Rouge National Urban Park
Terrestrial Biological Inventory and Assessment
February, 2015
Rouge National Urban Park February, 2015
Report prepared by: Gavin Miller, Flora Biologist Paul Prior, Fauna Biologist Patricia Moleirinho, GIS Technologist
Reviewed by: Sue Hayes, Project Manager, Terrestrial Field Inventories Scott Jarvie, Associate Director, Environmental Monitoring and Data Management
This report may be referenced as:
Toronto and Region Conservation Authority (TRCA). 2015. Rouge National Urban Park - Terrestrial Biological Inventory and Assessment.
Rouge National Urban Park February, 2015
Executive Summary
The Rouge National Urban Park contains some of the largest and highest quality examples of forest, oak savannah and meadow, inland and coastal wetlands in the urban and near-urban landscape of the Greater Toronto Area, providing important habitat for wildlife and opportunities for recreation and enjoyment of the natural environment.
Over the past two decades the Toronto and Region Conservation Authority (TRCA) has conducted several terrestrial biological inventories of natural features within the Park. In 2014 the TRCA revisited and inventoried all sections of the Park from Steeles Avenue south to Highway 401. This report synthesizes the inventory data collected from all natural cover within the Park boundary, combining data collected by the TRCA and by the Ministry of Natural Resources and Forestry (MNRF) (formerly called Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources OMNR) (Varga et al. 1991, OMNR 1991). Although direct comparisons of data collected in different years is not possible (other than in the case of the forest in the vicinity of the Glen Rouge Campground), a general comparison with historic data collected prior to this most recent decade can be made with respect to the overall species list.
Inventories of the Park were conducted at the levels of habitat patch (landscape analysis), vegetation community, and species (flora and fauna). The landscape evaluation is a desktop exercise completed using GIS ArcView software. This evaluation is used to determine the quantity and quality distribution of natural cover across the TRCA jurisdiction. Vegetation community and species data were collected according to the Terrestrial Natural Heritage Program Data Collection Methodology. Vegetation community designations are based on the Ecological Land Classification (ELC) and determined to the level of vegetation type. Flora and fauna regional species of conservation concern were mapped as point data with approximate number of individuals seen. A list of all other species observed was documented for the site.
The overall results at the landscape level for habitat patch quality is “fair” but with the south- central reaches of the Park scoring “good” for many of the larger and better connected habitat patches. This variation in the level of habitat quality between the north and south of the Park is well reflected in the variation in the occurrence of fauna Species of Concern across the Park.
The field data collection results obtained from the TRCA inventories found 226 different ELC vegetation community types including 68 different natural forest communities, 30 plantations, 24 successional communities, 63 wetlands, 9 aquatic communities, 29 dynamic communities (e.g. savannah, beaches and bluffs), and 3 meadow types. Of the 226 communities, 67 are of regional conservation concern. A total of 971 species of vascular plants were recorded including 906 naturally-occurring species. Of all the species, 561 are native (63%) and 345 are non-native (37%). There are 233 flora species of regional conservation concern (L1 to L3). Six of these have not been recorded anywhere else in the TRCA jurisdiction; an additional 14 species have only been recorded at one or two other sites in the jurisdiction.
Fauna surveys at Rouge National Urban Park documented a total of 155 possible breeding vertebrate fauna species in the past decade. This total is composed of 112 breeding birds, 24
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mammals, and 19 herpetofauna documented primarily during formal TRCA inventories, but also including input from the TRCA’s long term monitoring plots, incidental records from staff, and records from the Ontario Road Ecology Group’s road-kill survey (2010). The number of species identified suggests a high level of biodiversity for the site and is very comparable to other large forested areas of the jurisdiction.
Flora and fauna comparisons between MNRF and TRCA data suggests that native biodiversity within the Park is in decline and that non-native flora species have increased. The MNRF reported 543 native flora species (69%) and 239 non-native species (31%). There are 39 flora species that are now considered extirpated or in sharp decline in the southern section of the Park using the comparison of MNRF and TRCA data. Although remnant populations of some of these species may have been overlooked, it has been confirmed that the endangered bashful bulrush (Trichophorum planifolium) and a few other sensitive species are no longer growing in the Park. Two endangered species still remain: butternut (Juglans cinerea) and American ginseng (Panax quinquefolius).
Comparison with the results published in the earlier MNRF document reveals that the numbers of bird species considered secure within the urban landscape, and those species which are considered to be generally secure across the region, have remained fairly constant over the past couple of decades. However, there has been a definite decline in the number of more sensitive avifauna species breeding in the park, i.e. those species that are considered regional species of concern. This decline is best witnessed in the avifauna associated with the coastal Rouge Marsh. A total of 125 breeding bird species were identified by the MNRF (historic data); a difference of approximately 10% from the 112 bird species reported by TRCA post 2005.
The influence of the rest of the Rouge watershed and adjacent watersheds on the Park is currently a concern. Even if all site level recommendations are acted on, it is really a watershed-wide approach that will protect habitat and species and reverse biodiversity loss in the Rouge National Urban Park. That said, from a terrestrial natural heritage point of view, the Park would benefit most from 1) better management of public use; 2) an improvement in habitat quality; 3) improvements in connectivity; and 4) further monitoring to assess changes. Acting on these recommendations would help to re-establish opportunities for many of the sensitive species that have declined over the past decades and go a long way to prevent further declines. One of the most important recommendations offered in the report is that certain high quality areas be designated as nature reserves or “sanctuaries” (areas with zero trails) within the Park. This is necessary because regardless of potential improvements in habitat quality, the detrimental effects of public use of the existing and restored natural habitats will continue to result in further losses in the populations of sensitive fauna and flora species.
Rouge National Urban Park February, 2015
Table of Contents
p a g e 1.0 Introduction ...... 1 1.1 History of Surveys ...... 1 1.2 TRCA’s Terrestrial Natural Heritage Program ...... 2 2.0 Study Area Description ...... 3 3.0 Inventory Methodology ...... 6 3.1 Landscape Analysis ...... 7 3.2 Vegetation Community and Flora and Fauna Species ...... 8 4.0 Results and Discussion ...... 10 4.1 Regional Context ...... 10 4.2 Quantity of Natural Cover in the Rouge Watershed ...... 10 4.3 Habitat Patch Findings for the Rouge National Urban Park ...... 10 4.4 Vegetation Community Findings for Rouge National Urban Park ...... 12 4.4.1 Vegetation Community Representation ...... 12 4.4.2 Vegetation Communities of Concern ...... 17 4.5 Flora Species Findings for Rouge National Urban Park ...... 20 4.5.1 Flora Species Representation ...... 20 4.5.2 Flora Species of Concern ...... 21 4.5.3 Rare Flora and Population Trends ...... 21 4.5.4 Flora Species Habitat Dependence ...... 26 4.5.5 Flora Species Sensitivity to Development...... 29 4.5.6 Invasive Species...... 33 4.5.7 Plantings ...... 34 4.6 Fauna Species Findings for Rouge National Urban Park ...... 36 4.6.1 Fauna Species Representation ...... 36 4.6.2 Fauna Species of Concern ...... 40 4.6.3 Comparison of Glen Rouge Area (Block G) Fauna Data Between 2005 and 2014 ...... 50 5.0 Recommendations ...... 52 5.1 Site Summary ...... 52 5.2 Site Recommendations ...... 54 6.0 References ...... 60
Rouge National Urban Park February, 2015
List of Tables p a g e Table 1: List of ANSIs, ESAs and PSWs ...... 5 Table 2: Habitat patch quality, rank and species response ...... 8 Table 3: Summary of vegetation communities, Rouge National Urban Park ...... 13 Table 4 Summary of flora species, Rouge National Urban Park ...... 21 Table 5: Identified flora species believed to be only found within Rouge National Urban Park ... 22 Table 6: Extirpated bird species at Rouge National Urban Park ...... 38 Table 7: Summary of fauna species, Rouge National Urban Park ...... 40 Table 8: Comparison of L1-L4 breeding bird species abundance at Glen Rouge Area 2005-14 . 51 Table 9: Comparison of abundance of 7 selected L1-L3 birds at Glen Rouge Area 2005-14 ...... 52
List of Figures
Figure 1: Cliff exposure at Little Rouge Creek ...... 4 Figure 2: Proportion of vegetation community area by L-rank ...... 18 Figure 3: Mixed Oak – Pine Tallgrass Woodland ...... 19 Figure 4: Water-lily Mixed Shallow Aquatic community ...... 20 Figure 5: Total number of native and exotic flora recorded in Rouge Park South...... 23 Figure 6: Hairy aster: lone remnant plant...... 24 Figure 7: Number of mapped records for selected flora of concern 1980s to 2014...... 25 Figure 8: Seneca snakeroot, a savannah species ...... 27 Figure 9: Fringed gentian, a fen species ...... 28 Figure 10: Trampling in Glen Rouge Area ...... 30 Figure 11: Bike jumps in Glen Rouge Area ...... 31 Figure 12: Restoration project area invaded by garlic mustard ...... 36 Figure 13: Comparison of bird species numbers pre and post 2005 ...... 39 Figure 14: Pied-billed grebes in wetland...... 41 Figure 15: Ovenbird (ground-nesting bird species) ...... 44 Figure 16: Cooper’s hawk (adaptable bird species) ...... 48
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List of Maps
Map 1: Rouge National Urban Park in Context of Regional Natural Cover ...... 65 Maps 2a-b: Rouge National Urban Park Overview (north and south) ...... 66 Map 3: Regional Natural System Habitat Patch Quality ...... 68 Map 4: Distribution of Fauna Regional Species of Concern ...... 69 Maps 5a-b: Areas surveyed by TRCA by Year (north and south) ...... 70 Maps 6a-b: Habitat Patch Size Scores with Area Sensitivity (north and south) ...... 72 Maps 7a-b: Forest Interior (north and south) ...... 74 Maps 8a-b: Scores for Matrix Influence and Flora Sensitivity to Development (north and south) . 76 Maps 9a-b: Scores for Matrix Influence and Fauna Sensitivity to Development (north and south) 78 Maps 10a-b: Habitat Patch Quality (north and south) ...... 80 Maps 11a-b: Vegetation Community by Local Rank (north and south) ...... 82 Maps 12a-b: Flora Species of Concern (north and south) ...... 84 Maps 13a-b: Flora Habitat Dependence Scores (north and south) ...... 86 Maps 14a-b: Fauna Species of Concern (north and south) ...... 88 Maps 15a-b: Fauna Habitat Dependence Scores (north and south) ...... 90 Map 16 : Comparison of seven bird species in Glen Rouge (Block G) 2005 to 2014 ...... 92 Map 17 : Recommended Location for Nature Reserve Management, Rouge Park South ...... 93
List of Appendices
Appendix 1: TRCA Surveys in Rouge National Urban Park 2001-14 ...... 94 Appendix 2: List of Vegetation Communities, Rouge National Urban Park ...... 96 Appendix 3a: List of Flora Species, entire Rouge National Urban Park ...... 104 Appendix 3b: List of Flora Species, Rouge Park North ...... 124 Appendix 3c: List of Flora Species, Rouge Park South ...... 134 Appendix 3d: List of Extirpated Flora Species, Rouge National Urban Park ...... 149 Appendix 3e: List of Selected Flora Habitat Specialists, Rouge National Urban Park ...... 151 Appendix 4: List of Fauna Species, entire Rouge National Urban Park ...... 155 Appendix 5: Breeding Bird Species Losses and Declines in Rouge Park South ...... 162 Appendix 6: Summary of Fauna Scores and Ranks for Rouge Park South ...... 167
Rouge National Urban Park February, 2015
1.0 Introduction
Rouge National Urban Park, on the eastern edge of the City of Toronto, is the largest urban park in Canada, encompassing over 5810 ha of land. It is expected that the Park will in time provide a continuous corridor of natural habitat from the Oak Ridges Moraine in the north to the Lake Ontario shoreline in the south.
The Park contains some of the largest and highest quality examples of forest and meadow, riverine and lacustrine wetlands in the urban and near-urban landscape. The natural habitats include Carolinian and tallgrass savannah elements as well as more northern cool seepage wetlands and coniferous forests. It is home to important natural and cultural heritage sites and contains some of the very few working agricultural lands left within the City of Toronto. In addition to its ecological and cultural significance, the Park is an important place for recreation and enjoyment of the natural environment.
In the past a variety of terrestrial biological inventories have been conducted within the Park. These have served to document and highlight the current conditions and “state of” the natural system, and have been used to inform on-going management strategies as they relate to the protection of biodiversity, restoration plan development and trail planning. In order to provide the best advice and guidance, detailed field work is required to characterize the terrestrial natural heritage features. In 2014, Parks Canada commissioned the Toronto and Region Conservation Authority (TRCA) to gather comprehensive information on flora and fauna within the Rouge National Urban Park, combining past studies with further field work in 2014 to cover data gaps.
1.1 History of Surveys
Rouge National Urban Park has attracted the interest of naturalists for many decades. Varga et al. (1991) cite descriptions of the area dating from the 19th century, while plans for the Park itself arguably go back as far as the 1950s with the Ontario Department of Planning and Development recommending a “large scale wilderness preserve” (Ontario Department of Planning and Development 1956). Pressure for urban development of the lands around the Rouge valley began in the 1960s with citizens’ groups rallying for their protection in the 1970s. Save the Rouge Valley System, the first of many such groups associated with the Rouge, was founded in 1975. In 1988, after a close battle lasting over a decade, the Scarborough section of the Park, south of Steeles Avenue, was protected from urbanization and the area remains a blend of natural and agricultural landscape to this day.
Also in the 1970s, the modern era of biological inventory work began in the valley, with a preliminary survey of flora and fauna in the coastal marsh and lower valley provided by Wainio et al. (1973) and completed by Riley (1978). In 1991, the MNRF published the “Ecological Survey of the Rouge Valley Park” (Varga et al. 1991) and “Life Science Survey of the Northeastern Portion of the Rouge Valley Park” (OMNR 1991). These reports incorporated the 1970s inventory information with (then) recent observations of vegetation, flora and fauna (specifically a formal breeding bird
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survey conducted in 1990). The MNRF reports remain as a comprehensive, magisterial assessment of the Rouge Valley, though they are restricted to the area south of Steeles Avenue. They provide valuable historic information which can be used to compare with more recent data and track changes in the plants and animals living in the park. This is particularly true for the biologically-rich area south of Twyn Rivers Drive (Glen Rouge Area) which was surveyed historically by MNRF then twice by TRCA, and with some extra records from the City of Toronto.
Subsequently, over the past 25 years the TRCA has conducted additional assessments and inventories of portions of the Park (tabulated in Appendix 1). These surveys cover lands both north and south of Steeles Avenue and date from 2001 to 2014 (Maps 5a and 5b). The most extensive data (covering different parts of the Park) were collected in 2002, 2005, 2010 and 2014, though at least some work was done in in most years. In 2002, the Little Rouge Corridor which is the most extensive area of natural cover in the northern part of the Park was surveyed. Work in 2005 involved flora and fauna species only, within the large and biologically-rich Glen Rouge Area south of Twyn Rivers Drive. In 2010, several land parcels north and east of the Toronto Zoo were surveyed. TRCA produced reports on the Park south of Steeles Avenue in 2012 covering surveys from 2002-10; and in the fall of 2014 covering the 2014 surveys only (TRCA 2012a, TRCA 2014a). Upper Petticoat Creek and Major Creek, which are also wholly or largely within the Park, also have reports based on areas surveyed in 2014 (TRCA 2015a, 2015b). Older data, such as that from 2002 surveys at the Little Rouge Corridor, are becoming out-of-date, especially for fauna.
The City of Toronto also conducted biological inventory work for updating its Environmentally Significant Areas (ESAs) with the help of consultants in 2009-11 (City of Toronto 2012a, 2012b). Further description of the TRCA surveys and the way they were conducted can be found in Section 3.0 Inventory Methodology.
All surveys and reports undertaken by the TRCA, including those of the Rouge National Urban Park, are done with a view to the region-wide approach taken in the Terrestrial Natural Heritage Program. The Terrestrial Natural Heritage Program expands on earlier single-site approaches such as the designation of ESAs, and treats all natural cover as a unified natural system.
1.2 TRCA’s Terrestrial Natural Heritage Program
In the late 1990s the TRCA initiated the Terrestrial Natural Heritage Program to address the loss of terrestrial biodiversity within the jurisdiction’s nine watersheds. This work is based on two landscape-level indicators: the quality distribution of natural cover and the quantity of natural cover. The aim of the program is to create a conservation strategy that both protects elements of the natural system (vegetation communities, flora and fauna species) before they become rare and promotes greater ecological function of the natural system as a whole. This preventive approach is needed because by the time a community or species has become rare, irreversible damage has often already occurred. A healthy natural system capable of supporting regional biodiversity is the goal of the Terrestrial Natural Heritage Systems Strategy (TNHSS), to be
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achieved by setting targets – both short- and long-term (100 years) – for the two landscape indicators in order to provide direction in planning at all scales (TRCA 2007a, TRCA 2007b).
A target system that identifies a land base where natural cover should be restored is a key component of the Strategy. Although the objectives of the Strategy are based on making positive changes at all scales, the evaluation models were developed at the landscape scale by combining of digital land cover mapping and field-collected data. Field-collected data also provides ground- level information in the application of the landscape models at the site scale. The two indicators and the targets that have been set for them are explained in Section 3.1. It is important to understand that habitat quality and distribution are interdependent. For example, neither well- distributed poor-quality natural cover nor poorly-distributed good-quality natural cover achieves the desired condition of sustainable biodiversity and social benefits across the watershed.
Unique within the urban zone of the TRCA’s jurisdiction, the Rouge National Urban Park constitutes a large block of land that has been the subject of extensive and ongoing natural heritage restoration projects. Through these initiatives it is hoped that the biodiversity of the Park can be enhanced and maintained at a level higher than anywhere else within the urban and near- urban landscape. While many other natural areas in the region have diminished in size, and therefore in their potential to maintain fully functioning ecosystems, the Park’s forests and wetlands have expanded, providing opportunities for natural heritage to persist and perhaps even flourish. The influence of such a healthy natural system at the Park will be felt at the broader landscape level; the Park’s natural system is the foundation upon which the quality of the natural system throughout the Rouge watershed can be based.
2.0 Study Area Description
The Rouge National Urban Park covers the land in and around the Rouge and Little Rouge Rivers from 19th Avenue down to Lake Ontario (Map 1). This is a large area (5,810 ha) so for the sake of convenience, it is divided into sections north and south of Steeles Avenue for mapping and for parts of the discussion (Maps 2a and 2b). These sections are referred to as Rouge Park North and South respectively. Rouge Park North covers 3,806 ha while Rouge Park South covers 2,004 ha. The site lies along the border between the Carolinian floristic region, the deciduous forest zone of south-western Ontario and the Great Lakes – St. Lawrence floristic region, composed of mixed coniferous-deciduous forest. At the coarse physiographic level, the site crosses three regions; the Lake Iroquois Sand Plain and associated shoreline occupies the southern part of the park where mature forested ravine complexes predominate. Further north (roughly north of Finch Avenue) there is the South Slope with its more or less level, agricultural landscape and finally the Peel Clay Plain where clay or silt from periglacial ponding are found on tablelands and overlay the South Slope deposits (Chapman and Putnam 1984). The Peel Clay Plain is mostly at the northern end of the park although flatter areas where the ponding occurred can be found south to Steeles Avenue. There are a number of drumlins oriented northwest-southeast on the South Slope between Finch Avenue and 14th Avenue. The underlying bedrock is the Whitby Formation and one can observe its
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450 million year old (Palaeozoic) shales exposed at two places on the Little Rouge Creek (Eyles and Boyce 1991) (Figure 1).
Figure 1. Cliff exposure on Little Rouge Creek: Whitby Formation (photo: TRCA, 2014)
Surface geology consists primarily of Halton till glacial deposits, especially northward (Sharpe 1980). The tablelands north of the Iroquois Sand Plain are composed of sandy soils with “limestone pebbles and granitic boulders” (Varga et al. 1991). Most of the Lake Iroquois shoreline and beach (in Rouge Park South) has been removed for aggregates. The remaining swamps south of the landfill are recharged by a shallow aquifer that is able to discharge water along what is left of the gravelly beach deposits (Varga et al. 1991). The soils are predominantly fertile loams with good to imperfect drainage (Woburn and Milliken soil series), although there are many other less common soil series in the Park (Hoffman and Richards 1955). Berrien and Brighton sandy loams are associated with the Lake Iroquois Plain and valley lands in Rouge Park South, while Jeddo and Cashel clays are associated with Peel Plain ponding areas mostly northwards (16th Avenue north to 19th). However, lenses of differing soil textures can be found throughout the study
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area. Soil samples taken during field work confirm the general trend of fine sands to the south grading to silts and clays northward but with exceptions.
Topographically, the Park is complex. The receding water levels of Lake Iroquois, about 11,000 years ago, caused the river to downcut resulting in terraces 10-20 m above the new floodplains (Varga et al. 1991). Rouge Park South in particular has been marked with incredibly steep valley slopes along the river, undulating and level tablelands, wetlands, expansive floodplains, towering bluffs (up to 40 m), and a large coastal marsh - the Rouge River estuary, the largest coastal marsh in the City of Toronto. The study area contains the one of the best representations of coastal wetland and river valley system in the Greater Toronto Area. The drumlins form some distinct ridges across the tableland, especially in the vicinity of Steeles Avenue.
The Park is an ecologically rich area considering it is largely surrounded by urban landscape, and as such, it has been biologically catalogued for various programs with the purpose of its protection. The majority of the natural cover is part of the Rouge River Valley Area of Natural and Scientific Interest (ANSI), designated because the features form the most significant system of linked natural areas along any of the lower river valleys draining into north-western Lake Ontario. There are also 8 smaller Environmentally Significant Areas (ESAs) and 2 Provincially Significant Wetlands (PSW) complexes: Townline Swamp Complex and Rouge River Marshes Complex (see complete list in Table 1). Rouge Park South is also a major Carolinian Canada site, the most easterly site out of 38 other sites in Ontario (Carolinian Canada Coalition 2015).
Table 1. List of ANSIs, ESAs and PSWs within the Rouge National Urban Park boundaries.
Name of Parcel Approx. Size Designation (ha) Rouge River Valley 830.5 ANSI Pickering-Scarborough Iroquois Beach – the western half only 67 (of 137) Rouge Marsh Area 83.9 Little Rouge Forest 152.4 Tabor’s Horsetail Meadow 2.4 Pearce Woods 5.7 ESA Dillar Woods 0.9 Milne’s Forest 55.2 Rouge River Woodlands 14.6 Rouge Lakeshore Swale 1.4 Morningside Creek Forest – extreme western tip (c 5 of 60) PSW - Rouge River Marshes Wetland Complex 114.6 evaluated Townline Swamp Wetland Complex 62.5 other Petticoat Creek Wetland 9.4 wetlands - Locust Hill Wetland Complex 6.4 evaluated Cedar Grove Wetland Complex (currently under evaluation) (c 60)
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The European pre-settlement conditions (before 1833) are described by surveyors as continuous forest and wetland cover with occasional windfall areas and likely natural burn areas (Varga et al. 1991). Up until 1851 there was 73% forest cover in Scarborough Township, in which the majority of the Park resided. Deforestation, on tablelands and bottomlands mostly, continued into the next century and forest cover reached the lowest point of around 6% at around 1921 in both Scarborough and Pickering Townships (Varga et al. 1991).
Intensive activity continued in the Park throughout the 20th century in the forms of agriculture, aggregate extraction, recreational development, service and transportation corridors, etc. Moreover, the surrounding lands were being transformed from countryside to urban land-uses (Varga et al. 1991). However, after extensive restoration efforts on the part of Park management, today’s forest cover in the entire Rouge National Urban Park, based on 2013 aerial photo interpretation, is about 21%.
3.0 Inventory Methodology
Biological inventories of the area that now constitutes the Rouge National Urban Park were conducted at the levels of habitat patch (landscape analysis), vegetation community, and species (flora and fauna) according to the TRCA methodologies for landscape evaluation (TRCA 2007c) and field data collection (TRCA 2007d) that is based on MNRF’s Ecological Land Classification (ELC) (Lee et al. 1998). In addition to TRCA surveys, flora data from the City of Toronto ESA study (City of Toronto 2012a) were recent enough to be included as current records; the MNRF data dating from 1973-90 (Varga et al. 1991) was used for historical evaluation of changes. Habitat patch mapping was excerpted from the regional 2013 mapping of broadly-defined patch categories (forest, wetland, meadow, successional, and beach/bluff) and digitized using ArcView GIS software.
A key component of the field data evaluation is the scoring and ranking of vegetation communities and flora and fauna species to generate local “L” ranks (L1 to L5). This process was undertaken in 1996-2000 and ranks are reviewed regularly (TRCA 2010). Vegetation community scores and ranks are based on two criteria: local occurrence and the number of geophysical requirements or factors on which they depend. Flora species are scored using four criteria: local occurrence, population trend, habitat dependence, and sensitivity to impacts associated with development. Fauna species scores have seven criteria: local occurrence, local population trend, continent-wide population trend, habitat dependence, sensitivity to development, area-sensitivity, and patch isolation sensitivity. With the use of this ranking system, communities or species of regional concern, ranked L1 to L3, now replace the idea of rare communities or species. Rarity (local occurrence) is still considered but is now one of many criteria that make up the L-ranks, making it possible to recognize communities or species of regional concern before they become rare.
In addition to the L1 to L3 ranked species, a large number of currently common or secure species at the regional level are considered of concern in the urban context. These are the species
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identified with an L-rank of L4. Although L4 species are widespread and frequently occur in relatively intact urban sites, they are vulnerable to long-term declines.
3.1 Landscape Analysis
The quality, distribution and quantity of natural cover in a region are important determinants of the species distribution, vegetation community health and the provision of “ecosystem services” (e.g. air and water quality, recreation, aesthetics) in that region.
Base Mapping
The first step in evaluating a natural system or an individual habitat patch is to interpret and map land cover using aerial photographs. The basic unit for the evaluation at all scales is the habitat patch in the region, which are then combined and evaluated as a system at any scale. A habitat patch is a continuous piece of habitat, as determined from aerial photo interpretation. The TRCA maps habitat according to five broad categories: forest, wetland, meadow, successional and beach/bluff. At the regional level, the TRCA jurisdiction is made up of thousands of habitat patches. This mapping of habitat patches in broad categories is conducted through remote– sensing and is used in the evaluation of quality, distribution and quantity of natural cover. It should not be confused with the more detailed mapping of vegetation communities obtained through field surveys and that is used to ground-truth the evaluation (see Section 3.2).
Quality Distribution of Natural Cover
The quality of each habitat patch is evaluated according to three criteria: size (the number of hectares occupied by the patch), shape (edge-to-area ratio), and matrix influence (measure of the positive and negative impacts from surrounding land use) (TRCA 2007c). A total score for each patch is obtained through a weighted average of the scores for the three criteria. This total score is used as a measure of the ‘quality’ of a habitat patch and is translated into a local rank (L-rank) ranging from L1 to L5 based on the range of possible total scores from three to 15 points. Of these L-ranks, L1 represents the highest quality habitat and L5 the poorest.
Species presence or absence correlates to habitat patch quality (size, shape and matrix influence) (Kilgour 2003). The quality target is based on attaining a quality of habitat patch throughout the natural system that would support in the very long term a broad range of biodiversity, more specifically, that would support the region’s fauna Species of Conservation Concern (Table 2).
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Table 2: Habitat patch quality, rank and species response
Size, Shape and Matrix Influence Patch Rank Fauna Species of Conservation Concern Excellent L1 Generally found Good L2 Generally found Fair L3 Generally found Poor L4 Generally not found Very Poor L5 Generally not found
In addition to the three criteria that make up the total habitat patch score, another important measure to consider in assessing habitat patch quality is forest interior, i.e. the amount of forest habitat that is greater than 100 m from the edge of the forest patch, using 100 m increments. A recognized distance for deep interior conditions occurs at 400 m from the patch edge. Such conditions are a habitat requirement for several sensitive fauna species.
Quantity
The quantity target is the amount of natural cover that needs to exist in the landscape in order to accommodate and achieve the quality distribution targets described above. The two targets are therefore linked to each other: it will be impossible to achieve the required distribution of natural heritage quality without the appropriate quantity of natural cover. The proportion of the region that needs to be maintained as natural cover in order to achieve the desired quality has been identified as 30% (TRCA 2007a).
3.2 Vegetation Community and Flora and Fauna Species
Field surveys by TRCA occurred from 2001 (flora beginning in 2002) to 2014 (Appendix 1; Maps 5a and 5b, see also Section 1.1). Vegetation community and flora and fauna species were done during the appropriate times of year to capture breeding status in the case of amphibians and birds, and during the optimal growing period of the various plant species and communities.
Vegetation communities and flora species were surveyed concurrently where possible. Vegetation community designations were based on the Ecological Land Classification (ELC) and determined to the level of vegetation type (Lee et al. 1998). Community boundaries (referred to as polygons) were outlined onto printouts of 2013 digital ortho-rectified photographs (ortho-photos) to a scale of 1:2000 and then digitized in ArcView. Flora regional species of concern (species ranked L1 to L3) were mapped as point data with approximate number of individuals seen. In some sites within the study area, where there was an urban matrix, L4 species were mapped as well. A list of all other species observed was documented for the site. When necessary, flora specimens or photos were sent for identification verification to the appropriate authorities. A few additional flora records obtained from the City of Toronto (2009 to 2011) including some notable species of concern are included in the report.
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From 2001 to 2014 fauna data were collected by the TRCA on surveys typically conducted in early spring (April) and late spring and summer (May, June and July). The spring surveys searched primarily for frog species of regional concern but recorded incidentally the presence of any early- spring nocturnal bird species (owls and American woodcocks). Surveys in late May to July were concerned primarily with the mapping of breeding bird species of regional concern. As per the TRCA data collection protocol breeding bird surveys are carried out by visiting all parts of a site at least twice during the breeding season (late May to mid-July) to determine the breeding status of each mapped point. The methodology for identifying confirmed and possible breeding birds follows Cadman et al. (2007). All initial visits were completed by the end of the third week of June. The field-season is organized so that by late June only repeat visits are being conducted. Any visit made in the first half of June is subsequently validated by a second visit later in the season.
The fauna inventories conducted in 2014 (Rouge Park South and the areas north of Steeles Avenue known as Major Creek and Upper Petticoat Creek) mapped fauna of regional and urban concern (species ranked L1 to L4) as point data; inventories further north in the watershed, conducted prior to 2014, primarily mapped fauna of regional concern (L1 to L3), only mapping L4 species in locations that were considered urban or near-urban at the time of the inventories. In the case of breeding birds, each mapped point represents a possible breeding bird territory. It should also be noted that over the course of so many years the local rankings of some species have changed as new information regarding their local occurrence influences their total scores within the process.
MNRF vs. TRCA Inventory Work
The historic study area surveyed by MNRF in Rouge Park South (Varga et al. 1991) overlaps closely with TRCA’s more recent surveys. The most botanically rich areas were visited by both, e.g. the valley lands north and south of Twyn Rivers Drive and the Rouge Marsh (Map 5b). Comparisons between the two different datasets are most valid for such well-defined locations. Such comparison is especially strong for the Glen Rouge Area south of Twyn Rivers Drive, which was surveyed for flora and fauna species twice by TRCA in 2005 and 2014 and hence has three datasets available (TRCA 2014a). In addition, both studies aimed to be as comprehensive as possible within the more readily surveyed taxa - flora and vertebrate fauna (primarily birds and herpetofauna). Nonetheless caution should be exercised due to differences in botanical inventory protocol. Both works compiled extensive species lists and gave an indication of the abundance of sensitive species found; however, the selection of species to map was based on different criteria. The TRCA ranking and scoring system with its L-ranks had not been inaugurated in 1991, so MNRF mapped rare plants based on knowledge of occurrences at the time.
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4.0 Results and Discussion
Information pertaining to Rouge National Urban Park was collected through both remote-sensing and ground-truthing surveys. This information contains three levels of detail: habitat patch (Section 4.2), vegetation community (Section 4.3), and flora and fauna species (Sections 4.4 and 4.5). This Section provides the information collected and its analysis in the context of the TNHS Strategy (TRCA 2007a).
4.1 Regional Context
Based on 2013 orthophotography, 25% of the land area in the TRCA jurisdiction consists of natural cover. Although historically, the region would have consisted of up to 95% forest cover, currently only about 17% is covered by forest and wetland. Of the non-natural cover (i.e. the remaining 75%), 48% is urban and 27% is rural/agricultural.
At the regional level, analysis of habitat patches shows that the present average patch quality for the entire TRCA jurisdiction is “fair” (L3). Thus the existing natural system stands below the quality target for the region (L2, “good”) which requires 30% forest and wetland cover. Furthermore the existing natural cover has a very unbalanced distribution, with large patches of forest and wetland cover restricted largely to the northern half of the TRCA jurisdiction, especially on the Oak Ridges Moraine (ORM) (Map 3). The distribution of fauna species of concern is similarly distributed with a bias to the northern part of the jurisdiction; fauna species of regional concern are generally absent from the urban matrix (see Map 4). The regional picture, being the result of a long history of land use changes, confirms that all site-based decisions contribute to the condition of a region.
Only in the Rouge watershed and the neighbouring Duffins watershed does the distribution of natural cover differ markedly from the regional average. In the Rouge watershed, the majority of forest cover is situated south of Steeles Avenue; a result of the long period of protection afforded the lower Rouge watershed by the creation of the Park starting in the 1980s.
4.2 Quantity of Natural Cover in the Rouge Watershed
The area of the Rouge watershed is approximately 33,288 ha with 22% natural cover, including 4,010 ha as forest (12%), 2,841 ha as meadow (9%) and 243 ha as wetland (<1%). According to 2013 update, the study area contains 2,301 ha of natural cover, amounting to 31% of the natural cover in the Rouge watershed.
4.3 Habitat Patch Findings for the Rouge National Urban Park
The following details the study area according to the natural system indicator quality distribution used in designing the Terrestrial Natural Heritage System Strategy. The results for quality
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distribution are reported below under the headings of habitat patch size and shape, matrix influence and total score. Analysis was based on 2013 ortho-photos.
Habitat Patch Size and Shape
Rouge National Urban Park is an enormous expanse of land, occupying a major proportion of the lower two-thirds of the Rouge River watershed. In contrast to all other of the nine watersheds which comprise the region, natural habitat patches are larger and more extensive in the southern half of the Rouge watershed than in the north, an anomaly that has come about entirely due to the protection afforded the natural features within the Park. Thus, there are relatively extensive forest patches in the southern half of the Park (south of Steeles) with the largest being the Glen Rouge Forest located between Twyn Rivers Drive and Kingston Road. This feature, bound to east and west by the steep valley walls, is large enough and broad enough to accommodate the largest extent of forest interior habitat within the Park. In fact, it is one of only two forest patches in the Park to contain interior forest habitat beyond 200 m from the edge. The other forest patch which contains such an extent of interior forest is the Townline Swamp Wetland Complex, specifically the forest immediately to the east of the Beare Road Landfill. A third large sized habitat patch (i.e. scoring 4 out of 5 points for the patch size criterion, ranked as L2) is located on the west side of the Toronto Zoo but appears to be largely young plantation which is currently not functioning effectively as natural forest cover. These three patches of continuous natural habitat constitute the only patches within the Rouge National Urban Park that currently cover over 50 ha. The majority of the natural cover patches north of Finch Avenue are ranked as L3 for size, scoring 3 out of 5 points, but there are also many smaller, lower scoring patches.
Habitat Patch Matrix Influence
The matrix influence scores are ranked as “good” (L2) and “fair” (L3) for the majority of the Park (Maps 8a to 9b). The higher score is achieved largely across the land between Twyn Rivers Drive and Steeles Avenue, and again throughout the Major Creek area, located on the eastern boundary of the northern section of the Park. This latter area’s high score can be attributed to the largely rural matrix to the north and east of the Park, in contrast to the completely urban matrix surrounding the southern section. The central section (i.e. between Twyn Rivers Drive and Steeles Avenue) is also surrounded by a largely urban and urbanizing landscape but this is the widest section of the entire Park (over 4.5 km wide) and the calculation of matrix influence is based on the landscape character within 2 km of the subject feature. In the southern and western areas of the study area the matrix influence is more urban and therefore the rank drops to L3.
The TRCA measures matrix influence at the landscape level by assigning set values; positive, neutral and negative, to the type of landscape use occurring within 2 km of the subject site. It is important, however, to also understand and consider the matrix influence that occurs at the site and patch level. Such influences include those transferred to an otherwise remote natural habitat patch from a distant urban or suburban development, for example via a trail system.
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Habitat Patch Total Score
Habitat patch total score is calculated through the combination of scores each habitat patch receives for size, shape and matrix influence. Therefore patches that score a combination of “good” (L2) and “fair” (L3) for matrix influence and patch size, achieve the highest overall patch scores; unsurprisingly, the majority of high total patch scores occur across the lower-middle section of the Park, between Steeles Avenue and Twyn Rivers Drive. The inclusion of the Glen Rouge Forest as an L2 patch despite the completely urban matrix and despite the Park only being on average 1.5 km wide at this section is due to the extensive forest habitat here and the proximity to the broader expanse of natural habitat just to the north. To the north of Steeles Avenue, habitat patches are largely L3 with just one small forest patch (Markham East Woodlot) ranked as L2, but this is due almost entirely to the high shape score for this particular patch. As the agriculture becomes more intense towards the north, pressing natural features into smaller and more linear patches, the rank tends towards “poor” or L4 (Maps 10a and 10b).
4.4 Vegetation Community Findings for Rouge National Urban Park
4.4.1 Vegetation Community Representation
The vast majority of the approximately 2301 ha of natural cover within the Rouge National Urban Park (2048 ha) has been inventoried by TRCA since 2001 (Maps 5a and 5b). A total of 226 different ELC vegetation community types are described for the site (listed in Appendix 2 and summarized in Table 3). This represents 58% of the 387 vegetation types recorded for the entire TRCA jurisdiction. There are 68 different natural forest communities, 30 plantations, 24 successional communities, 63 wetlands, 9 aquatic communities, 29 dynamic communities (e.g. beaches and bluffs), and 3 meadow types. This is an impressive amount, especially of wetland and dynamic communities. The community diversity reflects the topography, geology, and location of the Park, and to a lesser extent, the restoration plantings over the last couple of decades.
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Table 3. Summary of vegetation communities, Rouge National Urban Park (North and South) Total Area (ha) Number ELC Types north south total north south total All surveyed vegetation 813.4 1234.5 2047.9 135 196 226 Forest (natural) 298.1 643.9 942.0 60 85 68 coniferous 38.1 33.3 71.4 4 7 7 mixed 73.1 163.3 236.3 7 17 17 deciduous 153.7 316.6 470.2 29 37 44 sugar maple 86.1 187.0 273.1 13 17 19 oak-hickory 3.2 24.2 27.4 2 8 8 lowland/young 64.4 105.4 169.8 14 12 17 Plantation 33.3 130.7 164.0 20 24 30 Successional 159.8 188.3 348.1 19 21 24 Wetland 162.9 167.2 330.1 44 49 63 conifer/mixed swamp 14.2 12.4 26.5 4 4 6 deciduous swamp 28.2 91.8 120.0 8 12 13 thicket swamp 11.7 12.7 24.4 3 5 6 fen 0.3 2.3 2.6 2 3 3 meadow-marsh 96.5 21.0 117.5 16 12 18 shallow marsh 12.1 27.0 39.2 11 13 17 Aquatic - veg 1.0 25.2 26.2 3 7 7 Aquatic - unveg 2.6 36.4 39.0 2 2 2 Dynamic 1.5 26.8 28.3 4 29 29 beach/bar/bluff 1.5 18.7 20.2 4 13 13 prairie/sand barren 7.1 7.1 13 13 clay barren 1.0 1.0 3 3 Meadow 187.5 146.8 334.2 3 3 3
Over one-third (778 ha or 38%) of the habitat surveyed is natural forest. Mature and mid-aged forest covers the valleys and terraces of the Rouge River and Little Rouge Creek, large and small swaths of tableland, and bottomlands. Forest cover is greater in Rouge Park South, where steep valleys cover more of the land and it was less suitable for agriculture. South of Finch Avenue, almost all of the natural cover is forest, with the main exceptions being the Beare Road Landfill and the Rouge Marsh.
Ravine slopes with a northern aspect and some lower terraces above the current floodplain are cooler and fairly moist. Forests here have a more coniferous component with white cedar (Thuja occidentalis) and eastern hemlock (Tsuga canadensis) being particularly abundant with some white pine (Pinus strobus) also. Associated communities with significant cover include Fresh-Moist White Cedar Coniferous Forest (FOC4-1), Fresh-Moist Hemlock – Sugar Maple Mixed Forest (FOM6-1), Fresh-Moist White Cedar – Sugar Maple Mixed Forest (FOM7-1) and Fresh-Moist White Cedar – Hardwood Mixed Forest (FOM7-2). Interestingly, there are good examples of drier
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coniferous mixed and deciduous forests also on lighter soils, notably the Dry-Fresh Hemlock – Hardwood Mixed Forest (FOM3-1) on the tableland in the Glen Rouge Area and a few patches of Dry-Fresh White Cedar – Paper Birch Mixed Forest (FOM4-1) and Dry-Fresh White Cedar – Hardwood Mixed Forest (FOM4-A). The conifers may be able to compete here due to the lighter, less nutrient-rich soils. There are 24 different coniferous and mixed forest types in all.
The warmer south-facing slopes and fertile tableland woodlots have deciduous forest cover. There are 19 sugar maple (Acer saccharum ssp. saccharum) forest types with various hardwood co- dominants covering 273 ha or 13.3% of the total natural cover. Dry-Fresh Sugar Maple – Oak Deciduous Forest (FOD5-3) is the single largest type with 64.2 ha. Sugar maple is found as a dominant or co-dominant on various slope aspects however, red oak (Quercus rubra) is restricted to south facing slopes where the microclimate provides warmer temperatures and reduced soil moisture. This forest type intergrades into the oak-hickory group of forests (occupying 27.4 ha) and oak woodlands and savannahs. Black maple (Acer saccharum ssp. nigrum) is prominent in lower-lying valley lands; Fresh-Moist Sugar Maple – Black Maple Deciduous Forest (FOD6-5) is particularly common in the Little Rouge Valley south of Steeles Avenue (Woodlands Area). This forest type intergrades into the more typical bottomland forest which is dominated by more recent stands of Manitoba maple (Acer negundo), crack willow (Salix x rubens) and poplars (Populus spp). Bottomland forest types such as Fresh-Moist Poplar Deciduous Forest (FOD8-1), Fresh- Moist Manitoba Maple Deciduous Forest (FOD7-a), and Fresh-Moist Willow Lowland Deciduous Forest (FOD7-3) cover 169.8 ha.
There are numerous plantations throughout the Park, the largest patches of which have been planted since the late 1990s on previously cultivated fields – Decidous, Mixed, and Coniferous Restoration Plantations (CUP1-A, CUP2-A, CUP3-A). These sites are on tableland and within the agricultural matrix, north of Old Finch Avenue and also at the Beare Road Landfill. Smaller areas were planted throughout the last half of the 20th century with non-native species such as Scotch pine (Pinus sylvestris, CUP3-3) and Austrian pine (Pinus nigra, CUP3-b) and natives such as white pine (Pinus strobus, CUP3-2) and red pine (Pinus resinosa, CUP3-1). Many of these older plantations are narrow fencerows in the agricultural area north of Steeles Avenue. A total of 164 ha of plantation were surveyed, 88 ha of that are restoration plantings. The actual total would be higher since some agricultural fields were converted to plantation after certain areas were surveyed (e.g. Bob Hunter Park).
Successional semi-woody habitat covers 348.1 ha (17% of the surveyed land). These are scattered across the tableland, bottomlands, and ravines between patches of forest. They result mostly from natural regeneration onto abandoned agricultural land. Native Deciduous Woodland and Savannah (CUW1-A3 and CUS1-A1) cover about half of the successional habitat. Dominant tree species include ash (Fraxinus spp.) and poplar. Other woody species include white elm (Ulmus americana), white cedar, white pine, and paper birch (Betula papyrifera). Communities where hawthorns (Crataegus spp) or apple trees (Malus pumila) are prevalent (e.g. CUW1-D, CUS1-1), notably north of Steeles Avenue, indicate that cow pasture was one of the previous land uses (Marks 2001). These hawthorn communities occupy 35.6 ha. There is still active cow pasture in parts of the Park, for example, along Major Creek (TRCA 2015b). One of the most important
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successional habitats is hedgerows. Treed Hedgerow (CUH1-A) forms many narrow linear linkages between agricultural fields especially in Rouge Park North. In some cases native forest species are well-represented. Hedgerows occupy 63 ha.
Wetlands are a major feature of Rouge National Urban Park. They occupy 330.1 ha, while vegetated aquatic communities occupy 26.2 ha. There are 63 wetland vegetation types covering 16.1% of the surveyed natural cover. Wetlands are evenly divided between Rouge Park North and South; however, there is more diversity in the south with just one type constituting almost half the total area in the north: Reed Canary Mineral Meadow Marsh (MAM2-2). The Provincially Significant coastal wetland Rouge Marsh accounts for about 56 ha, although some of this area is better classified as lowland deciduous forest on the floodplain (City of Toronto 2009).
Treed swamp occupies 120.0 ha. The Townline Swamp Provincially Significant Wetland and nearby areas on the east side of Rouge Park South provide the largest concentration. Deciduous treed swamp also occurs scattered across the whole park on poorly-drained tablelands (often woodlots that are in subtle troughs between low drumlin ridges) and in some floodplain areas with old oxbow channels. Tableland deciduous swamps occupying subtle depressions occur in the source region of Upper Petticoat Creek (TRCA 2015a) and north of the Toronto Zoo near Sewell’s Rd (TRCA 2012). Where there is groundwater seepage in headwater areas on the South Slope (e.g. Major Creek, Rouge Park North TRCA 2015b) or part-way down valley slopes and terraces in Rouge Park South, there are a few coniferous and mixed swamps. Red Ash Mineral Deciduous Swamp (SWD2-2) is the most prominent treed swamp type, comprising about half the total area. There is also significant coverage of Silver or Swamp Maple Mineral Deciduous Swamp (SWD3-2 and SWD3-3) and Willow Mineral Deciduous Swamp (SWD4-1). The high prevalence of red ash (Fraxinus pennsylvanica) makes these communities vulnerable to drastic alteration with the arrival of emerald ash borer which is killing off ash trees at a tremendous rate.
Coniferous and mixed swamp covers 26.5 ha in total. Most of this is White Cedar – Hardwood Mineral Mixed Swamp (SWM1-1) with smaller amounts of White Cedar – Hardwood Organic Mixed Swamp (SWM4-1), White Cedar Mineral Coniferous Swamp (SWC1-1), and White Cedar – Conifer Mineral Coniferous Swamp (SWC1-2).
Thicket swamp occupies 24.4 ha, approximately equally-divided between Rouge Park North and South. Most of this is Willow Mineral Thicket Swamp (SWT2-2) and Red-osier Mineral Thicket Swamp (SWT2-5). There is a small amount of Buttonbush Organic Thicket Swamp (SWT3-4) near Amos Ponds in the Townline Swamp.
There are 39.2 ha of shallow marsh and 117.5 ha of meadow-marsh in Rouge National Urban Park. Significant concentrations of marsh occur in the coastal Rouge Marsh and also in the constructed Beare Road Wetlands (west of the old Beare Road Landfill site).
Reed Canary Grass Mineral Meadow Marsh (MAM2-2) is the most abundant of the marsh communities, with 91.1 ha recorded: thus, well over half of the marsh area in the Park is dominated by reed canary grass (Phalaris arundinacea). This low-diversity community is
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concentrated in agricultural headwater swales and low-lying meadows throughout the Park, but especially in Rouge Park North. Narrow-Leaved Cattail Mineral Shallow Marsh (MAS2-1b) is also abundant (27.9 ha) dominated mostly by hybrid cattail (Typha x glauca) followed by species such as narrow-leaved cattail (Typha angustifolia), reed canary grass and jewelweed (Impatiens capensis). It is the predominant type in the Rouge Marsh but is also scattered throughout the Park in pond edges, along riverbanks, and in disturbed seeps. Forb Mineral Meadow Marsh (MAM2-10) occupies 15.9 ha; common species associated with this community include panicled and swamp asters (Symphyotrichum lanceolatum var. lanceolatum and S. puniceum) and spotted Joe-Pye weed (Eupatorium maculatum). Other marsh types occupy only small amounts of land; some of these include Forb Mineral Shallow Marsh (MAS2-9), Narrow-leaved Sedge Mineral Meadow Marsh (MAM2-5), Bur-reed Mineral Shallow Marsh (MAS2-7) and Common Reed Mineral Meadow Marsh (MAM2-a). It is evident that invasive species such as reed canary grass, the non-native cattail hybrid, and common reed (Phragmites australis ssp. australis) play a prominent role in the Rouge National Urban Park’s marshes.
Some of the most interesting wetlands in the Rouge National Urban Park are the seepage fens which have a very high concentration of flora species of conservation concern. They are very small, with a total of 2.6 ha recorded. There are three types: Mineral Fen Meadow Marsh (MAM5- 1), White Cedar Treed Mineral Fen (FET2-A), and White Cedar – Scots Pine Mineral Treed Fen (FET2-B). The fens are identified in earlier inventories as “horsetail meadows” given the prominence of variegated scouring-rush (Equisetum variegatum) (MTRCA 1982, Varga et al. 1991, City of Toronto 2012b). Most fens occur on terraces and slopes above the Little Rouge Creek between roughly Plug Hat Rd and Twyn Rivers Drive. There is a notable example, however, in Rouge Park North on Katabokokonk Creek, a tributary of the Little Rouge Creek.
Organic wetlands are scarce. They occupy only 8.7 ha of the total 330.1 ha of wetland. There are 15 types spanning a range of swamps and marshes (Appendix 2). The paucity of organic soils probably reflects a history of agricultural and erosional disturbance.
Aquatic communities cover 65.2 ha (although the stream channel of the Little Rouge Creek north of Steeles is not included in this total). Aquatic communities with submergent vegetation are now limited to a few areas of the Rouge Marsh and are highly sensitive to lake level fluctuations, eutrophication, and sediment loads (Varga et al. 1991), therefore, changes in species composition is common in urban coastal marsh zones. However, the Beare Road wetlands whose construction began in 1999 do provide a large amount of ponding not affected by sedimentation or runoff so have helped to restore the amount of vegetated aquatic habitat (now totaling 26.2 ha). Water Lily - Bullhead Lily Mixed Shallow Aquatic (SAM1-A) accounts for 15.1 ha and is mostly found in the shallow ponds, northwest channels, and embayments of the Rouge Marsh as well as in the Beare Road wetlands. Pondweed Submerged Shallow Aquatic (SAS1-1) with pondweeds (Stuckenia pectinata, Potamogeton zosteriformis, P. berchtoldii, P. natans and P. foliosus) are also prevalent in Rouge Marsh. Small vegetated ponds and sections of stream channel or oxbows are found elsewhere, including Rouge Park North.
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Dynamic communities (i.e. those that are subject to fire, erosion and other dynamic processes) account for 28.3 ha of the park. These include numerous small riparian bars (e.g. Mineral Treed Riparian Bar (BBT1-B), Willow Shrub Riparian Bar (BBS1-2B), and Reed Canary Grass Riparian Bar (BBO1-3)). Several bluff types occur along the major streams in the park. Two exposures of Palaeozoic bedrock along Little Rouge Creek south of Twyn Rivers Drive qualify as tiny cliff polygons. The Lake Ontario shoreline within Rouge Park South is actively used as a public beach. Sea Rocket Open Sand Beach (BBO1-1) is also still present there.
There are 13 different vegetation communities associated with sand barren – tallgrass savannah – woodland spectrum in Rouge Park South; these are very small fragments totalling 7.1 ha (though this includes 1.7 ha of planted prairie). They range from Mixed Oak – Pine Tallgrass Woodland (TPW1-A) to Bracken Fern Sand Barren (SBO1-1), all in the Glen Rouge Area between Twyn Rivers Drive and Kingston Rd. These communities occur on fine sands and would have been historically burned, though probably not for many decades.
Meadow areas, covering 334.2 ha of surveyed land, are mainly found on tablelands especially in Rouge Park North. Many recently planted fields that are currently functioning as meadows are classified as pioneer plantations and are not included in these calculations. Cool Season Grass Meadow (CUM1-b) is the most prevalent, covering 155.6 ha, while meadows dominated by native forbs (CUM1-A) such as goldenrods (Solidago spp.), asters (Symphyotrichum spp.), and wild bergamot (Monarda fisulosa) occupy 132.7 ha (40% of meadows surveyed). Exotic forb meadow (CUM1-c), dominated by invasive species such as dog-strangling vine (Cynanchum rossicum), covers 45.9 ha.
Non-native species are prominent in the successional, meadow and plantation areas, extending into the less mature forest types – and therefore affecting much of the natural cover in Rouge Park South. Only the more mature forests and a few wetlands especially the fens are relatively free of invasive non-native species.
4.4.2 Vegetation Communities of Concern
The vegetation communities that occur in the TRCA jurisdiction are scored and given a local rank from L1 to L5 based on the two criteria mentioned in Section 3.0: abundance and geo-physical requirements. Communities with a rank of L1 to L3 are considered of regional conservation concern in the jurisdiction while L4 communities are considered of concern in the urban portion of the jurisdiction. Community ranks do not take into account the intactness or quality of individual examples of communities; thus, a common type of vegetation community may be of conservation concern at a particular site because of its age, intact native ground layer, or other considerations aside from rank.
There are many different communities of conservation concern in the Park, though they are often quite small and do not exist in abundance. They are heavily concentrated in Rouge Park South, with only 16 of the 67 communities of regional concern occurring north of Steeles Avenue. The total vegetation community area is skewed towards lower-sensitivity communities in Rouge Park
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North due to the preponderance of historical and current agricultural activity with less valley land, less physiographic diversity, and probably less fire (Figure 2).
Figure 2. Proportion of vegetation area coverage by L-rank, Rouge Park North (left) and South (right)
The highest-ranking communities (rank of L1 or L2) fall into several categories, with the savannah and fens being the most prominent. The sand barren – tallgrass savannah – woodland spectrum is restricted to physical conditions of dry to fresh, fine sandy soils with a past history of fire (or occasionally other disturbance such as erosion). In the TRCA jurisdiction, they are found almost entirely on the Iroquois sand plain – mostly in High Park and lower Humber Valley, though there are some examples on the Oak Ridges Moraine in the East Duffins Headwaters area. In the Park, they are generally restricted to the area south of Twyn Rivers Drive: the Glen Rouge Area which is also called Block G in the 2014 interim study (TRCA 2014a). The passage of many decades without fire, overgrowth by common deciduous saplings and shrubs, and invasive species (especially dog-strangling vine) are serious threats to the savannah and barren communities (Figure 3). Sea Rocket Sand Beach (BBO1-1) and Treed Carbonate Cliff (CLT1-1 and CLT1-2) occur at the lakeshore and on a couple of Palaeozoic shale outcrops respectively (see Figure 1, section 2.0). The right amount of erosion by wind and water is necessary to maintain the dynamic character of bluffs, beaches, and riparian bar communities: too much stabilization, and they revert to common successional communities; too much erosion or trampling and they are stripped bare.
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Figure 3. Mixed Oak – Pine Tallgrass Woodland (TPW1-A) (rank L1), with white pine (Pinus strobus), red oak (Quercus rubra), big bluestem (Andropogon gerardii) and heavy invasion of dog-strangling vine (Cynanchum rossicum) (Photo: TRCA, 2014)
Wetlands with very high conservation ranks (L1 to L2) include the seepage fens which are mostly along Little Rouge Creek as well as several marshes and swamps with organic soils (Appendix 2). Silver Maple Organic Deciduous Swamp (SWD6-2) as well as a few other tableland swamp types are scattered throughout the Park. Twenty-six of the 63 wetland types have a rank of L1 to L3. These wetlands have a high sensitivity to hydrological changes, nutrient and sediment loading, which tends to alter them toward the more invasive-dominated types such as Reed Canary Grass Mineral Marsh (MAM2-2) or Hybrid Cattail Mineral Shallow Marsh (MAS2-1b). The latter type of cattail marsh is now the dominant community in the Rouge Marsh, along with crack willow forest and swamp. There are also 7 vegetated aquatic communities which are moderately resilient (having a rank of L4) but nonetheless sensitive to inputs of sediments and nutrients that can increase turbidity. There are some healthy examples to be seen at the Beare Road Wetlands
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restoration project (Figure 4). This can partly compensate for the degradation pressures at the Rouge Marsh.
Figure 4. Water-lily Mixed Shallow Aquatic community at Beare Road Wetlands; the community originated from planting in the late 1990s (photo: TRCA, 2014)
4.5 Flora Species Findings for Rouge National Urban Park
4.5.1 Flora Species Representation
Rouge National Urban Park as a whole, had a total of 971 species of vascular plants recorded from 2001-2014 (Appendix 3a and summarized in Table 4). These include 906 naturally-occurring species and 64 planted species. This represents over half of all the vascular plants known to have occurred in the TRCA jurisdiction. Of all the species, 562 are native (62%) and 345 are non-native (38%).
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This is an impressive richness of flora for an urban and near-urban park, especially Rouge Park South (Appendix 3c). The biodiversity of the Park is largely related to the mix of mature forests, savannah habitats, and wetlands; plus the fact that it spans two life zones (Carolinian and Great Lakes - St. Lawrence), and that the natural cover is mostly unfragmented south of Finch Avenue. The history of agricultural disturbance across much of Rouge Park North has resulted in somewhat lower (but still high) species richness (Appendix 3b).
Table 4. Summary of flora species, Rouge National Urban Park (North and South)
Count of species North South Total Total species 590 936 971 Naturally-occurring species 572 874 906 Planted only species 18 62 65 Native species (excluding plantings) 352 549 561 Non-native species (excluding plantings) 220 325 345 Number of L1 - L3 species (excluding plantings) 71 221 233 Number of L4 species (excluding plantings 122 153 153
4.5.2 Flora Species of Concern
Of the 906 naturally-occurring flora species recorded there are 233 (26%) vascular plant species of regional conservation concern (rank L1 to L3). Rouge Park South has seven L1, thirty-seven L2, and one hundred seventy-seven L3 species, making it one of the most flora-rich sites in the TRCA jurisdiction – rivalling some of the best sites on the Oak Ridges Moraine (e.g. East Duffins headwaters). An additional 153 species in the whole park are ranked L4 and these have intermediate sensitivity (see description of ranks in Section 3.0). Locations of flora species of regional concern are shown on Maps 12a and 12b. The ranks are based on sensitivity to human disturbance associated with development; and habitat dependence, as well as on rarity (TRCA 2010). In most cases, the species are not currently rare but are at risk of long-term decline due to the other criteria. The following discussion of sensitive flora and their conservation biology follows that of the criteria used to assess L-rank, starting with rarity and decline. The other criteria, habitat dependence and sensitivity to development, help to explain species sensitivity and can be used to plan recovery from or prevention of declines.
4.5.3 Rare Flora and Population Trends
Loss of native biodiversity is a large concern for the entire Rouge watershed (TRCA 2007f). In addition, Rouge Park South is on the edge of one of the richest and most endangered ecosystems in Canada, the Carolinian life zone (Varga et al. 1991). This zone is Ontario’s most threatened ecological region with over 500 rare species, many of which are species at risk (Carolinian Canada Coalition 2015).
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Current Conditions
There are 75 plants ranked L1 to L3 that score 4 or 5 for local occurrence (Appendix 2) and are regionally rare (found in 6 or fewer of the forty-four 10x10 km grid squares that cover the TRCA jurisdiction). In fact, there are 6 species at Rouge National Urban Park believed to occur nowhere else in the TRCA jurisdiction (Table 5).
Table 5: Identified TRCA flora species believed to be only found within Rouge National Urban Park
Scientific Name Common Name L Rank Astragalus canadensis Canada milk-vetch L1 Polygala senega Seneca snakeroot L1 Boechera canadensis sicklepod L2 Bromus pubescens Canada brome L2 Packera paupercula balsam ragwort L2 Platanus occidentalis sycamore L2
The first four species are associated with dry deciduous forests and tallgrass woodlands, while the balsam ragwort (first observed in 2010), is found in a low treed fen to the south of the Beare Road Landfill. Sycamore grows in the Rouge floodplain. Fourteen other species are known from only one or two other locations in the TRCA jurisdiction.
There are two federally-and-provincially designated flora Species at Risk in Rouge National Urban Park: ginseng (Panax quinquefolius) and butternut (Juglans cinerea). Both of these are considered endangered (COSEWIC 2014). American ginseng is still found in about six TRCA locations at the extreme west and east ends of the Oak Ridges Moraine in addition to the location in the Park. However, five of the records contain no more than five individuals each. It is at risk due to intense collection pressures for herbal medicine. Butternut is being severely attacked across the host range by the pathogen, butternut canker (Sirococcus clavigignenti-juglandacearum). The canker is an invasive alien species threatening the long-term viability of butternut. Butternut is still abundant in the TRCA jurisdiction but almost all surveyed trees are showing signs of the canker. A third Species at Risk, bashful bulrush (Trichophorum planifolium) is no longer present, while spike blazing-star (Liatris spicata) which is considered threatened, occurs only as introduced, planted populations.
Regionally rare species are found in a variety of habitats reflecting the extremely varied conditions (see Section 4.5.4). For example: New Jersey tea (Ceanothus americanus) was in dry semi-open oak woodlands; northern water-milfoil (Myriophyllum sibiricum) was on the coastal marsh and lakeshore; thin-leaved cotton-grass (Eriophorum viridi-carinatum) was in a fen; and rough hawthorn (Crataegus schuettei) was in semi-woody successional habitat.
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Historical Trends
There is some evidence of overall floristic changes in Rouge Park South where the inventory record spans over 40 years. The Ministry of Natural Resources and Forestry reported 543 native species (69%) and 239 non-native species (31%) (Varga et al. 1991). The TRCA figure for approximately the same area is 549 natives (63%) and 325 exotics (37%). This comparison suggests that the share of non-native species has increased even while native biodiversity is stable (Figure 5). This overall picture does not itself imply habitat degradation. It is necessary to look at what is happening to sensitive native species
Figure 5. Total number of native and exotic flora species recorded in Rouge Park South MNRF (left) and by TRCA (right)
Losses of Flora
There have been losses of numerous species and perilous declines of others that have been documented since the survey by Varga et al. (1991), including the endangered bashful bulrush. Of the two historically-known populations of this species in the Park, one of them has not been seen since the 1970s and the second since 2001. In 2005, TRCA staff looked specifically for this species (during its flowering time) along with other species of concern that had been previously found by MNRF between Twyn Rivers Drive and Highway 401. Bashful bulrush was not found during any surveys over the last decade, nor was many other species, such as pale vetchling – Lathyrus ochroleucus) with similar habitat requirements, i.e. dry woodland openings (TRCA 2006, OMNR 2010). Losses also include northern species (e.g. the club-mosses (Lycopodium dendroideum and Huperzia lucidula). In total, 39 L1 to L3 flora species are believed to have been extirpated since the early 1970s when surveys began (Appendix 3d).
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An additional 14 species are considered almost extirpated, with populations now restricted to one or a few plants. They are expected to disappear in the near future as such population levels are too low to be sustainable. For example, hairy aster (Symphyotrichum pilosum var. pilosum) was seen as a single plant on a gravelly open terrace amid dog-strangling vine in 2010 (Figure 6). The single remaining population of Canada milk-vetch (Astragalus canadensis) is larger, but is atop an eroding bluff with hiker impacts.
Figure 6. The last remaining hairy aster (Symphyotrichum pilosum var. pilosum) in Rouge National Urban Park (photo: TRCA, 2010).
Population trends can be estimated for certain species in the Glen Rouge Area. The three surveys of this area enable such a comparison for species that had locations mapped each time. Keeping in mind the variation a surveyor might have in judging what constitutes a mappable location, there does seem to be a noticeable decline in numbers of mapped locations for many sensitive species (Figure 7). Some of the species with fewer records nonetheless have large, thriving populations at some of the current locations, e.g. black-fruited mountain-rice (Oryzopsis racemosa). But their range within the Park may be shrinking.
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Figure 7. Number of mapped records for selected flora of conservation concern, 1980s to 2014 in the Glen Rouge Area
Many species of conservation concern have uncertain status: they are present or were present at the most recent survey, but no trend is clear. This may be due to their cryptic nature and/or lack of recent data (the Little Rouge Corridor in Rouge Park North has not been visited in 13 years).
Some species are inconspicuous and may have been missed during the last decade of TRCA surveys. If the location is not surveyed during flowering time, the plant can be very hard to find. For example, awned sedge (Carex atherodes) was found for the first time in 2014 even though it was in the heavily surveyed Glen Rouge Area. Other plants may reappear after an apparent absence, for example, when low lake levels expose mud flats and release the seed bank. Fragrant umbrella-sedge (Cyperus odoratus), matted spike-rush (Eleocharis intermedia), bushy cinquefoil (Potentilla paradoxa), and small beggar-ticks (Bidens discoidea) are all affected by annual changes in lake water levels. It is normal for populations of these species to fluctuate or disappear for a time and then reappear.
Counting both extant and extirpated species, there is a total of 272 species of regional conservation concern (rank L1 to L3) that have ever been recorded in Rouge National Urban Park. Of these, 39 are considered extirpated. This means a loss of 14% of the sensitive flora species
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over the past approximately 40 years, or about 3.5% decline per decade. The greatest losses may have occurred between 1990 and 2005, but the data are not sufficient to determine whether the rate of decline is consistent or accelerating.
Long-term declines in floristic diversity (i.e. on a multi-decadal scale), particularly of sensitive species, have been noted in other protected areas located in settled landscapes as in Thoreau’s observations of the area near Walden Pond, dating back into the 19th century (Primack et al. 2009). The declines near Walden Pond appear to have complex origins, involving factors such as climate change, invasive species, atmospheric deposition, and subtle changes in land-use. Protecting the land from development and setting it aside as a reserve is not sufficient. This leads one to examine some of the possible factors that are well known to contribute to species decline as they apply to Rouge National Urban Park.
4.5.4 Flora Species Habitat Dependence
All of the 233 flora species of concern found in Rouge National Urban Park can be considered habitat specialists, scoring 3 or more out of a possible 5 points for habitat dependence (Maps 13a and 13b). They are found in 7 or fewer vegetation cohorts (groupings of vegetation types with similar floristic characteristics) (TRCA 2010) and will not readily recover or colonize new areas when these habitats are lost or altered. This is particularly a concern when the habitats themselves are scarce, as is the case with tallgrass savannah or seepage fen. There are many different types of habitat in Rouge Park South from coastal beach to upland oak forest. The largest groupings of habitat specialists are in the savannah spectrum (which includes sand barren and tallgrass communities and also intergrades with some dry well-lit oak forests); deciduous forests, swamp (deciduous/thicket and mixed/coniferous), seepage fen, marsh and Great Lakes shoreline (beach and mudflat), coastal marsh, floodplains, and the mature forest. The greatest concentrations are in the savannah and fen communities, which are small and densely packed (Maps 13a and 13b). Roughly 40 specialist species have been found historically and currently in the savannah and barren communities; of these, 12 are extirpated largely due to the shrinkage, overgrowth, and isolation of these communities. Examples of savannah and barren species include the lost bashful bulrush as well as extant species such as Canada milk-vetch, big bluestem (Andropogon gerardii), slender umbrella-sedge (Cyperus lupulinus), white oak (Quercus alba), and Seneca snakeroot (Polygala senega) (Figure 8). A list of selected extant and extirpated specialists of oak savannah and a few other habitats is provided in Appendix 3e.
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Figure 8. Seneca snakeroot (Polygala senega), an oak savannah species (photo: TRCA, 2014)
Species of mature deciduous forests include spring ephemerals such as spring beauty (Claytonia caroliniana and C. virginica), and Dutchman’s breeches and squirrel-corn (Dicentra cucullaria and D. canadensis) as well as numerous sedges (Carex spp.) and ferns such as maidenhair fern (Adiantum pedatum). Deciduous forest extends along the valley through the Toronto Zoo property where additional species such as Goldie’s wood fern (Dryopteris goldiana) can be found. Where there is a more coniferous component, more northern species such as star-flower (Trientalis borealis) and rose-twisted stalk (Streptopus roseus) can be found.
Swamps with woody vegetation have a suite of associated flora such as showy lady’s slipper (Cypripedium reginae), Tuckerman’s sedge (Carex tuckermanii), and Clinton’s wood fern (Dryopteris clintoniana).
The Rouge Marsh and constructed wetlands such as Beare Road Wetlands have emergent vegetation for example: water arum (Calla palustris), swamp candles (Lysimachia terrestris), and
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blue flag (Iris versicolor). Aquatic species include northern water-milfoil, tuberous water-lily (Nymphaea odorata ssp. tuberosa), and common bladderwort (Utricularia vulgaris). There are also 15-20 flora of conservation concern associated with the seepage fens; these include two species of ladies’-tresses orchid (Spiranthes cernua and S. lucida), slender gerardia (Agalinis tenuifolia), Richardson’s rush (Juncus alpinoarticulatus) and fringed gentian (Gentianopsis crinita) (Figure 9).
Figure 9. Fringed gentian (Gentianopsis crinita), a species of seepage fens. (Photo: TRCA, 2014)
Several species are restricted to the beach along the Lake Ontario shoreline and nearby mudflats (occasionally inland). Examples include sea rocket (Cakile edentula), bushy cinquefoil (Potentilla supina ssp. paradoxa) and fragrant umbrella-sedge. Angelica (Angelica atropurpurea), though geographically restricted in the TRCA jurisdiction, is abundant on the floodplains; successional areas have a large number of hawthorn species.
Given that the Park straddles the Carolinian and Great Lakes – St. Lawrence life zones, it is of particular interest to divide habitat specialists into those with southern affinities and those with
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northern affinities (Varga et al. 1991). Northern species’ ranges terminate just south of the lower Great Lakes. Currently, only one northern species, balsam fir (Abies balsamea) (rank a borderline L4) has its southern range limit in Rouge Park South. A second species, hobblebush (Viburnum lantanoides), was last recorded in Rouge Park South in 1989 and also was at its range limit, just coming into the eastern half of Ontario. It is now believed that only 23 of the 36 northern species of concern remain (Appendix 3e).
Many of the species with southern affinities are Carolinian species at or near the northern edge of their range such as hillside blueberry (Vaccinium pallidum) and are concentrated on south-facing slopes in oak forests. The Ministry of Natural Resources and Forestry lists 20 southern species that TRCA now considers of regional conservation concern (Varga et al. 1991) with TRCA including 1-2 others (Appendix 3e). Four of these species are extirpated from the Park and at least three more have their population numbers down to only a few individuals.
4.5.5 Flora Species Sensitivity to Development
The Rouge National Urban Park is a reserve that is subject to increased levels of impacts due to the surrounding urban and agricultural land uses and its proximity to a large pool of park users. These impacts on flora deserve a closer look. All but four of the Park’s 233 flora species of concern are sensitive to development, being vulnerable to at least one kind of disturbance that is associated with land-use changes (Maps 8a and 8b). TRCA has identified 7 impacts affecting flora in the jurisdiction, most of which are deleterious to native flora but a couple of which can benefit some species; the score for sensitivity to development ranges from 1 to 5 (TRCA 2010). Sensitive species score 3 or more, so declines are most likely from multiple factors.
The Park already receives thousands of visitors each year. The heavy human traffic results in disturbances caused by trampling and sometimes picking and seed movement. Trampling can slowly wipe out populations of species of concern or enable invasive species to replace more sensitive species which are often less tolerant of compacted soils and repeated trampling. Off- leash dogs in the Glen Rouge and Woodlands Areas increase trampling impacts (Figure 10).
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Figure 10. Trampling of rose-twisted stalk (Streptopus lanceolatus var. lanceolatus) (L3) and several other plants adjacent to the trail, in the Glen Rouge Area (photo: TRCA, 2014)
Trampling is particularly a problem in forest and savannah communities as well as on the popular beach at the mouth of the Rouge River. Invasive non-native species can be introduced to areas through visitors’ footwear and pets. Some of the Park’s most high-ranking species such as rock polypody fern (Polypodium virginianum) and low-bush blueberry (Vaccinium angustifolium) occur immediately adjacent to poorly-controlled trails. (The trails may help to keep an area open and free of shading overgrowth but the trampling also endangers the plant).
In places, notably the forests of the floristically-rich Glen Rouge Area, the problem is exacerbated by adjacent residents who expand their backyards into the park, encroaching on it with yard waste dumping, trails and landscaping. The most extreme case observed was in a mature hemlock mixed forest in the Glen Rouge Area, where an extensive area was turned into a stunt bike playground (Figure 11).
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Figure 11. Stunt bike playground in the Glen Rouge Area (photo: TRCA, 2014)
A related situation is the collection of plants for transplanting into gardens, edible, or herbal use. American ginseng is the most obvious example, but others may be subject to herbal use, such as Seneca snakeroot (NatureServe 2012). The showy Michigan lily (Lilium michiganense), and orchids such as showy orchis (Galearis spectabilis) – which hasn’t been seen since 1984, could be subject to collection for gardens. Even less sensitive species such as wild leek (Allium tricoccum) (L4) and ostrich fern (Matteucia struthiopteris) can be at risk from wild edibles collectors.
Habitat fragmentation has led to increased populations of herbivores such as white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus), that have had significant impacts in the Park. Evidence of deer browse - stunted plants or very thin covering of forest floor plants - was observed in almost every TRCA forest survey. Although deer are active throughout the Park, the heaviest pressure seems to be in Rouge Park South, from the Finch Meander and Woodland Areas down to the Glen Rouge Area. Palatable species such as fringed gentian (Gentianopsis crinita), Indian cucumber-root (Medeola virginiana), trilliums (Trillium grandiflorum and T. erectum) and saplings of hemlock (Tsuga
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canadensis) can be heavily affected. Smaller herbivores such as grey squirrel (Sciurius caroliniensis) can affect tree regeneration, although coyotes (Canis latrans) are helping to control populations of smaller mammals and possibly deer fawns.
Some open or semi-open communities require dynamic processes to maintain conditions for certain plants. The best example is the need for fire by species found in dry oak forest openings or prairie remnants, such as yellow pimpernel (Taenidia integerrima) and blueberries. Varga et al. (1991) present evidence of historic fires, including accounts from early residents. One such savannah species, hairy beardtongue (Penstemon hirsutus) was extremely abundant in the 19th century and had dwindled to two observed populations by 2014 (see Figure 7, Section 4.5.3). In addition to the fire-dependent savannah species, the beach species such as sea rocket and seaside spurge (Euphorbia polygonifolia) require active erosion and deposition of lake sands.
Those species associated with seepage swamps or cool mixed and coniferous forests on north- facing slopes, such as yellow birch, dwarf enchanter’s nightshade (Circaea alpina), and winterberry (Ilex verticillata), are vulnerable to hydrological changes. These can occur from habitat fragmentation, opening small patches to drying winds and sun, as is the situation with the highly agricultural areas of Rouge Park North. Diversion of water or stream flow regime changes often result from development nearby. Upstream development adds large amounts of sediment to the watercourses and hardened surfaces increases runoff. The cumulative effect of this is changing the landscape of the Park. Bank erosion is occurring more intensely and tableland is falling into the river in large pieces. The exposed edges of forest that are at risk of eroding away are home to some of the rarest species in the Park, such as New Jersey tea and Canada milk-vetch.
Urban and agricultural runoff also involves nutrient and salt inputs that can affect the wetlands and bottomland: notably the coastal Rouge Marsh. These alterations are likely related to the disappearance from the marsh of wild rice (Zizania palustris) (last seen in 1980), swamp rose (Rosa palustris) (last seen in 1988) and short-awned foxtail (Alopecurus aequalis). Woodlots in Rouge Park North could also be affected. One insidious source of nutrient input that would affect the entire area is atmospheric nitrate deposition from air pollution; this can affect the hardiness and survivability of native plants which are adapted to natural conditions of relatively low nitrogen availability (Brys et al. 2005, Sauer 1998). The ericaceous plants found in some of the oak woodland communities, such as the blueberries and wintergreen (Gaultheria procumbens) require acidic, low-nutrient soils (i.e. well-leached fine sands). Soil disturbance is associated with increased alkalinity and carbonates closer to the surface. This is natural in floodplain situations but not in upland woodland communities. In general, the increased fertility caused by deposition from air pollution and storm water runoff favours rapidly-growing invasive exotics and weedy native species at the expense of conservative or sensitive species.
The list of impacts affecting the Park is similar to those implicated for flora conservation near Boston (Drayton and Primack 1996, Primack et al. 2009) and eastern North American forests generally (Sauer 1998). One exception is that fire is an apparent contributor to decline near Boston while lack of fire is more of a problem in the Toronto area.
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A final major impact to contend with, and one that is largely encouraged by the abovementioned disturbances, is the spread of invasive species.
4.5.6 Invasive Species
Rouge National Urban Park has significant infestations of invasive exotic plants. There are numerous exotic species, but only a handful of them become invasive threats to ecosystem integrity. Dog-strangling vine is the most serious invasive plant where it dominates the ground layer in a large portion of vegetation community polygons. Most abundant in Rouge Park South, dog-strangling vine is a threat to almost any vegetation community that is not wetland or mature forest, including areas that are not otherwise disturbed. Many of the vulnerable and extirpated species at the Park are in sites overwhelmed by this plant (see for example Figure 3, Section 4.4.2). It is able to invade and dominate due to its prolific seed production, high seed viability, and competitive growth (TRCA 2008a). At present, there are no effective control measures for large populations such as occur in parts of Rouge Park South, although wick application of glyphosate herbicide can be effective in small areas in order to protect specific populations of sensitive species. The City of Toronto has been doing this labour-intensive activity in High Park and elsewhere with some success (TRCA 2008a). The best hope to control dog-strangling vine is through a regional biological control program, for which the leaf-eating moth Hypena opulenta is the most promising. The moth was released in 2014 in Ottawa and on the Carden Alvar near Orillia, with caged trials occurring at Scarborough Campus, University of Toronto (on Highland Creek) (Smith 2014).
Garlic mustard (Alliaria petiolata) and dame’s rocket (Hesperis matronalis) are locally abundant, especially in floodplain forests. These mustard species tend to out-compete native ground vegetation, especially when combined with other disturbances such as trampling or loss of the soil litter layer. Hedge parsleys (Torilis spp) and Himalayan balsam (Impatiens glandulifera) are emerging as invasive species with similar habits and occur sporadically. As with dog-strangling vine, control of large populations is generally not feasible. However, biological control is promising in the medium-term, and one weevil already present in southern Ontario appears to be spontaneously adapting to attack garlic mustard (Yates and Murphy 2008).
Shrub honeysuckles (Lonicera x bella complex) are abundant across the Park, especially south and east of the Toronto Zoo where they were planted in the 1970s. They have become more abundant than native understorey shrubs in many of the forest and successional areas. European buckthorn (Rhamnus cathartica) and to a lesser extent glossy buckthorn (Frangula alnus) are having a similar effect. European buckthorn is extremely abundant in Rouge Park North, where it tends to out-compete native successional shrubs and small trees such as hawthorns or Canada plum (Prunus nigra). Glossy buckthorn is a potential threat to fens. Autumn olive (Elaeagnus umbellata) can spread into sand barrens and open areas.
Oriental bittersweet (Celastrus orbiculatus) is sporadically distributed across the Park. This woody vine is abundant at a few locations along the Scarborough waterfront to the west, for example Guild Inn, Greyabbey Park, and East Point Park (TRCA 2012b). It has likely colonized the Park
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from there, and has the potential to become a major problem. Oriental bittersweet is closely related to the native American bittersweet (Celastrus scandens), an L3 species, but is more aggressive. The two species hybridize, and the invader’s genes dominate.
Certain ornamental plants have spread from old estates and residences both north and south of Steeles Avenue. Some of these species include lily-of-the valley (Convallaria majalis), Japanese knotweed (Polygonum cuspidatum), goutweed (Aegopodium podagraria) and periwinkle (Vinca minor). Swaths of these species are invading the forest ground layer near a former campground at the Woodlands Area and in some woodlots north of Steeles Avenue (TRCA 2015a). There is a high risk that these will continue to spread and further disrupt the biodiversity of high-quality habitats. Likewise, Norway maple (Acer platanoides) and multiflora rose (Rosa multiflora), originating from horticultural plantings, move into native forests in the ravine and tablelands.
Wetlands in the Park have their own suite of invasive species. Common reed and occasionally eulalia (Miscanthus sacchariflorus) are abundant on some of the riparian bars and small marshes, though they tend to be in localized patches. Common reed is a threat to wetland areas in Upper Petticoat Creek (part of Rouge Park North) (TRCA 2015a), as well as the Beare Road wetlands and other wetland projects. Purple loosestrife (Lythrum salicaria) has been reduced by beetles introduced for biological control purposes, although there are sporadic surges in population when beetle numbers are down. Hybrid cattail (Typha x glauca) has largely replaced native broad- leaved cattail (T. latifolia) in the Rouge Marsh and elsewhere. This is largely the result of disturbance and increased nutrients.
Invasive pests and diseases are another concern. These pathogens range from emerald ash borer (Agrilus plannipennis) to Dutch elm disease (Ophiostoma spp). Emerald ash borer is likely to have a huge impact rivalling that of dog-strangling vine in many places such as swamps in the Upper Petticoat Creek and Townline Swamp. By killing off the red ash (Fraxinus pennsylvanica) which is the most abundant tree at these sites, it will alter many of the habitats. The drastic canopy opening will release many of the invasive species already present in and nearby these sites. In particular, deciduous swamps now dominated by red ash are likely to degrade into open areas dominated by reed canary grass, common reed, and buckthorn. Where they occur near trails, dead ash trees will present hazards to park users.
Butternut canker is the sole reason for butternut being identified as an endangered species; this threat overwhelms the fact that butternut is otherwise a resilient habitat generalist.
4.5.7 Plantings
The Park has had extensive plantings and restoration projects since about 2000. Thirty-five native species occur only as plantings; of these, 15 seem to be established and regenerating. Most of the plantings encountered were in Rouge Park South; the areas in Rouge Park North such as Bob Hunter Park were not surveyed, having been planted largely after inventory work was done in this area (2002).
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There are three main types of planting observed: a) general reforestation plantings mostly of trees but with a few shrubs and wildflowers; b) intensive prairie-type plantings with a larger number of grass and wildflower species; and c) wetland projects.
Reforestation plantings are widespread, with a mix of a few common native conifers and deciduous trees; a few trees of conservation concern have been included such as sycamore (Platanus occidentalis) which has one small existing native population in the Park outside the 2014 survey area.
The most comprehensive prairie type planting is located at the southeast corner of Twyn Rivers Drive and Sheppard Avenue, the former site of the Glen Eagles Hotel, while smaller plantings occur interspersed with reforestation areas and wetland projects (for mapped locations of planted species please refer to TRCA 2014). The main species involved are big bluestem grass, Indian grass (Sorghastrum nutans), and ox-eye (Heliopsis helianthoides). Although all three are native in the TRCA jurisdiction, only big bluestem has naturally-occurring populations in the Park. Prairie plantings include smaller numbers of species of high conservation concern such as upland white goldenrod (Solidago ptarmicoides), Virginia mountain-mint (Pycnanthemum virginianum), and spike blazing-star. Spike blazing-star is a Species at Risk (threatened); there is one probably- natural population in the TRCA jurisdiction at East Point Park (TRCA 2012b).
The largest wetland project is the Beare Road Wetland with an extensive network of ponds and marshes (see Figure 4, Section 4.4.2). Smaller wetlands occur elsewhere in the reforestation areas. Some of these, such as the Reesor Pond, have not been subject to botanical surveys. Wetland species of concern in these plantings include tuberous white water-lily (Nymphaea odorata ssp. tuberosa), sweet flag (Acorus americanus) and green-fruited bur-reed (Sparganium emersum). Beare Road Wetland is overall a successful and attractive restoration project.
Some of the plantings include species native to Carolinian Ontario but not to the Park or the TRCA jurisdiction. Tulip tree (Liriodendron tulipifera) and swamp white oak (Quercus bicolor) are examples of the former, while spike blazing-star, stiff goldenrod (Solidago rigida), and upland white goldenrod (S. ptarmicoides) have no recorded original populations from the Park though were or are native to Toronto. There are also four extirpated species that have been re-planted back into the Park: wild rice, sweet flag, swamp rose, and hoary vervain (Verbena stricta). The appropriateness of such plantings depends on the situation. Swamp white oak is probably not appropriate for restoring natural historic communities in the Park, whereas upland white goldenrod probably is: this species is most likely traceable to a seed source within Toronto (Humber Valley) which has now been destroyed. Hence its progeny at the Park and other restoration projects are the only survivors of that original population. On the other hand, the spike blazing-star is not necessarily from a local seed source and the introduced genotypes may outnumber the population at East Point Park. Many of the sycamores are also of indeterminate seed source, and have been planted in upland fields, instead of in their natural floodplain habitat.
The success of these plantings is sometimes threatened by the rapid growth of invasive species such as common reed, dog-strangling vine and garlic mustard (Figure 12). Due attention should
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be paid to seed source, habitat conditions, and site preparation and maintenance to ensure success.
Figure 12. Restoration project (closed trail and planting) overrun with garlic mustard (photo: TRCA, 2014).
4.6 Fauna Species Findings for Rouge National Urban Park
4.6.1 Fauna Species Representation
The TRCA fauna surveys at Rouge National Urban Park documented a total of 155 possible breeding vertebrate fauna species in the last decade. This total is composed of 112 breeding birds, 24 mammals, and 19 herpetofauna documented during formal TRCA surveys and augmented by verified incidental observations. An additional 11 species can be added from TRCA records dating back to the 1980s, with an additional 10 bird species and a single report (1987) of western chorus frog (Pseudacris triseriata). This total ranks above some of the highest quality sites within the TRCA jurisdiction; for example, the inventory report for the East Duffins Headwaters,
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covering the decade 2000 – 2009, lists 131 breeding fauna species. Refer to Appendix 4 for a list of the fauna species in Rouge National Urban Park and their corresponding L-ranks.
TRCA protocol for fauna inventories imposes a 10 year threshold for all data, whereby any data points mapped prior to the previous 10 years are archived and not considered current observations. This threshold is imposed because of the rapid rate of development in landscape within the jurisdiction and the expectation that fauna distribution will change rapidly in response to such landscape changes.
The overall list for the entire area that is now the Rouge National Urban Park (from 19th Avenue to the lake shore) across all years stands at an impressive 193 breeding vertebrate fauna species. This same total for the period prior to 2005 was 175 species. Both of these figures include the 1991 Ecological Survey (Varga et al. 1991), and many historical records, although the 1991 inventory only covered the area to the south of Steeles Avenue. The most recent species list, compiled for the entire Park, and covering the decade from 2005 to 2014, stands at 155 species suggesting an overall loss of almost 20 breeding species over the period prior to 2005. It is important when comparing temporally that the areas investigated are either the same or comparable. With this in mind, it is perhaps more appropriate to look closer at the species composition of the lists from the 2 periods.
Looking more closely at the MNRF inventory it is apparent that several species in the 1991 document were included even though said species are known not to breed within the actual recording area. The MNRF document adhered very rigidly to the Ontario Breeding Bird Atlas protocol regarding the lowest level of breeding evidence, such that even species that were known not to nest within the area were included as “possible breeders” as long as suitable habitat was available. Thus, great blue heron (Ardea herodias) has been included in the MNRF list even though all observations were likely of individuals that were nesting in the heronry just east of the 1991 study area; the herons listed in the more recent TRCA inventory are those birds nesting in the new heronry several miles north of the 1991 study area, but still within the Park (TRCA 2014a). Such examples are duly recognised in the text of the MNRF document and include species such as osprey (Pandion haliaetus) and purple martin (Progne subis). Note also that additional species were included in the MNRF species list which were simply observed during the breeding season but were not showing any evidence of breeding (including summering non-breeders such as common loon, Gavia immer, and long-tailed duck, Clangula hyemalis) – these latter species, however, were not included in the final MNRF tally.
Species that were included in the MNRF list for the 1991 document which were not subsequently recorded during the decade of TRCA observations from 2005 to 2014 are listed in Appendix 5. A total of 21 bird species are identified in this list as apparent extirpations. A selection of these species is shown in Table 6. Closer inspection of the MNRF document reveals that in fact several of the “extirpated” songbird species were reported only very sporadically (e.g. yellow-throated vireo, Vireo flaviventris, and black-throated blue warbler, Setophaga caerulescens). The most significant decline is probably that which has been well-documented in the Rouge Marsh, with the loss or near loss of at least 3 significant wetland bird species. This decline is even more dramatic
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when the numbers of individuals involved are considered: the declines in both black tern (Chlidonias niger) and common gallinule (Gallinula galeata) since the 1973 counts were precipitous (35 and 62 pairs respectively). The further decline since 1990 simply served to finally remove black tern as a local breeding bird, and to reduce common gallinule to a lone pair nesting in the created wetland along Reesor Road – the population in the Rouge Marsh appears to have crashed.
Table 6: Some significant extirpated bird species at Rouge National Urban Park
Habitat Species Scientific Name L- Last Type rank Documented Wetland American bittern Botaurus lentiginosus L2 1973(OMNR) Wetland black tern Chlidonias niger LX 1990(OMNR) Wetland Wilson’s snipe Gallinago delicata L2 2003 (TRCA) Meadow northern harrier Circus cyaneus L3 2003(TRCA) Meadow loggerhead shrike Lanius ludovicianus LX 1966(OMNR) Meadow grasshopper sparrow Ammodramus savannarum L2 1990(OMNR) Forest red-shouldered hawk Buteo lineatus L2 1985(OMNR) Forest whip-poor-will Caprimulgas vociferus L1 1990(OMNR) Forest red-headed woodpecker Melanerpes erythrocephalus L3 1983(OMNR) Forest yellow-bellied sapsucker Sphyrapicus varius L3 1983(OMNR) Forest black-and-white warbler Mniotilta varia L2 2003(TRCA) Forest black-throated blue warbler Setophaga caerulescens L3 1983(OMNR) Forest northern waterthrush Parkesia noveboracensis L3 2004(TRCA) Forest white-throated sparrow Zonotrichia albicollis L3 1990(OMNR)
It should also be noted that local extirpations indicated in Table 6 include bird species (grasshopper sparrow and northern harrier) that are dependent on relatively large areas of open habitat. Since the past few decades have seen many such areas within the Park planted for reforestation then it is to be expected that the associated species will gradually decline within the area.
Further comparison between the two data sets can be made using the TRCA’s L-ranks. It becomes apparent, once the species lists are broken down by L-rank, that although the number of lower ranked species reported from Rouge Park South has remained fairly constant, higher ranked species (i.e. the more sensitive species) have declined dramatically (Figure 13). Two species – black tern and loggerhead shrike (Lanius ludovicianus) – that are now considered extirpated from the region have been treated as L1 species in the comparison.
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Figure 13: Comparison between the numbers of bird species of different L-rank at Rouge National Urban Park, pre-2005 and post-2005.
Mammal declines are much more difficult to identify since the TRCA inventory surveys are designed primarily as a rapid assessment of breeding bird populations; mammal records are therefore somewhat incidental. Nevertheless, the 24 species reported by the TRCA for the period 2005 to 2014 compares fairly well with the 28 species listed in the MNRF report since 2 of the species in the earlier list are bats (the TRCA has almost no information on bats in the area), and 3 of the species are small mammals which generally require capture (and often voucher specimens) for identification. One very positive note is the recent (2009 to 2012) observation of up to three river otters (Lutra canadensis) within Rouge Park South, a species that had not been reported in the area since the 1950s.
Likewise, at least in terms of species richness, the herpetofauna of Rouge National Urban Park appear to be holding their own, but with four notable losses. Blue-spotted salamanders (Ambystoma laterale) appear to have been locally extirpated; however recent work by the Ontario Road Ecology Group (OREG 2010) has documented road-kill spotted salamander (Ambystoma maculatum) near the junction of Reesor Road and Old Finch Avenue. Blue-spotted salamanders were reported from the Little Rouge Creek valley near the former Valhalla Estate in 1990 but have not been reported since then. No surveys for these species have been conducted by the TRCA within this study area boundary so they may be present in other wetland areas. A somewhat more dramatic decline has occurred in the population of western chorus frogs (Pseudacris triseriata) which was formerly considered common in the Park. There have been no reports of this species in the past decade of TRCA surveys. Mudpuppy (Necturus maculosus) and northern watersnake (Nerodia sipedon) both feature in the OMNR document but have not been reported since 1991
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and 1990 respectively. On a positive note, a new species – pickerel frog (Lithobates palustris) – was reported by John Urquhart, working for Ontario Nature, from the large pond to the west of the Finch-Pickering Townline (2009, pers comm.).
4.6.2 Fauna Species of Concern
Fauna species, like vegetation communities and flora species, are considered of regional concern if they rank L1 to L3 based on their scores for the seven criteria mentioned in Section 3.2. Since the subject site is situated largely within what are now the urban and urbanizing zones this report also considers those fauna species ranked as L4, i.e. those species that are of concern in urban landscapes. This is a proactive, preventive approach, identifying where conservation efforts need to be made before a species becomes rare. It should be noted however, that earlier inventories, particularly those located in the northern portion of the Park (e.g. Little Rouge Corridor, inventoried in 2002), mapped only L1 to L3 species. Any comparisons between different sections of the study area and between different years need to take this into account. As indicated in the interim report (TRCA 2014) the only entirely valid comparison that can be made between different years is between the 2005 and 2014 inventories conducted in Glen Rouge/Block G (the section between Twyn Rivers Drive and Kingston Road).
Fauna surveys and TRCA staff observations over the past decade at Rouge National Urban Park reported 79 bird species of either regional or urban concern (L1 to L4), including thirty-six L3 and seven L2 species. In addition, there were nineteen L1 to L4 ranked herpetofauna (including the L1 ranked spotted salamander, and Blanding’s turtle, Emydoidea blandingii) and nineteen L1 to L4 ranked mammal species (including the L1 ranked river otter and L2 ranked northern flying squirrel, Glaucomys sabrinus), bringing the total to 117 fauna species of either regional or urban concern (Table 7). Locations of these breeding fauna are depicted on Maps 14a and 14b.
Table 7: Summary of fauna species, Rouge National Urban Park, 2005 – 2014
# L1–L3: Species of # L4: Species of Total # L1-L4: Species of Fauna species Regional Concern Urban Concern Regional or Urban Concern birds 112 43 36 79 herps 19 15 4 19 mammals 24 6 13 19 Total 155 64 53 117
Local occurrence is one of seven scoring criteria for fauna species and is based on TRCA data and information from the Natural Heritage Information Centre (NHIC) of the Ministry of Natural Resources and Forestry (NHIC 2008). Using local occurrence as a measure of regional rarity, any species that is reported as a probable or confirmed breeder in fewer than 10 of the forty-four 10x10 km grid squares in the TRCA jurisdiction is considered regionally rare (i.e. scores three to five points for this criterion) (TRCA 2010). At Rouge National Urban Park over the past decade a total of 27 breeding vertebrate fauna species that are considered regionally rare have been
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reported, including 14 species that have been reported from fewer than 5 of the forty-four 10x10 km grid squares that make up the region.
As is the case with flora, most regionally rare fauna species have other associated factors that explain their vulnerability and need to be taken into account in conservation strategies. The 27 “rarities” reported by the TRCA from Rouge National Urban Park over the past decade consist of a diverse set of species that are regionally scarce for a variety of reasons. The 14 bird species include 7 wetland dependent species, a reflection of both the general scarcity of high quality wetland habitat across the region, and the persistence of such habitat within the Park. Previously, the most important wetland was undoubtedly the Rouge Marsh, south of Hwy 401, but as indicated by comparison with historic data, this wetland has deteriorated considerably from a fauna perspective, to the extent that the recently created wetland at Reesor Road and Finch Avenue now accommodates several significant species that have not been reported from the Rouge Marsh in the past decade. Pied-billed grebe (Podilymbus podiceps), common gallinule (Gallinulus galeata), American coot (Fulica Americana) and least bittern (Ixobrychus exilis), have all been reported as possible or confirmed breeders at the Reesor Road wetland, while none of these were reported from the Rouge Marsh during the 2009 survey.
Figure 14. Pied-billed grebes have successfully nested at the created Reesor Road wetland in recent years (Photo: TRCA, 2014).
Five of the remaining seven “rare” bird species comprise two recent new-comers to the region (common raven, Corvus corax, and merlin, Falco columbarius); two sporadic regional breeders
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which have been reported only once each as possible breeders in the Park (sedge wren, Cistothorus platensis, and pine siskin, Carduelis pinus); and a colonial nester (great blue heron – 1 of only about 12 colonies in the region). The final 2 bird species are Carolina wren (Thryothorus ludovicianus) and purple martin (Progne subis). The latter is a species which seems to be barely maintaining a regional population, possibly for much the same reasons as the species’ general continental decline (alongside many other aerial foragers). Purple martins are entirely dependent on the human provision of nesting opportunities and such provisions are few and far between within the region. Carolina wren on the other hand is a species which for a while in the late 90s appeared to be poised to undergo a significant expansion of its historically more southern range into the ravines of Toronto. However, the spread seems to have faltered somewhat and the species is currently pretty much restricted to the lake-shore and the lower reaches of some of the ravines (including the riparian corridor of the lower Rouge River).
The 8 mammals within the list of the 27 “rare” fauna include the only 2 mole species – hairy-tailed mole (Parascalops breweri) and star-nosed mole (Condylura cristata) - that occur widely within southern Ontario (Dobbyn 1994), together with 4 other species that are almost certainly somewhat more abundant than the TRCA records suggest. The TRCA’s inventory protocol is designed primarily as a rapid assessment, using audio clues, and therefore targets the majority of bird species and all frogs and toads. All other species are reported on an incidental basis and, as such, many small mammals – mice, moles and bats especially - are under-recorded. In the case of the mole species, most of the reports are of dead animals, primarily along trails where it is speculated the densely compacted earth has forced the animals above ground where they are exposed to stress and predation.
The two other mammals on the list are probably more accurately indicated as regional rarities. Reports of river otter from the eastern one third of the region increased between 2009 and 2012 with several reports from the lower Rouge watershed. It is uncertain how many individuals comprise these repeated sightings (including the discovery of a road-killed animal in the spring of 2011 on the eastern edge of the Park). However, reports have not been received over the past two years and it is likely that the spike in occurrences referred to just one family which has now perhaps moved on (possibly east to the Duffin’s watershed).
Northern flying squirrel was confirmed in the lower reaches of the Park by the MNRF in 2005. The animals were trapped in the most extensive patch of upland deciduous forest in Rouge Park South and it is possible that this may be the only site at which the species persists in the Park. Again, as far as the regional status is concerned, the nocturnal habits of this species means that it may be somewhat under-reported, however, it is highly unlikely that the species has managed to maintain a presence anywhere else in the City of Toronto since it appears the species is highly susceptible to predation by domestic cats (Felis catus) (George 1974, Mitchell 1992).
Five species of herpetofauna reported in the period 2005 to 2014 are also regionally restricted to fewer than five of the forty-four 10x10 km grid squares. Blanding’s turtle has been well- documented in recent years as part of the Toronto Zoo/Rouge Park initiative associated with the created and restored wetlands to the east of the zoo. The origins of the individuals reported from
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these wetlands is a little uncertain although archival reports (from 1982 and 1990) exist from three well-separated locations throughout Rouge Park South. A second turtle species, common map turtle (Graptemys geographica), was reported in 2006 from the Rouge Marshes by Toronto Zoo staff, and again by TRCA staff in the most recent inventory, but this time from a rarely visited stretch of the Rouge River to the north of the zoo. A third herpetofauna species record is based on a report from a member of the public who in 2006 called in an observation of several smooth green snakes (Opheodrys vernalis) from the meadow to the east of Meadowvale Road, north of Zoo Road. This is one of only three known locations for this species in the region. The OREG road-kill surveys within the Park in 2010 documented two dead spotted salamanders, Reesor Road, north of Old Finch Avenue); and finally a single report of pickerel frog from the pond at Finch-Pickering Townline in 2009 constituted the first regional record of a species which is otherwise considered relatively common elsewhere in southern Ontario.
Three of the species described above are also listed as Species at Risk at both the Federal and Provincial levels: least bittern, Blanding’s turtle and common map turtle (Threatened, Endangered and Special Concern respectively at both levels).
Sensitivity to development is another criterion used to determine the L-rank of fauna species. A large number of impacts that result from local land use, both urban and agricultural, can affect the local fauna. These impacts – considered separately from the issue of actual habitat loss – can be divided into two distinct categories. The first category involves changes that arise from local urbanization that directly affect the breeding habitat of the species in question. These changes alter the composition and structure of the vegetation communities; for example, the clearing and manicuring of the habitat (e.g. by removal of dead wood and clearance of shrub understory). The second category of impacts involves changes that directly affect individuals of the species in question. Examples include increased predation from an increase in the local population of predator species that thrive alongside human developments (e.g. blue jays, Cyanocitta cristata; American crows, Corvus brachyrhynchos; squirrels, raccoons, Procyon lotor, and domestic cats); parasitism (from facilitating the access of brown-headed cowbirds, Molothrus ater, a species which prefers more open, edge-type habitat); competition (for nest-cavities with bird species such as house sparrows, Passer domesticus; and European starlings, Sturnus vulgaris); flushing (causing disturbance and abandonment of nests) and, sensitivity to pesticides.
Fauna species are considered to have a high sensitivity to development if they score three or more points (out of a possible five) for this criterion. At Rouge National Urban Park, 88 of the species that are ranked L1 to L4 receive this score and are therefore considered sensitive to one or more of the impacts associated with development (Maps 9a and 9b). This number constitutes a significant proportion (75%) of all species considered to be of regional and and/or urban concern.
To have such a high number of sensitive species in an area that is situated largely within the urban and suburban landscape of the City of Toronto is remarkable. However, it is important to also consider not just the species richness but also the representation. Although the Park fares very well in regards to species richness in comparison to more rural sites such as Glen Major and Goodwood Conservation Area (both extensive properties in the north east of the TRCA
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jurisdiction), the same cannot be said when considering species representation. Highly sensitive ground-nesting species such as ovenbird (Seiurus aurocapillus) (Figure 15) and veery (Catharus fuscescens) which are extremely susceptible to ground-borne disturbances associated with local urban landscapes – free-roaming pets, increased numbers of subsidized predators, informal trail creation – both occur but in numbers that are far smaller than at sites such as Glen Major. It is easy to imagine how it would only take a very small increase in the intensity of such disturbance to dissuade these species from attempting to nest in the Park. It seems that already certain sensitive ground-nesting species that were reported in the 1991 MNRF document are no longer breeding in the Park, for example, white-throated sparrow (Zonotrichia albicollis) and whip-poor-will (Caprimulgus vociferus). Species such as black-and-white warbler and Canada warbler which were cited as possible breeding species in the MNRF document are also ground-nesters and as such it is highly unlikely that they would be able to persist as breeding species if they were ever to actually attempt nesting.
Figure 15. Ovenbird, a ground-nesting species, has shown significant decline in the Park, particularly in forest patches south of Steeles Avenue (photo: Paul Prior, 2014)
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All of the birds named so far are forest species. The effect of ground-borne disturbance is even more problematic for meadow fauna communities which include species such as eastern meadowlark (Sturnella magna), bobolink (Dolichonyx oryzivorus) and savannah sparrow (Passerculus sandwichensis). Such communities are completely disrupted by even relatively low levels of such disturbance since the habitat has no higher layers of vegetation to which animals can retreat when disturbed. The apparent decline in meadow species – with the loss of significant species such as northern harrier (Circus cyaneus) and grasshopper sparrow (Ammodramus savannarum), and declines in classic meadow birds such as bobolink and eastern meadowlark (both of which are listed as Species at Risk) – may simply be due to the lack of surveys conducted within the past decade in the more agricultural rural portion to the north of Steeles Avenue. This information gap needs to be filled as soon as possible so that steps can be taken if there has indeed been a guild-wide decline. The forest at the Park still supports good numbers of higher canopy species: scarlet tanagers (Piranga olivaceus), red-eyed vireo (Vireo olivaceus), and pine warbler (Dendroica pinus), and it is likely that this richness and representation can persist even as visitor pressure mounts. On the other hand once the ground-nesting and low-scrub nesting species have been pushed out of their meadow habitats, there is very little left to maintain the fauna quality of the meadow habitat. The fauna meadow habitats in urban locations quickly become very low quality.
All 19 of the herpetofauna species of regional conservation concern and over 50% of the mammal species of conservation concern score high for sensitivity to development. Rouge National Urban Park is the last refuge for several herpetofauna species in the City of Toronto, many having already been extirpated not only by the habitat loss that comes with urbanization but also through the cumulative effect of decades of negative matrix influence. Spring peeper (Pseudacris crucifer) and grey treefrog (Hyla versicolor), Blanding’s turtle and smooth greensnake, are found nowhere else within the city limits (there are recent reports of Blanding’s turtle at Tommy Thompson Park, but these likely refer to transplanted animals). Therefore, the loss of these species from the southern section of the Park would constitute a considerable decline in the City’s biodiversity.
A major impact from urbanization is the increase in the population of subsidized predators, animals such as domestic and feral cats, raccoons, opossums (Didelphis virginiana) and blue jays (Cyanocitta cristata), whose populations are not in tune with natural cycles in prey populations because in lean times their numbers are maintained by the provision of food from backyard feeders, garbage and pet-owners. Thus predator-pressure never lets up enough to allow prey species numbers to recover. This completely artificial dynamic affects all small animals – birds, herpetofauna and mammals – but especially small mammals. This in turn reduces the prey availability for non-subsidized predators such as eastern screech-owls (Megascops otus) and hawks, although this latter consideration is compensated by the fact that many native predators appear to be thriving as an indirect result of human sourced food subsidies (e.g. the remarkable increase in the population of Cooper’s hawk – Accipiter cooperii - as a result of constantly high populations of mourning doves (Zenaida macroura), Eurasian starlings (Sturnus vulgaris), grey squirrels (Sciurus carolinensis) and blue jays). All in all, the food subsidies are creating a completely new (and unnatural) dynamic in the ecosystem; some species are certainly benefiting, but many are declining. It is highly likely that northern flying squirrel faces local extirpation (from
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this only City of Toronto site for the species) in part due to the impact of high numbers of domestic and feral cats taking its toll on the survival of young animals (Mitchell 1992). The impact of free- ranging cats – both feral and domestic – on bird and small mammal populations in North America has been recently posited as “likely the single greatest source of anthropogenic mortality for US birds and mammals” (Loss 2013).
Dogs, and particularly off-leash dogs, are a huge issue for any habitat that is being managed for the natural system. Although dogs do not have as large an impact in terms of animals killed as do cats, it has been shown that their mere presence in a natural setting deters many species from even attempting to breed. A study in Australia reported that dog-walking (on-leash) in natural habitats caused a 35% reduction in bird diversity and a 41% reduction in abundance, with even higher impacts on ground-nesting species (Banks and Bryant 2007). If the intention is to maintain and improve natural biodiversity then serious consideration should be put to prohibiting dogs from certain areas of the Park. It is very likely that the high level of dog-walking has had much to do with the local decline of ruffed grouse, and likewise it is probable that ovenbirds will go the same way.
It is important to understand that negative matrix influences are not solely associated with the close proximity of urban and suburban developments; many of the negative influences can be transferred deep within an otherwise intact natural matrix by extensive trail networks used by large numbers of people originating from quite distant urban and suburban centres. Extensive public use of a natural habitat can have substantial negative impact through the cumulative effects of hiking, dog-walking and biking on the site. Various studies have shown that many bird species react negatively to human intrusion (i.e. the mere presence of people) to the extent that nest- abandonment and decreased nest-attentiveness lead to reduced reproduction and survival. One example of such a study showed that abundance was 48% lower for hermit thrushes (Catharus guttatus, a ground-nesting/foraging species) in intruded sites than in the control sites (Gutzwiller and Anderson 1999).
Area sensitivity is a scoring criterion that can be closely related to the issue of a species’ need for isolation. Fauna species are scored for area sensitivity based on their requirement for a certain minimum size of preferred habitat. Species that require large tracts of habitat (>100 ha in total) score the maximum five points, while species that either show no minimum habitat requirement, or require <1 ha in total, score one point. Species scoring three points or more (require ≥5 ha in total) are deemed area sensitive species. Researchers have shown that for some species of birds, area sensitivity is a rather fluid factor, dependent and varying inversely with the overall percentage forest cover within the landscape surrounding the site where those species are found (Rosenburg et al. 1999).
A total of 49 of the 117 fauna species of either regional or urban concern are considered area sensitive, with 15 species requiring at least 20 ha of continuous habitat and one of those species (river otter) requiring in excess of 100 ha or a 30 km stretch of natural riparian habitat. The remaining 34 species have a habitat area requirement of at least 5 ha. Certainly, habitat patches of this size are well-represented in the Park as are habitat patches of greater than 20 ha.
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Furthermore, there are fairly extensive areas of forest interior habitat (forest habitat that is situated at least 100 m from the forest edge, Maps 7a and 7b) particularly in the Park to the south of Steeles Avenue - over 550 ha of Rouge Park South is made up of blocks of forest habitat of at least 20 ha in size. This being the case, it is somewhat surprising that there are in fact not more area sensitive species breeding: the size of the habitat patches at the Rouge National Urban Park should support highly area sensitive species such as barred owl (Stryx varia), broad-winged hawk (Buteo platypterus) and black-and-white warbler, none of which have been recorded as breeding species within the past decade. It should be noted, however, that the latter species was recorded for the Little Rouge Corridor inventory, conducted in 2002, and was listed as a breeding species in the OMNR’s 1991 report.
Species’ patch-size constraints are due to a variety of factors including foraging requirements and the need for isolation within a habitat block during nesting. In the latter case, regardless of the provision of a habitat patch of sufficient size, if that block is seriously and frequently disturbed by human intrusion, such species will be liable to abandon the site. Such a variety of habitat needs are more likely satisfied within a larger extent of natural cover. Cooper’s hawk is an area sensitive species that has shown considerable adaptation to the urban landscape in recent years, to the extent that the species is now found in many urban ravines. It is no surprise, then, to find Cooper’s hawk at the Park since the forest patches combine to provide ample nesting opportunities (Figure 16). This same quantity of forest patches also likely provides opportunities for a variety of forest habitat types to develop, providing different habitat options for the rich diversity of fauna species.
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Figure 16. Cooper’s hawk is a species that has adapted well to the suburban landscape and there are several pairs nesting within the Park (photo: Paul Prior, 2014)
Patch isolation sensitivity in fauna measures the overall response of fauna species to fragmentation and isolation of habitat patches. One of the two main aspects of this scoring criterion is the physical ability or the predisposition of a species to move about within the landscape and is related to the connectivity of habitat within a landscape. The second main aspect is the potential impact that roads have on fauna species that are known to be mobile. Thus most bird species score fairly low for this criterion (although they prefer to forage and move along connecting corridors) whereas many herpetofauna score very high (since their life cycle requires them to move between different habitat types which may increase likelihood of road-kill). From the Park fauna list, all 19 of the herpetofauna score 3 or more points under this criterion, together with 14 of the 19 mammal species of regional or urban concern (74%).
Roads and paved trails which intersect traditional dispersal and seasonal migration routes that many herpetofauna rely upon are a major threat to populations of these species in such an urban landscape. Both spring peeper and grey treefrog, together with wood frogs and American toads, undergo biannual movements to and from breeding ponds. In fact almost all herp species
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undertake some seasonal movement across the landscape, ranging from less than 100 m (snakes moving to and from hibernacula) to several kilometres (in the case of snapping turtles, Chelydra serpentina) (Jochimsen 2004, Obbard 1980). Roads are an obvious hindrance to such movements, but, likewise, any paved trail invites faster bike traffic and provides seemingly ideal opportunities for basking snakes – all of which results in a higher incidence of road-kill.
Of particular significance is the recently discovered crossing for eastern newts (Notophthalmus viridescens) along the private paved road running between Zoo Road and the west entrance to the Beare Road Landfill. Furthermore, in 2010 OREG initiated an intensive search for road-kill hotspots along Reesor Road, Steeles Avenue and Old Finch Avenue – roads which all fall within the study area. So far OREG’s work has identified several major road-kill hotspots for species such as red-bellied snake (Storeria occipitomaculata) and grey treefrog, and significant numbers of eastern milksnake (Lampropeltis triangulum) – indicated as Special Concern on the list of Species At Risk in Ontario (OREG 2010).
Fauna species that score greater than three points under the habitat dependence criterion are considered habitat specialists (Maps 15a and 15b). These species exhibit a combination of very specific habitat requirements that range from their microhabitat (e.g. decaying logs, aquatic vegetation) and requirements for particular moisture conditions, vegetation structure or spatial landscape structures, to preferences for certain community series and macro-habitat types. Thirty species that occur at the Rouge Park South are considered habitat specialists, with 60% of these species – including ovenbird, scarlet tanager, winter wren (Troglodytes troglodytes), pine warbler, northern flying squirrel and wood frog - having a preference for forested habitat. As stated earlier in this document, significant wetland-dependent species are also well-represented on the species lists although the numbers of territories for each of these species is rather low. A small proportion of these forest-dependent species also exhibit a dependence on wetland components within their home-range, i.e. species such as spotted salamander, eastern newt, wood frog and grey treefrog.
Several of these habitat dependent species have more specific preferences regarding the structure, age, and species composition of the forest. Winter wren, for example, prefers dark, moist, primarily mixed forests with plenty of wind-throw and deadfall providing ample nesting and foraging opportunities, such as the mixed deciduous swamp forest community at the Townline Swamp. Two of the remaining habitat dependent species – bank swallow (Riparia riparia) and northern rough-winged swallow (Stelgidopteryx serripennis) – are both highly dependent on very specific micro-habitat conditions, bank swallow requiring bluffs or cliffs of the appropriate sandy substrate in which to excavate nest-cavities (there is a large colony currently active on the river just east of Sewell’s Road, north of Old Finch Avenue), while northern rough-winged swallow tends to use existing cavities.
One of the most dramatic changes that has occurred at the Park over the past few decades is the decline and disappearance of several wetland bird species (e.g. black tern, common gallinule, and least bittern from the extensive Rouge Marsh wetland, reflecting perhaps a change in the wetland habitat quality, although both common gallinule and least bittern persist in small numbers at smaller wetlands further inland. It is generally recognized that the driving force behind such
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faunal diversity in wetlands is hydrology (Keddy 2000). The water level in Lake Ontario is regulated at a relatively constant depth. Recent studies have shown that long term changes in annual water level fluctuations in the Great Lakes are important abiotic factors affecting the abundance of some marsh dependent birds in coastal marshes (Timmermans et al. 2008). For this reason, since the initiation of water level regulation in 1960, Lake Ontario coastal wetlands tend to be dominated by dense monotypic stands of hybrid cattail, which provide little diversity in the structure of the wetland habitat, and consequently reduced bird abundance and species diversity.
Richness is essentially the presence or absence of a species at a site. However, beyond the mere presence of a single species is the idea that a natural system can be considered as a healthy functioning system if there is an association of several species thriving (i.e. good representation of each species - more than just one territory) within that system. Each habitat type supports particular species associations. As the quality of the habitat patch improves so will the representation and richness of flora and fauna species within that habitat. In this way representation biodiversity is an excellent measure of the health of a natural system. Currently, the highest representation of forest-habitat dependent species occurs in the extensive upland forest habitat between Hwy 401 and Twyn Rivers Drive although historically the riparian forest along the Little Rouge Corridor, north of Steeles Avenue, and the swamp woodland at Townline Swamp have also held significant forest species. Little Rouge Corridor (north of Steeles Avenue) has not been surveyed since 2002, but is the most recent location for northern goshawk (Accipiter gentilis) black and white warbler (Mniotilta varia) blue-headed vireo (Vireo solitarius) and hooded warbler (Setophaga citrina). Townline Swamp was last inventoried in 2004 and at the time held significant populations of northern waterthrush (Parkesia novaboracensis), veery and winter wren. Elsewhere in the Park, numbers of forest-habitat dependent species are rather low especially given the large areas involved. The presence of so few representatives of species that are dependent on forest habitat outside of these core areas indicates that the forest habitat at the Rouge National Urban Park is generally not functioning at a particularly high level.
4.6.3 Comparison of Glen Rouge Area (Block G) Fauna Data Between 2005 and 2014
The long history of natural heritage surveys at the Park presents an excellent opportunity to identify any changes that may have occurred in breeding bird populations over time. The multiple fauna inventories conducted allow for direct comparisons to be made for specific areas in the Park; the coverage of the Glen Rouge Area in both 2005 and 2014 (when it was referred to as Block G) presents just such an opportunity. This section, between Twyn Rivers Drive and Kingston Road – was surveyed by the same TRCA biologist in 2005 and in 2014. The boundary of the area surveyed was almost exactly the same, and the protocol for the inventory is consistent for the two years.
The results of the comparison suggest some very significant changes in the breeding bird population. The comparison considers only those species that were mapped in both years, i.e. L5 and L+ species are not considered. For ease of comparison, since some L-ranks change over time (primarily due to changes in regional Local Occurrence and changes in the Continental and Local Population Trends) the most recently updated scores and ranks (2013) are applied to records from both years.
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Table 8. Summary of comparison of abundance of breeding bird species of regional and urban conservation concern (L1 to L4) between two survey periods of 2005 and 2014 in the Glen Rouge Area of the Park.
2005 2014 Observed Change TRCA Species Territory # species # territories # species # territories L-rank change change L2 1 5 0 0 -1 -5 L3 10 58 7 57 -3 -1 L4 19 162 22 220 +3 +58 TOTAL 30 225 29 277 -1 +52
At first glance the results of the comparison of the changes in abundance of species of regional and urban conservation concern do not suggest any concerns (Table 8); however, the application of some local knowledge and experience to the numbers reveals that there have been some dramatic but somewhat expected changes documented between the two years. At the coarse level there has actually been an increase in the number of territories held by species of regional concern. However, the two L3 species which show significant increases over the past decade are mourning warbler and American redstart (Setophaga ruticilla). Both of these species are low scoring L3 species, i.e. they are on the cusp between L3 and L4, in fact, both species have been ranked as L4 species at some point within the past decade. Furthermore, both species have shown fairly persistent increases in population and distribution throughout the region over the past decade. Pileated woodpecker (Dryocpus pileatus) has a similar recent history whereby it has been ranked an L4 at some point in the past decade; finally the single report of Nashville warbler (Oreothlypis ruficapilla) is considered to be very likely a late migrant but has been included in adherence to the inventory protocol. If these four species, then, are removed from the equation a very different pattern emerges (Table 9).
For the remaining suite of 7 significant species a greater than 50% decline has been documented between the 2 years. When these species are investigated in isolation from the others, 4 of these species have disappeared altogether: ovenbird, brown creeper (Certhia americana), winter wren and sharp-shinned hawk (Accipiter striatus). Two of the remaining species have shown significant declines of approximately 50%: scarlet tanager down to 2 pairs from 2005’s 5 pairs; wood thrush down from 16 to 9 pairs. Of the 7 species only veery appears to have managed to maintain an approximately consistent number of territories, showing just a slight decrease from 9 to 8 territories. Interestingly, most of the veery territories were located in the same habitat patches as the mourning warblers – i.e. in the shrubby growth associated with the riparian corridor along either the main Little Rouge or the eastern tributary. It is possible that the somewhat impenetrable nature of this latter habitat has deflected much of the disturbance that may have been responsible for the declines in species such as ovenbird and wood thrush in the more open upland forest habitat. The decline in these seven sensitive species of concern is illustrated on Map 16.
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Table 9. Comparison of abundance of seven selected breeding birds of regional conservation concern (L1 to L3) between two survey periods of 2005 and 2014 in the Glen Rouge Area of the Park.
2005 2014 Observed change Species Territory TRCA L-rank # species # territories # species # territories change change L2 1 5 0 0 -1 -5 L3 6 37 3 19 -3 -18 TOTAL 7 42 3 19 -4 -23
The significant decline of higher ranking, sensitive breeding bird species indicated for the Glen Rouge Area/Block G is also reflected in the Park-wide difference between the species list for the past decade and the list produced for the decades prior to 2005. In this case, the protocols used in the two periods were not consistent and the surveys were undertaken by different agencies, however, it is clear from some of the totals shown in Appendix 6, the summary of L-rank richness for both the current decade and archival records, and in Figure 13 (p. 39 of this document) that L1 and L2 ranked species have indeed declined across the entire Park.
5.0 Recommendations
The recommendations for the Rouge National Urban Park are given in relation to the regional targets for natural heritage in the TRCA jurisdiction. To reach the regional targets for quality distribution and resultant quantity of natural cover, every site will require its own individualized plan of action. Other documents used to inform recommendations are The Rouge Watershed Plan (TRCA 2007f), the draft Rouge National Urban Park Management Plan (Parks Canada 2014), the Rouge Park Management Plan (Province of Ontario 1994), Rouge Park Natural Heritage Action Plan (TRCA 2008b), Life Science Survey of the Northeastern Portion of the Rouge Valley Park (OMNR 1991), and the Ecological Survey of the Rouge Valley Park (Varga et al. 1991). Following is a short summary of the site features, followed by specific recommendations.
5.1 Site Summary
1. The study area contains 2,301 ha of natural cover, an exceptionally large amount of natural area for being in such proximity to urban land uses. Almost 90% has been surveyed for vegetation communities, flora and fauna since 2001.
2. North of Steeles Avenue, the Park is largely agricultural but with significant natural features associated with the Little Rouge corridor. South of Steeles Avenue, the Park is characterised by very steep valley slopes along the river, undulating and level tablelands, wetlands, expansive floodplains, towering bluffs (up to 40 m), and a large
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coastal marsh - the Rouge River estuary, the largest coastal marsh in the City of Toronto.
3. The Rouge National Urban Park contains almost one-third of the natural cover in the Rouge watershed. It has retained its extensive forest cover largely as a result of its protection as a park. The large tracts of mature forest within the study area include oak forest in ravines and on tableland.
4. A large portion of Rouge Park South belongs to the Rouge River Valley ANSI. There are also eight smaller ESA’s and two PSW complexes within the boundary.
5. There were 225 vegetation community types observed, which reflects diverse coastal, forest, savannah and post-agricultural communities at the site. They comprise 58% of the total number of vegetation communities recorded in the TRCA jurisdiction. Of these, 67 are communities of conservation concern. There is a relatively high amount of wetland and dynamic communities present.
6. The study area accommodates a high biodiversity considering much of it is surrounded by an urban or suburban landscape. This is a result, in part, of the Carolinian and northern species’ ranges overlapping within the Park. A total of 906 flora species were documented, including 233 L1 - L3 plants which makes the Park one of the most sensitive flora rich sites in the TRCA jurisdiction. Over the past decade a total of 155 vertebrate fauna species have been documented as breeding species within the study area: 112 bird species, 24 mammals and 19 herpetofauna. This total is higher than some of the highest quality sites in the TRCA jurisdiction.
7. Six flora species of concern occur that are recorded nowhere else in the TRCA jurisdiction; an additional 14 species have only been recorded at one or two other sites in the jurisdiction. Two endangered flora species still remain: butternut and American ginseng. Bashful bulrush is now extirpated. The first and only TRCA record for balsam ragwort, an L2 species, was found in Rouge Park South in 2010.
8. Flora of concern are associated with a wide range of habitats; outstanding examples include oak savannah and seepage fen. Savannah species include big bluestem, Seneca snakeroot and New Jersey tea. Fen species include two species of ladies’- tresses orchid, fringed gentian, and rushes. Meanwhile the high fauna biodiversity is due to the presence of extensive examples of different habitat types, e.g. large areas of mature forest, an extensive coastal marsh, large areas of agriculture together with associated meadow habitats.
9. Four of the site’s herpetofauna species are recorded nowhere else within the limits of the City of Toronto. The loss of these species from the Park would constitute a considerable decline in the City’s biodiversity.
10. Despite protection efforts native biodiversity is in decline and non-native species have increased. Thirty-nine flora species of conservation concern observed in the 1970s-80s
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appear to no longer be present in the Park, while other plants’ populations have declined to perilously low levels. There are significant infestations of invasive non- native plants, especially dog-strangling vine within the Park.
11. Twenty-one bird species reported in the MNRF list in 1991 have not been recorded in the most recent decade; this constitutes a considerable rate of extirpation. Combined with the decreases in breeding populations of several regional species of concern, this indicates a continuing decline in local avian biodiversity.
12. Areas of natural habitat on the shoreline of Lake Ontario, particularly situated at the mouths of rivers and creeks, are important staging areas for migrating songbirds.
5.2 Site Recommendations
Rouge National Urban Park appears to have experienced a decline in overall native biodiversity and an increase in number of non-native species. There are now fewer sensitive and rare flora species - most notably south of Twyn Rivers Drive - compared to 1991. A number of species, such as bashful bulrush, are now considered extirpated from the TRCA jurisdiction (bashful bulrush has only one known location left in Canada). In other cases there are only a handful of plants (or even just a single individual) left; such is the case for hairy aster. Although more difficult to confirm for some of the more secretive fauna species, there has been a decrease in the park fauna list with the most dramatic losses occurring in the marsh at the mouth of the Rouge River. The fact that this is an “Urban” National Park actually implies that extra effort should be expended to ensure a resilient natural environment in the face of changes as called for by Parks Canada’s Draft Management Plan (Parks Canada 2014). Indeed, though the “Urban Park” is a new designation, there is a strong analogy with Point Pelee National Park, which also has a rich suite of Carolinian species in a fragmented landscape surrounded by land-use pressures (Parks Canada 2010).
At the site level, there is an obvious need to protect and maximize the habitat in the Park. In turn, this will improve its contribution to the wider natural system. It is important however, to recognize that additional impacts on the Park stem from outside its boundaries. An excerpt from the Rouge River State of the Watershed Report (TRCA 2007e) asserts: “…unless a watershed wide terrestrial system is enhanced, the areas of higher quality [i.e. Rouge Park South] are at risk of continual decline over time and are likely to show a reduction in their current suite of species.” The site level recommendations work most effectively if habitat patch quality and connectivity improve watershed-wide (and include adjacent watersheds).
Habitat quality is currently limited by public use and trail density (and thereby the absence of any extensive undisturbed areas), by the presence of invasive non-native species, by high population densities of herbivores and omnivores (e.g. deer), and by the absence or suppression of fire in upland oak habitats that support declining savannah/prairie species. In addition, minimizing the negative matrix influences is essential for achieving a higher quality natural system (e.g. predation from domestic/feral animals and storm water quantity and quality issues).
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The following recommendations address the decline in biodiversity as well as the landscape ecology indicators of habitat quality, matrix influence, patch size/shape, and the degree of connectivity to the larger system. From a terrestrial natural heritage point of view, Rouge National Urban Park would benefit most from 1) improved management of public use; 2) management of non-native and invasive species; 3) improvements in connectivity; and 4) a better understanding of the changing status of the fauna and flora of the park by implementing further monitoring. Acting on these management options would afford the Park more protection in the face of declining biodiversity.
1. Management of public use
Although landscape metrics indicate that the matrix influence at the site is largely positive, this does not take into account the high level of disturbance that occurs throughout the summer months due to the large number of visitors to the site for recreational activities. This visitor pressure is likely to increase in the future as the local population grows and park operations become more formalized. Several species are teetering on the brink of local extirpation. Thus, regardless of potential improvements in habitat quality, the detrimental effects of public use on the existing and restored natural habitats will continue to result in further losses in the populations of sensitive fauna and flora species. In an effort to mitigate the negative influence of increasing public use of the park as a whole, it is recommended that certain areas be designated as nature reserves or “sanctuaries” (areas with zero trails) within the park (the largest and most obvious of which is shown on Map 17). The selection of the areas shown in the map is based upon results from the fauna and flora inventories (the coincidence of high densities of sensitive fauna and flora species points, and the location of a significant treed fen habitat); the location of the most extensive area of mature interior forest habitat; and the need to enhance natural connectivity through the park. A large section of the proposed reserve is referred to as “hog’s back” in the Rouge Park Vegetation Management Study (Geomatics International Inc. 1996) where a bike-free area and restoration efforts such as prescribed burns are recommended. It is recommended that all trails are decommissioned in this area and monitoring occurs to ensure the area is not being accessed. The designated areas encompass a broad range of habitat types, including the created wetland to the south of Zoo Road, thereby allowing potential for a diverse selection of species to thrive undisturbed, creating a source of species recruitment for the remainder of the park.
The following are recommendations for managing public use:
a. Designate Nature Reserves as shown on Map 17 as a minimum. Monitor the reserve to ensure informal trails are not being created and old trails are not being used.
b. Other candidate locations for Nature Reserves should include 1) The Townline Swamp, 2) the heronry in Rouge Park North, 3) the Little Rouge Corridor in Rouge Park North, 4) seepage fens identified by the ELC surveys and 5) habitat patches containing Species At Risk not included in abovementioned Nature Reserve areas (perhaps excluding butternut whose main risk factor is not habitat-related).
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c. Use expertise of terrestrial biologists with local experience to help plan and place trails and other recreational projects in order to minimize the damage to existing natural cover. Incorporate issues of trail density and/or trail type into trail planning.
d. Avoid having paved trails within Rouge Park South; such surfaces simply serve to increase the speed at which bicycles travel, increasing the risk of road-kill for any animals (salamanders, frogs, snakes) that need to cross such trails.
e. Post signs at the end of the Zoo Road (at the start of the Beare Road Landfill west access road) to inform drivers and cyclists of the amphibian crossing area. Post a very low speed limit; install speed bumps and “brake for snake/newt” signs. If the opportunity arises, when upgrades to existing road networks are made, wildlife crossing structures (e.g. culvert) should be incorporated.
f. Investigate the option of installing board walks. Boardwalks, even through non-wetland habitats, can potentially reduce many impacts on the habitat and do not constitute a barrier to the seasonal and foraging movements of terrestrial fauna. Users are also far less likely to step off of a well-maintained boardwalk, even in relatively dry forest and meadow habitats.
g. Set-up clear signage along trails that describes the importance of staying on trails, leaving wildlife untouched, keeping pets leashed, etc. Consider a park user education/awareness campaign focusing on park wildlife and landforms that includes, as an example, signage to inform visitors of the issues around invasive non-native species and how they can help slow their spread. Enforce park “rules” at certain times of the year and appoint volunteer park patrollers.
h. Work with landowners along the Rouge Park boundary to avoid and eliminate encroachment.
i. Implement dog-free areas: Perhaps the best scenario with respect to sensitive breeding fauna species would be to designate sections as completely dog-free. In such a situation with appropriate interpretive signage and diligent enforcement it is possible that extensive areas of forest and meadow habitat will be able to accommodate populations of several sensitive species.
2. Management of non-native and invasive species
The following recommendations focus on non-native invasive species management and reducing predation and herbivory. The Rouge Park Vegetation Management Study (Geomatics International Inc. 1996) is a good resource regarding non-native species management and habitat rehabilitation. The study should be used in conjunction with this report and the most recent scientific literature available to create specific management plans (e.g. non-native invasive species management plan).
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a. Develop a non-native invasive species management plan for Rouge Park South.
b. Investigate the feasibility and benefits of prescribed burns in order to maintain oak forest and savannah remnants and associated species of concern. This will help control many non-native invasive species (though not dog-strangling vine).
c. Identify and control non-native invasive species populations where feasible; e.g. Asiatic bittersweet, shrub honeysuckle, common reed, lily-of-the-valley, periwinkle, Norway maple, multiflora rose, and eulalia.
d. Address more abundant non-native invasive species such as dog-strangling vine and garlic mustard through controlling sources of disturbance such as erosion (in forest environments), nutrient input, and trampling. Competitive native plantings may play a role in containing non-native invasions.
e. Target invasive control around populations of species of concern, for example by wick application of herbicide to remove dog-strangling vine from near remnant savannah species.
f. Where possible, implement biological control for the most widespread and dominant invasives, especially dog-strangling vine, for which further trials and release of Hypena opulenta is recommended.
g. Investigate methods for reducing predation and herbivory, e.g. the damage inflicted by deer on native plant populations.
3. Improvement in connectivity
Adequate connections to habitat in the Highland Creek, Petticoat Creek and Duffins Creek watersheds and to the north within the Rouge watershed are important for park biodiversity, especially if these outside habitat patches are improved in quality. There is significant potential to improve connectivity by working with the agricultural community to establish larger buffer zones within the agricultural areas. In addition, connectivity can be improved along the Lake Ontario shoreline parks system that links with Rouge Marsh and across the natural cover associated with the Lake Iroquois shoreline called the Rouge-Duffins Wildlife Corridor (TRCA 2014b). This links the Rouge Park with Altona Forest and other natural areas. Restoration within Rouge Park is another key element that can reconnect higher quality habitat patches. The following are recommendations for connectivity:
a. Conduct a detailed search for road-kill hotspots and herp crossing points throughout the Park. In the light of any findings, mechanisms to allow safe passage of herps at such hotspots should be considered (e.g. amphibian tunnels).
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b. In the long term, major wildlife passages over and under roads such as Steeles Avenue, Highways 7 and 407 should be considered to truly form a strong corridor through the park between Lake Ontario and the Oak Ridges Moraine (TRCA 2015a). Likewise, an east-west passage across the York-Durham Townline in this area will link the Park to Duffins Creek.
c. Where invasive species are not an issue, the preference is for passive restoration based on natural regeneration. Site conditions, such as topography and drainage, should dictate restoration work and vegetation selection. For example, moist forest with vernal pools for flatter, poorly-drained tableland.
d. Collect and propagate local seed, such as those found in the remnant savannah and oak forest, to plant back in Rouge Park South. There should be careful attention to seed sourcing and site conditions in doing restoration projects.
e. Plant fruit-bearing shrub cover at the edges of forested areas, creating important foraging opportunities for migrating songbirds.
f. Maintain and retain sufficient open habitat to enhance fauna and flora biodiversity.
g. Any management work conducted needs to occur during times when there will be the least impact on the vegetation, breeding birds and dispersing and migrating amphibians.
h. Consider and investigate rehabilitating wetland habitats at the mouth of the Rouge River by controlling marsh water levels independent of the lake levels. By doing this, a more structurally diverse wetland habitat would result, bringing with it the potential to recruit and restore a more diverse avifauna.
i. Conservation planning of adjacent lands such as the Toronto Zoo and the Beare landfill site should be co-ordinated to ensure consistent protection of the continuous natural heritage system. For example, work with Toronto Zoo to remove old fences that act as wildlife barriers and are no longer needed within the natural cover.
4. Implementation of further monitoring
It is important to monitor the changes in the Park in order to verify that current management strategies are doing what they intend to do and that ecological changes are at acceptable levels. Although the nature reserves on Map 15 would protect some of the highest quality habitat, our monitoring and assessment results alreadyindicate that more nature reserves are needed. The idea of vast nature reserves in Rouge Park is not new; in the Ecological Survey of 1991 (Varga 1991) it was recommended that the entire Rouge Park ANSI be managed as a nature reserve zone.
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a. Establish a long-term monitoring program within Rouge Park to assess change in the features due to park activities.
b. Undertake terrestrial natural heritage inventories of portions of the Rouge National Urban Park that have not been surveyed in the last decade, in particular the Little Rouge corridor and Townline Swamp which in the last surveys (2002 and 2004) held several very significant forest dependent species.
c. Greater attention should be given to the non-forested habitat associated with the largely agricultural northern section of the Park. It is here that the largest proportion of federally and provincially listed Species at Risk have been recorded, namely bobolink and eastern meadowlark, together with a whole suite of sensitive meadow species. Much of this area has not been properly inventoried in the past decade. Of the approximately 780 fauna points mapped in the Rouge Park north of Steeles Avenue, about 220 (28%) points were mapped prior to this most recent decade.
The Rouge National Urban Park is a tremendous natural asset to the Rouge watershed and neighboring watersheds, providing substantial areas of existing and potential natural cover and supporting many species of birds and other animals that depend on large areas of undisturbed forest or diverse habitats. As written in the 1991 Ecological Survey, “…the lower Rouge valleys, lakeshore marshes and adjacent tablelands form the most pristine and diverse system of linked natural areas along any of the lower river valleys draining into northwestern Lake Ontario” (Varga et al. 1991). Following the recommendations listed here will help to ensure that the Park continues to provide enough higher quality habitat for existing species (and perhaps one day even for returning species) and becomes protected in a way that mitigates user impacts and invasive species.
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6.0 References
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COSEWIC (Committee on the Status of Endangered Wildlife in Canada) 2014. Wildlife Species Search. Ottawa. Available on-line at http://www.cosewic.gc.ca/eng/sct1/searchresult_e.cfm?StartRow=41&boxStatus=All&box Taxonomic=12&location=5&change=All&board=All&commonName=&scienceName=&r eturnFlag=0&Page=5 [Accessed 19 February 2015].
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OMNR 2010. Few-flowered club-rush (Trichophorum planifolium) in Ontario. Ontario Recovery Strategy Series. Ministry of Natural Resources. Available on-line at: http://www.mnr.gov.on.ca/stdprodconsume/groups/lr/@mnr/@species/documents/docum ent/286967.pdf [Accessed 21 October 2011].
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Sauer 1998. The Once and Future Forest. Washington, DC: Island Press.
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Timmermans S.T.A., Badzinski S.S. and Ingram J.W. 2008. Associations between breeding marsh bird abundances and Great Lakes hydrology. J. Great Lakes Res. 34, 351–364.
TRCA 2006. Locations and Management Direction For Two SARA Species: Butternut (Juglans cinerea) and Bashful Bulrush (Trichophorum planifolium) in Rouge Park. Toronto Region Conservation Authority.
TRCA 2007a. The Terrestrial Natural Heritage System Strategy. Toronto Region Conservation Authority.
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TRCA 2007d. Terrestrial Natural Heritage Program Data Collection Methodology. Toronto Region Conservation Authority.
TRCA 2007e. Rouge River State of the Watershed Report. Toronto Region Conservation Authority.
TRCA 2007f. Rouge River watershed plan towards a healthy and sustainable future. Report of the Rouge Watershed Task Force. Toronto Region Conservation Authority.
TRCA 2007/2008. Landscape Analysis Model run in 2007/2008. Toronto and Region Conservation Authority.
TRCA 2008a. Dog-strangling vine – Cynanchum rossicum (Kleopow) Borhidi: a review of distribution, ecology and control of this invasive plant. Toronto and Region Conservation Authority.
TRCA 2008b. We’re Building Rouge Park Natural Heritage Actions for the 21st Century. Toronto and Region Conservation Authority.
63
Rouge National Urban Park February, 2015
TRCA 2010. Vegetation Community and Species Ranking and Scoring method. Toronto Region Conservation Authority.
TRCA 2012a. Rouge Park South of Steeles Ave: terrestrial biological inventory and assessment. Toronto Region Conservation Authority.
TRCA 2012b. Scarborough Shoreline: terrestrial biological inventory and assessment. Toronto Region Conservation Authority.
TRCA 2014. Rouge National Park Interim Report: terrestrial biological inventory and assessment. Toronto Region Conservation Authority.
TRCA 2014b. Altona Forest: terrestrial biological inventory and assessment (updated). Toronto Region Conservation Authority.
TRCA 2015a. Upper Petticoat Creek: terrestrial biological inventory and assessment. Toronto Region Conservation Authority.
TRCA 2015b. Major Creek: terrestrial biological inventory and assessment. Toronto Region Conservation Authority.
Urquhart J. 2009. Personal Communication. Ontario Nature.
Varga S., Jalava J. and Riley J.L. 1991. Ecological Survey of the Rouge Valley Park. Aurora: Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources Central Region.
Wainio A., Riley J.L., Therrien L.F., K.E. Coleman K.E. and Reinhart W. 1973. A general biological survey of the lower Rouge River Marsh and lower valley. Unpublished manuscript. O.M.N.R.
Yates C.N. and Murphy S.D. 2008. Observations of herbivore attack on garlic mustard (Alliaria petiolata) in southwestern Ontario, Canada. Biol Invasions 10:757-760.
64
Appendix 1: TRCA surveys in Rouge National Urban Park, 2001-2014
Vegetation Frogs and In OMNR Year N or S of Area Breeding TRCA Site Name/Location Communities and Nocturnal Spring survey area Surveyed Steeles Ave (ha) Songbirds Flora Species Birds (1991) Twyn Rivers Drive N. (parcel on north side of 2001 south 20 no no yes yes road) Twyn Rivers Drive S. (parcel on south side of 2001 south 20 no no yes yes road) Rouge Site #2. (south end of Cedar Brae Golf 2002 south 28 yes no yes yes Course) Rouge Site #11 (woodlots within Bob Hunter 2002 north 19 yes yes yes no Park SE of Donald Cousens Pkwy)
2002 north Little Rouge Corridor (north of Steeles) c.300 yes yes yes no
Pickering Lands Site (federal lands north of 2003 north c.350 yes yes yes no Hwy 7 west of York Durham Townline)
2004 north Tompion (NW of Steeles and 9th Line) 9.5 yes yes yes no
2004 south south of Old Finch Ave., east of Morningside unk. no yes no yes Agriculture Preserve blocks P and M east of 2004 south c.220 yes yes yes no Toronto – Pickering Townline. York Durham Sewer System (YDSS) blocks C 2004 both 113 yes yes yes yes and D (E of Reesor Rd. and Steeles Ave) Butternut survey (Rouge Park south of Steeles Juglans cinerea 2005 south n/a no no yes Ave) mapped Glen Rouge Area (s of Twyn Rivers Dr to Hwy 2005 south 230 flora species only yes yes yes 401, corresponding to 2014 block G) 6431 and 6461 Steeles Ave. (part of Cedar Brae 2006 south 44 yes yes yes yes Golf Course) 2006 south northeast of Meadowvale and Sheppard 29 yes yes yes yes TRCA Volunteer Site #49 (east of Reesor Road, 2007 south 39 yes yes yes yes south of Steeles Avenue) Royal Rouge erosion site. (small parcel off 2009 south c. 5 yes no no yes Royal Rouge Trail)
2009 south Rouge Marsh (coastal wetland) 98 yes yes yes yes
Page 94 Appendix 1: TRCA surveys in Rouge National Urban Park, 2001-2014
Vegetation Frogs and In OMNR Year N or S of Area Breeding TRCA Site Name/Location Communities and Nocturnal Spring survey area Surveyed Steeles Ave (ha) Songbirds Flora Species Birds (1991)
TRCA Volunteer Site #50 (south side of Twyn 2010 south 10 yes no yes yes Rivers Drive) Little Rouge valley north of Twyn Rivers Dr., as 2010 south 126 yes yes yes yes far as Zoo Road Finch Meander and adjacent woodlots (north of 2010 south 197 yes yes yes yes Finch Ave and Toronto Zoo) 2010 south Northeast of Sheppard and Morningside 15 yes yes yes yes Markham East Woodlot (south of Hwy 7 west of 2010 north 11 yes yes yes no York-Durham Townline) Rouge Park South (blocks A through G, see 2014 south 471 yes yes yes yes TRCA 2014) Major Creek (west of York-Durham Townline 2014 north 142 yes yes yes no and Major MacKenzie Ave) Upper Petticoat Creek (n of Steeles to past Hwy 2014 north 82 yes partial partial no 7, w of York-Durham Townline)
Page 95 Appendix 2: Rouge National Urban Park Vegetation Communities (2014 scores)
Area Area Scores Local Vegetation Type ELC Code north south Area Local Geophy. Total Rank (* indicates present as inclusion and/or complex only) (ha) (ha) tot (ha) Occur. Requir. Score Nov-14 Forest FOC1-2 Dry-Fresh White Pine (- Red Pine) Coniferous Forest 1.5 1.5 3.5 2.0 5.5 L3 FOC2-2 Dry-Fresh White Cedar Coniferous Forest 12.0 1.6 13.6 2.5 2.0 4.5 L4 FOC3-1 Fresh-Moist Hemlock Coniferous Forest 1.7 1.7 2.5 2.0 4.5 L4 FOC3-A Fresh-Moist Hemlock - White Pine Coniferous Forest 3.0 3.0 3.0 2.0 5.0 L3 FOC4-1 Fresh-Moist White Cedar Coniferous Forest 20.8 18.6 39.3 1.5 2.0 3.5 L4 FOC4-2 Fresh-Moist White Cedar - Hemlock Coniferous Forest 4.5 1.0 5.5 2.5 2.0 4.5 L4 FOC4-A Fresh-Moist White Cedar - White Pine Coniferous Forest 0.8 5.8 6.7 3.0 1.0 4.0 L4 FOM2-1 Dry-Fresh White Pine - Oak Mixed Forest 5.8 5.8 3.5 4.0 7.5 L2 FOM2-2 Dry-Fresh White Pine - Sugar Maple Mixed Forest 2.3 7.4 9.7 2.5 1.0 3.5 L4 FOM2-A Dry-Fresh White Pine - Hardwood Mixed Forest 1.9 0.4 2.4 2.5 1.0 3.5 L4 FOM3-1 Dry-Fresh Hardwood Hemlock Mixed Forest 14.2 14.2 2.5 3.0 5.5 L3 FOM3-2 Dry-Fresh Hemlock - Sugar Maple Mixed Forest 4.9 4.9 2.5 2.0 4.5 L4 FOM4-1 Dry-Fresh White Cedar - Paper Birch Mixed Forest 1.6 1.6 3.5 2.0 5.5 L3 FOM4-2 Dry-Fresh White Cedar - Poplar Mixed Forest 0.5 0.5 2.5 2.0 4.5 L4 FOM4-A Dry-Fresh White Cedar - Hardwood Mixed Forest 2.2 2.0 4.2 2.5 1.0 3.5 L4 FOM5-2 Dry-Fresh Poplar Mixed Forest 2.4 2.4 3.5 2.0 5.5 L3 FOM6-1 Fresh-Moist Sugar Maple - Hemlock Mixed Forest 15.8 59.0 74.8 1.5 2.0 3.5 L4 FOM6-2 Fresh-Moist Hemlock - Hardwood Mixed Forest 4.0 4.0 2.5 3.0 5.5 L3 FOM7-1 Fresh-Moist White Cedar - Sugar Maple Mixed Forest 26.9 19.2 46.1 2.0 2.0 4.0 L4 FOM7-2 Fresh-Moist White Cedar - Hardwood Mixed Forest 22.8 35.6 58.4 1.5 2.0 3.5 L4 FOM8-1 Fresh-Moist Poplar Mixed Forest 1.4 1.4 3.0 2.0 5.0 L3 FOM8-2 Fresh-Moist Paper Birch Mixed Forest 0.4 0.4 3.5 2.0 5.5 L3 FOM8-B Fresh-Moist Hardwood Mixed Forest 1.6 1.6 3.5 2.0 5.5 L3 FOMA-A Fresh-Moist White Pine - Sugar Maple Mixed Forest 1.1 2.9 4.0 3.5 2.0 5.5 L3 FOD1-2 Dry-Fresh White Oak Deciduous Forest 0.2 0.2 0.0 3.0 3.0 L2 FOD2-4 Dry-Fresh Oak - Hardwood Deciduous Forest 1.2 1.5 2.7 2.5 2.0 4.5 L4 FOD3-1 Dry-Fresh Poplar Deciduous Forest 1.7 3.1 4.8 2.0 2.0 4.0 L4 FOD4-1 Dry-Fresh Beech Deciduous Forest 3.2 3.2 2.5 1.0 3.5 L4 FOD4-2 Dry-Fresh White Ash Deciduous Forest 5.2 5.2 2.5 0.0 2.5 L5 FOD4-b Dry-Fresh Manitoba Maple Deciduous Forest 0.2 0.4 0.6 2.5 0.0 2.5 L+ FOD4-d Dry-Fresh Norway Maple Deciduous Forest 0.1 0.1 3.5 0.0 3.5 L+
Page 96 Appendix 2: Rouge National Urban Park Vegetation Communities (2014 scores)
Area Area Scores Local Vegetation Type ELC Code north south Area Local Geophy. Total Rank (* indicates present as inclusion and/or complex only) (ha) (ha) tot (ha) Occur. Requir. Score Nov-14 FOD4-e Dry-Fresh Exotic Deciduous Forest 1.8 1.8 2.5 0.0 2.5 L+ FOD4-G Dry-Fresh Basswood Deciduous Forest 0.4 0.4 3.0 0.0 3.0 L4 FOD4-H Dry-Fresh Hawthorn - Apple Deciduous Forest 5.2 5.2 2.5 0.0 2.5 L5 FOD5-1 Dry-Fresh Sugar Maple Deciduous Forest 16.7 39.0 55.6 1.0 0.0 1.0 L5 FOD5-2 Dry-Fresh Sugar Maple - Beech Deciduous Forest 23.5 13.2 36.7 1.5 0.0 1.5 L5 FOD5-3 Dry-Fresh Sugar Maple - Oak Deciduous Forest 0.9 63.3 64.2 1.5 2.0 3.5 L4 FOD5-4 Dry-Fresh Sugar Maple - Ironwood Deciduous Forest 2.2 2.2 2.5 0.0 2.5 L5 FOD5-5 Dry-Fresh Sugar Maple - Hickory Deciduous Forest 2.6 2.6 3.5 1.0 4.5 L4 FOD5-6 Dry-Fresh Sugar Maple - Basswood Deciduous Forest 2.3 1.0 3.3 2.0 0.0 2.0 L5 FOD5-7 Dry-Fresh Sugar Maple - Black Cherry Deciduous Forest 2.2 2.8 5.0 2.0 0.0 2.0 L5 FOD5-8 Dry-Fresh Sugar Maple - White Ash Deciduous Forest 8.5 2.5 11.0 1.5 0.0 1.5 L5 FOD5-9 Dry-Fresh Sugar Maple - Red Maple Deciduous Forest 2.5 2.5 3.5 0.0 3.5 L4 FOD5-10 Dry-Fresh Sugar Maple - Paper Birch - Poplar Deciduous Forest 0.2 1.5 1.7 2.5 1.0 3.5 L4 FOD5-A Dry-Fresh Sugar Maple - Hawthorn Deciduous Forest 0.7 0.7 3.5 0.0 3.5 L4 FOD5-b Dry-Fresh Sugar Maple - Norway Maple Deciduous Forest 0.7 0.7 3.5 0.0 3.5 L4 FOD6-1 Fresh-Moist Sugar Maple - Ash Deciduous Forest 8.2 8.4 16.5 2.0 0.0 2.0 L5 FOD6-2 Fresh-Moist Sugar Maple - Black Maple Deciduous Forest 3.8 14.2 18.0 2.5 1.0 3.5 L4 FOD6-3 Fresh-Moist Sugar Maple - Yellow Birch Deciduous Forest 0.9 0.9 3.5 2.0 5.5 L3 FOD6-4 Fresh-Moist Sugar Maple - White Elm Deciduous Forest 0.5 0.5 2.5 1.0 3.5 L4 FOD6-5 Fresh-Moist Sugar Maple - Hardwood Deciduous Forest 18.6 31.9 50.5 1.0 0.0 1.0 L5 FOD7-1 Fresh-Moist White Elm Lowland Deciduous Forest 2.6 0.5 3.1 2.0 1.0 3.0 L4 FOD7-2 Fresh-Moist Ash Deciduous Forest 8.4 8.3 16.7 1.0 1.0 2.0 L5 FOD7-3 Fresh-Moist Willow Lowland Deciduous Forest 17.2 26.6 43.8 1.5 0.0 1.5 L5 FOD7-4 Fresh-Moist Black Walnut Lowland Deciduous Forest 1.4 1.4 2.5 1.0 3.5 L4 FOD7-5 Fresh-Moist Black Maple Lowland Deciduous Forest 0.2 0.2 3.5 1.0 4.5 L4 FOD7-a Fresh-Moist Manitoba Maple Lowland Deciduous Forest 11.1 24.7 35.7 1.5 0.0 1.5 L5 FOD7-c Fresh-Moist Exotic Lowland Deciduous Forest 1.0 1.6 2.6 2.0 0.0 2.0 L+ FOD7-E Fresh-Moist Hawthorn - Apple Deciduous Forest 3.0 3.0 2.5 0.0 2.5 L5 FOD7-F Fresh-Moist Basswood Lowland Deciduous Forest 1.1 1.1 2.3 3.0 1.0 4.0 L4 FOD8-1 Fresh-Moist Poplar Deciduous Forest 7.2 35.3 42.5 1.0 0.0 1.0 L5 FOD8-B Fresh-Moist Paper Birch Deciduous Forest 0.6 0.6 3.0 0.0 3.0 L4 FOD9-1 Fresh-Moist Oak - Sugar Maple Deciduous Forest 0.7 13.2 13.9 2.5 2.0 4.5 L4
Page 97 Appendix 2: Rouge National Urban Park Vegetation Communities (2014 scores)
Area Area Scores Local Vegetation Type ELC Code north south Area Local Geophy. Total Rank (* indicates present as inclusion and/or complex only) (ha) (ha) tot (ha) Occur. Requir. Score Nov-14 FOD9-2 Fresh-Moist Oak - Lowland Maple Deciduous Forest 1.9 1.9 3.5 1.0 4.5 L4 FOD9-3 Fresh-Moist Bur Oak Deciduous Forest 1.3 0.4 1.7 3.0 1.0 4.0 L4 FOD9-5 Fresh-Moist Bitternut Hickory Deciduous Forest 1.6 1.6 3.5 2.0 5.5 L3 FOD9-A Fresh-Moist Oak - Beech Deciduous Forest 1.5 1.5 3.5 2.0 5.5 L3 FOD9-C Fresh-Moist Red Oak - Ash Deciduous Forest 0.7 0.7 4.5 0.0 4.5 L4 CUP1-1 Sugar Maple Deciduous Plantation cpx cpx 4.0 0.0 4.0 L5 CUP1-3 Black Walnut Deciduous Plantation 0.3 1.0 1.3 3.0 0.0 3.0 L5 CUP1-4 Hybrid Poplar Deciduous Plantation 0.1 0.1 2.0 0.0 2.0 L5 CUP1-5 Silver Maple Deciduous Plantation 0.5 0.5 3.0 0.0 3.0 L5 CUP1-7 Red (Green) Ash Deciduous Plantation 3.0 0.7 3.6 3.0 0.0 3.0 L5 CUP1-A Restoration Deciduous Plantation 1.4 29.3 30.7 2.0 0.0 2.0 L5 CUP1-b Willow Deciduous Plantation 0.3 0.3 3.0 0.0 3.0 L5 CUP1-c Black Locust Deciduous Plantation 0.8 3.9 4.7 2.0 0.0 2.0 L+ CUP1-d Horticultural Deciduous Plantation 0.7 0.7 3.0 0.0 3.0 L+ CUP1-g Apple Deciduous Plantation 0.7 0.4 1.1 3.5 0.0 3.5 L+ CUP2-1A Black Walnut - Conifer Mixed Plantation 0.2 1.1 1.3 3.5 0.0 3.5 L5 CUP2-A Restoration Mixed Plantation 3.4 42.4 45.8 2.0 0.0 2.0 L5 CUP2-b Black Locust - Conifer Mixed Plantation 0.3 0.3 3.0 0.0 3.0 L+ CUP2-D Apple - Conifer Mixed Plantation 0.5 0.3 0.8 3.5 0.0 3.5 L5 CUP2-E Silver Maple - Conifer Mixed Plantation 0.2 0.2 3.0 0.0 3.0 L5 CUP2-f Hybrid Poplar - Conifer Mixed Plantation 0.2 0.2 3.0 0.0 3.0 L5 CUP2-G Ash - Conifer Mixed Plantation 1.2 1.2 3.5 0.0 3.5 L5 CUP2-h Horticultural Mixed Plantation 1.4 8.6 9.9 3.0 0.0 3.0 L+ CUP2-I Red Oak - Conifer Mixed Plantation 0.3 0.3 3.5 0.0 3.5 L5 CUP3-1 Red Pine Coniferous Plantation 2.3 2.4 4.7 1.5 0.0 1.5 L5 CUP3-2 White Pine Coniferous Plantation 0.2 8.8 9.1 1.5 0.0 1.5 L5 CUP3-3 Scots Pine Coniferous Plantation 8.3 3.8 12.1 2.0 0.0 2.0 L+ CUP3-A Restoration Coniferous Plantation 11.4 11.4 2.5 0.0 2.5 L5 CUP3-b Austrian Pine Coniferous Plantation 0.1 0.1 3.5 0.0 3.5 L+ CUP3-C White Spruce Coniferous Plantation 1.0 5.4 6.4 2.0 0.0 2.0 L5 CUP3-e Norway Spruce Coniferous Plantation 6.0 6.0 2.0 0.0 2.0 L+ CUP3-G White Cedar Coniferous Plantation 0.5 0.5 2.5 0.0 2.5 L5
Page 98 Appendix 2: Rouge National Urban Park Vegetation Communities (2014 scores)
Area Area Scores Local Vegetation Type ELC Code north south Area Local Geophy. Total Rank (* indicates present as inclusion and/or complex only) (ha) (ha) tot (ha) Occur. Requir. Score Nov-14 CUP3-H Mixed Conifer Coniferous Plantation 1.9 8.4 10.3 1.5 0.0 1.5 L5 CUP3-i Douglas Fir Coniferous Plantation inc inc 4.0 0.0 4.0 L+ CUP3-j Colorado Spruce Coniferous Plantation 0.3 0.3 4.0 0.0 4.0 L+ Successional CUT1-1 Sumac Deciduous Thicket 0.9 8.5 9.4 2.0 0.0 2.0 L5 CUT1-5 Raspberry Deciduous Thicket 0.1 0.1 3.0 0.0 3.0 L4 CUT1-A1 Native Deciduous Sapling Regeneration Thicket 0.9 3.3 4.2 2.0 0.0 2.0 L5 CUT1-A2 Native Mixed Sapling Regeneration Thicket 1.8 3.7 5.4 2.5 0.0 2.5 L5 CUT1-A3 Coniferous Sapling Regeneration Thicket 0.1 0.1 2.5 1.0 3.5 L4 CUT1-b Buckthorn Deciduous Thicket 6.2 0.4 6.6 2.5 0.0 2.5 L+ CUT1-c Exotic Deciduous Thicket 2.8 8.4 11.2 2.0 0.0 2.0 L+ CUT1-D Round-leaved Dogwood Deciduous Thicket inc inc 4.0 2.0 6.0 L3 CUT1-E Red Osier Dogwood Deciduous Thicket inc inc 2.5 0.0 2.5 L5 CUT1-G Willow Deciduous Thicket 0.03 0.03 3.5 0.0 3.5 L4 CUH1-A Treed Hedgerow 52.9 5.0 57.9 1.5 0.0 1.5 L5 CUH1-B Native Shrub - Sapling Hedgerow 3.5 0.7 4.2 3.0 0.0 3.0 L4 CUH1-c Buckthorn Hedgerow 0.9 0.9 2.5 0.0 2.5 L+ CUS1-1 Hawthorn Successional Savannah 5.9 4.5 10.4 1.5 0.0 1.5 L5 CUS1-2A White Cedar Successional Savannah 1.0 3.3 4.3 2.5 1.0 3.5 L4 CUS1-A1 Native Deciduous Successional Savannah 10.0 46.4 56.3 1.5 0.0 1.5 L5 CUS1-A2 White Pine Successional Savannah 5.5 5.5 2.5 1.0 3.5 L4 CUS1-b Exotic Successional Savannah 18.0 9.9 27.9 1.5 0.0 1.5 L+ CUW1-A1 White Cedar Successional Woodland 1.8 21.0 22.8 2.5 1.0 3.5 L4 CUW1-A2 White Pine Successional Woodland 0.9 4.5 5.4 2.5 1.0 3.5 L4 CUW1-A3 Native Deciduous Successional Woodland 20.3 38.5 58.8 1.0 0.0 1.0 L5 CUW1-A4 Fresh-Moist Cottonwood Tall Treed Woodland 0.4 0.4 3.5 2.0 5.5 L3 CUW1-b Exotic Successional Woodland 13.6 17.5 31.1 1.0 0.0 1.0 L+ CUW1-D Hawthorn Successional Woodland 18.5 6.6 25.2 2.5 0.0 2.5 L5 Wetland SWC1-1 White Cedar Mineral Coniferous Swamp 1.1 0.3 1.4 2.5 2.0 4.5 L4 SWC1-2 White Cedar - Conifer Mineral Coniferous Swamp 1.1 1.1 3.5 2.0 5.5 L3
Page 99 Appendix 2: Rouge National Urban Park Vegetation Communities (2014 scores)
Area Area Scores Local Vegetation Type ELC Code north south Area Local Geophy. Total Rank (* indicates present as inclusion and/or complex only) (ha) (ha) tot (ha) Occur. Requir. Score Nov-14 SWC3-1 White Cedar Organic Coniferous Swamp 0.3 0.3 2.5 3.0 5.5 L3 SWM1-1 White Cedar - Hardwood Mineral Mixed Swamp 8.2 10.5 18.7 1.5 2.0 3.5 L4 SWM3-1 Birch - Conifer Mineral Mixed Swamp 0.5 0.5 3.5 2.0 5.5 L3 SWM4-1 White Cedar - Hardwood Organic Mixed Swamp 4.5 4.5 1.5 3.0 4.5 L4 SWD2-1 Black Ash Mineral Deciduous Swamp 0.4 0.8 1.2 2.5 2.0 4.5 L4 SWD2-2 Red (Green) Ash Mineral Deciduous Swamp 14.9 46.4 61.3 2.0 2.0 4.0 L4 SWD2-A White Ash Mineral Deciduous Swamp 0.6 0.6 3.5 1.0 4.5 L4 SWD3-2 Silver Maple Mineral Deciduous Swamp 1.7 5.3 7.0 2.0 2.0 4.0 L4 SWD3-3 Swamp Maple Mineral Deciduous Swamp 1.8 23.0 24.8 2.5 2.0 4.5 L4 SWD3-4 Manitoba Maple Mineral Deciduous Swamp 1.5 1.5 3.0 1.0 4.0 L4 SWD4-1 Willow Mineral Deciduous Swamp 6.4 7.1 13.5 2.0 1.0 3.0 L4 SWD4-2 White Elm Mineral Deciduous Swamp 1.5 0.6 2.0 2.5 2.0 4.5 L4 SWD4-3 Paper Birch - Poplar Mineral Deciduous Swamp 0.9 5.2 6.1 2.0 2.0 4.0 L4 SWD4-A White Birch - Cottonwood Coastal Mineral Deciduous Swamp 0.3 0.3 3.5 3.0 6.5 L2 SWD4-b European Alder Mineral Deciduous Swamp 0.3 0.3 3.5 1.0 4.5 L+ SWD5-1 Black Ash Organic Deciduous Swamp 1.0 1.0 3.0 3.0 6.0 L3 SWD6-2 Silver Maple Organic Deciduous Swamp 0.6 0.6 3.5 3.0 6.5 L2 SWT2-2 Willow Mineral Thicket Swamp 9.8 9.0 18.8 2.0 2.0 4.0 L4 SWT2-3 Mountain Maple Mineral Thicket Swamp 0.2 0.2 4.0 2.0 6.0 L3 SWT2-5 Red-osier Mineral Thicket Swamp 1.9 3.1 5.0 1.5 2.0 3.5 L4 SWT3-2 Willow Organic Thicket Swamp inc inc 2.5 3.0 5.5 L3 SWT3-4 Buttonbush Organic Thicket Swamp 0.4 0.4 4.0 3.0 7.0 L2 SWT3-5 Red-osier Organic Thicket Swamp inc inc 3.0 3.0 6.0 L3 FET2-A White Cedar Low Treed Mineral Fen 0.2 0.5 0.7 3.5 4.0 7.5 L2 FET2-B White Cedar - Scots Pine Low Treed Mineral Fen 0.6 0.6 4.0 4.0 8.0 L2 MAM5-1 Mineral Fen Meadow Marsh 0.1 1.1 1.2 3.5 3.0 6.5 L2 MAM2-2 Reed Canary Grass Mineral Meadow Marsh 76.6 13.4 90.1 1.0 1.0 2.0 L+ MAM2-3 Red-top Mineral Meadow Marsh 0.02 0.1 0.1 3.0 0.0 3.0 L4 MAM2-4 Fowl Manna Grass Mineral Meadow Marsh 0.02 0.4 0.4 4.0 0.0 4.0 L4 MAM2-5 Narrow-leaved Sedge Mineral Meadow Marsh 4.7 0.1 4.7 3.0 2.0 5.0 L3 MAM2-6 Broad-leaved Sedge Mineral Meadow Marsh 0.1 0.7 0.8 3.0 2.0 5.0 L3 MAM2-7 Horsetail Mineral Meadow Marsh 0.1 0.1 3.0 2.0 5.0 L3
Page 100 Appendix 2: Rouge National Urban Park Vegetation Communities (2014 scores)
Area Area Scores Local Vegetation Type ELC Code north south Area Local Geophy. Total Rank (* indicates present as inclusion and/or complex only) (ha) (ha) tot (ha) Occur. Requir. Score Nov-14 MAM2-9 Jewelweed Mineral Meadow Marsh 0.7 0.1 0.8 2.5 1.0 3.5 L4 MAM2-10 Forb Mineral Meadow Marsh 10.9 4.1 15.0 1.5 1.0 2.5 L5 MAM2-a Common Reed Mineral Meadow Marsh 0.9 1.0 1.9 3.0 0.0 3.0 L+ MAM2-b Purple Loosestrife Mineral Meadow Marsh 0.2 0.6 0.8 3.0 0.0 3.0 L+ MAM2-C Rush Mineral Meadow Marsh 0.4 0.4 3.5 2.0 5.5 L3 MAM2-D Rice Cut-Grass Mineral Meadow Marsh 0.1 0.1 4.0 0.0 4.0 L4 MAM2-E Bulrush Mineral Meadow Marsh inc inc 3.5 1.0 4.5 L4 MAM2-f Miscanthus Mineral Meadow Marsh 0.3 0.3 4.0 0.0 4.0 L+ MAM2-g Cool-season Grass Mineral Meadow Marsh 1.4 1.4 4.5 0.0 4.5 L+ MAM3-5 Narrow-leaved Sedge Organic Meadow Marsh 0.1 0.1 4.0 3.0 7.0 L2 MAM3-8 Jewelweed Organic Meadow Marsh 0.3 0.1 0.4 4.0 2.0 6.0 L3 MAM3-9 Forb Organic Meadow Marsh 0.3 0.3 3.0 3.0 6.0 L3 MAS2-1A Broad-leaved Cattail Mineral Shallow Marsh 1.0 2.1 3.1 2.0 1.0 3.0 L4 MAS2-1b Narrow-Leaved Cattail Mineral Shallow Marsh 7.6 20.3 27.9 1.0 0.0 1.0 L+ MAS2-2 Bulrush Mineral Shallow Marsh 0.04 0.04 3.0 1.0 4.0 L4 MAS2-3 Narrow-leaved Sedge Mineral Shallow Marsh 0.03 0.03 4.0 1.0 5.0 L3 MAS2-7 Bur-reed Mineral Shallow Marsh 0.1 0.1 3.0 2.0 5.0 L3 MAS2-8 Rice Cut-grass Mineral Shallow Marsh 0.1 0.1 3.5 1.0 4.5 L4 MAS2-9 Forb Mineral Shallow Marsh 1.0 0.8 1.8 3.0 1.0 4.0 L4 MAS2-a Common Reed Mineral Shallow Marsh 0.2 0.9 1.0 3.0 0.0 3.0 L+ MAS2-b Purple Loosestrife Mineral Shallow Marsh 0.3 0.3 3.5 0.0 3.5 L+ MAS2-C Horsetail Mineral Shallow Marsh 0.2 0.3 0.5 4.0 1.0 5.0 L3 MAS2-d Reed Canary Grass Mineral Shallow Marsh 1.3 1.9 3.2 2.5 1.0 3.5 L+ MAS2-G Manna Grass Mineral Shallow Marsh 0.03 0.03 3.5 1.0 4.5 L4 MAS3-1b Narrow-leaved Cattail Organic Shallow Marsh 0.2 0.6 0.7 3.0 1.0 4.0 L+ MAS3-2 Bulrush Organic Shallow Marsh 0.05 0.05 3.5 3.0 6.5 L2 MAS3-7 Bur-reed Organic Shallow Marsh 0.1 0.1 4.0 3.0 7.0 L2 MAS3-10 Forb Organic Shallow Marsh 0.2 0.2 3.5 3.0 6.5 L2 MAS3-d Reed Canary Grass Organic Shallow Marsh 0.1 0.1 4.5 2.0 6.5 L+ Aquatic SAS1-1 Pondweed Submerged Shallow Aquatic 0.2 5.5 5.7 2.0 2.0 4.0 L4 SAS1-2 Waterweed Submerged Shallow Aquatic 0.1 0.1 3.0 1.0 4.0 L4
Page 101 Appendix 2: Rouge National Urban Park Vegetation Communities (2014 scores)
Area Area Scores Local Vegetation Type ELC Code north south Area Local Geophy. Total Rank (* indicates present as inclusion and/or complex only) (ha) (ha) tot (ha) Occur. Requir. Score Nov-14 SAS1-3 Stonewort Submerged Shallow Aquatic 0.5 1.6 2.0 2.0 1.0 3.0 L4 SAS1-A Coon-tail Submerged Shallow Aquatic 1.0 1.0 3.0 1.0 4.0 L4 SAM1-2 Duckweed Mixed Shallow Aquatic 0.8 0.8 2.5 2.0 4.5 L4 SAM1-A Water Lily - Bullhead Lily Mixed Shallow Aquatic 15.1 15.1 2.5 2.0 4.5 L4 SAF1-3 Duckweed Floating-leaved Shallow Aquatic 0.3 1.2 1.5 2.5 1.0 3.5 L4 OAO1 Open Aquatic (deep or riverine unvegetated) 0.7 21.7 22.3 2.0 0.0 2.0 L5 OAO1-T Turbid Open Aquatic (disturbed unvegetated) 1.9 14.7 16.6 2.0 0.0 2.0 L+ Dynamic (Beach, Bluff, Barren, Prairie, Savannah) BBO1 Mineral Open Beach 0.1 0.1 3.0 2.0 5.0 L3 BBO1-1 Sea Rocket Open Sand Beach 1.6 1.6 3.5 3.0 6.5 L2 BBO1-3 Reed Canary Grass Riparian Bar 0.8 1.9 2.7 3.5 2.0 5.5 L3 BBO1-A Open Riparian Sand / Gravel Bar 0.5 0.5 4.0 2.0 6.0 L5 BBS1-2B Willow Shrub Riparian Bar 0.1 4.8 4.8 3.0 1.0 4.0 L4 BBT1-B Mineral Treed Riparian Bar 0.04 3.8 3.9 3.5 2.0 5.5 L3 BLO1 Mineral Open Bluff 0.6 3.4 4.0 2.5 2.0 4.5 L4 BLS1-A Sumac - Willow - Cherry Shrub Bluff 0.3 0.3 3.5 2.0 5.5 L3 BLS1-c Exotic Shrub Bluff 0.04 0.04 3.5 2.0 5.5 L+ BLT1-A White Cedar Treed Bluff 1.2 1.2 3.5 3.0 6.5 L2 BLT1-B Deciduous Treed Bluff 0.8 0.8 3.0 2.0 5.0 L3 CLT1-1 White Cedar Treed Carbonate Cliff 0.1 0.1 5.0 ns new L2? CLT1-2 Sugar Maple - Ironwood - White Ash Treed Carbonate Cliff 0.1 0.1 5.0 3.0 8.0 L2 CBO1 Open Clay Barren 0.1 0.1 4.0 3.0 7.0 L2 CBS1 Shrub Clay Barren 0.6 0.6 3.5 3.0 6.5 L2 CBT1-A White Cedar Low Treed Clay Barren 0.3 0.3 4.0 2.0 6.0 L3 SBO1-1 Dry Bracken Fern Sand Barren 0.5 0.5 4.5 5.0 9.5 L1 SBO1-2A Mixed Sedge Sand Barren 0.04 0.04 5.0 ns new L1? SBO1-A Dry Dropseed Sand Barren 0.6 0.6 3.5 4.0 7.5 L2 SBO1-B Dry-Fresh Flat-stemmed Bluegrass - Forb Sand Barren 0.1 0.1 3.5 3.0 6.5 L2 SBO1-D Forb Sand Barren 0.1 0.1 5.0 3.0 8.0 L2 SBS1 Shrub Sand Barren 0.7 0.7 3.5 3.0 6.5 L2 SBT1 Treed Sand Barren 2.3 2.3 3.5 4.0 7.5 L2 TPO2-A Fresh-Moist Tallgrass Prairie Planting 1.7 1.7 3.5 1.0 4.5 L5
Page 102 Appendix 2: Rouge National Urban Park Vegetation Communities (2014 scores)
Area Area Scores Local Vegetation Type ELC Code north south Area Local Geophy. Total Rank (* indicates present as inclusion and/or complex only) (ha) (ha) tot (ha) Occur. Requir. Score Nov-14 TPS1-2A Mixed Oak - Pine Tallgrass Savannah 0.1 0.1 5.0 ns new L1? TPW1-A Mixed Oak - Pine Tallgrass Woodland 0.2 0.2 5.0 ns new L1? CUS1-3 Red Oak Non-tallgrass Savannah 0.1 0.1 4.0 2.0 6.0 L3 CUW1-2 Red Oak Non-tallgrass Woodland 0.4 0.4 3.5 2.0 5.5 L3 CUW1-C White Oak Non-tallgrass Woodland 0.3 0.3 4.5 3.0 7.5 L2 Meadow CUM1-A Native Forb Meadow 61.5 71.3 132.7 1.0 0.0 1.0 L5 CUM1-b Exotic Cool-season Grass Graminoid Meadow 122.6 33.0 155.6 1.0 0.0 1.0 L+ CUM1-c Exotic Forb Meadow 3.4 42.5 45.9 1.5 0.0 1.5 L+
Page 103 Appendix 3a: Rouge National Urban Park Flora Species (all 2002-14) Status: e=extirpated; cf=ID un-certain; Local Popn. Hab. Sens. Total Rank p=planted; pr=pltd w regen Occur. Trend Dep. Dev. Score TRCA Rouge Rouge Total Most re- Family Scientific Name Common Name 1-5 1-5 0-5 0-5 2-20 Apr-14 Park N Park S Park cent obs
Fabaceae Astragalus canadensis Canada milk-vetch 5 5 4 5 19 L1 x x 2014 Rhamnaceae Ceanothus americanus New Jersey tea 5 5 4 5 19 L1 x x 2014 Fabaceae Desmodium nudiflorum naked-flowered tick-trefoil 5 5 4 5 19 L1 x x 2009 Juncaceae Juncus canadensis Canada rush 5 4 5 5 19 L1 x x 2010 Orobanchaceae Pedicularis canadensis wood-betony 4 5 5 5 19 L1 x x 2010 Polygalaceae Polygala senega Seneca snakeroot 5 5 5 5 20 L1 x x 2014 Ericaceae Vaccinium pallidum hillside blueberry 5 4 5 5 19 L1 x x 2014 Rosaceae Amelanchier spicata running serviceberry 5 4 4 5 18 L2 x x 2014 Ranunculaceae Anemone americana round-lobed hepatica 3 5 5 5 18 L2 x x 2014 Apocynaceae Asclepias exaltata poke milkweed 3 5 4 5 17 L2 x x 2014 Brassicaceae Boechera canadensis sicklepod 5 4 4 4 17 L2 x x 2014 Brassicaceae Boechera laevigata smooth rock-cress 5 4 4 4 17 L2 x x 2010 Poaceae Bromus pubescens Canada brome 5 4 4 4 17 L2 x x 2014 Brassicaceae Cakile edentula sea-rocket 4 4 5 4 17 L2 x x 2013 Araceae Calla palustris water arum 3 5 4 5 17 L2 x x 2010 Cyperaceae Carex aquatilis water sedge 3 4 5 5 17 L2 x x 2002 Ranunculaceae Coptis trifolia goldthread 2 5 5 5 17 L2 x x 2014 Orchidaceae Cypripedium reginae showy lady's slipper 3 4 5 5 17 L2 x x 2004 Poaceae Dichanthelium latifolium broad-leaved panic grass 4 5 5 4 18 L2 x x 2014 Dryopteridaceae Dryopteris goldiana Goldie's fern 4 4 5 4 17 L2 x x 2010 Asteraceae Erechtites hieraciifolius var. hieraciifolius burnweed 5 5 3 4 17 L2 x x 2014 Asteraceae Erigeron pulchellus Robin's plantain 4 5 4 5 18 L2 x x 2014 Cyperaceae Eriophorum viridicarinatum thin-leaved cotton-grass 4 4 5 5 18 L2 x x 2003 Euphorbiaceae Euphorbia polygonifolia seaside spurge 5 4 5 4 18 L2 x x 2009 Ericaceae Gaultheria procumbens wintergreen 3 5 4 5 17 L2 x x 2014 Gentianaceae Gentianopsis crinita fringed gentian 3 4 5 5 17 L2 x x 2014 Haloragaceae Myriophyllum sibiricum northern water-milfoil 4 5 5 4 18 L2 x x 2010 Orobanchaceae Orobanche uniflora one-flowered cancer-root 5 5 4 4 18 L2 x x 2002 Asteraceae Packera paupercula balsam ragwort 5 3 4 5 17 L2 x x 2010 Araliaceae Panax quinquefolius ginseng 4 5 4 5 18 L2 x x 2014 Polygonaceae Persicaria punctata dotted water-pepper 5 3 5 4 17 L2 x x 2010 Polemoniaceae Phlox divaricata wild blue phlox 4 4 4 5 17 L2 x x 2014 Platanaceae Platanus occidentalis sycamore 5 5 5 3 18 L2 x x 2010n Polygalaceae Polygala paucifolia fringed polygala 3 5 4 5 17 L2 x x 2014 Polypodiaceae Polypodium virginianum rock polypody 3 4 5 5 17 L2 x x 2014 Potamogetonaceae Potamogeton illinoensis Illinois pondweed 5 4 5 4 18 L2 x x 2002 Potamogetonaceae Potamogeton pusillus ssp. tenuissimus least pondweed 4 4 5 4 17 L2 x x 2009 Ranunculaceae Ranunculus aquatilis var. diffusus white water crowfoot 4 3 5 5 17 L2 x x 2004 Elaeagnaceae Shepherdia canadensis russet buffalo-berry 4 4 5 4 17 L2 x x 2010 Caryophyllaceae Silene antirrhina sleepy catchfly 4 4 4 5 17 L2 x x x 2014 Asteraceae Solidago hispida hairy goldenrod 5 4 4 5 18 L2 x x 2010 Orchidaceae Spiranthes lucida shining ladies' tresses 4 4 5 5 18 L2 x x 2014 Asteraceae Symphyotrichum pilosum var. pilosum hairy aster 5 4 4 4 17 L2 x x 2010 Apiaceae Taenidia integerrima yellow pimpernel 4 4 4 5 17 L2 x x 2014 Ericaceae Vaccinium angustifolium lowbush blueberry 5 4 4 5 18 L2 x x 2014 Adoxaceae Viburnum rafinesquianum downy arrow-wood 4 5 4 4 17 L2 x x 2014 Pteridaceae Adiantum pedatum northern maidenhair fern 2 3 5 5 15 L3 x x 2014 Orobanchaceae Agalinis tenuifolia slender gerardia 3 4 5 4 16 L3 x x 2014 Poaceae Agrostis perennans upland bent grass 5 3 4 3 15 L3 x x 2014
Page 104 Appendix 3a: Rouge National Urban Park Flora Species (all 2002-14) Status: e=extirpated; cf=ID un-certain; Local Popn. Hab. Sens. Total Rank p=planted; pr=pltd w regen Occur. Trend Dep. Dev. Score TRCA Rouge Rouge Total Most re- Family Scientific Name Common Name 1-5 1-5 0-5 0-5 2-20 Apr-14 Park N Park S Park cent obs
Betulaceae Alnus incana ssp. rugosa speckled alder 1 4 4 5 14 L3 x x x 2009n Asteraceae Anaphalis margaritacea pearly everlasting 3 4 4 3 14 L3 x x 2014 Poaceae Andropogon gerardii big bluestem 3 3 4 4 14 L3 x x 2014 Ranunculaceae Anemone acutiloba sharp-lobed hepatica 1 4 4 5 14 L3 x x x 2014 Ranunculaceae Anemone cylindrica long-fruited thimbleweed 3 4 3 4 14 L3 x x 2010 Ranunculaceae Anemone quinquefolia var. quinquefolia wood-anemone 2 4 3 5 14 L3 x x x 2014 Apiaceae Angelica atropurpurea angelica 3 3 4 4 14 L3 x x x 2014 Asteraceae Antennaria parlinii ssp. fallax plantain-leaved pussytoes 3 4 3 4 14 L3 x x 2014 Araliaceae Aralia racemosa ssp. racemosa spikenard 2 4 4 4 14 L3 x x 2014 Asteraceae Bidens discoidea small beggar's-ticks 4 2 4 4 14 L3 x x 2014 Cyperaceae Bolboschoenus fluviatilis river bulrush 3 2 5 4 14 L3 x x x 2014 Ophioglossaceae Botrychium virginianum rattlesnake fern 2 5 4 5 16 L3 x x 2010 Poaceae Brachyelytrum erectum bearded short-husk 3 5 3 4 15 L3 x x 2014 Poaceae Bromus ciliatus fringed brome grass 2 4 4 5 15 L3 x x x 2014 Campanulaceae Campanula aparinoides marsh bellflower 3 4 5 4 16 L3 x x 2009 Brassicaceae Cardamine concatenata cut-leaved toothwort 2 3 5 4 14 L3 x x x 2014 Cyperaceae Carex albursina white bear sedge 2 3 5 4 14 L3 x x x 2014 Cyperaceae Carex alopecoidea foxtail wood sedge 2 3 5 4 14 L3 x x x 2014 Cyperaceae Carex atherodes awned sedge 3 3 5 4 15 L3 x x 2014 Cyperaceae Carex backii Back's sedge 4 3 4 4 15 L3 x x 2010 Cyperaceae Carex brunnescens ssp. brunnescens brownish sedge 3 3 4 4 14 L3 x x 2009 Cyperaceae Carex crinita fringed sedge 2 4 4 4 14 L3 x x 2009 Cyperaceae Carex digitalis slender wood sedge 3 4 4 3 14 L3 x x 2014 Cyperaceae Carex disperma two-seeded sedge 2 3 5 4 14 L3 x x 2004 Cyperaceae Carex eburnea bristle-leaved sedge 3 4 4 4 15 L3 x x 2014 Cyperaceae Carex flava yellow sedge 3 3 5 4 15 L3 x x 2014 Cyperaceae Carex gracilescens rather slender sedge 4 3 4 4 15 L3 x x 2005 Cyperaceae Carex interior fen star sedge 2 4 4 4 14 L3 x x x 2014 Cyperaceae Carex laevivaginata smooth-sheathed sedge 2 4 4 4 14 L3 x x x 2014 Cyperaceae Carex laxiculmis var. laxiculmis spreading wood sedge 3 3 5 3 14 L3 x x 2010 Cyperaceae Carex leptalea bristle-stalked sedge 2 3 5 4 14 L3 x x x 2011 Cyperaceae Carex leptonervia few-nerved wood sedge 2 4 4 4 14 L3 x x x 2014 Cyperaceae Carex molesta troublesome sedge 3 3 4 4 14 L3 x x 2014 Cyperaceae Carex muehlenbergii var. muehlenbergii Muhlenberg's sedge 4 4 4 4 16 L3 x x 2014 Cyperaceae Carex pallescens pale sedge 3 3 5 3 14 L3 x x x 2014 Cyperaceae Carex plantaginea plantain-leaved sedge 2 4 5 4 15 L3 x x x 2010 Cyperaceae Carex platyphylla broad-leaved sedge 3 4 4 3 14 L3 x x 2014 Cyperaceae Carex siccata hay sedge 4 3 4 4 15 L3 x x 2014 Cyperaceae Carex tonsa var. rugosperma red-seeded sedge 3 4 4 4 15 L3 x x 2014 Cyperaceae Carex trichocarpa hairy-fruited sedge 3 3 5 4 15 L3 x x 2014 Cyperaceae Carex tuckermanii Tuckerman's sedge 2 4 4 4 14 L3 x x 2004 Cyperaceae Carex utriculata beaked sedge 2 3 4 5 14 L3 x x 2009 Cyperaceae Carex viridula ssp. viridula greenish sedge 3 3 5 5 16 L3 x x 2010 Berberidaceae Caulophyllum thalictroides blue cohosh 3 3 4 5 15 L3 x x 2014 Celastraceae Celastrus scandens American bittersweet 2 4 3 5 14 L3 x x x 2014 Rubiaceae Cephalanthus occidentalis buttonbush 3 4 4 3 14 L3 x x 2004 Plantaginaceae Chelone glabra turtlehead 2 3 4 5 14 L3 x x x 2014 Saxifragaceae Chrysosplenium americanum golden saxifrage 2 3 5 4 14 L3 x x 2002 Onagraceae Circaea alpina smaller enchanter's nightshade 2 4 5 4 15 L3 x x x 2014
Page 105 Appendix 3a: Rouge National Urban Park Flora Species (all 2002-14) Status: e=extirpated; cf=ID un-certain; Local Popn. Hab. Sens. Total Rank p=planted; pr=pltd w regen Occur. Trend Dep. Dev. Score TRCA Rouge Rouge Total Most re- Family Scientific Name Common Name 1-5 1-5 0-5 0-5 2-20 Apr-14 Park N Park S Park cent obs
Montiaceae Claytonia caroliniana broad-leaved spring beauty 2 4 5 5 16 L3 x x x 2014 Montiaceae Claytonia virginica narrow-leaved spring beauty 2 4 4 5 15 L3 x x x 2014 Santalaceae Comandra umbellata comandra 4 2 5 5 16 L3 x x 2014 Rosaceae Comarum palustre marsh cinquefoil 3 4 4 5 16 L3 x x x 2010 Cornaceae Cornus amomum ssp. obliqua silky dogwood 3 3 5 3 14 L3 x x x 2009n Betulaceae Corylus americana American hazel 5 4 4 3 16 L3 x x 2004n Rosaceae Crataegus chrysocarpa fireberry hawthorn (sensu lato) 4 3 4 3 14 L3 x x 2006 Rosaceae Crataegus chrysocarpa var. phoenica glabrate fireberry hawthorn 3 3 4 4 14 L3 x x 2014 Rosaceae Crataegus coccinea var. fulleriana Fuller's hawthorn 3 3 5 3 14 L3 xcf x x 2014 Rosaceae Crataegus coccinea var. pringlei Pringle's hawthorn 3 3 5 3 14 L3 x x x 2010 Rosaceae Crataegus flabellata fan-leaved hawthorn 5 2 4 3 14 L3 x x 2004 Rosaceae Crataegus macrosperma variable hawthorn 4 3 5 3 15 L3 x x 2005 Rosaceae Crataegus schuettei rough hawthorn 5 2 4 3 14 L3 x x 2010 Cyperaceae Cyperus bipartitus two-parted umbrella-sedge 3 3 4 4 14 L3 x x 2010 Cyperaceae Cyperus erythrorhizos red-rooted umbrella sedge 5 2 5 4 16 L3 x x 2014 Cyperaceae Cyperus lupulinus slender umbrella-sedge 4 3 5 4 16 L3 x x 2014 Cyperaceae Cyperus odoratus fragrant umbrella-sedge 5 2 5 4 16 L3 x x 2010 Cyperaceae Cyperus strigosus straw-coloured umbrella-sedge 5 2 5 4 16 L3 x x 2010 Orchidaceae Cypripedium parviflorum var. makasin smaller yellow lady's slipper 2 4 4 5 15 L3 x x x 2014 Orchidaceae Cypripedium parviflorum var. pubescens larger yellow lady's slipper 3 4 5 4 16 L3 x x 2014 Woodsiaceae Cystopteris tenuis Mackay's fragile fern 2 4 5 5 16 L3 x x x 2014 Woodsiaceae Deparia acrostichoides silvery glade fern 3 4 5 4 16 L3 (zoo) 2011 Fabaceae Desmodium glutinosum pointed-leaved tick-trefoil 2 4 4 5 15 L3 x x 2014 Papaveraceae Dicentra canadensis squirrel-corn 2 4 5 4 15 L3 x x x 2014 Papaveraceae Dicentra cucullaria Dutchman's breeches 2 4 4 5 15 L3 x x 2014 Poaceae Dichanthelium acuminatum ssp. implicatum Columbia panic grass 4 4 4 4 16 L3 x x 2009 Thymelaeaceae Dirca palustris leatherwood 2 4 5 4 15 L3 x x 2004 Asteraceae Doellingeria umbellata var. umbellata flat-topped aster 3 4 3 4 14 L3 xp x x 2014 Dryopteridaceae Dryopteris clintoniana Clinton's wood fern 2 4 5 4 15 L3 x x x 2014 Cyperaceae Eleocharis acicularis needle spike-rush 3 2 4 5 14 L3 x x 2009 Cyperaceae Eleocharis obtusa blunt spike-rush 3 4 5 2 14 L3 x x 2010 Cyperaceae Eleocharis palustris Small's spike-rush 2 4 5 3 14 L3 x x 2009 Hydrocharitaceae Elodea nuttallii Nuttall's water-weed 4 3 5 3 15 L3 x x 2010 Onagraceae Epilobium leptophyllum narrow-leaved willow-herb 2 5 4 4 15 L3 x x 2014 Equisetaceae Equisetum fluviatile water horsetail 2 4 5 4 15 L3 x x x 2014 Equisetaceae Equisetum pratense thicket horsetail 2 4 5 3 14 L3 x x x 2014 Equisetaceae Equisetum scirpoides dwarf scouring-rush 2 4 5 5 16 L3 x x x 2014 Equisetaceae Equisetum x mackaii Mack's horsetail 5 2 4 3 14 L3 x x 2010 Equisetaceae Equisetum x nelsonii Nelson's horsetail 3 3 5 3 14 L3 x x 2009 Polygonaceae Fallopia cilinodis fringed black bindweed 3 4 4 3 14 L3 x x 2009 Rubiaceae Galium boreale northern bedstraw 3 4 4 3 14 L3 x x 2014 Rubiaceae Galium lanceolatum wild licorice 3 5 4 3 15 L3 x x 2010 Gentianaceae Gentiana andrewsii bottle gentian 3 4 4 5 16 L3 x x 2010 Rosaceae Geum rivale water avens 3 4 5 4 16 L3 x x 2014 Poaceae Glyceria septentrionalis eastern manna grass 2 3 5 4 14 L3 x x 2010 Woodsiaceae Gymnocarpium dryopteris oak fern 2 3 5 5 15 L3 x x x 2014 Hamamelidaceae Hamamelis virginiana witch-hazel 2 4 4 4 14 L3 x x 2014 Asteraceae Helianthus decapetalus thin-leaved sunflower 4 3 4 3 14 L3 x x 2010 Asteraceae Helianthus divaricatus woodland sunflower 4 3 4 4 15 L3 x x 2014
Page 106 Appendix 3a: Rouge National Urban Park Flora Species (all 2002-14) Status: e=extirpated; cf=ID un-certain; Local Popn. Hab. Sens. Total Rank p=planted; pr=pltd w regen Occur. Trend Dep. Dev. Score TRCA Rouge Rouge Total Most re- Family Scientific Name Common Name 1-5 1-5 0-5 0-5 2-20 Apr-14 Park N Park S Park cent obs
Boraginaceae Hydrophyllum canadense Canada waterleaf 2 3 5 4 14 L3 x x 2014 Hypericaceae Hypericum ascyron great St. John's-wort 3 4 5 2 14 L3 x x x 2009 Hypericaceae Hypericum punctatum spotted St. John's-wort 3 4 4 5 16 L3 x x 2009 Ericaceae Hypopitys monotropa pinesap 2 4 5 5 16 L3 x x x 2014 Aquifoliaceae Ilex verticillata winterberry 2 4 4 5 15 L3 x x 2010 Iridaceae Iris versicolor blue flag 2 5 4 5 16 L3 x x x 2009n Juglandaceae Juglans cinerea butternut 1 5 4 4 14 L3 x x x 2014 Juncaceae Juncus alpinoarticulatus Richardson's rush 4 3 4 3 14 L3 x x 2014 Cupressaceae Juniperus communis var. depressa common juniper 2 3 4 5 14 L3 x x x 2014 Pinaceae Larix laricina tamarack 2 4 4 4 14 L3 x x x 2011n Araceae Lemna trisulca star duckweed 2 4 5 3 14 L3 x x x 2014 Brassicaceae Lepidium virginicum Virginia pepper-grass 5 3 4 2 14 L3 x x 2010 Linderniaceae Lindernia dubia var. dubia false pimpernel 4 3 5 4 16 L3 x x 2009 Orchidaceae Liparis loeselii Loesel's twayblade 2 3 5 5 15 L3 x x 2014 Campanulaceae Lobelia inflata Indian tobacco 2 4 4 4 14 L3 x x 2014 Campanulaceae Lobelia siphilitica great blue lobelia 2 3 4 5 14 L3 x x x 2014 Caprifoliaceae Lonicera canadensis fly honeysuckle 2 4 4 4 14 L3 x x 2014 Caprifoliaceae Lonicera dioica wild honeysuckle 2 4 4 4 14 L3 x x 2014 Caprifoliaceae Lonicera hirsuta hairy honeysuckle 3 4 4 4 15 L3 x x 2014 Onagraceae Ludwigia palustris water purslane 3 3 4 4 14 L3 x x 2010 Juncaceae Luzula multiflora ssp. multiflora wood rush 4 4 4 3 15 L3 x x 2005 Primulaceae Lysimachia terrestris swamp candles 4 4 4 4 16 L3 x x 2009 Liliaceae Medeola virginiana Indian cucumber-root 2 5 4 5 16 L3 x x 2010 Menispermaceae Menispermum canadense moonseed 2 4 4 4 14 L3 x x x 2014 Poaceae Milium effusum wood millet 3 5 5 3 16 L3 x x 2002 Rubiaceae Mitchella repens partridgeberry 2 4 4 5 15 L3 x x x 2014 Saxifragaceae Mitella diphylla mitrewort 2 3 4 5 14 L3 x x x 2014 Saxifragaceae Mitella nuda naked mitrewort 2 4 5 5 16 L3 x x x 2014 Lamiaceae Monarda didyma bee-balm 4 3 4 4 15 L3 x x 2009 Ericaceae Monotropa uniflora Indian-pipe 2 4 5 5 16 L3 x x 2014 Asteraceae Nabalus albus white wood lettuce 3 4 4 3 14 L3 x x x 2014 Hydrocharitaceae Najas flexilis bushy naiad 2 4 5 5 16 L3 x x 2013 Nymphaeaceae Nuphar variegata bullhead lily 2 4 5 3 14 L3 x x 2013 Nymphaeaceae Nymphaea odorata ssp. tuberosa tuberous water-lily 4 3 5 3 15 L3 x x 2013 Onagraceae Oenothera oakesiana Oake's evening-primrose 4 3 5 3 15 L3 x x 2013 Apiaceae Osmorhiza longistylis smooth sweet cicely 3 4 4 4 15 L3 (zoo) 2010 Osmundaceae Osmundastrum cinnamomeum cinnamon fern 2 4 5 5 16 L3 x x x 2014 Plantaginaceae Penstemon digitalis foxglove beard-tongue 3 3 4 4 14 L3 x x 2010n Plantaginaceae Penstemon hirsutus hairy beard-tongue 4 4 4 3 15 L3 x x 2014 Polygonaceae Persicaria hydropiperoides mild water-pepper 4 2 5 3 14 L3 x x 2004 Rosaceae Physocarpus opulifolius ninebark 3 2 5 4 14 L3 x xpr x 2014 Poaceae Piptatherum racemosum black-fruited mountain-rice 3 3 5 4 15 L3 x x 2014 Poaceae Poa alsodes grove meadow grass 3 3 5 3 14 L3 x x x 2010 Poaceae Poa saltuensis ssp. saltuensis bushy spear grass 4 3 5 3 15 L3 x xcf x 2009 Potamogetonaceae Potamogeton amplifolius large-leaved pondweed 3 4 5 4 16 L3 x x 2004 Potamogetonaceae Potamogeton natans floating pondweed 2 4 5 3 14 L3 x x 2009n Potamogetonaceae Potamogeton richardsonii redhead pondweed 4 3 5 4 16 L3 x x 2004 Potamogetonaceae Potamogeton zosteriformis flat-stemmed pondweed 3 4 5 4 16 L3 x x 2014 Rosaceae Potentilla simplex old-field cinquefoil 3 3 4 4 14 L3 x x 2014
Page 107 Appendix 3a: Rouge National Urban Park Flora Species (all 2002-14) Status: e=extirpated; cf=ID un-certain; Local Popn. Hab. Sens. Total Rank p=planted; pr=pltd w regen Occur. Trend Dep. Dev. Score TRCA Rouge Rouge Total Most re- Family Scientific Name Common Name 1-5 1-5 0-5 0-5 2-20 Apr-14 Park N Park S Park cent obs
Rosaceae Potentilla supina ssp. paradoxa bushy cinquefoil 4 3 5 4 16 L3 x x 2013 Rosaceae Prunus nigra Canada plum 2 4 4 4 14 L3 x x x 2014 Fagaceae Quercus alba white oak 2 5 4 5 16 L3 x x 2014 Ranunculaceae Ranunculus pensylvanicus bristly buttercup 4 3 4 3 14 L3 x x 2010 Rhamnaceae Rhamnus alnifolia alder-leaved buckthorn 3 3 4 4 14 L3 x x 2004 Grossulariaceae Ribes hirtellum smooth gooseberry 3 4 4 4 15 L3 x x 2014 Grossulariaceae Ribes triste swamp red currant 2 4 4 5 15 L3 x x x 2014 Polygonaceae Rumex britannica great water dock 3 3 4 4 14 L3 x x 2009 Polygonaceae Rumex verticillatus swamp dock 4 3 4 4 15 L3 x x 2014 Alismataceae Sagittaria cuneata arum-leaved arrowhead 3 4 5 4 16 L3 x x 2009 Salicaceae Salix lucida shining willow 2 4 5 3 14 L3 x x x 2014 Salicaceae Salix nigra black willow 3 2 5 4 14 L3 x x 2014 Apiaceae Sanicula odorata clustered sanicle 4 3 4 3 14 L3 x x 2014 Cyperaceae Schoenoplectus acutus var. acutus hard-stemmed bulrush 3 3 5 4 15 L3 x x 2014 Cyperaceae Scirpus pendulus drooping bulrush 3 4 5 4 16 L3 x x x 2014 Asteraceae Solidago patula rough-leaved goldenrod 3 3 4 4 14 L3 x x 2009 Typhaceae Sparganium emersum green-fruited bur-reed 2 3 5 4 14 L3 x x 2010n Typhaceae Sparganium eurycarpum great bur-reed 2 4 5 4 15 L3 x x 2014 Orchidaceae Spiranthes cernua nodding ladies' tresses 3 3 5 4 15 L3 x x 2014 Poaceae Sporobolus cryptandrus sand dropseed 3 3 5 3 14 L3 x x 2010 Staphyleaceae Staphylea trifolia bladdernut 3 3 4 4 14 L3 x x 2010 Caryophyllaceae Stellaria longifolia long-leaved chickweed 3 3 4 4 14 L3 x x 2014 Colchicaceae Streptopus lanceolatus var. lanceolatus rose twisted-stalk 2 4 4 5 15 L3 x x x 2014 Caprifoliaceae Symphoricarpos albus var. albus eastern snowberry 3 4 4 5 16 L3 x x 2014 Asteraceae Symphyotrichum firmum shining aster 4 3 4 3 14 L3 x x x 2014 Taxaceae Taxus canadensis Canada yew 1 4 4 5 14 L3 x x x 2014 Lamiaceae Teucrium canadense ssp. canadense wood-sage 3 3 4 4 14 L3 x x 2014 Primulaceae Trientalis borealis star-flower 2 4 4 5 15 L3 x x x 2014 Brassicaceae Turritis glabra tower mustard 3 4 4 4 15 L3 x x 2014 Ulmaceae Ulmus rubra slippery elm 4 5 4 3 16 L3 x x 2014 Lentibulariaceae Utricularia vulgaris common bladderwort 3 4 5 4 16 L3 x x 2014 Colchicaceae Uvularia grandiflora large-flowered bellwort 1 4 5 5 15 L3 x x x 2014 Hydrocharitaceae Vallisneria americana tape-grass 3 4 5 4 16 L3 x x 2009 Adoxaceae Viburnum acerifolium maple-leaved viburnum 2 3 4 5 14 L3 x x x 2014 Violaceae Viola canadensis Canada violet 2 4 4 4 14 L3 x x 2010 Violaceae Viola macloskeyi northern white violet 3 4 4 3 14 L3 x x 2011 Violaceae Viola rostrata long-spurred violet 2 4 4 4 14 L3 x x 2014 Violaceae Viola selkirkii Selkirk's violet 3 3 4 4 14 L3 x x 2003 Araceae Wolffia borealis dotted water-meal 3 4 5 2 14 L3 x x 2012 Pinaceae Abies balsamea balsam fir 1 3 4 5 13 L4 x x x 2014 Sapindaceae Acer rubrum red maple 1 4 1 5 11 L4 x x x 2014 Sapindaceae Acer saccharinum silver maple 1 2 5 3 11 L4 x x x 2014 Sapindaceae Acer saccharum ssp. nigrum black maple 2 3 4 2 11 L4 x x x 2014 Sapindaceae Acer spicatum mountain maple 1 3 4 4 12 L4 x x x 2014 Sapindaceae Acer x freemanii hybrid swamp maple 2 3 5 2 12 L4 x x x 2014 Ranunculaceae Actaea pachypoda white baneberry 1 3 4 3 11 L4 x x x 2014 Amaryllidaceae Allium tricoccum wild leek 1 3 4 4 12 L4 x x x 2014 Rosaceae Amelanchier arborea downy serviceberry 2 2 4 3 11 L4 x x x 2014 Rosaceae Amelanchier interior hybrid serviceberry complex 3 3 3 3 12 L4 x x 2014
Page 108 Appendix 3a: Rouge National Urban Park Flora Species (all 2002-14) Status: e=extirpated; cf=ID un-certain; Local Popn. Hab. Sens. Total Rank p=planted; pr=pltd w regen Occur. Trend Dep. Dev. Score TRCA Rouge Rouge Total Most re- Family Scientific Name Common Name 1-5 1-5 0-5 0-5 2-20 Apr-14 Park N Park S Park cent obs
Rosaceae Amelanchier laevis smooth serviceberry 2 2 4 3 11 L4 x x x 2014 Rosaceae Amelanchier sanguinea round-leaved serviceberry 3 2 3 4 12 L4 x x x 2014 Fabaceae Apios americana ground-nut 3 4 3 3 13 L4 x x x 2014 Ranunculaceae Aquilegia canadensis wild columbine 1 4 3 5 13 L4 x x x 2014 Aristolochiaceae Asarum canadense wild ginger 2 3 4 3 12 L4 x x x 2014 Apocynaceae Asclepias incarnata ssp. incarnata swamp milkweed 1 3 4 4 12 L4 x x x 2014 Betulaceae Betula alleghaniensis yellow birch 1 4 3 5 13 L4 x x x 2014 Betulaceae Betula papyrifera paper birch 1 4 2 4 11 L4 x x x 2014 Asteraceae Bidens vulgata tall beggar's-ticks 2 2 3 4 11 L4 x x x 2014 Urticaceae Boehmeria cylindrica false nettle 2 4 4 3 13 L4 x x x 2014 Poaceae Bromus latiglumis eared brome 3 2 4 3 12 L4 x x 2014 Poaceae Calamagrostis canadensis Canada blue joint 1 3 4 4 12 L4 x x x 2014 Ranunculaceae Caltha palustris marsh marigold 1 4 3 4 12 L4 x x x 2014 Brassicaceae Cardamine diphylla broad-leaved toothwort 1 3 4 4 12 L4 x x x 2014 Brassicaceae Cardamine maxima hybrid toothwort 2 3 3 3 11 L4 x x 2014 Brassicaceae Cardamine pensylvanica bitter cress 2 2 4 4 12 L4 x x x 2014 Cyperaceae Carex aurea golden-fruited sedge 2 2 4 4 12 L4 x x x 2014 Cyperaceae Carex cephaloidea thin-leaved sedge 2 3 5 3 13 L4 x x 2014 Cyperaceae Carex cephalophora oval-headed sedge 2 3 4 4 13 L4 x x x 2014 Cyperaceae Carex communis fibrous-rooted sedge 2 4 3 3 12 L4 x x x 2014 Cyperaceae Carex deweyana Dewey's sedge 1 4 3 3 11 L4 x x x 2014 Cyperaceae Carex grisea grey sedge 4 2 4 3 13 L4 x x x 2014 Cyperaceae Carex hirtifolia hairy wood sedge 2 3 4 3 12 L4 x x x 2014 Cyperaceae Carex hitchcockiana Hitchcock's sedge 2 3 5 3 13 L4 x x x 2014 Cyperaceae Carex hystericina porcupine sedge 1 3 2 5 11 L4 x x x 2014 Cyperaceae Carex intumescens bladder sedge 2 4 4 2 12 L4 x x x 2014 Cyperaceae Carex lacustris lake-bank sedge 2 3 3 4 12 L4 x x x 2014 Cyperaceae Carex laxiflora loose-flowered sedge 2 3 4 3 12 L4 x x x 2014 Cyperaceae Carex lupulina hop sedge 1 4 4 4 13 L4 x x x 2014 Cyperaceae Carex peckii Peck's sedge 2 3 4 3 12 L4 x x x 2014 Cyperaceae Carex pellita woolly sedge 2 3 4 3 12 L4 x x x 2014 Cyperaceae Carex pensylvanica Pennsylvania sedge 1 4 3 4 12 L4 x x x 2014 Cyperaceae Carex projecta necklace sedge 3 2 4 3 12 L4 x x 2010 Cyperaceae Carex pseudocyperus pseudocyperus sedge 1 3 3 4 11 L4 x x x 2014 Cyperaceae Carex retrorsa retrorse sedge 1 3 3 4 11 L4 x x x 2014 Cyperaceae Carex scabrata rough sedge 2 3 4 3 12 L4 x x x 2014 Cyperaceae Carex sparganioides bur-reed sedge 2 2 5 2 11 L4 x x x 2014 Cyperaceae Carex sprengelii long-beaked sedge 2 4 4 2 12 L4 x x 2014 Cyperaceae Carex stricta tussock sedge 2 3 3 4 12 L4 x x 2014 Cyperaceae Carex tenera var. echinodes marsh straw sedge 3 3 2 3 11 L4 x x x 2014 Betulaceae Carpinus caroliniana ssp. virginiana blue beech 1 3 4 3 11 L4 x x x 2014 Juglandaceae Carya cordiformis bitternut hickory 1 4 4 2 11 L4 x x x 2014 Berberidaceae Caulophyllum giganteum long-styled blue cohosh 1 3 4 4 12 L4 x x x 2014 Ceratophyllaceae Ceratophyllum demersum coontail 1 3 5 3 12 L4 x x 2014 Apiaceae Cicuta bulbifera bulblet-bearing water-hemlock 2 3 4 3 12 L4 x x x 2014 Poaceae Cinna latifolia nodding wood reed 2 3 5 3 13 L4 x x 2014 Cornaceae Cornus rugosa round-leaved dogwood 2 4 4 3 13 L4 x x x 2014 Betulaceae Corylus cornuta beaked hazel 2 4 3 4 13 L4 x x x 2014 Rosaceae Crataegus coccinea var. coccinea scarlet hawthorn 3 2 3 3 11 L4 xcf xcf 2014
Page 109 Appendix 3a: Rouge National Urban Park Flora Species (all 2002-14) Status: e=extirpated; cf=ID un-certain; Local Popn. Hab. Sens. Total Rank p=planted; pr=pltd w regen Occur. Trend Dep. Dev. Score TRCA Rouge Rouge Total Most re- Family Scientific Name Common Name 1-5 1-5 0-5 0-5 2-20 Apr-14 Park N Park S Park cent obs
Rosaceae Crataegus holmesiana Holmes' hawthorn 3 3 4 3 13 L4 x x x 2014 Rosaceae Crataegus macracantha long-spined hawthorn 2 2 4 3 11 L4 x x x 2014 Rosaceae Crataegus submollis Emerson's hawthorn 2 3 4 3 12 L4 x x x 2014 Convolvulaceae Cuscuta gronovii swamp dodder 2 3 3 3 11 L4 x x x 2014 Woodsiaceae Cystopteris bulbifera bulblet fern 1 3 4 4 12 L4 x x x 2014 Poaceae Danthonia spicata poverty oat grass 2 3 3 4 12 L4 x x x 2014 Poaceae Dichanthelium acuminatum ssp. acuminatum hairy panic grass 2 3 3 3 11 L4 x x x 2014 Caprifoliaceae Diervilla lonicera bush honeysuckle 2 3 2 4 11 L4 x x x 2014 Dryopteridaceae Dryopteris cristata crested wood fern 1 4 4 4 13 L4 x x x 2014 Dryopteridaceae Dryopteris intermedia evergreen wood fern 1 4 4 3 12 L4 x x x 2014 Dryopteridaceae Dryopteris marginalis marginal wood fern 1 3 3 4 11 L4 x x x 2014 Dryopteridaceae Dryopteris x triploidea confusing hybrid wood fern 3 2 3 3 11 L4 x x 2014 Hydrocharitaceae Elodea canadensis common water-weed 1 3 5 3 12 L4 x x x 2014 Poaceae Elymus canadensis Canada wild rye 3 2 5 3 13 L4 x x 2013 Poaceae Elymus hystrix bottle-brush grass 2 3 4 3 12 L4 x x x 2014 Poaceae Elymus riparius riverbank wild rye 2 2 4 4 12 L4 x x x 2014 Orobanchaceae Epifagus virginiana beech-drops 2 3 5 2 12 L4 x x x 2014 Equisetaceae Equisetum variegatum ssp. variegatum variegated scouring-rush 2 2 5 4 13 L4 x x x 2014 Asteraceae Eupatorium perfoliatum boneset 1 3 4 3 11 L4 x x x 2014 Fagaceae Fagus grandifolia American beech 1 4 3 4 12 L4 x x x 2014 Poaceae Festuca subverticillata nodding fescue 3 2 4 3 12 L4 x x 2014 Oleaceae Fraxinus nigra black ash 1 4 4 3 12 L4 x x x 2014 Geraniaceae Geranium maculatum wild geranium 2 3 4 3 12 L4 x x 2014 Rosaceae Geum fragarioides barren strawberry 2 4 4 3 13 L4 x x x 2014 Araliaceae Hydrocotyle americana marsh pennywort 2 3 4 4 13 L4 x x x 2014 Balsaminaceae Impatiens pallida yellow touch-me-not 2 3 4 2 11 L4 x x 2014 Juncaceae Juncus arcticus ssp. balticus Baltic rush 3 2 5 2 12 L4 x x 2014 Juncaceae Juncus effusus soft rush 1 4 4 3 12 L4 x x x 2014 Juncaceae Juncus nodosus knotted rush 2 2 5 3 12 L4 x x x 2014 Juncaceae Juncus torreyi Torrey's rush 2 3 4 2 11 L4 x x x 2014 Cupressaceae Juniperus virginiana red cedar 2 2 4 3 11 L4 x x x 2014 Asteraceae Lactuca biennis tall blue lettuce 2 4 2 4 12 L4 x x x 2014 Poaceae Leersia virginica white grass 3 2 5 3 13 L4 x x 2014 Araceae Lemna turionifera turion duckweed 5 2 3 3 13 L4 x x x 2014 Liliaceae Lilium michiganense Michigan lily 1 4 3 5 13 L4 x x x 2014 Lamiaceae Lycopus americanus cut-leaved water-horehound 1 4 3 3 11 L4 x x x 2014 Primulaceae Lysimachia thyrsiflora tufted loosestrife 2 3 4 4 13 L4 x x x 2009 Asparagaceae Maianthemum canadense Canada May-flower 1 4 1 5 11 L4 x x x 2014 Phrymaceae Mimulus ringens square-stemmed monkey-flower 2 3 3 4 12 L4 x x x 2014 Poaceae Muhlenbergia frondosa wire-stemmed muhly grass 4 2 4 2 12 L4 x x 2014 Boraginaceae Myosotis laxa smaller forget-me-not 2 4 3 4 13 L4 x x x 2014 Poaceae Oryzopsis asperifolia white-fruited mountain-rice 2 4 3 4 13 L4 x x x 2014 Apiaceae Osmorhiza claytonii woolly sweet cicely 2 3 4 3 12 L4 x x 2014 Haloragaceae Penthorum sedoides ditch stonecrop 3 2 4 3 12 L4 x x 2012 Polygonaceae Persicaria amphibia var. stipulacea water smartweed 4 2 4 3 13 L4 xcf xcf xcf 2010 Polygonaceae Persicaria pensylvanica Pennsylvania smartweed 2 2 4 3 11 L4 x x 2014 Urticaceae Pilea fontana spring clearweed 2 3 4 4 13 L4 x x x 2014 Pinaceae Pinus strobus white pine 1 4 3 4 12 L4 x x x 2014 Asparagaceae Polygonatum pubescens downy Solomon's seal 1 4 2 5 12 L4 x x x 2014
Page 110 Appendix 3a: Rouge National Urban Park Flora Species (all 2002-14) Status: e=extirpated; cf=ID un-certain; Local Popn. Hab. Sens. Total Rank p=planted; pr=pltd w regen Occur. Trend Dep. Dev. Score TRCA Rouge Rouge Total Most re- Family Scientific Name Common Name 1-5 1-5 0-5 0-5 2-20 Apr-14 Park N Park S Park cent obs
Dryopteridaceae Polystichum acrostichoides Christmas fern 1 3 5 4 13 L4 x x x 2014 Salicaceae Populus grandidentata large-toothed aspen 1 3 4 3 11 L4 x x x 2014 Potamogetonaceae Potamogeton foliosus leafy pondweed 1 3 5 4 13 L4 x x x 2014 Rosaceae Prunus pensylvanica pin cherry 2 4 3 3 12 L4 x x x 2014 Dennstaedtiaceae Pteridium aquilinum var. latiusculum eastern bracken 1 4 2 4 11 L4 x x x 2014 Ericaceae Pyrola elliptica shinleaf 1 4 4 4 13 L4 x x 2014 Fagaceae Quercus macrocarpa bur oak 1 4 3 3 11 L4 x x x 2014 Fagaceae Quercus rubra red oak 1 4 2 4 11 L4 x x x 2014 Ranunculaceae Ranunculus hispidus var. caricetorum swamp buttercup 2 4 4 3 13 L4 x x x 2014 Brassicaceae Rorippa palustris ssp. hispida hispid marsh cress 3 2 4 2 11 L4 x x x 2010 Rosaceae Rosa blanda smooth wild rose 2 3 3 4 12 L4 x x x 2014 Rosaceae Rubus pubescens dwarf raspberry 2 3 3 5 13 L4 x x x 2014 Asteraceae Rudbeckia hirta black-eyed Susan 1 4 4 3 12 L4 x x x 2014 Alismataceae Sagittaria latifolia common arrowhead 1 2 5 4 12 L4 x x x 2014 Salicaceae Salix amygdaloides peach-leaved willow 1 2 5 3 11 L4 x x x 2014 Salicaceae Salix bebbiana Bebb's willow 1 3 3 4 11 L4 x x x 2014 Salicaceae Salix discolor pussy willow 1 3 4 3 11 L4 x x x 2014 Salicaceae Salix petiolaris slender willow 2 3 5 3 13 L4 x x x 2014 Apiaceae Sanicula marilandica sanicle 3 3 3 3 12 L4 x x x 2014 Poaceae Schizachne purpurascens purple melic grass 2 3 3 5 13 L4 x x x 2014 Cyperaceae Schoenoplectus pungens var. pungens three-square 3 2 5 3 13 L4 x x 2009n Cyperaceae Schoenoplectus tabernaemontani soft-stemmed bulrush 1 2 5 3 11 L4 x x x 2014 Cyperaceae Scirpus cyperinus woolly bulrush 2 3 3 5 13 L4 x x x 2014 Iridaceae Sisyrinchium montanum blue-eyed grass 1 3 4 5 13 L4 x x x 2014 Apiaceae Sium suave water-parsnip 2 2 4 4 12 L4 x x x 2014 Smilacaceae Smilax tamnoides bristly greenbrier 3 3 3 3 12 L4 x x 2014 Asteraceae Solidago juncea early goldenrod 2 3 4 2 11 L4 x x x 2014 Poaceae Sphenopholis intermedia slender wedge grass 2 3 4 4 13 L4 x x 2014 Rosaceae Spiraea alba wild spiraea 2 4 4 3 13 L4 x x 2009n Araceae Spirodela polyrhiza greater duckweed 1 4 5 3 13 L4 x x x 2014 Potamogetonaceae Stuckenia pectinata sago pondweed 2 2 5 3 12 L4 x x x 2014 Asteraceae Symphyotrichum oolentangiense sky-blue aster 2 1 4 4 11 L4 x x 2014 Asteraceae Symphyotrichum urophyllum arrow-leaved aster 2 3 4 4 13 L4 x x 2010 Thelypteridaceae Thelypteris palustris var. pubescens marsh fern 1 4 2 4 11 L4 x x x 2014 Cupressaceae Thuja occidentalis white cedar 1 4 1 5 11 L4 x x x 2014 Saxifragaceae Tiarella cordifolia foam-flower 1 3 3 4 11 L4 x x x 2014 Melanthiaceae Trillium erectum red trillium 1 4 3 5 13 L4 x x x 2014 Melanthiaceae Trillium grandiflorum white trillium 1 3 4 5 13 L4 x x x 2014 Pinaceae Tsuga canadensis eastern hemlock 1 4 3 5 13 L4 x x x 2014 Typhaceae Typha latifolia broad-leaved cattail 1 4 4 4 13 L4 x x x 2014 Plantaginaceae Veronica americana American speedwell 2 3 4 4 13 L4 x x 2014 Plantaginaceae Veronica anagallis-aquatica water speedwell 3 3 4 3 13 L4 x x 2014 Violaceae Viola cucullata marsh blue violet 2 3 4 4 13 L4 x x 2014 Violaceae Viola sororia var. affinis Le Conte's violet 2 4 4 3 13 L4 x x x 2014 Araceae Wolffia columbiana Columbia water-meal 2 4 5 2 13 L4 x x x 2014 Euphorbiaceae Acalypha rhomboidea three-seeded mercury 2 1 2 0 5 L5 x x x 2014 Sapindaceae Acer saccharum ssp. saccharum sugar maple 1 3 0 2 6 L5 x x x 2014 Asteraceae Achillea millefolium ssp. lanulosa woolly yarrow 1 2 0 1 4 L5 x x x 2014 Ranunculaceae Actaea rubra ssp. rubra red baneberry 1 3 1 3 8 L5 x x x 2014
Page 111 Appendix 3a: Rouge National Urban Park Flora Species (all 2002-14) Status: e=extirpated; cf=ID un-certain; Local Popn. Hab. Sens. Total Rank p=planted; pr=pltd w regen Occur. Trend Dep. Dev. Score TRCA Rouge Rouge Total Most re- Family Scientific Name Common Name 1-5 1-5 0-5 0-5 2-20 Apr-14 Park N Park S Park cent obs
Asteraceae Ageratina altissima var. altissima white snakeroot 1 2 2 1 6 L5 x x x 2014 Rosaceae Agrimonia gryposepala agrimony 1 2 0 2 5 L5 x x x 2014 Alismataceae Alisma triviale water-plantain 1 2 4 2 9 L5 x x x 2014 Asteraceae Ambrosia artemisiifolia common ragweed 1 1 3 0 5 L5 x x x 2014 Asteraceae Ambrosia trifida giant ragweed 3 1 4 0 8 L5 x x 2010 Fabaceae Amphicarpaea bracteata hog-peanut 2 2 2 2 8 L5 x x x 2014 Ranunculaceae Anemone canadensis Canada anemone 1 2 2 2 7 L5 x x x 2014 Ranunculaceae Anemone virginiana common thimbleweed 1 3 0 3 7 L5 x x x 2014 Asteraceae Antennaria howellii ssp. howellii Howell's pussytoes 2 2 3 3 10 L5 xcf x x 2014 Apocynaceae Apocynum androsaemifolium spreading dogbane 1 3 2 4 10 L5 x x x 2014 Apocynaceae Apocynum cannabinum var. cannabinum hemp dogbane 3 2 2 2 9 L5 x x x 2014 Apocynaceae Apocynum cannabinum var. hypericifolium clasping-leaved hemp dogbane 3 2 3 2 10 L5 x x 2009 Araliaceae Aralia nudicaulis wild sarsaparilla 1 3 1 4 9 L5 x x x 2014 Araceae Arisaema triphyllum Jack-in-the-pulpit 1 3 2 3 9 L5 x x x 2014 Apocynaceae Asclepias syriaca common milkweed 1 2 0 2 5 L5 x x x 2014 Woodsiaceae Athyrium filix-femina var. angustum northeastern lady fern 1 3 1 3 8 L5 x x x 2014 Asteraceae Bidens cernua nodding bur-marigold 1 2 3 3 9 L5 x x x 2014 Asteraceae Bidens frondosa common beggar's-ticks 1 1 4 0 6 L5 x x x 2014 Asteraceae Bidens tripartita three-parted beggar's-ticks 2 2 4 2 10 L5 x x x 2014 Convolvulaceae Calystegia sepium ssp. americana pink hedge bindweed 4 2 2 2 10 L5 x x 2014 Cyperaceae Carex arctata nodding wood sedge 1 4 2 3 10 L5 x x x 2014 Cyperaceae Carex bebbii Bebb's sedge 1 2 3 3 9 L5 x x x 2014 Cyperaceae Carex blanda common wood sedge 1 2 1 2 6 L5 x x x 2014 Cyperaceae Carex cristatella crested sedge 1 2 4 1 8 L5 x x x 2014 Cyperaceae Carex gracillima graceful sedge 1 3 4 2 10 L5 x x x 2014 Cyperaceae Carex granularis meadow sedge 1 2 1 3 7 L5 x x x 2014 Cyperaceae Carex pedunculata early-flowering sedge 1 3 3 3 10 L5 x x x 2014 Cyperaceae Carex radiata straight-styled sedge 1 2 2 2 7 L5 x x x 2014 Cyperaceae Carex rosea curly-styled sedge 1 2 3 2 8 L5 x x x 2014 Cyperaceae Carex stipata awl-fruited sedge 2 3 2 3 10 L5 x x x 2014 Cyperaceae Carex vulpinoidea fox sedge 1 2 4 1 8 L5 x x x 2014 Amaranthaceae Chenopodium simplex maple-leaved goosefoot 3 2 3 1 9 L5 x x 2007 Apiaceae Cicuta maculata spotted water-hemlock 1 2 2 2 7 L5 x x x 2014 Onagraceae Circaea canadensis ssp. canadensis enchanter's nightshade 1 1 1 1 4 L5 x x x 2014 Ranunculaceae Clematis virginiana virgin's bower 1 2 2 3 8 L5 x x x 2014 Lamiaceae Clinopodium vulgare wild basil 2 3 1 3 9 L5 x x x 2014 Cornaceae Cornus alternifolia alternate-leaved dogwood 1 2 1 2 6 L5 x x x 2014 Cornaceae Cornus foemina ssp. racemosa grey dogwood 2 2 3 2 9 L5 x x x 2014 Cornaceae Cornus stolonifera red osier dogwood 1 2 0 3 6 L5 x x x 2014 Rosaceae Crataegus punctata dotted hawthorn 1 2 3 3 9 L5 x x x 2014 Apiaceae Cryptotaenia canadensis honewort 2 2 4 1 9 L5 x x x 2014 Fabaceae Desmodium canadense showy tick-trefoil 2 2 3 3 10 L5 x x x 2014 Dryopteridaceae Dryopteris carthusiana spinulose wood fern 1 3 2 2 8 L5 x x x 2014 Poaceae Echinochloa muricata var. microstachya small-spiked barnyard grass 3 2 4 0 9 L5 x x 2014 Cucurbitaceae Echinocystis lobata wild cucumber 1 2 3 1 7 L5 x x x 2014 Cyperaceae Eleocharis erythropoda creeping spike-rush 1 2 4 1 8 L5 x x x 2014 Poaceae Elymus virginicus var. virginicus Virginia wild rye 2 2 3 2 9 L5 x x x 2014 Onagraceae Epilobium ciliatum ssp. ciliatum sticky willow-herb 1 2 2 2 7 L5 x x x 2014 Onagraceae Epilobium coloratum purple-leaved willow-herb 1 3 4 2 10 L5 x x x 2014
Page 112 Appendix 3a: Rouge National Urban Park Flora Species (all 2002-14) Status: e=extirpated; cf=ID un-certain; Local Popn. Hab. Sens. Total Rank p=planted; pr=pltd w regen Occur. Trend Dep. Dev. Score TRCA Rouge Rouge Total Most re- Family Scientific Name Common Name 1-5 1-5 0-5 0-5 2-20 Apr-14 Park N Park S Park cent obs
Equisetaceae Equisetum arvense field horsetail 1 2 1 1 5 L5 x x x 2014 Equisetaceae Equisetum hyemale ssp. affine scouring-rush 2 2 2 2 8 L5 x x x 2014 Asteraceae Erigeron annuus daisy fleabane 1 2 0 1 4 L5 x x x 2014 Asteraceae Erigeron canadensis horse-weed 2 1 2 0 5 L5 x x x 2014 Asteraceae Erigeron philadelphicus var. philadelphicus Philadelphia fleabane 1 2 0 1 4 L5 x x x 2014 Asteraceae Erigeron strigosus rough fleabane 2 2 1 1 6 L5 x x 2014 Liliaceae Erythronium americanum ssp. americanum yellow trout-lily 1 3 3 2 9 L5 x x x 2014 Asteraceae Eurybia macrophylla big-leaved aster 1 3 2 4 10 L5 x x x 2014 Asteraceae Euthamia graminifolia grass-leaved goldenrod 1 1 4 1 7 L5 x x x 2014 Asteraceae Eutrochium maculatum var. maculatum spotted Joe-Pye weed 1 2 3 3 9 L5 x x x 2014 Rosaceae Fragaria vesca ssp. americana woodland strawberry 2 2 2 2 8 L5 x x x 2014 Rosaceae Fragaria virginiana ssp. glauca blue-leaved wild strawberry 4 2 0 2 8 L5 x x x 2014 Rosaceae Fragaria virginiana ssp. virginiana common wild strawberry 2 2 0 2 6 L5 x x x 2014 Oleaceae Fraxinus americana white ash 1 2 0 3 6 L5 x x x 2014 Oleaceae Fraxinus pennsylvanica red ash 1 2 0 3 6 L5 x x x 2014 Rubiaceae Galium aparine cleavers 2 1 3 2 8 L5 x x x 2014 Rubiaceae Galium asprellum rough bedstraw 2 2 4 2 10 L5 x x x 2014 Rubiaceae Galium palustre marsh bedstraw 1 2 3 3 9 L5 x x x 2014 Rubiaceae Galium triflorum sweet-scented bedstraw 2 2 2 2 8 L5 x x x 2014 Rosaceae Geum aleppicum yellow avens 1 3 3 2 9 L5 x x x 2014 Rosaceae Geum canadense white avens 1 2 1 2 6 L5 x x x 2014 Poaceae Glyceria grandis tall manna grass 1 3 4 2 10 L5 x x x 2014 Poaceae Glyceria striata fowl manna grass 1 2 1 2 6 L5 x x x 2014 Boraginaceae Hackelia virginiana Virginia stickseed 1 2 0 2 5 L5 x x x 2014 Asteraceae Helianthus tuberosus Jerusalem artichoke 2 1 2 0 5 L5 x x 2014 Apiaceae Heracleum maximum cow-parsnip 2 2 3 2 9 L5 x x x 2014 Boraginaceae Hydrophyllum virginianum Virginia waterleaf 1 2 1 2 6 L5 x x x 2014 Balsaminaceae Impatiens capensis orange touch-me-not 1 2 0 2 5 L5 x x x 2014 Juglandaceae Juglans nigra black walnut 1 1 2 1 5 L5 x x x 2014 Juncaceae Juncus articulatus jointed rush 1 2 4 2 9 L5 x x x 2014 Juncaceae Juncus bufonius toad rush 3 1 4 1 9 L5 x x x 2014 Juncaceae Juncus dudleyi Dudley's rush 1 2 3 1 7 L5 x x x 2014 Juncaceae Juncus tenuis path rush 1 2 1 1 5 L5 x x x 2014 Urticaceae Laportea canadensis wood nettle 1 3 2 2 8 L5 x x x 2014 Poaceae Leersia oryzoides rice cut grass 1 2 3 2 8 L5 x x x 2014 Araceae Lemna minor common duckweed 1 2 4 2 9 L5 x x x 2014 Lamiaceae Lycopus uniflorus northern water-horehound 1 3 3 3 10 L5 x x x 2014 Primulaceae Lysimachia ciliata fringed loosestrife 1 2 2 2 7 L5 x x x 2014 Asparagaceae Maianthemum racemosum ssp. racemosum false Solomon's seal 1 3 2 3 9 L5 x x x 2014 Asparagaceae Maianthemum stellatum starry false Solomon's seal 1 2 1 3 7 L5 x x x 2014 Onocleaceae Matteuccia struthiopteris var. pensylvanica ostrich fern 1 2 2 2 7 L5 x x x 2014 Lamiaceae Mentha arvensis ssp. borealis wild mint 1 2 3 2 8 L5 x x x 2014 Lamiaceae Monarda fistulosa wild bergamot 2 3 2 3 10 L5 x x x 2014 Poaceae Muhlenbergia mexicana var. filiformis slender muhly grass 4 2 0 2 8 L5 x x x 2014 Poaceae Muhlenbergia mexicana var. mexicana common muhly grass 2 2 0 1 5 L5 x x 2014 Asteraceae Nabalus altissimus tall wood lettuce 1 3 2 2 8 L5 x x x 2014 Onagraceae Oenothera biennis common evening-primrose 1 1 1 1 4 L5 x x x 2014 Onocleaceae Onoclea sensibilis sensitive fern 1 3 1 3 8 L5 x x x 2014 Betulaceae Ostrya virginiana ironwood 1 3 2 2 8 L5 x x x 2014
Page 113 Appendix 3a: Rouge National Urban Park Flora Species (all 2002-14) Status: e=extirpated; cf=ID un-certain; Local Popn. Hab. Sens. Total Rank p=planted; pr=pltd w regen Occur. Trend Dep. Dev. Score TRCA Rouge Rouge Total Most re- Family Scientific Name Common Name 1-5 1-5 0-5 0-5 2-20 Apr-14 Park N Park S Park cent obs
Oxalidaceae Oxalis dillenii deflexed yellow wood-sorrel 3 1 0 1 5 L5 x x x 2014 Oxalidaceae Oxalis stricta common yellow wood-sorrel 1 1 1 1 4 L5 x x x 2014 Poaceae Panicum capillare panic grass 2 1 4 1 8 L5 x x x 2014 Urticaceae Parietaria pensylvanica Pennsylvania pellitory 3 2 3 2 10 L5 x x 2014 Vitaceae Parthenocissus inserta thicket creeper 1 2 0 1 4 L5 x x x 2014 Vitaceae Parthenocissus quinquefolia Virginia creeper 3 1 4 2 10 L5 x x 2009 Polygonaceae Persicaria lapathifolia pale smartweed 2 1 4 0 7 L5 x x x 2014 Phrymaceae Phryma leptostachya lopseed 2 2 3 2 9 L5 x x x 2014 Solanaceae Physalis heterophylla clammy ground-cherry 2 2 3 3 10 L5 x x 2014 Urticaceae Pilea pumila dwarf clearweed 1 2 1 1 5 L5 x x x 2014 Plantaginaceae Plantago rugelii red-stemmed plantain 1 2 0 1 4 L5 x x x 2014 Poaceae Poa palustris fowl meadow-grass 1 2 3 2 8 L5 x x x 2014 Berberidaceae Podophyllum peltatum May-apple 1 3 3 2 9 L5 x x x 2014 Salicaceae Populus balsamifera balsam poplar 1 2 3 2 8 L5 x x x 2014 Salicaceae Populus deltoides cottonwood 1 1 4 1 7 L5 x x x 2014 Salicaceae Populus tremuloides trembling aspen 1 3 1 3 8 L5 x x x 2014 Salicaceae Populus x jackii Jack's poplar 3 2 4 1 10 L5 x x 2014 Rosaceae Potentilla anserina ssp. anserina silverweed 2 2 3 2 9 L5 x x 2014 Lamiaceae Prunella vulgaris ssp. lanceolata heal-all (native) 1 2 3 2 8 L5 x x x 2014 Rosaceae Prunus serotina black cherry 1 2 0 2 5 L5 x x x 2014 Rosaceae Prunus virginiana var. virginiana choke cherry 1 2 0 1 4 L5 x x x 2014 Ranunculaceae Ranunculus abortivus kidney-leaved buttercup 1 3 1 2 7 L5 x x x 2014 Ranunculaceae Ranunculus recurvatus var. recurvatus hooked buttercup 1 3 2 3 9 L5 x x x 2014 Ranunculaceae Ranunculus sceleratus cursed crowfoot 2 2 3 2 9 L5 x x x 2014 Anacardiaceae Rhus typhina staghorn sumach 1 1 2 2 6 L5 x x x 2014 Grossulariaceae Ribes americanum wild black currant 1 3 2 2 8 L5 x x x 2014 Grossulariaceae Ribes cynosbati prickly gooseberry 1 3 2 2 8 L5 x x x 2014 Brassicaceae Rorippa palustris ssp. palustris Fernald's marsh cress 2 2 4 2 10 L5 x x 2012 Rosaceae Rubus allegheniensis common blackberry 1 3 0 1 5 L5 x x x 2014 Rosaceae Rubus idaeus ssp. strigosus wild red raspberry 1 1 0 1 3 L5 x x x 2014 Rosaceae Rubus occidentalis wild black raspberry 1 1 0 1 3 L5 x x x 2014 Rosaceae Rubus odoratus purple-flowering raspberry 2 2 2 2 8 L5 x x x 2014 Salicaceae Salix eriocephala narrow heart-leaved willow 1 1 3 1 6 L5 x x x 2014 Salicaceae Salix interior sandbar willow 1 1 5 2 9 L5 x x x 2014 Adoxaceae Sambucus canadensis common elderberry 1 3 2 2 8 L5 x x x 2014 Adoxaceae Sambucus racemosa ssp. pubens red-berried elder 1 3 2 2 8 L5 x x x 2014 Papaveraceae Sanguinaria canadensis bloodroot 1 3 0 3 7 L5 x x x 2014 Cyperaceae Scirpus atrovirens black-fruited bulrush 1 2 4 2 9 L5 x x x 2014 Cyperaceae Scirpus microcarpus barber-pole bulrush 1 2 4 3 10 L5 x x x 2014 Lamiaceae Scutellaria galericulata common skullcap 2 2 3 2 9 L5 x x x 2014 Lamiaceae Scutellaria lateriflora mad-dog skullcap 2 2 3 3 10 L5 x x x 2014 Asteraceae Silphium perfoliatum cup-plant 4 1 3 2 10 L5 x x 2010n Smilacaceae Smilax herbacea carrion-flower 2 3 2 2 9 L5 x x x 2014 Solanaceae Solanum ptychanthum American black nightshade 3 1 4 0 8 L5 x x x 2014 Asteraceae Solidago altissima tall goldenrod 1 2 0 0 3 L5 x x x 2014 Asteraceae Solidago caesia blue-stemmed goldenrod 1 2 4 2 9 L5 x x x 2014 Asteraceae Solidago canadensis var. canadensis Canada goldenrod 1 2 0 1 4 L5 x x x 2014 Asteraceae Solidago flexicaulis zig-zag goldenrod 1 1 3 2 7 L5 x x x 2014 Asteraceae Solidago gigantea late goldenrod 1 1 1 1 4 L5 x x x 2014
Page 114 Appendix 3a: Rouge National Urban Park Flora Species (all 2002-14) Status: e=extirpated; cf=ID un-certain; Local Popn. Hab. Sens. Total Rank p=planted; pr=pltd w regen Occur. Trend Dep. Dev. Score TRCA Rouge Rouge Total Most re- Family Scientific Name Common Name 1-5 1-5 0-5 0-5 2-20 Apr-14 Park N Park S Park cent obs
Asteraceae Solidago nemoralis ssp. nemoralis grey goldenrod 2 2 2 2 8 L5 x x x 2014 Asteraceae Symphyotrichum cordifolium heart-leaved aster 1 1 0 2 4 L5 x x x 2014 Asteraceae Symphyotrichum ericoides var. ericoides heath aster 1 1 2 1 5 L5 x x x 2014 Asteraceae Symphyotrichum lanceolatum var. lanceolatum panicled aster 1 2 3 1 7 L5 x x x 2014 Asteraceae Symphyotrichum lateriflorum var. lateriflorum calico aster 1 2 3 2 8 L5 x x x 2014 Asteraceae Symphyotrichum novae-angliae New England aster 1 2 2 1 6 L5 x x x 2014 Asteraceae Symphyotrichum puniceum var. puniceum swamp aster 1 2 2 2 7 L5 x x x 2014 Asteraceae Symphyotrichum x amethystinum amethyst aster 3 2 2 2 9 L5 x x x 2014 Ranunculaceae Thalictrum dioicum early meadow rue 1 3 3 2 9 L5 x x x 2014 Ranunculaceae Thalictrum pubescens tall meadow rue 1 3 2 2 8 L5 x x x 2014 Malvaceae Tilia americana basswood 1 3 2 3 9 L5 x x x 2014 Anacardiaceae Toxicodendron radicans var. radicans poison ivy (vine form) 2 2 4 2 10 L5 x x x 2014 Anacardiaceae Toxicodendron radicans var. rydbergii poison ivy (shrub form) 1 2 0 2 5 L5 x x x 2014 Ulmaceae Ulmus americana white elm 1 4 0 2 7 L5 x x x 2014 Urticaceae Urtica dioica ssp. gracilis American stinging nettle 1 3 2 2 8 L5 x x x 2014 Verbenaceae Verbena hastata blue vervain 1 2 4 2 9 L5 x x x 2014 Verbenaceae Verbena urticifolia white vervain 1 2 2 2 7 L5 x x x 2014 Adoxaceae Viburnum lentago nannyberry 1 3 1 2 7 L5 x x x 2014 Violaceae Viola labradorica dog violet 1 2 0 2 5 L5 x x x 2014 Violaceae Viola pubescens var. pubescens downy yellow violet 3 4 1 2 10 L5 x x 2014 Violaceae Viola pubescens var. scabriuscula smooth yellow violet 3 4 1 2 10 L5 x x x 2014 Violaceae Viola sororia var. sororia common blue violet 1 2 0 2 5 L5 x x x 2014 Vitaceae Vitis riparia riverbank grape 1 1 0 0 2 L5 x x x 2014 Asteraceae Xanthium strumarium clotbur 2 1 4 0 7 L5 x x x 2014 Malvaceae Abutilon theophrasti velvet-leaf 3 0 0 2 5 L+ x x x 2014 Sapindaceae Acer platanoides Norway maple 2 0 0 0 2 L+ x x x 2014 Sapindaceae Acer tataricum ssp. ginnala Amur maple 3 0 0 2 5 L+ x x 2014 Asteraceae Achillea millefolium ssp. millefolium European yarrow 3 0 0 0 3 L+ x x 2010 Apiaceae Aegopodium podagraria goutweed 2 0 0 0 2 L+ x x x 2014 Sapindaceae Aesculus hippocastanum horse-chestnut 2 0 0 0 2 L+ x x x 2014 Poaceae Agrostis gigantea redtop 2 0 0 0 2 L+ x x x 2014 Lamiaceae Ajuga reptans common bugle 3 0 0 0 3 L+ x x 2014 Brassicaceae Alliaria petiolata garlic mustard 1 0 0 0 1 L+ x x x 2014 Amaryllidaceae Allium vineale field garlic 5 0 0 0 5 L+ x x 2014 Betulaceae Alnus glutinosa European alder 2 0 0 0 2 L+ x x 2014 Poaceae Alopecurus pratensis meadow foxtail 3 0 0 0 3 L+ x x x 2014 Brassicaceae Alyssum alyssoides yellow alyssum 5 0 0 0 5 L+ x x 2004 Amaranthaceae Amaranthus albus tumbleweed 5 0 0 0 5 L+ x x 2010 Amaranthaceae Amaranthus blitoides prostrate pigweed 5 0 0 0 5 L+ x x 2005 Amaranthaceae Amaranthus retroflexus red-root pigweed 2 0 0 0 2 L+ x x x 2014 Fabaceae Amorpha fruticosa shrubby false indigo 3 0 0 0 3 L+ xpr x x 2014 Primulaceae Anagallis arvensis scarlet pimpernel 2 0 0 0 2 L+ x x x 2014 Asteraceae Anthemis cotula stinking mayweed 4 0 0 0 4 L+ x x 2014 Ranunculaceae Aquilegia vulgaris garden columbine 3 0 0 0 3 L+ x x 2014 Asteraceae Arctium lappa great burdock 1 0 0 0 1 L+ x x x 2014 Asteraceae Arctium minus common burdock 1 0 0 0 1 L+ x x x 2014 Caryophyllaceae Arenaria serpyllifolia thyme-leaved sandwort 3 0 0 0 3 L+ x x 2014 Asteraceae Artemisia biennis biennial wormwood 3 0 0 0 3 L+ x x x 2014 Asteraceae Artemisia ludoviciana western mugwort 5 0 0 0 5 L+ x x 2014
Page 115 Appendix 3a: Rouge National Urban Park Flora Species (all 2002-14) Status: e=extirpated; cf=ID un-certain; Local Popn. Hab. Sens. Total Rank p=planted; pr=pltd w regen Occur. Trend Dep. Dev. Score TRCA Rouge Rouge Total Most re- Family Scientific Name Common Name 1-5 1-5 0-5 0-5 2-20 Apr-14 Park N Park S Park cent obs
Asteraceae Artemisia vulgaris common mugwort 3 0 0 0 3 L+ x x x 2014 Asparagaceae Asparagus officinalis asparagus 2 0 0 0 2 L+ x x x 2014 Brassicaceae Barbarea vulgaris winter cress 1 0 0 0 1 L+ x x x 2014 Asteraceae Bellis perennis English daisy 5 ns ns ns 5 L+ x x 2014 Berberidaceae Berberis thunbergii Japanese barberry 2 0 0 0 2 L+ x x x 2014 Berberidaceae Berberis vulgaris common barberry 3 0 0 0 3 L+ x x 2014 Betulaceae Betula pendula European white birch 2 0 0 0 2 L+ x x x 2014 Brassicaceae Brassica juncea brown mustard 5 0 0 0 5 L+ x x 2014 Brassicaceae Brassica rapa turnip 5 0 0 0 5 L+ x x 2002 Poaceae Bromus hordeaceus ssp. hordeaceus soft brome 5 0 0 0 5 L+ x x 2004 Poaceae Bromus inermis smooth brome grass 1 0 0 0 1 L+ x x x 2014 Poaceae Bromus japonicus Japanese chess 4 0 0 0 4 L+ x x 2010 Poaceae Bromus tectorum downy chess 3 0 0 0 3 L+ x x 2014 Buxaceae Buxus sempervirens boxwood 5 0 0 0 5 L+ x x 2014 Campanulaceae Campanula rapunculoides creeping bellflower 2 0 0 0 2 L+ x x x 2014 Bignoniaceae Campsis radicans trumpet creeper L+ x x 2014 Brassicaceae Capsella bursa-pastoris shepherd's purse 2 0 0 0 2 L+ x x x 2014 Fabaceae Caragana arborescens Siberian pea-shrub 3 0 0 0 3 L+ x x 2004 Brassicaceae Cardamine hirsuta hairy bitter cress 5 ns ns ns 5 L+ x x 2010 Brassicaceae Cardamine impatiens balsam bitter cress 3 0 0 0 3 L+ x x 2010 Asteraceae Carduus acanthoides plumeless thistle 3 0 0 0 3 L+ x x 2005 Asteraceae Carduus nutans ssp. nutans nodding thistle 3 0 0 0 3 L+ x x 2014 Cyperaceae Carex flacca heath sedge 5 0 0 0 5 L+ x x x 2014 Cyperaceae Carex praegracilis freeway sedge 5 0 0 0 5 L+ x x 2005 Cyperaceae Carex spicata spiked sedge 2 0 0 0 2 L+ x x x 2014 Bignoniaceae Catalpa speciosa northern catalpa 3 0 0 0 3 L+ x x 2010n Celastraceae Celastrus orbiculatus oriental bittersweet 2 0 0 0 2 L+ x x x 2014 Asteraceae Centaurea jacea brown knapweed 3 0 0 0 3 L+ x xcf x 2014 Asteraceae Centaurea nigra black knapweed 4 0 0 0 4 L+ x x 2010 Asteraceae Centaurea stoebe ssp. micranthos spotted knapweed 2 0 0 0 2 L+ x x x 2014 Gentianaceae Centaurium pulchellum branching centaury 3 0 0 0 3 L+ x x 2014 Caryophyllaceae Cerastium arvense ssp. arvense field chickweed 3 0 0 0 3 L+ x x 2009 Caryophyllaceae Cerastium fontanum mouse-ear chickweed 2 0 0 0 2 L+ x x x 2014 Plantaginaceae Chaenorhinum minus ssp. minus dwarf snapdragon 3 0 0 0 3 L+ x x x 2014 Papaveraceae Chelidonium majus celandine 2 0 0 0 2 L+ x x x 2014 Amaranthaceae Chenopodium album lamb's quarters 2 0 0 0 2 L+ x x x 2014 Amaranthaceae Chenopodium glaucum oak-leaved goosefoot 3 0 0 0 3 L+ x x x 2014 Asteraceae Cichorium intybus chicory 1 0 0 0 1 L+ x x x 2014 Asteraceae Cirsium arvense creeping thistle 1 0 0 0 1 L+ x x x 2014 Asteraceae Cirsium vulgare bull thistle 1 0 0 0 1 L+ x x x 2014 Lamiaceae Clinopodium acinos mother-of-thyme 4 0 0 0 4 L+ x x 2014 Asparagaceae Convallaria majalis lily-of-the-valley 1 0 0 0 1 L+ x x x 2014 Convolvulaceae Convolvulus arvensis field bindweed 2 0 0 0 2 L+ x x x 2014 Rosaceae Cotoneaster acutifolius Peking cotoneaster 3 0 0 0 3 L+ x x 2010 Rosaceae Crataegus monogyna English hawthorn 1 1 4 0 6 L+ x x x 2014 Rosaceae Crataegus monogyna x punctata English - dotted hybrid hawthorn 4 0 4 0 8 L+ x x 2014 Iridaceae Crocus vernus crocus 4 0 0 0 4 L+ x x 2014 Apocynaceae Cynanchum rossicum dog-strangling vine 1 0 0 0 1 L+ x x x 2014 Boraginaceae Cynoglossum officinale hound's tongue 2 0 0 0 2 L+ x x 2004
Page 116 Appendix 3a: Rouge National Urban Park Flora Species (all 2002-14) Status: e=extirpated; cf=ID un-certain; Local Popn. Hab. Sens. Total Rank p=planted; pr=pltd w regen Occur. Trend Dep. Dev. Score TRCA Rouge Rouge Total Most re- Family Scientific Name Common Name 1-5 1-5 0-5 0-5 2-20 Apr-14 Park N Park S Park cent obs
Cyperaceae Cyperus fuscus brown umbrella-sedge 4 0 0 0 4 L+ x x 2009 Poaceae Dactylis glomerata orchard grass 1 0 0 0 1 L+ x x x 2014 Apiaceae Daucus carota Queen Anne's lace 1 0 0 0 1 L+ x x x 2014 Caryophyllaceae Dianthus armeria Deptford pink 3 0 0 0 3 L+ x x x 2014 Plantaginaceae Digitalis lanata Grecian foxglove 4 0 0 0 4 L+ x x 2010 Poaceae Digitaria ischaemum smooth crab grass 3 0 0 0 3 L+ x x x 2014 Poaceae Digitaria sanguinalis hairy crab grass 3 0 0 0 3 L+ x x x 2014 Caprifoliaceae Dipsacus fullonum teasel 2 0 0 0 2 L+ x x x 2014 Rosaceae Duchesnea indica var. indica mock strawberry 5 0 0 0 5 L+ x x 2014 Poaceae Echinochloa crus-galli barnyard grass 2 0 0 0 2 L+ x x x 2014 Asteraceae Echinops sphaerocephalus common globe-thistle 4 0 0 0 4 L+ x x 2014 Boraginaceae Echium vulgare viper's bugloss 2 0 0 0 2 L+ x x x 2014 Elaeagnaceae Elaeagnus angustifolia Russian olive 2 0 0 0 2 L+ x x 2014 Elaeagnaceae Elaeagnus umbellata autumn olive 2 0 0 0 2 L+ x x x 2014 Poaceae Elymus repens quack grass 2 0 0 0 2 L+ x x x 2014 Onagraceae Epilobium hirsutum European willow-herb 2 0 0 0 2 L+ x x x 2014 Onagraceae Epilobium parviflorum small-flowered willow-herb 1 0 0 0 1 L+ x x x 2014 Orchidaceae Epipactis helleborine helleborine 1 0 0 0 1 L+ x x x 2014 Poaceae Eragrostis minor little love grass 3 0 0 0 3 L+ x x x 2014 Brassicaceae Erucastrum gallicum dog mustard 3 0 0 0 3 L+ x x 2014 Brassicaceae Erysimum cheiranthoides wormseed mustard 2 0 0 0 2 L+ x x x 2014 Brassicaceae Erysimum hieraciifolium hawkweed-leaved mustard 5 0 0 0 5 L+ x x 2014 Celastraceae Euonymus alatus winged spindle-tree 3 0 0 0 3 L+ x x 2014 Celastraceae Euonymus europaeus European spindle-tree 2 0 0 0 2 L+ x x x 2014 Celastraceae Euonymus fortunei wintercreeper euonymus 3 0 0 0 3 L+ x x 2014 Asteraceae Eupatorium altissimum tall boneset 5 0 0 0 5 L+ x x 2014 Euphorbiaceae Euphorbia cyparissias cypress spurge 3 0 0 0 3 L+ x x 2014 Euphorbiaceae Euphorbia serpyllifolia ssp. serpyllifolia thyme-leaved spurge 5 0 0 0 5 L+ x x 2014 Polygonaceae Fallopia convolvulus black bindweed 2 0 0 0 2 L+ x x x 2014 Polygonaceae Fallopia japonica var. japonica Japanese knotweed 2 0 0 0 2 L+ x x x 2014 Poaceae Festuca filiformis hair fescue 4 0 0 0 4 L+ x x 2002 Poaceae Festuca rubra ssp. rubra red fescue 2 0 0 0 2 L+ x x x 2014 Poaceae Festuca trachyphylla hard fescue 3 0 0 0 3 L+ x x 2014 Oleaceae Forsythia viridissima forsythia 3 0 0 0 3 L+ x x x 2014 Rhamnaceae Frangula alnus glossy buckthorn 3 0 0 0 3 L+ x x 2014 Oleaceae Fraxinus excelsior European ash 3 0 0 0 3 L+ x x x 2014 Lamiaceae Galeopsis tetrahit hemp-nettle 2 0 0 0 2 L+ x x 2014 Asteraceae Galinsoga quadriradiata hairy galinsoga 4 0 0 0 4 L+ x x 2014 Rubiaceae Galium mollugo white bedstraw 2 0 0 0 2 L+ x x x 2014 Rubiaceae Galium odoratum sweet woodruff 4 0 0 0 4 L+ x x 2014 Rubiaceae Galium verum yellow bedstraw 3 0 0 0 3 L+ x x x 2014 Rosaceae Geum urbanum urban avens 1 0 0 0 1 L+ x x x 2014 Lamiaceae Glechoma hederacea creeping Charlie 1 0 0 0 1 L+ x x x 2014 Fabaceae Gleditsia triacanthos honey locust 4 0 0 0 4 L+ x x x 2014 Asteraceae Gnaphalium uliginosum low cudweed 5 0 0 0 5 L+ x x 2014 Araliaceae Hedera helix English ivy 3 0 0 0 3 L+ x x 2014 Xanthorrhoeaceae Hemerocallis fulva orange day-lily 2 0 0 0 2 L+ x x x 2014 Apiaceae Heracleum mantegazzianum giant hog-weed 4 0 0 0 4 L+ x x x 2014 Brassicaceae Hesperis matronalis dame's rocket 1 0 0 0 1 L+ x x x 2014
Page 117 Appendix 3a: Rouge National Urban Park Flora Species (all 2002-14) Status: e=extirpated; cf=ID un-certain; Local Popn. Hab. Sens. Total Rank p=planted; pr=pltd w regen Occur. Trend Dep. Dev. Score TRCA Rouge Rouge Total Most re- Family Scientific Name Common Name 1-5 1-5 0-5 0-5 2-20 Apr-14 Park N Park S Park cent obs
Asteraceae Hieracium vulgatum blotched hawkweed 3 0 0 0 3 L+ x x 2010 Elaeagnaceae Hippophae rhamnoides sea-buckthorn 4 0 0 0 4 L+ x x 2014 Poaceae Hordeum jubatum ssp. jubatum squirrel-tail barley 3 0 0 0 3 L+ x x x 2014 Asparagaceae Hosta ventricosa hosta 5 0 0 0 5 L+ x x 2014 Hydrangeaceae Hydrangea macrophylla big-leaved hydrangea 5 0 5 0 10 L+ x x 2014 Hydrocharitaceae Hydrocharis morsus-ranae European frog-bit 5 0 0 0 5 L+ x x 2010 Crassulaceae Hylotelephium telephium live-forever 3 0 0 0 3 L+ x x x 2014 Hypericaceae Hypericum perforatum common St. John's-wort 1 0 0 0 1 L+ x x x 2014 Balsaminaceae Impatiens glandulifera Himalayan balsam 2 0 0 0 2 L+ x x x 2014 Asteraceae Inula helenium elecampane 2 0 0 0 2 L+ x x x 2014 Iridaceae Iris germanica garden iris 3 0 0 0 3 L+ x x 2014 Iridaceae Iris pseudacorus yellow flag 2 0 0 0 2 L+ x x x 2014 Iridaceae Iris sibirica Siberian blue flag 4 0 0 0 4 L+ x x 2004 Juglandaceae Juglans x bisbyi buartnut 0 0 0 0 0 L+ x x x 2014 Juncaceae Juncus compressus round-fruited rush 3 0 0 0 3 L+ x x 2014 Cupressaceae Juniperus chinensis Chinese juniper 3 0 5 0 8 L+ xcf x x 2014 Cupressaceae Juniperus sabina savin juniper 5 0 5 0 10 L+ x x 2010 Cupressaceae Juniperus x pfitzeriana pfitzer juniper 4 0 0 0 4 L+ x x x 2014 Asteraceae Lactuca serriola prickly lettuce 2 0 0 0 2 L+ x x x 2014 Lamiaceae Lamium maculatum spotted dead-nettle 3 0 0 0 3 L+ x x 2014 Lamiaceae Lamium purpureum purple dead-nettle 5 0 0 0 5 L+ x x x 2014 Asteraceae Lapsana communis nipplewort 2 0 0 0 2 L+ x x x 2014 Pinaceae Larix decidua European larch 3 0 0 0 3 L+ xp x x 2014 Fabaceae Lathyrus latifolius everlasting pea 3 0 0 0 3 L+ x x 2014 Fabaceae Lathyrus tuberosus tuberous vetchling 4 0 0 0 4 L+ x x 2014 Lamiaceae Leonurus cardiaca ssp. cardiaca motherwort 2 0 0 0 2 L+ x x x 2014 Brassicaceae Lepidium campestre field pepper-grass 2 0 0 0 2 L+ x x x 2014 Asteraceae Leucanthemum vulgare ox-eye daisy 1 0 0 0 1 L+ x x x 2014 Oleaceae Ligustrum vulgare privet 2 0 0 0 2 L+ x x x 2014 Liliaceae Lilium lancifolium tiger lily 4 0 0 0 4 L+ x x 2009 Plantaginaceae Linaria vulgaris butter-and-eggs 2 0 0 0 2 L+ x x x 2014 Boraginaceae Lithospermum officinale Eurasian gromwell 2 0 0 0 2 L+ x x x 2014 Poaceae Lolium perenne perennial rye 2 0 0 0 2 L+ x x x 2014 Caprifoliaceae Lonicera maackii Amur honeysuckle 5 0 0 0 5 L+ x x 2014 Caprifoliaceae Lonicera morrowii Morrow's honeysuckle 2 0 0 0 2 L+ x x x 2014 Caprifoliaceae Lonicera tatarica Tartarian honeysuckle 2 0 0 0 2 L+ x x x 2014 Caprifoliaceae Lonicera x bella shrub honeysuckle 1 0 0 0 1 L+ x x x 2014 Caprifoliaceae Lonicera xylosteum European fly honeysuckle 3 0 0 0 3 L+ x x x 2014 Fabaceae Lotus corniculatus bird's foot trefoil 1 0 0 0 1 L+ x x x 2014 Fabaceae Lupinus polyphyllus garden lupine 4 0 0 0 4 L+ x x 2010 Lamiaceae Lycopus americanus x europaeus hybrid water-horehound 4 0 0 0 4 L+ x x x 2014 Lamiaceae Lycopus europaeus European water-horehound 2 0 0 0 2 L+ x x x 2014 Primulaceae Lysimachia nummularia moneywort 2 0 0 0 2 L+ x x x 2014 Lythraceae Lythrum salicaria purple loosestrife 2 0 0 0 2 L+ x x x 2014 Rosaceae Malus baccata Siberian crab-apple 4 0 0 0 4 L+ xcf xcf 2014 Rosaceae Malus pumila apple 1 0 0 0 1 L+ x x x 2014 Malvaceae Malva moschata musk mallow 4 0 0 0 4 L+ x x x 2014 Malvaceae Malva neglecta common mallow 3 0 0 0 3 L+ x x x 2014 Asteraceae Matricaria chamomilla wild chamomile 3 0 0 0 3 L+ x x 2010
Page 118 Appendix 3a: Rouge National Urban Park Flora Species (all 2002-14) Status: e=extirpated; cf=ID un-certain; Local Popn. Hab. Sens. Total Rank p=planted; pr=pltd w regen Occur. Trend Dep. Dev. Score TRCA Rouge Rouge Total Most re- Family Scientific Name Common Name 1-5 1-5 0-5 0-5 2-20 Apr-14 Park N Park S Park cent obs
Asteraceae Matricaria discoidea pineappleweed 2 0 0 0 2 L+ x x x 2014 Fabaceae Medicago lupulina black medick 1 0 0 0 1 L+ x x x 2014 Fabaceae Medicago sativa ssp. sativa alfalfa 2 0 0 0 2 L+ x x x 2014 Fabaceae Melilotus albus white sweet clover 1 0 0 0 1 L+ x x x 2014 Fabaceae Melilotus officinalis yellow sweet clover 2 0 0 0 2 L+ x x x 2014 Lamiaceae Mentha spicata spear mint 2 0 0 0 2 L+ x x x 2014 Lamiaceae Mentha x piperita peppermint 4 0 0 0 4 L+ x x 2010 Nyctaginaceae Mirabilis nyctaginea wild four o'clock 4 0 0 0 4 L+ x x 2009 Poaceae Miscanthus sacchariflorus eulalia 3 0 0 0 3 L+ x x x 2014 Moraceae Morus alba white mulberry 2 0 0 0 2 L+ x x x 2014 Asparagaceae Muscari botryoides grape hyacinth 4 0 0 0 4 L+ x x 2010 Asteraceae Mycelis muralis wall lettuce 3 0 0 0 3 L+ x x 2014 Boraginaceae Myosotis scorpioides true forget-me-not 1 0 0 0 1 L+ x x x 2014 Boraginaceae Myosotis sylvatica woodland forget-me-not 3 0 0 0 3 L+ x x 2014 Caryophyllaceae Myosoton aquaticum giant chickweed 3 0 0 0 3 L+ x x x 2014 Haloragaceae Myriophyllum spicatum Eurasian water-milfoil 4 0 0 0 4 L+ x x 2013 Amaryllidaceae Narcissus poeticus narcissus 4 0 0 0 4 L+ x x 2010 Amaryllidaceae Narcissus pseudonarcissus daffodil 3 0 0 0 3 L+ x x 2010n Brassicaceae Nasturtium microphyllum small-leaved watercress 2 0 0 0 2 L+ x x x 2014 Lamiaceae Nepeta cataria catnip 2 0 0 0 2 L+ x x x 2014 Lamiaceae Origanum vulgare wild marjoram 4 0 0 0 4 L+ x x 2014 Buxaceae Pachysandra terminalis Japanese spurge 4 0 0 0 4 L+ x x 2014 Poaceae Panicum dichotomiflorum fall panic grass 3 0 0 0 3 L+ x x x 2014 Apiaceae Pastinaca sativa wild parsnip 2 0 0 0 2 L+ x x x 2014 Polygonaceae Persicaria maculosa lady's thumb 2 0 0 0 2 L+ x x x 2014 Poaceae Phleum pratense Timothy grass 1 0 0 0 1 L+ x x x 2014 Poaceae Phragmites australis ssp. australis common reed 1 0 5 0 6 L+ x x x 2014 Pinaceae Picea abies Norway spruce 3 0 0 0 3 L+ xp x x 2014 Asteraceae Pilosella aurantiaca orange hawkweed 3 0 0 0 3 L+ x x 2010 Asteraceae Pilosella caespitosa yellow hawkweed 2 0 0 0 2 L+ x x x 2014 Asteraceae Pilosella officinarum mouse-ear hawkweed 3 0 0 0 3 L+ x x 2014 Asteraceae Pilosella piloselloides smooth yellow hawkweed 2 0 0 0 2 L+ x x x 2014 Asteraceae Pilosella x floribunda smoothish hawkweed 3 0 0 0 3 L+ x x x 2014 Pinaceae Pinus sylvestris Scots pine 2 0 0 0 2 L+ x x x 2014 Plantaginaceae Plantago lanceolata English plantain 1 0 0 0 1 L+ x x x 2014 Plantaginaceae Plantago major common plantain 1 0 0 0 1 L+ x x x 2014 Poaceae Poa annua annual blue grass 4 0 0 0 4 L+ x x 2014 Poaceae Poa compressa flat-stemmed blue grass 1 0 0 0 1 L+ x x x 2014 Poaceae Poa nemoralis woodland spear grass 2 0 0 0 2 L+ x x x 2014 Poaceae Poa pratensis ssp. pratensis Kentucky blue grass 1 0 0 0 1 L+ x x x 2014 Asparagaceae Polygonatum multiflorum European Solomon's seal 4 0 0 0 4 L+ x x x 2014 Polygonaceae Polygonum achoreum striate knotweed 3 0 0 0 3 L+ x x x 2014 Polygonaceae Polygonum aviculare ssp. aviculare prostrate knotweed 2 0 0 0 2 L+ x x x 2014 Salicaceae Populus alba white poplar 2 0 0 0 2 L+ x x x 2014 Salicaceae Populus x canadensis Carolina poplar 3 0 0 0 3 L+ xp x x 2014 Salicaceae Populus x canescens grey poplar hybrid 5 0 0 0 5 L+ x x 2009 Salicaceae Populus x rouleauiana Rouleau's poplar 5 0 0 0 5 L+ x x 2014 Portulacaceae Portulaca oleracea purslane 3 0 0 0 3 L+ x x 2014 Potamogetonaceae Potamogeton crispus curly pondweed 2 0 0 0 2 L+ x x x 2014
Page 119 Appendix 3a: Rouge National Urban Park Flora Species (all 2002-14) Status: e=extirpated; cf=ID un-certain; Local Popn. Hab. Sens. Total Rank p=planted; pr=pltd w regen Occur. Trend Dep. Dev. Score TRCA Rouge Rouge Total Most re- Family Scientific Name Common Name 1-5 1-5 0-5 0-5 2-20 Apr-14 Park N Park S Park cent obs
Rosaceae Potentilla argentea silvery cinquefoil 3 0 0 0 3 L+ x x 2014 Rosaceae Potentilla inclinata lintermediate cinquefoil 3 0 0 0 3 L+ x x 2014 Rosaceae Potentilla recta sulphur cinquefoil 1 0 0 0 1 L+ x x x 2014 Rosaceae Poterium sanguisorba var. polygamum small burnet 5 ns ns ns 5 L+ x x 2004 Primulaceae Primula bulleyana Yunnan primrose 5 ns ns ns 5 L+ x x 2006 Primulaceae Primula veris cowslip 5 ns ns ns 5 L+ x x 2009 Lamiaceae Prunella vulgaris ssp. vulgaris heal-all (European) 3 0 0 0 3 L+ x x 2014 Rosaceae Prunus avium mazzard cherry 3 0 0 0 3 L+ x x x 2014 Rosaceae Prunus mahaleb Mahaleb cherry 5 ns ns ns 5 L+ x x 2005 Rosaceae Prunus persica peach 5 0 0 0 5 L+ x x x 2014 Poaceae Puccinellia distans alkali grass 3 0 0 0 3 L+ x x x 2014 Boraginaceae Pulmonaria officinalis lung-wort 4 0 0 0 4 L+ x x x 2014 Rosaceae Pyrus communis pear 2 0 0 0 2 L+ x x x 2014 Ranunculaceae Ranunculus acris tall buttercup 1 0 0 0 1 L+ x x x 2014 Ranunculaceae Ranunculus repens creeping buttercup 2 0 0 0 2 L+ x x x 2014 Rhamnaceae Rhamnus cathartica common buckthorn 1 0 0 0 1 L+ x x x 2014 Grossulariaceae Ribes nigrum black currant 4 0 0 0 4 L+ x x 2002 Grossulariaceae Ribes rubrum garden red currant 1 0 0 0 1 L+ x x x 2014 Grossulariaceae Ribes uva-crispa European gooseberry 5 ns ns ns 5 L+ x x 2014 Fabaceae Robinia pseudoacacia black locust 1 0 0 0 1 L+ x x x 2014 Brassicaceae Rorippa austriaca Austrian cress 5 0 5 0 10 L+ x x 2014 Rosaceae Rosa canina dog rose 3 0 0 0 3 L+ x x x 2014 Rosaceae Rosa multiflora multiflora rose 1 0 0 0 1 L+ x x x 2014 Rosaceae Rosa rubiginosa var. rubiginosa sweet brier rose 5 0 0 0 5 L+ x x 2014 Asteraceae Rudbeckia triloba brown-eyed Susan 3 0 0 0 3 L+ x x x 2014 Polygonaceae Rumex acetosella sheep sorrel 3 2 5 4 14 L+ x x 2002 Polygonaceae Rumex crispus curly dock 1 0 0 0 1 L+ x x x 2014 Polygonaceae Rumex obtusifolius bitter dock 2 0 0 0 2 L+ x x 2014 Salicaceae Salix alba white willow 2 0 0 0 2 L+ x x x 2014 Salicaceae Salix caprea goat willow 4 0 0 0 4 L+ x x 2009n Salicaceae Salix cinerea grey willow 4 0 0 0 4 L+ x x 2009 Salicaceae Salix purpurea purple-osier willow 3 0 0 0 3 L+ x x x 2014 Salicaceae Salix x fragilis crack willow 1 0 0 0 1 L+ x x x 2014 Salicaceae Salix x sepulcralis weeping willow 2 0 0 0 2 L+ x x x 2014 Lamiaceae Salvia pratensis meadow sage 5 ns ns ns 5 L+ x x 2006 Caryophyllaceae Saponaria officinalis bouncing Bet 2 0 0 0 2 L+ x x x 2014 Poaceae Schedonorus arundinaceus tall fescue 3 0 0 0 3 L+ x x x 2014 Poaceae Schedonorus pratensis meadow fescue 1 0 0 0 1 L+ x x x 2014 Asparagaceae Scilla siberica Siberian squill 3 0 0 0 3 L+ x x x 2014 Fabaceae Securigera varia crown vetch 1 0 0 0 1 L+ x x x 2014 Crassulaceae Sedum acre mossy stonecrop 3 0 0 0 3 L+ x x 2014 Asteraceae Senecio vulgaris common groundsel 4 0 0 0 4 L+ x x 2014 Poaceae Setaria faberi giant foxtail 4 0 0 0 4 L+ x x x 2014 Poaceae Setaria pumila ssp. pumila yellow foxtail 3 0 0 0 3 L+ x x x 2014 Poaceae Setaria verticillata bristly foxtail 4 0 0 0 4 L+ x x x 2014 Poaceae Setaria viridis green foxtail 2 0 0 0 2 L+ x x x 2014 Caryophyllaceae Silene armeria sweet William catchfly 5 ns ns ns 5 L+ x x 2014 Caryophyllaceae Silene latifolia evening lychnis 3 0 0 0 3 L+ x x 2014 Caryophyllaceae Silene vulgaris bladder campion 2 0 0 0 2 L+ x x x 2014
Page 120 Appendix 3a: Rouge National Urban Park Flora Species (all 2002-14) Status: e=extirpated; cf=ID un-certain; Local Popn. Hab. Sens. Total Rank p=planted; pr=pltd w regen Occur. Trend Dep. Dev. Score TRCA Rouge Rouge Total Most re- Family Scientific Name Common Name 1-5 1-5 0-5 0-5 2-20 Apr-14 Park N Park S Park cent obs
Brassicaceae Sinapis arvensis charlock 2 0 0 0 2 L+ x x x 2014 Brassicaceae Sisymbrium officinale hedge mustard 4 0 0 0 4 L+ x x 2014 Solanaceae Solanum dulcamara bittersweet nightshade 1 0 0 0 1 L+ x x x 2014 Asteraceae Sonchus arvensis ssp. arvensis glandular perennial sow-thistle 2 0 0 0 2 L+ x x x 2014 Asteraceae Sonchus arvensis ssp. uliginosus smooth perennial sow-thistle 5 0 0 0 5 L+ x x 2014 Asteraceae Sonchus asper spiny sow-thistle 2 0 0 0 2 L+ x x x 2014 Asteraceae Sonchus oleraceus annual sow-thistle 2 0 0 0 2 L+ x x x 2014 Rosaceae Sorbaria sorbifolia false spiraea 3 0 0 0 3 L+ x x 2014 Rosaceae Sorbus aucuparia European mountain-ash 1 0 0 0 1 L+ x x x 2014 Caryophyllaceae Spergularia media intermediate sand spurrey 4 0 0 0 4 L+ x x 2014 Caryophyllaceae Spergularia salina salt-marsh sand spurrey 4 0 0 0 4 L+ x x 2014 Rosaceae Spiraea x vanhouttei bridalwreath spiraea 4 0 0 0 4 L+ x x 2009 Lamiaceae Stachys palustris marsh hedge-nettle 3 3 4 3 13 L+ x x 2009 Caryophyllaceae Stellaria graminea grass-leaved chickweed 2 0 0 0 2 L+ x x 2010 Caryophyllaceae Stellaria media common chickweed 3 0 0 0 3 L+ x x 2014 Caprifoliaceae Symphoricarpos albus var. laevigatus western snowberry 3 0 0 0 3 L+ xp x x 2014 Asteraceae Symphyotrichum ciliatum rayless aster 4 0 0 0 4 L+ x x x 2014 Boraginaceae Symphytum asperum prickly comfrey 5 ns ns ns 5 L+ x x 2005 Boraginaceae Symphytum officinale common comfrey 3 0 0 0 3 L+ x x x 2014 Oleaceae Syringa vulgaris common lilac 2 0 0 0 2 L+ x x x 2014 Asteraceae Tanacetum vulgare tansy 2 0 0 0 2 L+ x x 2014 Asteraceae Taraxacum officinale dandelion 1 0 0 0 1 L+ x x x 2014 Taxaceae Taxus cuspidata Japanese yew 3 0 0 0 3 L+ x x x 2014 Brassicaceae Thlaspi arvense penny-cress 2 0 0 0 2 L+ x x x 2014 Lamiaceae Thymus praecox ssp. arcticus creeping thyme 4 0 0 0 4 L+ x x 2014 Malvaceae Tilia cordata little-leaf linden 3 0 0 0 3 L+ x x 2014 Apiaceae Torilis arvensis hedge-parsley 5 0 0 0 5 L+ x x 2014 Apiaceae Torilis japonica hedge-parsley 2 0 0 0 2 L+ x x 2014 Asteraceae Tragopogon dubius lemon-yellow goat's beard 1 0 0 0 1 L+ x x x 2014 Asteraceae Tragopogon pratensis meadow goat's beard 2 0 0 0 2 L+ x x x 2014 Fabaceae Trifolium hybridum alsike clover 2 0 0 0 2 L+ x x x 2014 Fabaceae Trifolium pratense red clover 1 0 0 0 1 L+ x x x 2014 Fabaceae Trifolium repens white clover 1 0 0 0 1 L+ x x x 2014 Asteraceae Tripleurospermum inodorum scentless chamomile 2 0 0 0 2 L+ x x x 2014 Liliaceae Tulipa x hybrida garden tulip 4 0 0 0 4 L+ x x 2014 Asteraceae Tussilago farfara coltsfoot 1 0 0 0 1 L+ x x x 2014 Typhaceae Typha angustifolia narrow-leaved cattail 1 0 0 0 1 L+ x x x 2014 Typhaceae Typha x glauca hybrid cattail 1 0 0 0 1 L+ x x x 2014 Ulmaceae Ulmus glabra Scotch elm 3 0 0 0 3 L+ x x x 2014 Ulmaceae Ulmus pumila Siberian elm 2 0 0 0 2 L+ x x x 2014 Urticaceae Urtica dioica ssp. dioica European stinging nettle 2 0 0 0 2 L+ x x x 2014 Caprifoliaceae Valeriana officinalis common valerian 3 0 0 0 3 L+ x x x 2014 Scrophulariaceae Verbascum blattaria moth mullein 5 0 0 0 5 L+ x x 2010 Scrophulariaceae Verbascum thapsus common mullein 2 0 0 0 2 L+ x x x 2014 Plantaginaceae Veronica arvensis corn speedwell 3 0 0 0 3 L+ x x 2014 Plantaginaceae Veronica officinalis common speedwell 2 0 0 0 2 L+ x x x 2014 Plantaginaceae Veronica serpyllifolia ssp. serpyllifolia thyme-leaved speedwell 2 0 0 0 2 L+ x x x 2014 Plantaginaceae Veronica verna spring speedwell 5 0 0 0 5 L+ x x 2014 Adoxaceae Viburnum lantana wayfaring tree 2 0 0 0 2 L+ x x x 2014
Page 121 Appendix 3a: Rouge National Urban Park Flora Species (all 2002-14) Status: e=extirpated; cf=ID un-certain; Local Popn. Hab. Sens. Total Rank p=planted; pr=pltd w regen Occur. Trend Dep. Dev. Score TRCA Rouge Rouge Total Most re- Family Scientific Name Common Name 1-5 1-5 0-5 0-5 2-20 Apr-14 Park N Park S Park cent obs
Adoxaceae Viburnum opulus ssp. opulus European highbush cranberry 1 0 0 0 1 L+ x x x 2014 Fabaceae Vicia cracca cow vetch 1 0 0 0 1 L+ x x x 2014 Apocynaceae Vinca minor periwinkle 2 0 0 0 2 L+ x x x 2014 Violaceae Viola odorata sweet violet 4 0 0 0 4 L+ x x 2010 Violaceae Viola tricolor Johnny jump-up 5 0 0 0 5 L+ x x 2014 Asteraceae Xanthium spinosum spiny cocklebur 5 0 0 0 5 L+ x x 2009 Sapindaceae Acer negundo Manitoba maple 1 0 0 2 3 L+? x x x 2014 Poaceae Agrostis stolonifera creeping bent grass 2 0 0 0 2 L+? x x x 2014 Amaranthaceae Atriplex patula halberd-leaved orache 3 0 0 0 3 L+? x x x 2014 Amaranthaceae Atriplex prostrata spreading orache 3 0 0 0 3 L+? x x x 2014 Amaranthaceae Chenopodium pratericola meadow goosefoot L+? x x 2014 Amaranthaceae Chenopodium rubrum red goosefoot 5 0 0 0 5 L+? x x 2012 Cyperaceae Cyperus esculentus yellow nut-sedge 3 0 4 1 8 L+? x x x 2014 Poaceae Eragrostis pectinacea var. pectinacea tufted love grass 4 1 4 3 12 L+? x x 2010 Euphorbiaceae Euphorbia glyptosperma ridge-seeded spurge 3 0 0 0 3 L+? x x 2006 Euphorbiaceae Euphorbia maculata spotted spurge 3 0 0 0 3 L+? x x x 2014 Euphorbiaceae Euphorbia nutans nodding spurge 5 ns ns ns 5 L+? xcf xcf 2004 Geraniaceae Geranium robertianum herb Robert 1 0 0 0 1 L+? x x x 2014 Cannabaceae Humulus lupulus common hops 4 0 0 0 4 L+? x x 2010 Brassicaceae Lepidium densiflorum common pepper-grass 3 0 0 0 3 L+? x x 2014 Polygonaceae Persicaria hydropiper water-pepper 2 0 0 0 2 L+? x x x 2014 Poaceae Phalaris arundinacea reed canary grass 1 0 0 0 1 L+? x x x 2014 Rosaceae Potentilla norvegica rough cinquefoil 2 0 0 0 2 L+? x x x 2014 Poaceae Sporobolus neglectus overlooked dropseed 4 0 0 0 4 L+? x x 2009 Poaceae Sporobolus vaginiflorus ensheathed dropseed 4 0 0 0 4 L+? xcf x x 2014 Plantaginaceae Veronica peregrina ssp. peregrina purslane speedwell 3 0 0 0 3 L+? x x 2014 Asteraceae Solidago ptarmicoides upland white goldenrod 5 5 5 4 19 L1 xpr xpr 2014 Poaceae Ammophila breviligulata marram grass 4 4 5 4 17 L2 xp xp 2009 Rosaceae Aronia melanocarpa black choke-berry 3 5 5 4 17 L2 xp xp 2010 Asteraceae Heliopsis helianthoides ox-eye 5 5 4 4 18 L2 xpr xpr 2014 Asteraceae Liatris spicata spike blazing-star 5 3 5 5 18 L2 xpr xpr 2014 Campanulaceae Lobelia cardinalis cardinal flower 4 5 4 5 18 L2 xp xp xp 2010 Pinaceae Picea mariana black spruce 3 4 5 5 17 L2 xp xp 2010 Pinaceae Pinus resinosa red pine 2 5 5 5 17 L2 xp xpr xpr 2014 Pontederiaceae Pontederia cordata pickerel-weed 4 4 5 4 17 L2 xp xp 2009 Fagaceae Quercus x bebbiana white-bur hybrid oak 5 3 5 4 17 L2 xp xp 2014 Rosaceae Rosa carolina pasture rose 5 5 4 3 17 L2 xpr xpr 2014 Rosaceae Rosa palustris swamp rose 5 4 5 4 18 L2 xpe xpe 1988n Poaceae Sorghastrum nutans Indian grass 5 4 5 4 18 L2 xpr xpr 2014 Adoxaceae Viburnum opulus ssp. trilobum American highbush cranberry 4 5 4 4 17 L2 xpcf xpcf 2010 Poaceae Zizania palustris var. palustris northern wild rice 4 4 5 5 18 L2 xpe xpe 1980n Acoraceae Acorus americanus sweet flag 3 3 5 4 15 L3 xpre xpre 1990n Cyperaceae Carex comosa bristly sedge 3 3 5 4 15 L3 xp xp 2011 Juglandaceae Carya ovata shagbark hickory 2 4 4 4 14 L3 xp p?zoo xp 2014 Iridaceae Iris virginica var. shrevei southern blue flag 5 2 4 3 14 L3 xpr xpr 2014 Rosaceae Malus coronaria wild crab-apple 4 4 4 4 16 L3 xp xp 2014 Poaceae Muhlenbergia glomerata marsh wild Timothy 4 3 4 5 16 L3 xp xp 2009 Onagraceae Oenothera parviflora smaller evening-primrose 4 3 4 3 14 L3 xp xp 2005 Poaceae Panicum virgatum switch grass 3 2 5 5 15 L3 xpr xpr 2014
Page 122 Appendix 3a: Rouge National Urban Park Flora Species (all 2002-14) Status: e=extirpated; cf=ID un-certain; Local Popn. Hab. Sens. Total Rank p=planted; pr=pltd w regen Occur. Trend Dep. Dev. Score TRCA Rouge Rouge Total Most re- Family Scientific Name Common Name 1-5 1-5 0-5 0-5 2-20 Apr-14 Park N Park S Park cent obs
Polygonaceae Persicaria amphibia var. emersa swamp smartweed 5 2 4 3 14 L3 xp xp 2014 Pinaceae Picea glauca white spruce 1 5 4 4 14 L3 xpr xpr xpr 2014 Lamiaceae Pycnanthemum virginianum Virginia mountain-mint 5 2 5 3 15 L3 xpr xpr 2014 Poaceae Spartina pectinata prairie cord grass 4 3 5 3 15 L3 xpr xpr 2014 Asteraceae Symphyotrichum laeve var. laeve smooth aster 4 4 4 2 14 L3 xp xp 2010 Verbenaceae Verbena stricta hoary vervain 3 5 4 4 16 L3 xpe xpe 1990n Asteraceae Helianthus strumosus pale-leaved sunflower 4 2 4 3 13 L4 xpcf xpcf 2014 Asteraceae Rudbeckia laciniata cut-leaved coneflower 3 2 4 2 11 L4 xpr xpr 2014 Rosaceae Prunus americana wild plum 5 4 4 3 16 LU xp xp 2014 Apocynaceae Asclepias tuberosa butterfly milkweed 5 2 5 5 17 LX xp xp 2014 Asteraceae Helianthus giganteus tall sunflower 5 2 4 3 14 LX xpr xpr 2014 Asteraceae Solidago rigida ssp. rigida stiff goldenrod 5 5 5 4 19 LX xpr xpr 2014 Sapindaceae Acer campestre hedge maple 5 0 5 2 12 L+ xp xp 2014 Betulaceae Alnus glutinosa x incana ssp. rugosa hybrid European - speckled alder 4 0 5 0 9 L+ xp xp 2014 Betulaceae Alnus incana ssp. incana grey alder 3 0 0 0 3 L+ xp xp 2005 Betulaceae Alnus viridis ssp. crispa green alder L+ xp xp 2010 Cannabaceae Celtis occidentalis hackberry 5 0 0 0 5 L+ xp xp 2010 Anacardiaceae Cotinus coggygria European smoke-tree 5 0 0 0 5 L+ xpr xpr 2014 Papaveraceae Dicentra spectabilis bleeding hearts 4 0 0 0 4 L+ xpr xpr 2014 Fagaceae Fagus sylvatica European beech L+ xp xp 2004 Juglandaceae Juglans ailantifolia Japanese walnut 4 0 0 0 4 L+ xp xp 2003 Juglandaceae Juglans regia English walnut 5 ns ns ns 5 L+ xp xp xp 2005 Caprifoliaceae Kolkwitzia amabilis beauty bush 5 0 5 0 10 L+ xpr xpr 2010 Lamiaceae Lamiastrum galeobdolon golden archangel 5 0 5 0 10 L+ xpr xpr 2014 Magnoliaceae Liriodendron tulipifera tulip-tree L+ xp xp xp 2014 Pinaceae Picea pungens Colorado spruce 5 ns ns ns 5 L+ xp xp xp 2014 Pinaceae Pinus banksiana Jack pine 5 0 0 0 5 L+ xp xp 2010 Pinaceae Pinus mugo Mugho pine L+ xp xp 2010 Pinaceae Pinus nigra Austrian pine 5 0 0 0 5 L+ xp xpr xpr 2014 Platanaceae Platanus hybrida London plane tree 5 ns ns ns 5 L+ xp xp 2014 Salicaceae Populus nigra var. italica Lombardy poplar 5 ns ns ns 5 L+ xp xp 2006 Pinaceae Pseudotsuga menziesii var. glauca Rocky Mountain Douglas-fir 5 0 0 0 5 L+ xp xp 2010 Fagaceae Quercus bicolor swamp white oak L+ xp xp 2014 Fagaceae Quercus robur English oak 3 0 0 0 3 L+ xp xp 2010 Asteraceae Ratibida pinnata grey-headed coneflower 4 0 0 0 4 L+ xp xpr xpr 2014 Anacardiaceae Rhus aromatica fragrant sumach 5 0 0 0 5 L+ xpr xpr 2014 Salicaceae Salix pentandra laurel willow 5 ns ns ns 5 L+ xp xp 2010 Rosaceae Spiraea x bumalda Japanese spiraea L+ xpcf xpcf 2010 Oleaceae Syringa reticulata Japanese tree lilac 5 0 0 0 5 L+ xpr xpr 2014 Oleaceae Syringa x prestoniae Preston lilac 5 0 5 0 10 L+ xp xp 2010 Asteraceae Helenium autumnale sneezeweed 5 0 5 0 10 L+? xpr xpr 2014 Cupressaceae Juniperus communis 'Pendula' weeping juniper L+? xp xp 2006
Page 123 Appendix 3b: Rouge Park North Flora Species
L Rouge Rouge Transport Canada Pickering Airport Lands 2003 YDSS C Tompi Major Ck '14 Rouge-Duffins Agr Pres 2004 Up Petticoat Ck 2014 Mkhm Family Scientific Name 2002 #11 '02 Blk C Blk G Blk H Blk I Blk N Blk O Blk U Blk V 2004 on '04 Blk A Blk B Blk A Blk B Blk C Blk EF Blk A Blk B Blk C E '10
Adoxaceae Sambucus canadensis x x x x x x Adoxaceae Sambucus racemosa ssp. pubens x x x x x x Adoxaceae Viburnum acerifolium x x x Adoxaceae Viburnum lantana x x Adoxaceae Viburnum lentago x x x x x x x x x xp x Adoxaceae Viburnum opulus ssp. opulus x x x x x x x x x x x x x x xp x x Alismataceae Alisma triviale xcf x xcf xcf x x xcf Alismataceae Sagittaria latifolia x x Amaranthaceae Amaranthus retroflexus xcf x x x Amaranthaceae Atriplex patula x x x x Amaranthaceae Atriplex prostrata x Amaranthaceae Chenopodium album x x x x x x x x x x x Amaranthaceae Chenopodium glaucum x Amaranthaceae Chenopodium pratericola x Amaryllidaceae Allium tricoccum x x x x x x x x x x x x Anacardiaceae Cotinus coggygria xpr Anacardiaceae Rhus typhina x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x Anacardiaceae Toxicodendron radicans var. radicans x x x x x Anacardiaceae Toxicodendron radicans var. rydbergii x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x Apiaceae Aegopodium podagraria x x Apiaceae Angelica atropurpurea x Apiaceae Cicuta bulbifera x Apiaceae Cicuta maculata x x x x x x x Apiaceae Cryptotaenia canadensis x Apiaceae Daucus carota x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x Apiaceae Heracleum mantegazzianum x Apiaceae Heracleum maximum x x Apiaceae Pastinaca sativa x x x x x Apiaceae Sanicula marilandica x Apiaceae Sium suave x x x Apocynaceae Apocynum androsaemifolium x x x x x Apocynaceae Apocynum cannabinum var. cannabinum xcf xcf xcf x xcf Apocynaceae Asclepias incarnata ssp. incarnata x x x x Apocynaceae Asclepias syriaca x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x Apocynaceae Cynanchum rossicum x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x Apocynaceae Vinca minor x x Araceae Arisaema triphyllum x x x x x x x x x x x x Araceae Lemna minor xcf xcf xcf xcf xcf xcf x xcf xcf xcf xcf Araceae Lemna trisulca x Araceae Lemna turionifera xcf x Araceae Spirodela polyrhiza x x x Araceae Wolffia columbiana x Araliaceae Aralia nudicaulis x x x x x x Araliaceae Hydrocotyle americana x x x x x x Aristolochiaceae Asarum canadense x x x x x x x x x Asparagaceae Asparagus officinalis x x x x x x Asparagaceae Convallaria majalis x x x x Asparagaceae Maianthemum canadense x x x x x x x x x x x x Asparagaceae Maianthemum racemosum ssp. racemosum x x x x x x x x x x x x Asparagaceae Maianthemum stellatum x x x x x x x x x x x x Asparagaceae Polygonatum multiflorum x x Asparagaceae Polygonatum pubescens x x Asparagaceae Scilla siberica x Asteraceae Achillea millefolium ssp. lanulosa x x x x x x x x x x Asteraceae Ageratina altissima var. altissima x x x Asteraceae Ambrosia artemisiifolia x x x x x x x x x x x x x Asteraceae Antennaria howellii ssp. howellii xcf Asteraceae Anthemis cotula x x x Asteraceae Arctium lappa x x x x x x x x x x x x x x Asteraceae Arctium minus x x x x x x x x x x x x Asteraceae Artemisia biennis x x x x x x x
Page 124 Appendix 3b: Rouge Park North Flora Species
L Rouge Rouge Transport Canada Pickering Airport Lands 2003 YDSS C Tompi Major Ck '14 Rouge-Duffins Agr Pres 2004 Up Petticoat Ck 2014 Mkhm Family Scientific Name 2002 #11 '02 Blk C Blk G Blk H Blk I Blk N Blk O Blk U Blk V 2004 on '04 Blk A Blk B Blk A Blk B Blk C Blk EF Blk A Blk B Blk C E '10
Asteraceae Artemisia vulgaris x x x x Asteraceae Bidens cernua x x x x x Asteraceae Bidens frondosa x x xcf x x x x x x x x x x Asteraceae Bidens tripartita x x x x x Asteraceae Bidens vulgata x x x x Asteraceae Centaurea jacea x Asteraceae Centaurea stoebe ssp. micranthos x Asteraceae Cichorium intybus x x x x x x x x x Asteraceae Cirsium arvense x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x Asteraceae Cirsium vulgare x x x x x x x Asteraceae Doellingeria umbellata var. umbellata xp Asteraceae Erigeron annuus x x x x x x x x x x x x Asteraceae Erigeron canadensis x x x Asteraceae Erigeron philadelphicus var. philadelphicus x x x x x x Asteraceae Eupatorium perfoliatum x x x Asteraceae Eurybia macrophylla x x x x Asteraceae Euthamia graminifolia x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x Asteraceae Eutrochium maculatum var. maculatum x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x Asteraceae Galinsoga quadriradiata x Asteraceae Gnaphalium uliginosum x Asteraceae Hieracium vulgatum x Asteraceae Inula helenium x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x Asteraceae Lactuca biennis x x Asteraceae Lactuca serriola x x x Asteraceae Lapsana communis x Asteraceae Leucanthemum vulgare x x x x x Asteraceae Matricaria discoidea x Asteraceae Nabalus albus x Asteraceae Nabalus altissimus x x Asteraceae Pilosella caespitosa x x x Asteraceae Pilosella piloselloides xcf x x Asteraceae Pilosella x floribunda x Asteraceae Ratibida pinnata xp Asteraceae Rudbeckia hirta x x x Asteraceae Rudbeckia triloba x x Asteraceae Senecio vulgaris x x Asteraceae Solidago altissima x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x Asteraceae Solidago caesia x x x x x Asteraceae Solidago canadensis var. canadensis x x x x x x x x x x Asteraceae Solidago flexicaulis x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x Asteraceae Solidago gigantea x x x x x x x x x x Asteraceae Solidago juncea x Asteraceae Solidago nemoralis ssp. nemoralis x x x x x Asteraceae Sonchus arvensis ssp. arvensis x x x x x x x x x x Asteraceae Sonchus arvensis ssp. uliginosus x x x Asteraceae Sonchus asper x x x x x Asteraceae Sonchus oleraceus x x x x x Asteraceae Symphyotrichum ciliatum x Asteraceae Symphyotrichum cordifolium x x x x x x x x x x x x Asteraceae Symphyotrichum ericoides var. ericoides x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x Asteraceae Symphyotrichum firmum x Asteraceae Symphyotrichum lanceolatum var. lanceolatum x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x Asteraceae Symphyotrichum lateriflorum var. lateriflorum x x x x x x x x x x x Asteraceae Symphyotrichum novae-angliae x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x Asteraceae Symphyotrichum puniceum var. puniceum x x x x x x x x x x x x Asteraceae Symphyotrichum x amethystinum x Asteraceae Taraxacum officinale x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x Asteraceae Tragopogon dubius xcf x x Asteraceae Tragopogon pratensis x x Asteraceae Tripleurospermum inodorum x Asteraceae Tussilago farfara x x x x x x x x x x x x x
Page 125 Appendix 3b: Rouge Park North Flora Species
L Rouge Rouge Transport Canada Pickering Airport Lands 2003 YDSS C Tompi Major Ck '14 Rouge-Duffins Agr Pres 2004 Up Petticoat Ck 2014 Mkhm Family Scientific Name 2002 #11 '02 Blk C Blk G Blk H Blk I Blk N Blk O Blk U Blk V 2004 on '04 Blk A Blk B Blk A Blk B Blk C Blk EF Blk A Blk B Blk C E '10
Asteraceae Xanthium strumarium x Balsaminaceae Impatiens capensis x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x Balsaminaceae Impatiens glandulifera x Berberidaceae Berberis thunbergii x x x Berberidaceae Caulophyllum giganteum xcf x x x x x x x x x x x Berberidaceae Podophyllum peltatum x x x x x x x x x x x x x Betulaceae Alnus incana ssp. rugosa x Betulaceae Betula alleghaniensis x x x x x x x x x x x x Betulaceae Betula papyrifera x x x xp x x x x xp xp x Betulaceae Betula pendula x Betulaceae Carpinus caroliniana ssp. virginiana x x x x x x x x x x x x Betulaceae Corylus cornuta x x x x x Betulaceae Ostrya virginiana x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x Bignoniaceae Campsis radicans x Boraginaceae Cynoglossum officinale x x Boraginaceae Echium vulgare x x x x Boraginaceae Hackelia virginiana x x x x Boraginaceae Hydrophyllum virginianum x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x Boraginaceae Lithospermum officinale x x x Boraginaceae Myosotis laxa x x x x Boraginaceae Myosotis scorpioides x x xcf xcf x x x x x x Boraginaceae Pulmonaria officinalis x Boraginaceae Symphytum officinale x x x x x Brassicaceae Alliaria petiolata x x x x x x x x x x Brassicaceae Alyssum alyssoides x Brassicaceae Barbarea vulgaris x x x x x x x Brassicaceae Capsella bursa-pastoris x x Brassicaceae Cardamine concatenata x Brassicaceae Cardamine diphylla x x x x x x Brassicaceae Cardamine pensylvanica x x Brassicaceae Erysimum cheiranthoides x x x x x Brassicaceae Hesperis matronalis x x x x x x x x x x x x Brassicaceae Lepidium campestre xcf x Brassicaceae Nasturtium microphyllum x x x x x Brassicaceae Rorippa palustris ssp. hispida x Brassicaceae Sinapis arvensis x x x x x Brassicaceae Thlaspi arvense x x x Campanulaceae Campanula rapunculoides x x x x x x x x Campanulaceae Lobelia cardinalis xp Campanulaceae Lobelia inflata x x x Campanulaceae Lobelia siphilitica x x xp Caprifoliaceae Diervilla lonicera x x x Caprifoliaceae Dipsacus fullonum x x x x x Caprifoliaceae Lonicera morrowii x x Caprifoliaceae Lonicera tatarica x x x Caprifoliaceae Lonicera x bella x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x Caprifoliaceae Lonicera xylosteum x Caprifoliaceae Symphoricarpos albus var. laevigatus xpr Caprifoliaceae Valeriana officinalis x x x x x x Caryophyllaceae Cerastium fontanum x x x x Caryophyllaceae Dianthus armeria x Caryophyllaceae Myosoton aquaticum x Caryophyllaceae Saponaria officinalis x x x Caryophyllaceae Silene antirrhina x Caryophyllaceae Silene vulgaris x x Celastraceae Celastrus orbiculatus x Celastraceae Celastrus scandens x xcf Celastraceae Euonymus europaeus x Celastraceae Euonymus fortunei x x x Colchicaceae Streptopus lanceolatus var. lanceolatus x x Colchicaceae Uvularia grandiflora x x x x x
Page 126 Appendix 3b: Rouge Park North Flora Species
L Rouge Rouge Transport Canada Pickering Airport Lands 2003 YDSS C Tompi Major Ck '14 Rouge-Duffins Agr Pres 2004 Up Petticoat Ck 2014 Mkhm Family Scientific Name 2002 #11 '02 Blk C Blk G Blk H Blk I Blk N Blk O Blk U Blk V 2004 on '04 Blk A Blk B Blk A Blk B Blk C Blk EF Blk A Blk B Blk C E '10
Convolvulaceae Convolvulus arvensis x x x Convolvulaceae Cuscuta gronovii x Cornaceae Cornus alternifolia x x x x x x x x x x x Cornaceae Cornus amomum ssp. obliqua x Cornaceae Cornus foemina ssp. racemosa x Cornaceae Cornus rugosa x x Cornaceae Cornus stolonifera x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x Crassulaceae Hylotelephium telephium x Cucurbitaceae Echinocystis lobata x x x x x x x x x x x x x Cupressaceae Juniperus chinensis xcf Cupressaceae Juniperus communis var. depressa x x Cupressaceae Juniperus virginiana x x x x x xp Cupressaceae Juniperus x pfitzeriana x Cupressaceae Thuja occidentalis x x x x x x x x x x x x xp xp x x x x x Cyperaceae Bolboschoenus fluviatilis x x Cyperaceae Carex albursina x x Cyperaceae Carex alopecoidea x x Cyperaceae Carex arctata x x x x x x x Cyperaceae Carex aurea x x x Cyperaceae Carex bebbii x x x x Cyperaceae Carex blanda x x x x x x x Cyperaceae Carex cephalophora x x Cyperaceae Carex communis x x x x x Cyperaceae Carex cristatella x x x x x x x x x x x Cyperaceae Carex deweyana x x xcf x x x x Cyperaceae Carex flacca x Cyperaceae Carex gracillima x x x x x x x x x x x x x Cyperaceae Carex granularis x x x x x Cyperaceae Carex grisea x x Cyperaceae Carex hirtifolia x x x x Cyperaceae Carex hitchcockiana x x Cyperaceae Carex hystericina xcf x x x x Cyperaceae Carex interior x x Cyperaceae Carex intumescens x x x x x Cyperaceae Carex lacustris x x Cyperaceae Carex laevivaginata x x Cyperaceae Carex laxiculmis var. laxiculmis x Cyperaceae Carex laxiflora x x x Cyperaceae Carex leptalea x x Cyperaceae Carex leptonervia x x Cyperaceae Carex lupulina x x x x x Cyperaceae Carex pallescens x Cyperaceae Carex peckii x Cyperaceae Carex pedunculata x x x x x x x x Cyperaceae Carex pellita x x x Cyperaceae Carex pensylvanica x x x Cyperaceae Carex plantaginea x Cyperaceae Carex pseudocyperus x x x Cyperaceae Carex radiata x x x x x x Cyperaceae Carex retrorsa x x x x Cyperaceae Carex rosea x x x x x x x x Cyperaceae Carex scabrata x x x x x Cyperaceae Carex sparganioides x x Cyperaceae Carex spicata x x x x x x x x x x Cyperaceae Carex stipata x x x x x x x x Cyperaceae Carex tenera var. echinodes x Cyperaceae Carex tuckermanii x Cyperaceae Carex vulpinoidea x x x x x x x x x x x x x Cyperaceae Cyperus esculentus x x x x Cyperaceae Eleocharis erythropoda x x x Cyperaceae Eriophorum viridicarinatum x
Page 127 Appendix 3b: Rouge Park North Flora Species
L Rouge Rouge Transport Canada Pickering Airport Lands 2003 YDSS C Tompi Major Ck '14 Rouge-Duffins Agr Pres 2004 Up Petticoat Ck 2014 Mkhm Family Scientific Name 2002 #11 '02 Blk C Blk G Blk H Blk I Blk N Blk O Blk U Blk V 2004 on '04 Blk A Blk B Blk A Blk B Blk C Blk EF Blk A Blk B Blk C E '10
Cyperaceae Schoenoplectus tabernaemontani x x x x x x x Cyperaceae Scirpus atrovirens x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x Cyperaceae Scirpus cyperinus x Cyperaceae Scirpus microcarpus x x x x x Cyperaceae Scirpus pendulus x Dennstaedtiaceae Pteridium aquilinum var. latiusculum x x x Dryopteridaceae Dryopteris carthusiana x x x x x x x x x x x x x x Dryopteridaceae Dryopteris clintoniana x x x Dryopteridaceae Dryopteris cristata x x x x x Dryopteridaceae Dryopteris intermedia x x x x x x x Dryopteridaceae Dryopteris marginalis x x x Dryopteridaceae Polystichum acrostichoides x x x x x x x x x Elaeagnaceae Elaeagnus umbellata x Equisetaceae Equisetum arvense x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x Equisetaceae Equisetum fluviatile x x x x x x Equisetaceae Equisetum hyemale ssp. affine x x x x x x x x x x Equisetaceae Equisetum pratense x Equisetaceae Equisetum scirpoides x x x x x Equisetaceae Equisetum variegatum ssp. variegatum x x x Ericaceae Hypopitys monotropa x x Euphorbiaceae Acalypha rhomboidea x x x x x Euphorbiaceae Euphorbia maculata x Fabaceae Amorpha fruticosa xpr Fabaceae Amphicarpaea bracteata x x x x xpr x Fabaceae Apios americana x Fabaceae Desmodium canadense x Fabaceae Gleditsia triacanthos xp x Fabaceae Lathyrus tuberosus x Fabaceae Lotus corniculatus x x x x x x x x x x Fabaceae Medicago lupulina x x x x x x x Fabaceae Medicago sativa ssp. sativa x x x x x x Fabaceae Melilotus albus x x x x x x x x x x x Fabaceae Melilotus officinalis x x Fabaceae Robinia pseudoacacia x x x x x x x x x xpr Fabaceae Securigera varia x x x x Fabaceae Trifolium hybridum x x x Fabaceae Trifolium pratense x x x x x x x x x x x Fabaceae Trifolium repens x x x x Fabaceae Vicia cracca x x x X x x x x x x x x x x x x Fagaceae Fagus grandifolia x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x Fagaceae Fagus sylvatica xp Fagaceae Quercus macrocarpa x x x x x x x x x x x x x x Fagaceae Quercus rubra x x x x x x x x x x xp x xpr x Geraniaceae Geranium robertianum x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x Grossulariaceae Ribes americanum x x x x x x x Grossulariaceae Ribes cynosbati x x x x x x x x x x x x x Grossulariaceae Ribes hirtellum x x Grossulariaceae Ribes nigrum x Grossulariaceae Ribes rubrum x x x x x x x x x x x x x Grossulariaceae Ribes triste x x Grossulariaceae Ribes uva-crispa x Hydrocharitaceae Elodea canadensis x x x Hypericaceae Hypericum ascyron x Hypericaceae Hypericum perforatum xcf x x x x x x x Iridaceae Iris pseudacorus x x x Iridaceae Iris versicolor x x x x Iridaceae Sisyrinchium montanum x x x Juglandaceae Carya cordiformis x x x x x x x x x x Juglandaceae Carya ovata xp xp Juglandaceae Juglans ailantifolia xp Juglandaceae Juglans cinerea x x x xcf xcf
Page 128 Appendix 3b: Rouge Park North Flora Species
L Rouge Rouge Transport Canada Pickering Airport Lands 2003 YDSS C Tompi Major Ck '14 Rouge-Duffins Agr Pres 2004 Up Petticoat Ck 2014 Mkhm Family Scientific Name 2002 #11 '02 Blk C Blk G Blk H Blk I Blk N Blk O Blk U Blk V 2004 on '04 Blk A Blk B Blk A Blk B Blk C Blk EF Blk A Blk B Blk C E '10
Juglandaceae Juglans nigra x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x Juglandaceae Juglans regia xp Juglandaceae Juglans x bisbyi x Juncaceae Juncus articulatus x x Juncaceae Juncus bufonius x x x x x Juncaceae Juncus dudleyi x x x x x x Juncaceae Juncus effusus x Juncaceae Juncus nodosus x Juncaceae Juncus tenuis x x x x x Juncaceae Juncus torreyi x x Lamiaceae Clinopodium vulgare x x Lamiaceae Glechoma hederacea x x x x x x x x x x x Lamiaceae Lamium purpureum x Lamiaceae Leonurus cardiaca ssp. cardiaca x x x x x x x x x x Lamiaceae Lycopus americanus x x x x x x x x x Lamiaceae Lycopus americanus x europaeus x Lamiaceae Lycopus europaeus x x x x Lamiaceae Lycopus uniflorus x x x x x x x x x x x x Lamiaceae Mentha arvensis ssp. borealis x x x x x x x Lamiaceae Mentha spicata x Lamiaceae Monarda fistulosa x Lamiaceae Nepeta cataria x x x x Lamiaceae Prunella vulgaris ssp. lanceolata x xcf xcf xcf xcf x x xcf x x Lamiaceae Scutellaria galericulata x x Lamiaceae Scutellaria lateriflora x x x x Liliaceae Erythronium americanum ssp. americanum x x x x x x x x x x x x x x Liliaceae Lilium michiganense x x x Lythraceae Lythrum salicaria x x x x x x x x x x x Magnoliaceae Liriodendron tulipifera xp Malvaceae Abutilon theophrasti x x Malvaceae Malva moschata x Malvaceae Malva neglecta xcf xcf x x x Malvaceae Tilia americana x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x Melanthiaceae Trillium erectum x x x x x x Melanthiaceae Trillium grandiflorum x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x Menispermaceae Menispermum canadense x x Montiaceae Claytonia caroliniana x x x x Montiaceae Claytonia virginica x Moraceae Morus alba x x x x x Oleaceae Forsythia viridissima x Oleaceae Fraxinus americana x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x Oleaceae Fraxinus excelsior x x x x x x x x Oleaceae Fraxinus nigra x x x x x x x Oleaceae Fraxinus pennsylvanica x x x x x x x x x x x x x x Oleaceae Ligustrum vulgare x x x x Oleaceae Syringa vulgaris x x x x x x x x x x x x Onagraceae Circaea alpina x x Onagraceae Circaea canadensis ssp. canadensis x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x Onagraceae Epilobium ciliatum ssp. ciliatum x x x x x x x x Onagraceae Epilobium coloratum x x x x x x Onagraceae Epilobium hirsutum x x x x x x Onagraceae Epilobium parviflorum x xcf x x x x x x x x x x x Onagraceae Oenothera biennis x x x x x x x x Onocleaceae Matteuccia struthiopteris var. pensylvanica x x x x x x x x x x x x Onocleaceae Onoclea sensibilis x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x Orchidaceae Cypripedium parviflorum var. makasin x Orchidaceae Epipactis helleborine x x x x x x x x x Orobanchaceae Epifagus virginiana x x x x x x x x Osmundaceae Osmundastrum cinnamomeum x Oxalidaceae Oxalis dillenii x Oxalidaceae Oxalis stricta x x x x x x x x x x x
Page 129 Appendix 3b: Rouge Park North Flora Species
L Rouge Rouge Transport Canada Pickering Airport Lands 2003 YDSS C Tompi Major Ck '14 Rouge-Duffins Agr Pres 2004 Up Petticoat Ck 2014 Mkhm Family Scientific Name 2002 #11 '02 Blk C Blk G Blk H Blk I Blk N Blk O Blk U Blk V 2004 on '04 Blk A Blk B Blk A Blk B Blk C Blk EF Blk A Blk B Blk C E '10
Papaveraceae Chelidonium majus x x x x x x x x x x x x Papaveraceae Dicentra canadensis x Papaveraceae Sanguinaria canadensis x x x x x x Phrymaceae Mimulus ringens x x Phrymaceae Phryma leptostachya x Pinaceae Abies balsamea xp Pinaceae Larix decidua xp xpcf Pinaceae Larix laricina x xp Pinaceae Picea abies xp xp xp xp xp xp xp xp xp xp xp xpr xp xp xp xp xpr xpr xp Pinaceae Picea glauca xp xp xpr xp xp xpr xpr xp xp xpr xp Pinaceae Picea pungens xp xp Pinaceae Pinus nigra xp xp Pinaceae Pinus resinosa xp xp xp xp xp xp xp Pinaceae Pinus strobus x x x x x x x x x x x x xp x xp x x Pinaceae Pinus sylvestris x x x x x x xp xp x x x x x Pinaceae Tsuga canadensis x x x x x x x x x x x x Plantaginaceae Chaenorhinum minus ssp. minus x Plantaginaceae Chelone glabra x xp x Plantaginaceae Linaria vulgaris x x x x x x x x x x x Plantaginaceae Plantago lanceolata x x x Plantaginaceae Plantago major x x x x x x x x x x x Plantaginaceae Plantago rugelii x x x Plantaginaceae Veronica arvensis x x x Plantaginaceae Veronica officinalis x x x x x Plantaginaceae Veronica serpyllifolia ssp. serpyllifolia x x x Poaceae Agrostis gigantea x x x x x x x x x Poaceae Agrostis stolonifera x x x x x x x x Poaceae Alopecurus pratensis x Poaceae Bromus ciliatus x Poaceae Bromus hordeaceus ssp. hordeaceus x Poaceae Bromus inermis x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x Poaceae Calamagrostis canadensis x x x Poaceae Dactylis glomerata x x x x x x x x x x x x x Poaceae Danthonia spicata x Poaceae Dichanthelium acuminatum ssp. acuminatum x x x Poaceae Digitaria ischaemum x x x Poaceae Digitaria sanguinalis x x Poaceae Echinochloa crus-galli x x x x x x Poaceae Elymus hystrix x Poaceae Elymus repens x x x x x x x Poaceae Elymus riparius x Poaceae Elymus virginicus var. virginicus x Poaceae Eragrostis minor x Poaceae Festuca rubra ssp. rubra x x x x x x Poaceae Festuca trachyphylla x Poaceae Glyceria grandis x x x x x x Poaceae Glyceria striata x x x x x x x x x x x Poaceae Hordeum jubatum ssp. jubatum x Poaceae Leersia oryzoides x x x x x x x x x x x Poaceae Lolium perenne x Poaceae Milium effusum x Poaceae Miscanthus sacchariflorus x x Poaceae Muhlenbergia mexicana var. filiformis x Poaceae Oryzopsis asperifolia x x Poaceae Panicum capillare x x x x x x x x x Poaceae Panicum dichotomiflorum x x xcf x x Poaceae Phalaris arundinacea x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x Poaceae Phleum pratense x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x Poaceae Phragmites australis ssp. australis x x x x x x x x x x x Poaceae Poa alsodes x Poaceae Poa compressa x x x x x x x x x x x x x x
Page 130 Appendix 3b: Rouge Park North Flora Species
L Rouge Rouge Transport Canada Pickering Airport Lands 2003 YDSS C Tompi Major Ck '14 Rouge-Duffins Agr Pres 2004 Up Petticoat Ck 2014 Mkhm Family Scientific Name 2002 #11 '02 Blk C Blk G Blk H Blk I Blk N Blk O Blk U Blk V 2004 on '04 Blk A Blk B Blk A Blk B Blk C Blk EF Blk A Blk B Blk C E '10
Poaceae Poa nemoralis x Poaceae Poa palustris x x x x x x x Poaceae Poa pratensis ssp. pratensis x x x x x x x x x x x x x x Poaceae Poa saltuensis ssp. saltuensis x Poaceae Puccinellia distans x Poaceae Schedonorus arundinaceus x x x x x Poaceae Schedonorus pratensis xcf x x x x x x x Poaceae Schizachne purpurascens x x Poaceae Setaria faberi x x x Poaceae Setaria pumila ssp. pumila xcf x x x x Poaceae Setaria verticillata x x Poaceae Setaria viridis x x x x x x x Poaceae Sporobolus vaginiflorus xcf Polygonaceae Fallopia convolvulus x Polygonaceae Fallopia japonica var. japonica x x x x x Polygonaceae Persicaria amphibia var. stipulacea xcf Polygonaceae Persicaria hydropiper x xcf x Polygonaceae Persicaria lapathifolia x x x Polygonaceae Persicaria maculosa x x x x x x x Polygonaceae Polygonum achoreum x Polygonaceae Polygonum aviculare ssp. aviculare x x x x x Polygonaceae Rumex acetosella x Polygonaceae Rumex crispus x x x x x x x Portulacaceae Portulaca oleracea x x x x Potamogetonaceae Potamogeton amplifolius x Potamogetonaceae Potamogeton crispus x x x Potamogetonaceae Potamogeton foliosus x xcf x Potamogetonaceae Potamogeton illinoensis x Potamogetonaceae Stuckenia pectinata x x x x x Primulaceae Anagallis arvensis x x x x x Primulaceae Lysimachia ciliata x x x x x x x x x x x x Primulaceae Lysimachia nummularia x x x x x x x Primulaceae Lysimachia thyrsiflora x Primulaceae Trientalis borealis x x Ranunculaceae Actaea pachypoda x x x Ranunculaceae Actaea rubra ssp. rubra x x xcf x x x x x x x x x Ranunculaceae Anemone acutiloba x x x x x x x x Ranunculaceae Anemone canadensis x x x x x x x x x x x Ranunculaceae Anemone quinquefolia var. quinquefolia x x x Ranunculaceae Anemone virginiana x x Ranunculaceae Aquilegia canadensis x x x x x x Ranunculaceae Caltha palustris x x x x x x x x x Ranunculaceae Clematis virginiana x x x x x Ranunculaceae Ranunculus abortivus x x x x x x x Ranunculaceae Ranunculus acris x x x x x x x x x x x Ranunculaceae Ranunculus hispidus var. caricetorum x x x x Ranunculaceae Ranunculus recurvatus var. recurvatus x x x x Ranunculaceae Ranunculus repens x x x Ranunculaceae Ranunculus sceleratus xcf x x x Ranunculaceae Thalictrum dioicum x x x x x x x x x x Ranunculaceae Thalictrum pubescens x x x x x x x x x Rhamnaceae Rhamnus cathartica x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x Rosaceae Agrimonia gryposepala x x x x x x Rosaceae Amelanchier arborea x x x Rosaceae Amelanchier laevis xcf xcf xcf x xcf xp x Rosaceae Amelanchier sanguinea x Rosaceae Comarum palustre x Rosaceae Crataegus coccinea var. fulleriana xcf Rosaceae Crataegus coccinea var. pringlei x Rosaceae Crataegus flabellata x xcf Rosaceae Crataegus holmesiana xcf xcf xcf xcf x xcf x x xcf
Page 131 Appendix 3b: Rouge Park North Flora Species
L Rouge Rouge Transport Canada Pickering Airport Lands 2003 YDSS C Tompi Major Ck '14 Rouge-Duffins Agr Pres 2004 Up Petticoat Ck 2014 Mkhm Family Scientific Name 2002 #11 '02 Blk C Blk G Blk H Blk I Blk N Blk O Blk U Blk V 2004 on '04 Blk A Blk B Blk A Blk B Blk C Blk EF Blk A Blk B Blk C E '10
Rosaceae Crataegus macracantha x x xcf x x Rosaceae Crataegus monogyna x x x x x x x x x x Rosaceae Crataegus punctata x x x x x x x Rosaceae Crataegus submollis xcf xcf xcf xcf x x xcf x xcf x Rosaceae Fragaria vesca ssp. americana x x x x Rosaceae Fragaria virginiana ssp. glauca x Rosaceae Fragaria virginiana ssp. virginiana xcf xcf xcf xcf xcf xcf xcf xcf xcf xcf xcf x x xcf xcf x x x xcf Rosaceae Geum aleppicum x x x x x Rosaceae Geum canadense x x x x x xcf x x x x Rosaceae Geum fragarioides x x Rosaceae Geum urbanum xcf x xcf x x xcf xcf x x x x x x x Rosaceae Malus pumila x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x Rosaceae Physocarpus opulifolius x Rosaceae Potentilla norvegica x x x x Rosaceae Potentilla recta x x x x x Rosaceae Prunus avium x x x x x x x x x x x x Rosaceae Prunus nigra x x x Rosaceae Prunus pensylvanica x x x Rosaceae Prunus persica x Rosaceae Prunus serotina x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x Rosaceae Prunus virginiana var. virginiana x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x Rosaceae Pyrus communis x x x x x x x x xp x Rosaceae Rosa blanda x x x Rosaceae Rosa canina x Rosaceae Rosa multiflora x x x x x x x x x Rosaceae Rosa rubiginosa var. rubiginosa x Rosaceae Rubus allegheniensis x x x x x Rosaceae Rubus idaeus ssp. strigosus x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x Rosaceae Rubus occidentalis x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x Rosaceae Rubus odoratus x x x x x x x Rosaceae Rubus pubescens x x x x x x x x Rosaceae Sorbus aucuparia x x x x x x Rubiaceae Galium aparine x Rubiaceae Galium asprellum x x x Rubiaceae Galium mollugo x x Rubiaceae Galium palustre xcf xcf x x Rubiaceae Galium triflorum x x Rubiaceae Galium verum x x Rubiaceae Mitchella repens x Salicaceae Populus alba x Salicaceae Populus balsamifera x x x x x x x x x x x Salicaceae Populus deltoides x x x x x x x x x Salicaceae Populus grandidentata x x x x x x x Salicaceae Populus tremuloides x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x Salicaceae Populus x canadensis xp xp xpr xp xp Salicaceae Salix alba x x x x x x x Salicaceae Salix amygdaloides x x x x x x x x x x x xpr x x Salicaceae Salix bebbiana x x x x x x x x Salicaceae Salix discolor x x x x x x x x x x x x x Salicaceae Salix eriocephala x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x Salicaceae Salix interior x x x x x x x x Salicaceae Salix lucida x x Salicaceae Salix petiolaris x x x x x x x x x xpr Salicaceae Salix purpurea x Salicaceae Salix x fragilis x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x Salicaceae Salix x sepulcralis x xp xp x x xp xp x xpr x x x Sapindaceae Acer negundo x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x Sapindaceae Acer platanoides x x x x xp x x x x Sapindaceae Acer rubrum x x Sapindaceae Acer saccharinum x x x x xp xp xp x x xp x x xp x x x x x Sapindaceae Acer saccharum ssp. nigrum x x x x x x x
Page 132 Appendix 3b: Rouge Park North Flora Species
L Rouge Rouge Transport Canada Pickering Airport Lands 2003 YDSS C Tompi Major Ck '14 Rouge-Duffins Agr Pres 2004 Up Petticoat Ck 2014 Mkhm Family Scientific Name 2002 #11 '02 Blk C Blk G Blk H Blk I Blk N Blk O Blk U Blk V 2004 on '04 Blk A Blk B Blk A Blk B Blk C Blk EF Blk A Blk B Blk C E '10
Sapindaceae Acer saccharum ssp. saccharum x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x Sapindaceae Acer spicatum x x x x x Sapindaceae Acer x freemanii x Sapindaceae Aesculus hippocastanum x x Saxifragaceae Chrysosplenium americanum x Saxifragaceae Mitella diphylla x Saxifragaceae Mitella nuda x x x Saxifragaceae Tiarella cordifolia x x x x x x x x Scrophulariaceae Verbascum thapsus x x x x x x x Smilacaceae Smilax herbacea x x x Solanaceae Solanum dulcamara x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x Solanaceae Solanum ptychanthum x Taxaceae Taxus canadensis x x x x Taxaceae Taxus cuspidata x xp x Thelypteridaceae Thelypteris palustris var. pubescens x x x x x x x x x Typhaceae Typha angustifolia x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x Typhaceae Typha latifolia x x x x x x x x x x x x x x Typhaceae Typha x glauca x x x x x x x x x x x x x x Ulmaceae Ulmus americana x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x Ulmaceae Ulmus glabra x x x Ulmaceae Ulmus pumila x x x x x Urticaceae Boehmeria cylindrica x x x x Urticaceae Laportea canadensis x x x x x Urticaceae Pilea fontana x x Urticaceae Pilea pumila xcf x x Urticaceae Urtica dioica ssp. dioica x x Urticaceae Urtica dioica ssp. gracilis x x x x x x x x x x Verbenaceae Verbena hastata x x x x x x x x x x x x x Verbenaceae Verbena urticifolia x x x x x x Violaceae Viola labradorica x x x x x x Violaceae Viola pubescens var. scabriuscula xcf xcf xcf xcf xcf x x x x xcf Violaceae Viola selkirkii xcf x Violaceae Viola sororia var. affinis x x x Violaceae Viola sororia var. sororia x x xcf x x x x x x xcf x x x x Vitaceae Parthenocissus inserta x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x Vitaceae Vitis riparia x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x Woodsiaceae Athyrium filix-femina var. angustum x x x x x x x x x x Woodsiaceae Cystopteris bulbifera x x x x x x x x Woodsiaceae Cystopteris tenuis x x Woodsiaceae Gymnocarpium dryopteris x x x Xanthorrhoeaceae Hemerocallis fulva x x x x x x
Page 133 Appendix 3c: Rouge Park South Flora Species Rouge YDSS Agr Shep- 6431 TVM Toronto Rouge Marsh Royal north n of Shep- TVM Port Coast- Town- 2014 surveys for Parks Canada #2 Blk D Pres Mvale Steele #49 ESA Rouge of zoo Twyn R Mside #50 Union al Wet- line Blk A Blk B Blk C Blk D Blk E Blk F Glen Rouge Family Scientific Name 2002 2004 2004 2006 s 2006 2007 09-11 2002 2009 2009 2010 2010 2010 2010 2013 lands LTMP 2014 2014 2014 2014 2014 2014 2014 2005
Acoraceae Acorus americanus xpr Adoxaceae Sambucus canadensis x x x x x x x x xp Adoxaceae Sambucus racemosa ssp. pubens x x x x x x x x x x x x Adoxaceae Viburnum acerifolium x x x x x x x x x x x x x Adoxaceae Viburnum lantana x x x x x x x x Adoxaceae Viburnum lentago x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x Adoxaceae Viburnum opulus ssp. opulus x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x Adoxaceae Viburnum opulus ssp. trilobum xcf xpcf Adoxaceae Viburnum rafinesquianum x x x Alismataceae Alisma triviale xcf xcf xcf xcf xcf xcf xcf xcf xcf x x x xcf x Alismataceae Sagittaria cuneata x Alismataceae Sagittaria latifolia x x x x x x x xpr x x Amaranthaceae Amaranthus albus x Amaranthaceae Amaranthus blitoides x Amaranthaceae Amaranthus retroflexus x Amaranthaceae Atriplex patula x x x x x Amaranthaceae Atriplex prostrata x x x Amaranthaceae Chenopodium album x x x x x x x x x x x x x x Amaranthaceae Chenopodium glaucum x x x x x Amaranthaceae Chenopodium rubrum x Amaranthaceae Chenopodium simplex x Amaryllidaceae Allium tricoccum x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x Amaryllidaceae Allium vineale x Amaryllidaceae Narcissus poeticus x x Amaryllidaceae Narcissus pseudonarcissus x xpr x Anacardiaceae Rhus aromatica xp xp xp xpr Anacardiaceae Rhus typhina x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x Anacardiaceae Toxicodendron radicans var. radicans x x x x x x Anacardiaceae Toxicodendron radicans var. rydbergii x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x Apiaceae Aegopodium podagraria x x x x x x x x x Apiaceae Angelica atropurpurea x x x x x x x x x x Apiaceae Cicuta bulbifera x x x Apiaceae Cicuta maculata x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x Apiaceae Cryptotaenia canadensis x x x x x x x x Apiaceae Daucus carota x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x Apiaceae Heracleum mantegazzianum x Apiaceae Heracleum maximum x x x x x x x x Apiaceae Osmorhiza claytonii x x x x x x x Apiaceae Osmorhiza longistylis zoo Apiaceae Pastinaca sativa x x x x x x x x Apiaceae Sanicula marilandica x x x x xcf x x x Apiaceae Sanicula odorata x x Apiaceae Sium suave x x x x x Apiaceae Taenidia integerrima x x x x Apiaceae Torilis arvensis x x Apiaceae Torilis japonica x xcf x Apocynaceae Apocynum androsaemifolium x x x x x x x x x x x x x x Apocynaceae Apocynum cannabinum var. cannabinum xcf xcf xcf xcf x xcf xcf xcf x x x x x Apocynaceae Apocynum cannabinum var. hypericifolium x Apocynaceae Asclepias exaltata x x x x Apocynaceae Asclepias incarnata ssp. incarnata x x x x x x x x x x x x Apocynaceae Asclepias syriaca x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x Apocynaceae Asclepias tuberosa xp Apocynaceae Cynanchum rossicum x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x Apocynaceae Vinca minor x x x x x x x x x Aquifoliaceae Ilex verticillata x x x Araceae Arisaema triphyllum x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x Araceae Calla palustris x x Araceae Lemna minor xcf xcf xcf xcf xcf xcf xcf xcf xcf x x Araceae Lemna trisulca x x x x x x x Araceae Lemna turionifera x x x x x x xcf Araceae Spirodela polyrhiza x x x x x x x x x x x Araceae Wolffia borealis x x x x
Page 134 Appendix 3c: Rouge Park South Flora Species Rouge YDSS Agr Shep- 6431 TVM Toronto Rouge Marsh Royal north n of Shep- TVM Port Coast- Town- 2014 surveys for Parks Canada #2 Blk D Pres Mvale Steele #49 ESA Rouge of zoo Twyn R Mside #50 Union al Wet- line Blk A Blk B Blk C Blk D Blk E Blk F Glen Rouge Family Scientific Name 2002 2004 2004 2006 s 2006 2007 09-11 2002 2009 2009 2010 2010 2010 2010 2013 lands LTMP 2014 2014 2014 2014 2014 2014 2014 2005
Araceae Wolffia columbiana x x x Araliaceae Aralia nudicaulis x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x Araliaceae Aralia racemosa ssp. racemosa x x x x x x x x x x Araliaceae Hedera helix x x Araliaceae Hydrocotyle americana x x x x x x Araliaceae Panax quinquefolius x x x Aristolochiaceae Asarum canadense x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x Asparagaceae Asparagus officinalis x x x x x x x x x x x x x x Asparagaceae Convallaria majalis x x x x x x x x x x x x x Asparagaceae Hosta ventricosa xpr x Asparagaceae Maianthemum canadense x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x Asparagaceae Maianthemum racemosum ssp. racemosum x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x Asparagaceae Maianthemum stellatum x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x Asparagaceae Muscari botryoides x Asparagaceae Polygonatum multiflorum x xpr Asparagaceae Polygonatum pubescens x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x Asparagaceae Scilla siberica x x x x x Asteraceae Achillea millefolium ssp. lanulosa x x x xcf x x x x x x x x x Asteraceae Achillea millefolium ssp. millefolium x x Asteraceae Ageratina altissima var. altissima x x x x x x x x x x x x x x Asteraceae Ambrosia artemisiifolia x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x Asteraceae Ambrosia trifida x Asteraceae Anaphalis margaritacea x x Asteraceae Antennaria howellii ssp. howellii xcf xcf xcf x x xcf xcf x x Asteraceae Antennaria parlinii ssp. fallax x x x x x Asteraceae Arctium lappa x x x x x x x x x Asteraceae Arctium minus x x x x x x x x x x x x x Asteraceae Artemisia biennis x x x Asteraceae Artemisia ludoviciana x Asteraceae Artemisia vulgaris x x x Asteraceae Bellis perennis x Asteraceae Bidens cernua x x x x x x x x x x x x x x Asteraceae Bidens discoidea x Asteraceae Bidens frondosa x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x Asteraceae Bidens tripartita x Asteraceae Bidens vulgata x x x x x x x x x x Asteraceae Carduus acanthoides x Asteraceae Carduus nutans ssp. nutans x x x Asteraceae Centaurea jacea xcf Asteraceae Centaurea nigra x Asteraceae Centaurea stoebe ssp. micranthos x x x x x x x Asteraceae Cichorium intybus x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x Asteraceae Cirsium arvense x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x Asteraceae Cirsium vulgare x x x x x x x x x x x x x x Asteraceae Doellingeria umbellata var. umbellata x x x x x x x x x x x Asteraceae Echinops sphaerocephalus x x x Asteraceae Erechtites hieraciifolius var. hieraciifolius x Asteraceae Erigeron annuus x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x Asteraceae Erigeron canadensis x x x x x x x x x x x x Asteraceae Erigeron philadelphicus var. philadelphicus x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x Asteraceae Erigeron pulchellus x x x x Asteraceae Erigeron strigosus x x x x x x x x Asteraceae Eupatorium altissimum x Asteraceae Eupatorium perfoliatum x x x x x x x x x x x x xp Asteraceae Eurybia macrophylla x x x x x x x x x x x x x Asteraceae Euthamia graminifolia x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x Asteraceae Eutrochium maculatum var. maculatum x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x Asteraceae Helenium autumnale xpr xp Asteraceae Helianthus decapetalus x Asteraceae Helianthus divaricatus xp xp x x Asteraceae Helianthus giganteus xpr xp Asteraceae Helianthus strumosus xpcf Asteraceae Helianthus tuberosus x x x x x x x x x x x x x
Page 135 Appendix 3c: Rouge Park South Flora Species Rouge YDSS Agr Shep- 6431 TVM Toronto Rouge Marsh Royal north n of Shep- TVM Port Coast- Town- 2014 surveys for Parks Canada #2 Blk D Pres Mvale Steele #49 ESA Rouge of zoo Twyn R Mside #50 Union al Wet- line Blk A Blk B Blk C Blk D Blk E Blk F Glen Rouge Family Scientific Name 2002 2004 2004 2006 s 2006 2007 09-11 2002 2009 2009 2010 2010 2010 2010 2013 lands LTMP 2014 2014 2014 2014 2014 2014 2014 2005
Asteraceae Heliopsis helianthoides xp xpr xpr xpr xpr xp Asteraceae Inula helenium x x x x x x x x x x x Asteraceae Lactuca biennis x xcf x x Asteraceae Lactuca serriola x x x x x x Asteraceae Lapsana communis x x x x x x x Asteraceae Leucanthemum vulgare x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x Asteraceae Liatris spicata xp xpr xpr Asteraceae Matricaria chamomilla x Asteraceae Matricaria discoidea x x x x Asteraceae Mycelis muralis x x Asteraceae Nabalus albus x x x x Asteraceae Nabalus altissimus x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x Asteraceae Packera paupercula x Asteraceae Pilosella aurantiaca x x x Asteraceae Pilosella caespitosa x x x x x x x x x x x Asteraceae Pilosella officinarum x x Asteraceae Pilosella piloselloides x x x x x x x Asteraceae Pilosella x floribunda x x x Asteraceae Ratibida pinnata xpr Asteraceae Rudbeckia hirta x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x Asteraceae Rudbeckia laciniata xp xp xpr xpr Asteraceae Rudbeckia triloba x x x x x Asteraceae Silphium perfoliatum x xpr Asteraceae Solidago altissima x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x Asteraceae Solidago caesia x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x Asteraceae Solidago canadensis var. canadensis x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x Asteraceae Solidago flexicaulis x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x Asteraceae Solidago gigantea x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x Asteraceae Solidago hispida x x Asteraceae Solidago juncea x x x x x x x x x x x x x x Asteraceae Solidago nemoralis ssp. nemoralis x x x x x x x x x x x x Asteraceae Solidago patula x x x Asteraceae Solidago ptarmicoides xp Asteraceae Solidago rigida ssp. rigida xpr Asteraceae Sonchus arvensis ssp. arvensis x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x Asteraceae Sonchus asper x x x Asteraceae Sonchus oleraceus x x x x x x Asteraceae Symphyotrichum ciliatum x Asteraceae Symphyotrichum cordifolium x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x Asteraceae Symphyotrichum ericoides var. ericoides x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x Asteraceae Symphyotrichum firmum x Asteraceae Symphyotrichum laeve var. laeve xp Asteraceae Symphyotrichum lanceolatum var. lanceolatum x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x Asteraceae Symphyotrichum lateriflorum var. lateriflorum x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x Asteraceae Symphyotrichum novae-angliae x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x Asteraceae Symphyotrichum oolentangiense x x x x x Asteraceae Symphyotrichum pilosum var. pilosum x Asteraceae Symphyotrichum puniceum var. puniceum x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x Asteraceae Symphyotrichum urophyllum x xpcf Asteraceae Symphyotrichum x amethystinum x Asteraceae Tanacetum vulgare x x x x x x x Asteraceae Taraxacum officinale x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x Asteraceae Tragopogon dubius x xcf x x x x x x x x x Asteraceae Tragopogon pratensis x x x x x x x Asteraceae Tripleurospermum inodorum x Asteraceae Tussilago farfara x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x Asteraceae Xanthium spinosum x Asteraceae Xanthium strumarium x x x x x x x x x x x Balsaminaceae Impatiens capensis x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x Balsaminaceae Impatiens glandulifera x x x x x x x x Balsaminaceae Impatiens pallida x x x x Berberidaceae Berberis thunbergii x x x x x x x x x x x x Berberidaceae Berberis vulgaris x x x x
Page 136 Appendix 3c: Rouge Park South Flora Species Rouge YDSS Agr Shep- 6431 TVM Toronto Rouge Marsh Royal north n of Shep- TVM Port Coast- Town- 2014 surveys for Parks Canada #2 Blk D Pres Mvale Steele #49 ESA Rouge of zoo Twyn R Mside #50 Union al Wet- line Blk A Blk B Blk C Blk D Blk E Blk F Glen Rouge Family Scientific Name 2002 2004 2004 2006 s 2006 2007 09-11 2002 2009 2009 2010 2010 2010 2010 2013 lands LTMP 2014 2014 2014 2014 2014 2014 2014 2005
Berberidaceae Caulophyllum giganteum x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x Berberidaceae Caulophyllum thalictroides x x x x x x x x x x Berberidaceae Podophyllum peltatum x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x Betulaceae Alnus glutinosa x x x x x x xp x x x Betulaceae Alnus glutinosa x incana ssp. rugosa xp xp Betulaceae Alnus incana ssp. incana xp Betulaceae Alnus incana ssp. rugosa x x xp Betulaceae Alnus viridis ssp. crispa xp Betulaceae Betula alleghaniensis x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x Betulaceae Betula papyrifera x xp x x x x x x x x x x x x xp x x x x x x Betulaceae Betula pendula xp x x x x x x x x x Betulaceae Carpinus caroliniana ssp. virginiana x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x Betulaceae Corylus americana x xp Betulaceae Corylus cornuta x x x x x x x x x x x x x Betulaceae Ostrya virginiana x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x Bignoniaceae Catalpa speciosa x xp xp Boraginaceae Echium vulgare x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x Boraginaceae Hackelia virginiana x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x Boraginaceae Hydrophyllum canadense x x x x x x x x Boraginaceae Hydrophyllum virginianum x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x Boraginaceae Lithospermum officinale x x x x x x Boraginaceae Myosotis laxa x x x x x x x x x Boraginaceae Myosotis scorpioides x x x x x x x x x x x x x Boraginaceae Myosotis sylvatica x x x x x x x Boraginaceae Pulmonaria officinalis x Boraginaceae Symphytum asperum x Boraginaceae Symphytum officinale x Brassicaceae Alliaria petiolata x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x Brassicaceae Barbarea vulgaris x x x x x x x x x x x x x x Brassicaceae Boechera canadensis x x x Brassicaceae Boechera laevigata x Brassicaceae Brassica juncea x xcf x Brassicaceae Brassica rapa x Brassicaceae Cakile edentula x x x x Brassicaceae Capsella bursa-pastoris x x x x x x x Brassicaceae Cardamine concatenata x x x x x x x x x Brassicaceae Cardamine diphylla x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x Brassicaceae Cardamine hirsuta x Brassicaceae Cardamine impatiens x x Brassicaceae Cardamine maxima x x x x x x x x x x x x x x Brassicaceae Cardamine pensylvanica x x x x x Brassicaceae Erucastrum gallicum x x x Brassicaceae Erysimum cheiranthoides x x x x x x x Brassicaceae Erysimum hieraciifolium x x x Brassicaceae Hesperis matronalis x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x Brassicaceae Lepidium campestre x x x Brassicaceae Lepidium densiflorum x xcf Brassicaceae Lepidium virginicum x Brassicaceae Nasturtium microphyllum x x x x x x x Brassicaceae Rorippa austriaca x x Brassicaceae Rorippa palustris ssp. hispida x x Brassicaceae Rorippa palustris ssp. palustris x x Brassicaceae Sinapis arvensis x Brassicaceae Sisymbrium officinale x Brassicaceae Thlaspi arvense x x Brassicaceae Turritis glabra x Buxaceae Buxus sempervirens x Buxaceae Pachysandra terminalis x Campanulaceae Campanula aparinoides x Campanulaceae Campanula rapunculoides x x x x x x x x x x x Campanulaceae Lobelia cardinalis xp Campanulaceae Lobelia siphilitica x xp x x x x x Cannabaceae Celtis occidentalis xp xp xp xp
Page 137 Appendix 3c: Rouge Park South Flora Species Rouge YDSS Agr Shep- 6431 TVM Toronto Rouge Marsh Royal north n of Shep- TVM Port Coast- Town- 2014 surveys for Parks Canada #2 Blk D Pres Mvale Steele #49 ESA Rouge of zoo Twyn R Mside #50 Union al Wet- line Blk A Blk B Blk C Blk D Blk E Blk F Glen Rouge Family Scientific Name 2002 2004 2004 2006 s 2006 2007 09-11 2002 2009 2009 2010 2010 2010 2010 2013 lands LTMP 2014 2014 2014 2014 2014 2014 2014 2005
Cannabaceae Humulus lupulus x Caprifoliaceae Diervilla lonicera x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x Caprifoliaceae Dipsacus fullonum x x x x x x x Caprifoliaceae Kolkwitzia amabilis xpr Caprifoliaceae Lonicera canadensis x x x x x x x Caprifoliaceae Lonicera dioica x x x x x x x x x Caprifoliaceae Lonicera hirsuta x x x Caprifoliaceae Lonicera maackii x x Caprifoliaceae Lonicera morrowii x x x x x x x x x x x x Caprifoliaceae Lonicera tatarica x x x x x x x x x Caprifoliaceae Lonicera x bella x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x Caprifoliaceae Lonicera xylosteum x x x x Caprifoliaceae Symphoricarpos albus var. albus x x x x x x x x Caprifoliaceae Symphoricarpos albus var. laevigatus x x Caprifoliaceae Valeriana officinalis x x x x x x x x x x Caryophyllaceae Arenaria serpyllifolia x Caryophyllaceae Cerastium arvense ssp. arvense x x Caryophyllaceae Cerastium fontanum x x x x x x x Caryophyllaceae Dianthus armeria x x x x x x x x Caryophyllaceae Myosoton aquaticum x x x Caryophyllaceae Saponaria officinalis x x x x x x x x x x x x Caryophyllaceae Silene antirrhina x Caryophyllaceae Silene armeria x Caryophyllaceae Silene latifolia x x x x x x x x x Caryophyllaceae Silene vulgaris x x x x x x x x x x x Caryophyllaceae Spergularia media x x x Caryophyllaceae Spergularia salina x x x x x Caryophyllaceae Stellaria graminea x x Caryophyllaceae Stellaria longifolia x x Caryophyllaceae Stellaria media x x x Celastraceae Celastrus orbiculatus x x x x x x x x x x x xcf Celastraceae Celastrus scandens x xcf x x x x x x xcf Celastraceae Euonymus alatus x x x x Celastraceae Euonymus europaeus x x x x x x Ceratophyllaceae Ceratophyllum demersum x x x x xp x x x x Colchicaceae Streptopus lanceolatus var. lanceolatus x x x x x x Colchicaceae Uvularia grandiflora x x x x x x x x x x Convolvulaceae Calystegia sepium ssp. americana xcf xcf xcf xcf x xcf Convolvulaceae Convolvulus arvensis x x x x x x x x Convolvulaceae Cuscuta gronovii x x x x x x x Cornaceae Cornus alternifolia x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x Cornaceae Cornus amomum ssp. obliqua x x x x xp xp Cornaceae Cornus foemina ssp. racemosa x x x x xp xp x x Cornaceae Cornus rugosa x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x Cornaceae Cornus stolonifera x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x Crassulaceae Hylotelephium telephium xcf xpr Crassulaceae Sedum acre x x x x x Cucurbitaceae Echinocystis lobata x x x x x x x x x x x x Cupressaceae Juniperus chinensis x x x x x Cupressaceae Juniperus communis var. depressa x x x x x x Cupressaceae Juniperus communis 'Pendula' xp Cupressaceae Juniperus sabina x Cupressaceae Juniperus virginiana x xp xp x x xp x x xp x x x x xp x x Cupressaceae Juniperus x pfitzeriana x x x Cupressaceae Thuja occidentalis x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x Cyperaceae Bolboschoenus fluviatilis x Cyperaceae Carex albursina x x x x x x x x x x x Cyperaceae Carex alopecoidea x x x x Cyperaceae Carex aquatilis x Cyperaceae Carex arctata x x x x x x x x x x x x x x Cyperaceae Carex atherodes x Cyperaceae Carex aurea x x x x x x x x x x x x x Cyperaceae Carex backii x
Page 138 Appendix 3c: Rouge Park South Flora Species Rouge YDSS Agr Shep- 6431 TVM Toronto Rouge Marsh Royal north n of Shep- TVM Port Coast- Town- 2014 surveys for Parks Canada #2 Blk D Pres Mvale Steele #49 ESA Rouge of zoo Twyn R Mside #50 Union al Wet- line Blk A Blk B Blk C Blk D Blk E Blk F Glen Rouge Family Scientific Name 2002 2004 2004 2006 s 2006 2007 09-11 2002 2009 2009 2010 2010 2010 2010 2013 lands LTMP 2014 2014 2014 2014 2014 2014 2014 2005
Cyperaceae Carex bebbii x x x x x x x x x x x x x Cyperaceae Carex blanda x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x Cyperaceae Carex brunnescens ssp. brunnescens x Cyperaceae Carex cephaloidea x x x x x Cyperaceae Carex cephalophora x x x x x x x x x Cyperaceae Carex communis x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x Cyperaceae Carex comosa xp Cyperaceae Carex crinita x xcf Cyperaceae Carex cristatella x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x Cyperaceae Carex deweyana x x x x x x x x x x x x x Cyperaceae Carex digitalis x x x Cyperaceae Carex disperma x Cyperaceae Carex eburnea x x x x x x x x x x Cyperaceae Carex flacca x Cyperaceae Carex flava x x x x Cyperaceae Carex gracilescens x Cyperaceae Carex gracillima x x x x x x x x x x x x x x Cyperaceae Carex granularis x x x x x x x x x x x x x Cyperaceae Carex grisea x x x x Cyperaceae Carex hirtifolia x x x x x x x x x Cyperaceae Carex hitchcockiana x x x x x x x Cyperaceae Carex hystericina x x x x x x x x x x x x Cyperaceae Carex interior x x x x Cyperaceae Carex intumescens x x x x x x x Cyperaceae Carex lacustris x x x x x x Cyperaceae Carex laevivaginata x x x x x Cyperaceae Carex laxiculmis var. laxiculmis zoo Cyperaceae Carex laxiflora x x x x x x x x x x x x x x Cyperaceae Carex leptalea x Cyperaceae Carex leptonervia x x x x Cyperaceae Carex lupulina x x x x x Cyperaceae Carex molesta x x x x x Cyperaceae Carex muehlenbergii var. muehlenbergii x x x Cyperaceae Carex pallescens x Cyperaceae Carex peckii x x x x x x x x x x x x Cyperaceae Carex pedunculata x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x Cyperaceae Carex pellita x x x x x x x x x Cyperaceae Carex pensylvanica x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x Cyperaceae Carex plantaginea x x x x Cyperaceae Carex platyphylla x x x x x x x x Cyperaceae Carex praegracilis x Cyperaceae Carex projecta x Cyperaceae Carex pseudocyperus x x x x x x Cyperaceae Carex radiata x x x x x x x x x x x x Cyperaceae Carex retrorsa x x x x x x x x x x Cyperaceae Carex rosea x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x Cyperaceae Carex scabrata x x x x Cyperaceae Carex siccata x Cyperaceae Carex sparganioides x x x x x x Cyperaceae Carex spicata x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x Cyperaceae Carex sprengelii x x Cyperaceae Carex stipata x x x x x x x x Cyperaceae Carex stricta x x x x xcf Cyperaceae Carex tenera var. echinodes xcf xcf xcf xcf xcf xcf x x x x x xcf Cyperaceae Carex tonsa var. rugosperma x x x x x Cyperaceae Carex trichocarpa x Cyperaceae Carex utriculata x x Cyperaceae Carex viridula ssp. viridula x Cyperaceae Carex vulpinoidea x x x x x x x x x x x x x x Cyperaceae Cyperus bipartitus x x Cyperaceae Cyperus erythrorhizos x Cyperaceae Cyperus esculentus x Cyperaceae Cyperus fuscus x
Page 139 Appendix 3c: Rouge Park South Flora Species Rouge YDSS Agr Shep- 6431 TVM Toronto Rouge Marsh Royal north n of Shep- TVM Port Coast- Town- 2014 surveys for Parks Canada #2 Blk D Pres Mvale Steele #49 ESA Rouge of zoo Twyn R Mside #50 Union al Wet- line Blk A Blk B Blk C Blk D Blk E Blk F Glen Rouge Family Scientific Name 2002 2004 2004 2006 s 2006 2007 09-11 2002 2009 2009 2010 2010 2010 2010 2013 lands LTMP 2014 2014 2014 2014 2014 2014 2014 2005
Cyperaceae Cyperus lupulinus x x Cyperaceae Cyperus odoratus x Cyperaceae Cyperus strigosus x Cyperaceae Eleocharis acicularis x Cyperaceae Eleocharis erythropoda x x x x x x x x x Cyperaceae Eleocharis obtusa x Cyperaceae Eleocharis palustris x Cyperaceae Schoenoplectus acutus var. acutus x x x Cyperaceae Schoenoplectus pungens var. pungens x x xpr xp Cyperaceae Schoenoplectus tabernaemontani x x x x x x x x x x x x Cyperaceae Scirpus atrovirens x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x Cyperaceae Scirpus cyperinus x x x xp x x xp xp Cyperaceae Scirpus microcarpus x x x x x x x x x x x x Cyperaceae Scirpus pendulus x x x x x x x x Dennstaedtiaceae Pteridium aquilinum var. latiusculum x x x x x x x x x x x x x x Dryopteridaceae Dryopteris carthusiana x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x Dryopteridaceae Dryopteris clintoniana x x x x x x x Dryopteridaceae Dryopteris cristata x x x x x Dryopteridaceae Dryopteris goldiana x Dryopteridaceae Dryopteris intermedia x x x x x x x x x x x x x Dryopteridaceae Dryopteris marginalis x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x Dryopteridaceae Dryopteris x triploidea x x x x Dryopteridaceae Polystichum acrostichoides x x x x x x x x x x x x x Elaeagnaceae Elaeagnus angustifolia x x x x x x x x x Elaeagnaceae Elaeagnus umbellata x x x x x x x x x x Elaeagnaceae Hippophae rhamnoides x x xp Elaeagnaceae Shepherdia canadensis x x Equisetaceae Equisetum arvense x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x Equisetaceae Equisetum fluviatile x x x Equisetaceae Equisetum hyemale ssp. affine x x x x x x x x x x x x x x Equisetaceae Equisetum pratense x x Equisetaceae Equisetum scirpoides x x x x x x x Equisetaceae Equisetum variegatum ssp. variegatum x x x x x x x x x x x Equisetaceae Equisetum x mackaii x Equisetaceae Equisetum x nelsonii x Ericaceae Gaultheria procumbens x x Ericaceae Hypopitys monotropa x x x Ericaceae Monotropa uniflora x x x x x x x Ericaceae Pyrola elliptica x x x x x x Ericaceae Vaccinium angustifolium x x x Ericaceae Vaccinium pallidum x x x Euphorbiaceae Acalypha rhomboidea x x x x x Euphorbiaceae Euphorbia cyparissias x x x Euphorbiaceae Euphorbia glyptosperma xcf x Euphorbiaceae Euphorbia maculata xcf x x Euphorbiaceae Euphorbia nutans xcf Euphorbiaceae Euphorbia polygonifolia x Euphorbiaceae Euphorbia serpyllifolia ssp. serpyllifolia x Fabaceae Amorpha fruticosa x Fabaceae Amphicarpaea bracteata x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x Fabaceae Apios americana x x x x x x x Fabaceae Astragalus canadensis x x Fabaceae Caragana arborescens x x Fabaceae Desmodium canadense x x x x x x x x x x x x x x Fabaceae Desmodium glutinosum x x x x x x x x x x x Fabaceae Desmodium nudiflorum x Fabaceae Gleditsia triacanthos xp x xp Fabaceae Lathyrus latifolius x x Fabaceae Lotus corniculatus x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x Fabaceae Lupinus polyphyllus x Fabaceae Medicago lupulina x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x Fabaceae Medicago sativa ssp. sativa x x x x x x x Fabaceae Melilotus albus x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x
Page 140 Appendix 3c: Rouge Park South Flora Species Rouge YDSS Agr Shep- 6431 TVM Toronto Rouge Marsh Royal north n of Shep- TVM Port Coast- Town- 2014 surveys for Parks Canada #2 Blk D Pres Mvale Steele #49 ESA Rouge of zoo Twyn R Mside #50 Union al Wet- line Blk A Blk B Blk C Blk D Blk E Blk F Glen Rouge Family Scientific Name 2002 2004 2004 2006 s 2006 2007 09-11 2002 2009 2009 2010 2010 2010 2010 2013 lands LTMP 2014 2014 2014 2014 2014 2014 2014 2005
Fabaceae Melilotus officinalis x x x x Fabaceae Robinia pseudoacacia x x x x x x x x x x x x x Fabaceae Securigera varia x x x x x x x x x x Fabaceae Trifolium hybridum x x x x Fabaceae Trifolium pratense x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x Fabaceae Trifolium repens x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x Fabaceae Vicia cracca x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x Fagaceae Fagus grandifolia x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x Fagaceae Quercus alba x x x x x x Fagaceae Quercus bicolor xp Fagaceae Quercus macrocarpa x x x x x x x x xp x x xp x x x x Fagaceae Quercus robur xp Fagaceae Quercus rubra x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x Fagaceae Quercus x bebbiana xp Gentianaceae Centaurium pulchellum x x x x Gentianaceae Gentiana andrewsii x x x Gentianaceae Gentianopsis crinita x x x x x Geraniaceae Geranium maculatum x x x x x x x x Geraniaceae Geranium robertianum x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x Grossulariaceae Ribes americanum x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x Grossulariaceae Ribes cynosbati x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x Grossulariaceae Ribes rubrum x x x x x x x x x x x x x x Grossulariaceae Ribes triste x x x x x Haloragaceae Myriophyllum sibiricum x x Haloragaceae Myriophyllum spicatum x Haloragaceae Penthorum sedoides x x Hamamelidaceae Hamamelis virginiana x x x x x x x x x Hydrangeaceae Hydrangea macrophylla x Hydrocharitaceae Elodea canadensis x x x x x x x Hydrocharitaceae Elodea nuttallii x x Hydrocharitaceae Hydrocharis morsus-ranae x x Hydrocharitaceae Najas flexilis x x Hydrocharitaceae Vallisneria americana x x Hypericaceae Hypericum ascyron x Hypericaceae Hypericum perforatum x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x Hypericaceae Hypericum punctatum x Iridaceae Crocus vernus x Iridaceae Iris germanica x x x xpr Iridaceae Iris pseudacorus x x x x x x x x x x x Iridaceae Iris sibirica x Iridaceae Iris versicolor x x x xpr x Iridaceae Iris virginica var. shrevei xprcf xprcf xpr Iridaceae Sisyrinchium montanum x x x x x x x x x x x x x Juglandaceae Carya cordiformis x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x Juglandaceae Carya ovata zoo-p? Juglandaceae Juglans cinerea x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x Juglandaceae Juglans nigra x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x Juglandaceae Juglans regia xp Juglandaceae Juglans x bisbyi xpr x x x Juncaceae Juncus alpinoarticulatus x x Juncaceae Juncus arcticus ssp. balticus x x x Juncaceae Juncus articulatus x x x x x x x x x x x x Juncaceae Juncus bufonius x x x Juncaceae Juncus canadensis x Juncaceae Juncus compressus x x x x x x Juncaceae Juncus dudleyi x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x Juncaceae Juncus effusus x x x x x x x x x xp Juncaceae Juncus nodosus x x x x x x x x Juncaceae Juncus tenuis x x x x x x x x x x x x Juncaceae Juncus torreyi x x x x x x x x x x Juncaceae Luzula multiflora ssp. multiflora x Lamiaceae Ajuga reptans x x x Lamiaceae Clinopodium acinos x
Page 141 Appendix 3c: Rouge Park South Flora Species Rouge YDSS Agr Shep- 6431 TVM Toronto Rouge Marsh Royal north n of Shep- TVM Port Coast- Town- 2014 surveys for Parks Canada #2 Blk D Pres Mvale Steele #49 ESA Rouge of zoo Twyn R Mside #50 Union al Wet- line Blk A Blk B Blk C Blk D Blk E Blk F Glen Rouge Family Scientific Name 2002 2004 2004 2006 s 2006 2007 09-11 2002 2009 2009 2010 2010 2010 2010 2013 lands LTMP 2014 2014 2014 2014 2014 2014 2014 2005
Lamiaceae Clinopodium vulgare x x x x x x x x x x x x Lamiaceae Galeopsis tetrahit x x x x x x Lamiaceae Glechoma hederacea x x x x x x x x x x x x x x Lamiaceae Lamiastrum galeobdolon xpr Lamiaceae Lamium maculatum x Lamiaceae Lamium purpureum x Lamiaceae Leonurus cardiaca ssp. cardiaca x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x Lamiaceae Lycopus americanus x x x x x x x x x x x Lamiaceae Lycopus americanus x europaeus x Lamiaceae Lycopus europaeus x x x x x x x x x x x x x Lamiaceae Lycopus uniflorus x x x x x x x x x x x x x Lamiaceae Mentha arvensis ssp. borealis x x x x x x x x x x x x x x Lamiaceae Mentha spicata x x x x x x Lamiaceae Mentha x piperita x x Lamiaceae Monarda didyma xp x Lamiaceae Monarda fistulosa x x x x x x x x x x x x x x Lamiaceae Nepeta cataria x x x x x x x x x x x x x Lamiaceae Origanum vulgare x x x Lamiaceae Prunella vulgaris ssp. lanceolata xcf xcf xcf xcf xcf x x xcf x x x x x x x x xcf Lamiaceae Prunella vulgaris ssp. vulgaris x x Lamiaceae Pycnanthemum virginianum xp xpr Lamiaceae Salvia pratensis x Lamiaceae Scutellaria galericulata x x x x Lamiaceae Scutellaria lateriflora x x x x x x x Lamiaceae Stachys palustris xcf x Lamiaceae Teucrium canadense ssp. canadense x x x x x x Lamiaceae Thymus praecox ssp. arcticus x x Lentibulariaceae Utricularia vulgaris x x x Liliaceae Erythronium americanum ssp. americanum x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x Liliaceae Lilium lancifolium x Liliaceae Lilium michiganense x x x x x x x x x x Liliaceae Medeola virginiana x x Liliaceae Tulipa x hybrida x xpr Linderniaceae Lindernia dubia var. dubia x Lythraceae Lythrum salicaria x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x Magnoliaceae Liriodendron tulipifera xp xp Malvaceae Abutilon theophrasti x Malvaceae Malva moschata x Malvaceae Malva neglecta x x x x Malvaceae Tilia americana x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x Malvaceae Tilia cordata x x x x x x Melanthiaceae Trillium erectum x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x Melanthiaceae Trillium grandiflorum x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x Menispermaceae Menispermum canadense x x x x x x Montiaceae Claytonia caroliniana x x x x Montiaceae Claytonia virginica x x x x x x x x x x Moraceae Morus alba x x x x x x x x Nyctaginaceae Mirabilis nyctaginea x Nymphaeaceae Nuphar variegata x x x Nymphaeaceae Nymphaea odorata ssp. tuberosa xcf x xpcf x xpr Oleaceae Forsythia viridissima x x x x Oleaceae Fraxinus americana x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x Oleaceae Fraxinus excelsior x Oleaceae Fraxinus nigra x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x Oleaceae Fraxinus pennsylvanica x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x Oleaceae Ligustrum vulgare x x x x x x x x x Oleaceae Syringa reticulata xp xpr Oleaceae Syringa vulgaris x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x Oleaceae Syringa x prestoniae xp Onagraceae Circaea alpina x x x x x x Onagraceae Circaea canadensis ssp. canadensis x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x Onagraceae Epilobium ciliatum ssp. ciliatum x x x x x x x x x x Onagraceae Epilobium coloratum x xcf x x x x x x x
Page 142 Appendix 3c: Rouge Park South Flora Species Rouge YDSS Agr Shep- 6431 TVM Toronto Rouge Marsh Royal north n of Shep- TVM Port Coast- Town- 2014 surveys for Parks Canada #2 Blk D Pres Mvale Steele #49 ESA Rouge of zoo Twyn R Mside #50 Union al Wet- line Blk A Blk B Blk C Blk D Blk E Blk F Glen Rouge Family Scientific Name 2002 2004 2004 2006 s 2006 2007 09-11 2002 2009 2009 2010 2010 2010 2010 2013 lands LTMP 2014 2014 2014 2014 2014 2014 2014 2005
Onagraceae Epilobium hirsutum x xcf x x x x x x Onagraceae Epilobium leptophyllum xcf x x Onagraceae Epilobium parviflorum x x x x x x x x x x Onagraceae Ludwigia palustris x x x Onagraceae Oenothera biennis x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x Onagraceae Oenothera oakesiana x Onagraceae Oenothera parviflora xp Onocleaceae Matteuccia struthiopteris var. pensylvanica x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x Onocleaceae Onoclea sensibilis x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x Ophioglossaceae Botrychium virginianum x x Orchidaceae Cypripedium parviflorum var. makasin x x x x x x x Orchidaceae Cypripedium parviflorum var. pubescens x x x x x Orchidaceae Cypripedium reginae x Orchidaceae Epipactis helleborine x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x Orchidaceae Liparis loeselii x x x Orchidaceae Spiranthes cernua x x x x x Orchidaceae Spiranthes lucida x x Orobanchaceae Agalinis tenuifolia x x x x x x x x x Orobanchaceae Epifagus virginiana x x x x x x x x x x x Orobanchaceae Orobanche uniflora x Orobanchaceae Pedicularis canadensis x x x Osmundaceae Osmundastrum cinnamomeum x x x x Oxalidaceae Oxalis dillenii x x Oxalidaceae Oxalis stricta x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x Papaveraceae Chelidonium majus x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x Papaveraceae Dicentra canadensis x x x x x x x x x x x Papaveraceae Dicentra cucullaria x x x x x x x x x x x x Papaveraceae Dicentra spectabilis xpr Papaveraceae Sanguinaria canadensis x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x Phrymaceae Mimulus ringens x x x x x xp x Phrymaceae Phryma leptostachya x x x x x x x x x x x x x Pinaceae Abies balsamea x x xp x Pinaceae Larix decidua xp xp x xp x xp xp xp xp xp Pinaceae Larix laricina xp x xp xp xp Pinaceae Picea abies xp xp xp x x x xp xpr xp xp x x xp xp xp Pinaceae Picea glauca xp xp xp xp xp xp xp xp xpr xpr xp xpr xp xpr xp xp xp Pinaceae Picea mariana xp xp Pinaceae Pinus mugo xp Pinaceae Picea pungens xp xp xp xp xp Pinaceae Pinus banksiana xp Pinaceae Pinus nigra xp xp xp xp xp xp xp xp xpr xp Pinaceae Pinus resinosa xp xp xp xp xp xp xpr xp xp xp Pinaceae Pinus strobus x x x x x x x x x x x xp x x x x x x x Pinaceae Pinus sylvestris x x x x x x xpr x x x x x Pinaceae Pseudotsuga menziesii var. glauca xp Pinaceae Tsuga canadensis x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x Plantaginaceae Chaenorhinum minus ssp. minus x x Plantaginaceae Chelone glabra x x x x x x x x x x x x x x Plantaginaceae Digitalis lanata x x Plantaginaceae Linaria vulgaris x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x Plantaginaceae Penstemon digitalis x xp x xpr xpr xp Plantaginaceae Penstemon hirsutus x x x x Plantaginaceae Plantago lanceolata x x x x x x x x x x x x x x Plantaginaceae Plantago major x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x Plantaginaceae Plantago rugelii x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x Plantaginaceae Veronica americana x x x x x x Plantaginaceae Veronica anagallis-aquatica x x x Plantaginaceae Veronica officinalis x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x Plantaginaceae Veronica peregrina ssp. peregrina x Plantaginaceae Veronica serpyllifolia ssp. serpyllifolia x x x x x x x Plantaginaceae Veronica verna x Platanaceae Platanus hybrida xp Platanaceae Platanus occidentalis x xp x xp xp xp
Page 143 Appendix 3c: Rouge Park South Flora Species Rouge YDSS Agr Shep- 6431 TVM Toronto Rouge Marsh Royal north n of Shep- TVM Port Coast- Town- 2014 surveys for Parks Canada #2 Blk D Pres Mvale Steele #49 ESA Rouge of zoo Twyn R Mside #50 Union al Wet- line Blk A Blk B Blk C Blk D Blk E Blk F Glen Rouge Family Scientific Name 2002 2004 2004 2006 s 2006 2007 09-11 2002 2009 2009 2010 2010 2010 2010 2013 lands LTMP 2014 2014 2014 2014 2014 2014 2014 2005
Poaceae Agrostis gigantea x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x Poaceae Agrostis perennans x Poaceae Agrostis stolonifera x x x x x x x x x x x x x Poaceae Alopecurus pratensis x x Poaceae Ammophila breviligulata xp Poaceae Andropogon gerardii xp xp xpr x x Poaceae Brachyelytrum erectum x x x x x Poaceae Bromus ciliatus x x x x Poaceae Bromus inermis x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x Poaceae Bromus japonicus x Poaceae Bromus latiglumis x x x x x Poaceae Bromus pubescens x xcf x x Poaceae Bromus tectorum x x x x x x Poaceae Calamagrostis canadensis x x x x x xcf x x Poaceae Cinna latifolia x x x x Poaceae Dactylis glomerata x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x Poaceae Danthonia spicata x x x x x x x x x x Poaceae Dichanthelium acuminatum ssp. acuminatum x x x x x x x x x x x Poaceae Dichanthelium acuminatum ssp. implicatum x Poaceae Dichanthelium latifolium x x x x Poaceae Digitaria ischaemum x x x x Poaceae Digitaria sanguinalis x Poaceae Echinochloa crus-galli x x x x x x x x x Poaceae Echinochloa muricata var. microstachya x x x Poaceae Elymus canadensis x x xp xp x Poaceae Elymus hystrix x x x x x x x x x x x x x Poaceae Elymus repens x x x x x x x x x x x x Poaceae Elymus riparius x x x x x x Poaceae Elymus virginicus var. virginicus x x x x x x x x x x Poaceae Eragrostis minor x x Poaceae Eragrostis pectinacea var. pectinacea x x Poaceae Festuca filiformis x Poaceae Festuca rubra ssp. rubra x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x Poaceae Festuca subverticillata x x x x x x Poaceae Glyceria grandis x x x x x x x x Poaceae Glyceria septentrionalis x x Poaceae Glyceria striata x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x Poaceae Hordeum jubatum ssp. jubatum x x Poaceae Leersia oryzoides x x x x x x x x x x x x x x Poaceae Leersia virginica x x x x x x x x x Poaceae Lolium perenne x Poaceae Miscanthus sacchariflorus x x x x x x Poaceae Muhlenbergia frondosa x x Poaceae Muhlenbergia glomerata xp Poaceae Muhlenbergia mexicana var. filiformis x x x Poaceae Muhlenbergia mexicana var. mexicana X x x x x x x x x x x x x Poaceae Oryzopsis asperifolia x x x x x x x x x x x Poaceae Panicum capillare x x x x x x x x x x x x x Poaceae Panicum dichotomiflorum x x x x Poaceae Panicum virgatum xp xpr xp xpr xpr xpr xp Poaceae Phalaris arundinacea x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x Poaceae Phleum pratense x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x Poaceae Phragmites australis ssp. australis x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x Poaceae Piptatherum racemosum x x x x x x x x x Poaceae Poa alsodes x Poaceae Poa annua x Poaceae Poa compressa x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x Poaceae Poa nemoralis x x x x x x x x x x x Poaceae Poa palustris x x x x x x x x x x x x x x Poaceae Poa pratensis ssp. pratensis x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x Poaceae Poa saltuensis ssp. saltuensis xcf Poaceae Puccinellia distans x x x x x x Poaceae Schedonorus arundinaceus x
Page 144 Appendix 3c: Rouge Park South Flora Species Rouge YDSS Agr Shep- 6431 TVM Toronto Rouge Marsh Royal north n of Shep- TVM Port Coast- Town- 2014 surveys for Parks Canada #2 Blk D Pres Mvale Steele #49 ESA Rouge of zoo Twyn R Mside #50 Union al Wet- line Blk A Blk B Blk C Blk D Blk E Blk F Glen Rouge Family Scientific Name 2002 2004 2004 2006 s 2006 2007 09-11 2002 2009 2009 2010 2010 2010 2010 2013 lands LTMP 2014 2014 2014 2014 2014 2014 2014 2005
Poaceae Schedonorus pratensis x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x Poaceae Schizachne purpurascens x x x x x x x x x x x x Poaceae Setaria faberi x Poaceae Setaria pumila ssp. pumila x x x x Poaceae Setaria verticillata x Poaceae Setaria viridis x x x x x x x x Poaceae Sorghastrum nutans xp xp xp xpr xpr xp Poaceae Spartina pectinata xpr Poaceae Sphenopholis intermedia x x x x x x Poaceae Sporobolus cryptandrus x x Poaceae Sporobolus neglectus xcf x Poaceae Sporobolus vaginiflorus xcf x x x x Poaceae Zizania palustris var. palustris xp Polemoniaceae Phlox divaricata x x Polygalaceae Polygala paucifolia x x x Polygalaceae Polygala senega x x Polygonaceae Fallopia cilinodis x Polygonaceae Fallopia convolvulus x x x Polygonaceae Fallopia japonica var. japonica x x x x x x Polygonaceae Persicaria amphibia var. emersa xp Polygonaceae Persicaria amphibia var. stipulacea xcf xcf xcf xcf xcf Polygonaceae Persicaria hydropiper x x x x Polygonaceae Persicaria hydropiperoides x Polygonaceae Persicaria lapathifolia x x x x x x x x x x x x x Polygonaceae Persicaria maculosa x x x x x x x x x x x x x x Polygonaceae Persicaria pensylvanica x x x Polygonaceae Persicaria punctata x x Polygonaceae Polygonum achoreum x x x x Polygonaceae Polygonum aviculare ssp. aviculare x x x x x x Polygonaceae Rumex britannica x x Polygonaceae Rumex crispus x x x x x x x x x x x x Polygonaceae Rumex obtusifolius x x Polygonaceae Rumex verticillatus x x Polypodiaceae Polypodium virginianum x x x Pontederiaceae Pontederia cordata xp Potamogetonaceae Potamogeton crispus x x x x x x x x Potamogetonaceae Potamogeton foliosus xcf x x xcf x x Potamogetonaceae Potamogeton natans x xpr Potamogetonaceae Potamogeton pusillus ssp. tenuissimus x Potamogetonaceae Potamogeton richardsonii x Potamogetonaceae Potamogeton zosteriformis x x x Potamogetonaceae Stuckenia pectinata x x x x x xcf x x x Primulaceae Anagallis arvensis x x x x x x Primulaceae Lysimachia ciliata x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x Primulaceae Lysimachia nummularia x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x Primulaceae Lysimachia terrestris x Primulaceae Lysimachia thyrsiflora x x x Primulaceae Primula bulleyana x Primulaceae Primula veris x Primulaceae Trientalis borealis x x x x x x x Pteridaceae Adiantum pedatum x x x x x x x x x x x x x Ranunculaceae Actaea pachypoda x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x Ranunculaceae Actaea rubra ssp. rubra x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x Ranunculaceae Anemone acutiloba x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x Ranunculaceae Anemone americana x x Ranunculaceae Anemone canadensis x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x Ranunculaceae Anemone cylindrica x x Ranunculaceae Anemone quinquefolia var. quinquefolia x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x Ranunculaceae Anemone virginiana x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x Ranunculaceae Aquilegia canadensis x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x Ranunculaceae Aquilegia vulgaris x Ranunculaceae Caltha palustris x x x x x x x x x x x x x Ranunculaceae Clematis virginiana x x x x x x x x x x x
Page 145 Appendix 3c: Rouge Park South Flora Species Rouge YDSS Agr Shep- 6431 TVM Toronto Rouge Marsh Royal north n of Shep- TVM Port Coast- Town- 2014 surveys for Parks Canada #2 Blk D Pres Mvale Steele #49 ESA Rouge of zoo Twyn R Mside #50 Union al Wet- line Blk A Blk B Blk C Blk D Blk E Blk F Glen Rouge Family Scientific Name 2002 2004 2004 2006 s 2006 2007 09-11 2002 2009 2009 2010 2010 2010 2010 2013 lands LTMP 2014 2014 2014 2014 2014 2014 2014 2005
Ranunculaceae Coptis trifolia x x Ranunculaceae Ranunculus abortivus x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x Ranunculaceae Ranunculus acris x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x Ranunculaceae Ranunculus aquatilis var. diffusus x Ranunculaceae Ranunculus hispidus var. caricetorum x x x x x x x x x x x Ranunculaceae Ranunculus pensylvanicus x Ranunculaceae Ranunculus recurvatus var. recurvatus x x x x x x x x x x x x x Ranunculaceae Ranunculus repens x x x x Ranunculaceae Ranunculus sceleratus x x x x Ranunculaceae Thalictrum dioicum x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x Ranunculaceae Thalictrum pubescens x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x Rhamnaceae Ceanothus americanus x x x x Rhamnaceae Frangula alnus x x x x x x x Rhamnaceae Rhamnus alnifolia x Rhamnaceae Rhamnus cathartica x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x Rosaceae Agrimonia gryposepala x x x x x x x x x x x x x Rosaceae Amelanchier arborea x x x x x Rosaceae Amelanchier interior x x x x Rosaceae Amelanchier laevis x x x x x x x x x x x x x Rosaceae Amelanchier sanguinea x x x x x x x x x Rosaceae Amelanchier spicata x x x Rosaceae Aronia melanocarpa xp Rosaceae Comarum palustre x Rosaceae Cotoneaster acutifolius x Rosaceae Crataegus chrysocarpa x Rosaceae Crataegus chrysocarpa var. phoenica x Rosaceae Crataegus coccinea var. coccinea xcf xcf Rosaceae Crataegus coccinea var. fulleriana x x x Rosaceae Crataegus coccinea var. pringlei x x x Rosaceae Crataegus holmesiana x x x xcf xcf x Rosaceae Crataegus macracantha x x x x x Rosaceae Crataegus macrosperma x Rosaceae Crataegus monogyna x x x x x Rosaceae Crataegus monogyna x punctata x Rosaceae Crataegus punctata x x x x x x x x x Rosaceae Crataegus schuettei x Rosaceae Crataegus submollis x x Rosaceae Duchesnea indica var. indica x Rosaceae Fragaria vesca ssp. americana x x Rosaceae Fragaria virginiana ssp. glauca x x Rosaceae Fragaria virginiana ssp. virginiana xcf xcf xcf xcf x xcf xcf xcf xcf xcf x x x x x xcf Rosaceae Geum aleppicum x x x x x x x x Rosaceae Geum canadense x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x Rosaceae Geum fragarioides x x x x x Rosaceae Geum rivale x x Rosaceae Geum urbanum x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x Rosaceae Malus baccata xcf Rosaceae Malus coronaria xp Rosaceae Malus pumila x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x Rosaceae Physocarpus opulifolius xp xpr xp xp xp Rosaceae Potentilla anserina ssp. anserina x x x x x x x x Rosaceae Potentilla argentea x x x x Rosaceae Potentilla inclinata x x Rosaceae Potentilla norvegica x x x x x Rosaceae Potentilla recta x x x x x x x x x x x x x x Rosaceae Potentilla simplex x x x x Rosaceae Potentilla supina ssp. paradoxa x x x Rosaceae Poterium sanguisorba var. polygamum x Rosaceae Prunus americana xp xp xp Rosaceae Prunus avium x x Rosaceae Prunus mahaleb x Rosaceae Prunus nigra x x x Rosaceae Prunus pensylvanica x x x x
Page 146 Appendix 3c: Rouge Park South Flora Species Rouge YDSS Agr Shep- 6431 TVM Toronto Rouge Marsh Royal north n of Shep- TVM Port Coast- Town- 2014 surveys for Parks Canada #2 Blk D Pres Mvale Steele #49 ESA Rouge of zoo Twyn R Mside #50 Union al Wet- line Blk A Blk B Blk C Blk D Blk E Blk F Glen Rouge Family Scientific Name 2002 2004 2004 2006 s 2006 2007 09-11 2002 2009 2009 2010 2010 2010 2010 2013 lands LTMP 2014 2014 2014 2014 2014 2014 2014 2005
Rosaceae Prunus persica x Rosaceae Prunus serotina x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x Rosaceae Prunus virginiana var. virginiana x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x Rosaceae Pyrus communis x x x x x x x x x x x Rosaceae Rosa blanda x x x x x x x x x x Rosaceae Rosa canina x x x x Rosaceae Rosa carolina xpr Rosaceae Rosa multiflora x x x x x x x x x x x x x x Rosaceae Rosa palustris xp xp xp Rosaceae Rubus allegheniensis x x x x x x x x x x x Rosaceae Rubus idaeus ssp. strigosus x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x Rosaceae Rubus occidentalis x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x Rosaceae Rubus odoratus x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x Rosaceae Rubus pubescens x x x x x x x x x x x Rosaceae Sorbaria sorbifolia xp x x Rosaceae Sorbus aucuparia x x x x x Rosaceae Spiraea alba x x xp xp xpr xp Rosaceae Spiraea x bumalda xpcf Rosaceae Spiraea x vanhouttei x Rubiaceae Cephalanthus occidentalis x Rubiaceae Galium aparine x x x x x x x x x x Rubiaceae Galium asprellum x x x x x x x x x x Rubiaceae Galium boreale x x x x Rubiaceae Galium lanceolatum x x Rubiaceae Galium mollugo x x x x x x x x x x x Rubiaceae Galium odoratum x x Rubiaceae Galium palustre x x x x x x x x x x x x x Rubiaceae Galium triflorum x x x x x x x x x x x x Rubiaceae Galium verum x x x x x x x Rubiaceae Mitchella repens x x x x x x x x Salicaceae Populus alba x x x x x x x x x x Salicaceae Populus balsamifera x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x Salicaceae Populus deltoides x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x Salicaceae Populus grandidentata x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x Salicaceae Populus nigra 'Italica' xp Salicaceae Populus tremuloides x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x Salicaceae Populus x canadensis xp x xp xp x Salicaceae Populus x canescens x Salicaceae Populus x jackii x x x Salicaceae Populus x rouleauiana x Salicaceae Salix alba x x x x x x x x x x x Salicaceae Salix amygdaloides x x x x x x x x x x x x x x xp Salicaceae Salix bebbiana x x x x x x x x x x x x Salicaceae Salix caprea x xp Salicaceae Salix cinerea x Salicaceae Salix discolor x x x x x x x x x x x x Salicaceae Salix eriocephala x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x Salicaceae Salix interior x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x Salicaceae Salix lucida x x x x x Salicaceae Salix nigra x x xp x xp Salicaceae Salix pentandra xp Salicaceae Salix petiolaris x x x x x x x Salicaceae Salix purpurea x x x x x x Salicaceae Salix x fragilis x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x Salicaceae Salix x sepulcralis x x xp x xp x x x xp x x x Santalaceae Comandra umbellata x x Sapindaceae Acer campestre xp Sapindaceae Acer negundo x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x Sapindaceae Acer platanoides x x x x xpr x x x x x x x Sapindaceae Acer rubrum x x x x x x x x x x Sapindaceae Acer saccharinum x x x xp x x x xp x xp x xp x x x Sapindaceae Acer saccharum ssp. nigrum x x x x x x x x x x x x x Sapindaceae Acer saccharum ssp. saccharum x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x
Page 147 Appendix 3c: Rouge Park South Flora Species Rouge YDSS Agr Shep- 6431 TVM Toronto Rouge Marsh Royal north n of Shep- TVM Port Coast- Town- 2014 surveys for Parks Canada #2 Blk D Pres Mvale Steele #49 ESA Rouge of zoo Twyn R Mside #50 Union al Wet- line Blk A Blk B Blk C Blk D Blk E Blk F Glen Rouge Family Scientific Name 2002 2004 2004 2006 s 2006 2007 09-11 2002 2009 2009 2010 2010 2010 2010 2013 lands LTMP 2014 2014 2014 2014 2014 2014 2014 2005
Sapindaceae Acer spicatum x x x x x x x x x x x x Sapindaceae Acer tataricum ssp. ginnala x x xpr x xpr x Sapindaceae Acer x freemanii x x x x x xp x Sapindaceae Aesculus hippocastanum x x x x x x x Saxifragaceae Mitella diphylla x x x x x x x x Saxifragaceae Mitella nuda x x x Saxifragaceae Tiarella cordifolia x x x x x x x x x Scrophulariaceae Verbascum blattaria x x Scrophulariaceae Verbascum thapsus x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x Smilacaceae Smilax herbacea x x x x x x x x x x Smilacaceae Smilax tamnoides x x x x x Solanaceae Physalis heterophylla x x x x x x Solanaceae Solanum dulcamara x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x Solanaceae Solanum ptychanthum x x x x Staphyleaceae Staphylea trifolia x x Taxaceae Taxus canadensis x x x x x x x x Taxaceae Taxus cuspidata x Thelypteridaceae Thelypteris palustris var. pubescens x x x x x x x x x Thymelaeaceae Dirca palustris x x Typhaceae Sparganium emersum x x x x x xpr x Typhaceae Sparganium eurycarpum x x Typhaceae Typha angustifolia x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x Typhaceae Typha latifolia x x x x x x x x x x x x Typhaceae Typha x glauca x x x x x x x x x x Ulmaceae Ulmus americana x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x Ulmaceae Ulmus glabra x x x Ulmaceae Ulmus pumila x x x x x x x x Ulmaceae Ulmus rubra x x x x Urticaceae Boehmeria cylindrica x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x Urticaceae Laportea canadensis x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x Urticaceae Parietaria pensylvanica x Urticaceae Pilea fontana x x x x x x Urticaceae Pilea pumila x x x x x x x x x x x Urticaceae Urtica dioica ssp. dioica x x x x x x x Urticaceae Urtica dioica ssp. gracilis x x x x x x x x x x x x Verbenaceae Verbena hastata x x x x x x x x x x x x x x Verbenaceae Verbena stricta xp Verbenaceae Verbena urticifolia x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x Violaceae Viola canadensis x Violaceae Viola cucullata x x x x Violaceae Viola labradorica x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x Violaceae Viola macloskeyi x Violaceae Viola odorata x x Violaceae Viola pubescens var. pubescens x x x Violaceae Viola pubescens var. scabriuscula xcf xcf xcf xcf xcf xcf xcf xcf xcf xcf xcf x x x x x xcf Violaceae Viola rostrata x x x x x Violaceae Viola sororia var. affinis xcf x x x x x x Violaceae Viola sororia var. sororia x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x Violaceae Viola tricolor x Vitaceae Parthenocissus inserta x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x Vitaceae Parthenocissus quinquefolia x Vitaceae Vitis riparia x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x Woodsiaceae Athyrium filix-femina var. angustum x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x Woodsiaceae Cystopteris bulbifera x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x Woodsiaceae Cystopteris tenuis x x x x x x x x Woodsiaceae Deparia acrostichoides (zoo) Woodsiaceae Gymnocarpium dryopteris x x x x x x x x x x Xanthorrhoeaceae Hemerocallis fulva x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x
Page 148 Appendix 3d: Rouge National Urban Park Extirpated Flora Species (L1-L3) Rank TRCA Rouge Rouge Most re- Family Scientific Name Common Name Apr-14 Park N Park S Total Park cent obs
Orchidaceae Galearis spectabilis showy orchis L1 e 1984 Haloragaceae Myriophyllum verticillatum whorled water-milfoil L1 e 1988 Asteraceae Solidago bicolor silver-rod L1 x e 2005 Brassicaceae Cardamine bulbosa spring cress L2 e 1990 Poaceae Dichanthelium linearifolium narrow-leaved panic grass L2 e 1989 Poaceae Dichanthelium xanthophysum yellow panic grass L2 e 1989 Cyperaceae Eleocharis intermedia matted spike-rush L2 e 1988 Poaceae Elymus trachycaulus slender wheat grass L2 e 1989 Boraginaceae Hackelia deflexa nodding stickseed L2 e 1989 Pontederiaceae Heteranthera dubia water star-grass L2 e 1988 Lycopodiaceae Huperzia lucidula shining club-moss L2 e 1979 Fabaceae Lathyrus palustris marsh vetchling L2 e 1974 Lycopodiaceae Lycopodium dendroideum round-branched ground-pine L2 e 1975 Osmundaceae Osmunda claytoniana interrupted fern L2 e 1974 Ericaceae Pyrola asarifolia pink pyrola L2 e 1984 Rosaceae Rosa palustris swamp rose L2 xpe xpe 1988n Salicaceae Salix humilis prairie willow L2 e 1988 Salicaceae Salix pedicellaris bog willow L2 e 1988 Asteraceae Solidago arguta var. arguta sharp-leaved goldenrod L2 e 1989 Adoxaceae Viburnum lantanoides hobblebush L2 e 1989 Poaceae Zizania palustris var. palustris northern wild rice L2 xpe xpe 1980n Acoraceae Acorus americanus sweet flag L3 xpre xpre 1990n Rosaceae Agrimonia pubescens hairy agrimony L3 e 1989 Poaceae Alopecurus aequalis short-awned foxtail L3 e 1988 Convolvulaceae Calystegia spithamaea ssp. spithamaea low bindwind L3 x e 2005 Cyperaceae Carex woodii purple-tinged sedge L3 e 1988 Onagraceae Chamerion angustifolium ssp. angustifolium fire-weed L3 e 1973 Liliaceae Clintonia borealis bluebead lily L3 e 1973 Lycopodiaceae Diphasiastrum digitatum crowfoot club-moss L3 e 1979 Rubiaceae Galium circaezans white wild licorice L3 e 1975 Rubiaceae Galium trifidum ssp. trifidum small bedstraw L3 e 1988 Poaceae Glyceria borealis northern manna grass L3 e 1996 Juncaceae Luzula acuminata hairy wood rush L3 e 1979 Scrophulariaceae Scrophularia lanceolata lance-leaved figwort L3 e 1974 Verbenaceae Verbena stricta hoary vervain L3 xpe xpe 1990n
Page 149 Appendix 3d: Rouge National Urban Park Extirpated Flora Species (L1-L3) Rank TRCA Rouge Rouge Most re- Family Scientific Name Common Name Apr-14 Park N Park S Total Park cent obs
Violaceae Viola blanda sweet white violet L3 e 1980 Rutaceae Zanthoxylum americanum prickly-ash L3 e 1974 Fabaceae Lathyrus ochroleucus pale vetchling LX e 1973 Cyperaceae Trichophorum planifolium shy bulrush LX e 2001
Page 150 Appendix 3e: Rouge National Urban Park Selected Habitat Specialist Flora Status: x=present; e=extirpated; Rank cf=ID uncertain; p=now only pltd TRCA Rouge Rouge Total Most re- Family Scientific Name Common Name Apr-14 Park N Park S Park cent obs
Species of tallgrass habitats, oak savannah (and well-lit oak forests), and sand barren
Adoxaceae Viburnum rafinesquianum downy arrow-wood L2 x x 2014 Apiaceae Taenidia integerrima yellow pimpernel L2 x x 2014 Asteraceae Antennaria parlinii ssp. fallax plantain-leaved pussytoes L3 x x 2014 Asteraceae Erigeron pulchellus Robin's plantain L2 x x 2014 Asteraceae Helianthus decapetalus thin-leaved sunflower L3 x x 2010 Asteraceae Helianthus divaricatus woodland sunflower L3 x x 2014 Asteraceae Solidago arguta var. arguta sharp-leaved goldenrod L2 e 1989 Asteraceae Solidago bicolor silver-rod L1 e e 2005 Betulaceae Corylus americana American hazel L3 x x 2004n Caryophyllaceae Silene antirrhina sleepy catchfly L2 x x x 2014 Convolvulaceae Calystegia spithamaea ssp. spithamaea low bindwind L3 e e 2005 Cyperaceae Carex muehlenbergii var. muehlenbergii Muhlenberg's sedge L3 x x 2014 Cyperaceae Carex siccata hay sedge L3 x x 2014 Cyperaceae Carex tonsa var. rugosperma red-seeded sedge L3 x x 2014 Cyperaceae Cyperus lupulinus slender umbrella-sedge L3 x x 2014 Cyperaceae Trichophorum planifolium shy bulrush LX e 2001 Elaeagnaceae Shepherdia canadensis russet buffalo-berry L2 x x 2010 Ericaceae Vaccinium angustifolium lowbush blueberry L2 x x 2014 Fabaceae Astragalus canadensis Canada milk-vetch L1 x x 2014 Fabaceae Desmodium nudiflorum naked-flowered tick-trefoil L1 x x 2009 Fabaceae Lathyrus ochroleucus pale vetchling LX e 1973 Fagaceae Quercus alba white oak L3 x x 2014 Onagraceae Chamerion angustifolium ssp. angustifolium fire-weed L3 e 1973 Plantaginaceae Penstemon hirsutus hairy beard-tongue L3 x x 2014 Poaceae Andropogon gerardii big bluestem L3 x x 2014 Poaceae Dichanthelium latifolium broad-leaved panic grass L2 x x 2014 Poaceae Dichanthelium linearifolium narrow-leaved panic grass L2 e 1989 Poaceae Dichanthelium xanthophysum yellow panic grass L2 e 1989 Poaceae Elymus trachycaulus slender wheat grass L2 e 1989
Page 151 Appendix 3e: Rouge National Urban Park Selected Habitat Specialist Flora Status: x=present; e=extirpated; Rank cf=ID uncertain; p=now only pltd TRCA Rouge Rouge Total Most re- Family Scientific Name Common Name Apr-14 Park N Park S Park cent obs
Poaceae Sporobolus cryptandrus sand dropseed L3 x x 2010 Polygalaceae Polygala senega Seneca snakeroot L1 x x 2014 Ranunculaceae Anemone cylindrica long-fruited thimbleweed L3 x x 2010 Rhamnaceae Ceanothus americanus New Jersey tea L1 x x 2014 Rosaceae Agrimonia pubescens hairy agrimony L3 e 1989 Rosaceae Amelanchier spicata running serviceberry L2 x x 2014 Rosaceae Potentilla simplex old-field cinquefoil L3 x x 2014 Rubiaceae Galium boreale northern bedstraw L3 x x 2014 Salicaceae Salix humilis prairie willow L2 e 1988 Santalaceae Comandra umbellata comandra L3 x x 2014 Verbenaceae Verbena stricta hoary vervain L3 ep ep 1990n
Species of seepage fens (some overlap with conifer swamp and coastal swale)
Cyperaceae Carex brunnescens ssp. brunnescens brownish sedge L3 x x 2009 Cyperaceae Carex disperma two-seeded sedge L3 x x 2004 Cyperaceae Carex flava yellow sedge L3 x x 2014 Cyperaceae Carex interior fen star sedge L3 x x x 2014 Cyperaceae Carex leptalea bristle-stalked sedge L3 x x x 2011 Cyperaceae Carex viridula ssp. viridula greenish sedge L3 x x 2010 Cyperaceae Eriophorum viridicarinatum thin-leaved cotton-grass L2 x x 2003 Cyperaceae Scirpus pendulus drooping bulrush L3 x x x 2014 Equisetaceae Equisetum variegatum ssp. variegatum variegated scouring-rush L4 x x x 2014 Gentianaceae Gentiana andrewsii bottle gentian L3 x x 2010 Gentianaceae Gentianopsis crinita fringed gentian L2 x x 2014 Juncaceae Juncus alpinoarticulatus Richardson's rush L3 x x 2014 Juncaceae Juncus canadensis Canada rush L1 x x 2010 Orchidaceae Spiranthes cernua nodding ladies' tresses L3 x x 2014 Orchidaceae Spiranthes lucida shining ladies' tresses L2 x x 2014 Orobanchaceae Agalinis tenuifolia slender gerardia L3 x x 2014 Pinaceae Larix laricina tamarack L3 x x x 2011n Poaceae Bromus ciliatus fringed brome grass L3 x x x 2014
Species of Great Lakes coastal habitats (beach, dune and coastal swale)
Brassicaceae Cakile edentula sea-rocket L2 x x 2013 Cyperaceae Cyperus odoratus fragrant umbrella-sedge L3 x x 2010
Page 152 Appendix 3e: Rouge National Urban Park Selected Habitat Specialist Flora Status: x=present; e=extirpated; Rank cf=ID uncertain; p=now only pltd TRCA Rouge Rouge Total Most re- Family Scientific Name Common Name Apr-14 Park N Park S Park cent obs
Cyperaceae Cyperus strigosus straw-coloured umbrella-sedge L3 x x 2010 Equisetaceae Equisetum x nelsonii Nelson's horsetail L3 x x 2009 Euphorbiaceae Euphorbia polygonifolia seaside spurge L2 x x 2009 Juncaceae Juncus arcticus ssp. balticus Baltic rush L4 x x 2014 Onagraceae Oenothera oakesiana Oake's evening-primrose L3 x x 2013 Orobanchaceae Agalinis tenuifolia slender gerardia L3 x x 2014 Poaceae Elymus canadensis Canada wild rye L4 x 2013 Rosaceae Potentilla supina ssp. paradoxa bushy cinquefoil L3 x x 2013
Species of southern affinities (Carolinian)
Apocynaceae Asclepias exaltata poke milkweed L2 x x 2014 Asteraceae Solidago arguta var. arguta sharp-leaved goldenrod L2 e e 1989 Asteraceae Solidago bicolor silver-rod L1 e 2005 Asteraceae Solidago patula rough-leaved goldenrod L3 x x 2009 Asteraceae Symphyotrichum pilosum var. pilosum hairy aster L2 x x 2010 Betulaceae Corylus americana American hazel L3 x x 2004n Brassicaceae Boechera canadensis sicklepod L2 x x 2014 Brassicaceae Boechera laevigata smooth rock-cress L2 x x 2010 Cyperaceae Carex digitalis slender wood sedge L3 x x 2014 Cyperaceae Carex laevivaginata smooth-sheathed sedge L3 x x x 2014 Cyperaceae Carex siccata hay sedge L3 x x 2014 Cyperaceae Trichophorum planifolium shy bulrush LX e 2001 Ericaceae Vaccinium pallidum hillside blueberry L1 x x 2014 Hamamelidaceae Hamamelis virginiana witch-hazel L3 x x 2014 Juglandaceae Carya ovata shagbark hickory L3 p (zoo p?) p (prob) 2014 Menispermaceae Menispermum canadense moonseed L3 x x x 2014 Platanaceae Platanus occidentalis sycamore L2 x x 2010n Poaceae Bromus pubescens Canada brome L2 x x 2014 Poaceae Glyceria septentrionalis eastern manna grass L3 x x 2010 Rosaceae Agrimonia pubescens hairy agrimony L3 e 1989 Rosaceae Crataegus coccinea var. fulleriana Fuller's hawthorn L3 xcf x x 2014 Ulmaceae Ulmus rubra slippery elm L3 x x 2014
Species of northern affinities (centre of range is boreal)
Adoxaceae Viburnum lantanoides hobblebush L2 e 1989 Araceae Calla palustris water arum L2 x x 2010 Asteraceae Solidago hispida hairy goldenrod L2 x x 2010
Page 153 Appendix 3e: Rouge National Urban Park Selected Habitat Specialist Flora Status: x=present; e=extirpated; Rank cf=ID uncertain; p=now only pltd TRCA Rouge Rouge Total Most re- Family Scientific Name Common Name Apr-14 Park N Park S Park cent obs
Boraginaceae Hackelia deflexa nodding stickseed L2 e 1989 Caprifoliaceae Lonicera hirsuta hairy honeysuckle L3 x x 2014 Colchicaceae Streptopus lanceolatus var. lanceolatus rose twisted-stalk L3 x x x 2014 Convolvulaceae Calystegia spithamaea ssp. spithamaea low bindwind L3 e e 2005 Cyperaceae Carex disperma two-seeded sedge L3 x x 2004 Cyperaceae Carex flava yellow sedge L3 x x 2014 Cyperaceae Carex interior fen star sedge L3 x x x 2014 Cyperaceae Carex viridula ssp. viridula greenish sedge L3 x x 2010 Equisetaceae Equisetum scirpoides dwarf scouring-rush L3 x x x 2014 Equisetaceae Equisetum variegatum ssp. variegatum variegated scouring-rush L4 x x x 2014 Fabaceae Lathyrus ochroleucus pale vetchling LX e 1973 Grossulariaceae Ribes hirtellum smooth gooseberry L3 x x 2014 Grossulariaceae Ribes triste swamp red currant L3 x x x 2014 Juncaceae Juncus alpinoarticulatus Richardson's rush L3 x x 2014 Juncaceae Juncus arcticus ssp. balticus Baltic rush L4 x x 2014 Liliaceae Clintonia borealis bluebead lily L3 e 1973 Lycopodiaceae Diphasiastrum digitatum crowfoot club-moss L3 e 1979 Lycopodiaceae Huperzia lucidula shining club-moss L2 e 1979 Lycopodiaceae Lycopodium dendroideum round-branched ground-pine L2 e 1975 Onagraceae Chamerion angustifolium ssp. angustifolium fire-weed L3 e 1973 Onagraceae Circaea alpina smaller enchanter's nightshade L3 x x x 2014 Pinaceae Abies balsamea balsam fir L4 x x x 2014 Pinaceae Larix laricina tamarack L3 x x x 2011n Poaceae Dichanthelium xanthophysum yellow panic grass L2 e 1989 Poaceae Elymus trachycaulus slender wheat grass L2 e 1989 Polygalaceae Polygala paucifolia fringed polygala L2 x x 2014 Primulaceae Trientalis borealis star-flower L3 x x x 2014 Ranunculaceae Coptis trifolia goldthread L2 x x 2014 Rubiaceae Galium trifidum ssp. trifidum small bedstraw L3 e 1988 Salicaceae Salix pedicellaris bog willow L2 e 1988 Saxifragaceae Mitella nuda naked mitrewort L3 x x x 2014 Violaceae Viola selkirkii Selkirk's violet L3 x x 2003 Woodsiaceae Gymnocarpium dryopteris oak fern L3 x x x 2014
Page 154 Appendix 4: List of Terrestrial Vertebrate Fauna Species reported from the area now constituting the Rouge National Urban Park, up to and including 2014.
Common Name Scientific Name Code LO PTn PTt AS PIS StD HD + TS L-Rank Survey Species: species for which the TRCA protocol effectively surveys.
Birds black tern Chlidonias niger BLTE 5 2 2 3 1 4 4 0 0 LX loggerhead shrike Lanius ludovicianus LOSH 5 4 2 3 4 3 1 0 0 LX whip-poor-will Caprimulgus vociferus WPWI 5 2 4 4 2 5 2 1 25 L1 American bittern Botaurus lentiginosus AMBI 5 2 3 3 1 3 3 0 20 L2 American coot Fulica americana AMCO 4 1 2 3 2 5 3 1 21 L2 black and white warbler Mniotilta varia BAWW 2 3 3 4 2 5 2 1 22 L2 bobolink Dolichonyx oryzivorus BOBO 1 4 4 3 1 5 1 1 20 L2 Canada warbler Cardellina canadensis CAWA 4 4 2 3 1 5 3 1 23 L2 common gallinule Gallinula galeata COGA 4 3 2 3 2 4 3 0 21 L2 grasshopper sparrow Ammodramus savannarum GRSP 3 4 3 2 2 3 3 0 20 L2 hooded warbler Setophaga citrina HOWA 3 1 2 4 1 5 3 1 20 L2 least bittern Ixobrychus exilis LEBI 4 2 2 4 2 4 3 0 21 L2 northern goshawk Accipiter gentilis NOGO 4 2 2 5 1 3 3 1 21 L2 ovenbird Seiurus aurocapillus OVEN 1 1 3 4 2 5 4 1 21 L2 red-shouldered hawk Buteo lineatus RSHA 4 2 2 5 1 3 4 1 22 L2 ring-necked duck Aythya collaris RNDU 5 2 2 3 1 4 3 0 20 L2 ruffed grouse Bonasa umbellus RUGR 1 2 3 3 3 5 2 1 20 L2 upland sandpiper Bartramia longicauda UPSA 4 1 4 3 2 4 2 0 20 L2 Wilson's snipe Gallinago delicata WISN 4 1 4 2 2 5 1 1 20 L2 alder flycatcher Empidonax alnorum ALFL 2 4 2 1 1 4 2 0 16 L3 American black duck Anas rubripes ABDU 4 2 2 1 2 3 1 0 15 L3 American redstart Setophaga ruticilla AMRE 0 3 2 3 1 4 2 0 15 L3 American woodcock Scolopax minor AMWO 0 2 2 3 2 4 2 0 15 L3 bank swallow Riparia riparia BANS 1 5 2 1 1 3 3 0 16 L3 black-billed cuckoo Coccyzus erythropthalmus BBCU 0 2 3 3 1 3 3 0 15 L3 Blackburnian warbler Setophaga fusca BLBW 3 1 2 3 1 4 4 0 18 L3 black-crowned night-heron Nycticorax nycticorax BCNH 5 2 2 3 1 4 2 0 19 L3 black-throated blue warbler Setophaga caerulescens BTBW 4 2 2 3 1 4 3 0 19 L3 black-throated green warbler Setophaga virens BTNW 1 1 2 3 1 4 3 0 18 L3 blue-headed vireo Vireo solitarius BHVI 4 1 2 3 1 3 2 0 16 L3 blue-winged teal Anas discors BWTE 4 2 2 3 2 3 2 0 19 L3
Page 155 Appendix 4: List of Terrestrial Vertebrate Fauna Species reported from the area now constituting the Rouge National Urban Park, up to and including 2014.
Common Name Scientific Name Code LO PTn PTt AS PIS StD HD + TS L-Rank brown creeper Certhia americana BRCR 1 2 2 3 2 4 2 0 16 L3 brown thrasher Toxostoma rufum BRTH 0 4 3 2 2 4 1 0 16 L3 chestnut-sided warbler Setophaga pensylvanica CSWA 2 4 2 3 1 4 1 0 17 L3 clay-coloured sparrow Spizella pallida CCSP 2 4 2 2 1 4 1 0 16 L3 common nighthawk Chordeiles minor CONI 3 3 2 1 1 4 2 0 16 L3 common raven Corvus corax CORA 3 1 1 2 1 3 4 0 15 L3 eastern meadowlark Sturnella magna EAME 0 2 3 3 1 5 1 1 16 L3 eastern towhee Piplio erythrophthalmus EATO 2 4 2 2 2 4 1 0 17 L3 golden-crowned kinglet Regulus satrapa GCKI 3 4 2 3 1 3 3 0 19 L3 great blue heron Ardea herodias GBHE 3 2 2 3 1 4 2 0 17 L3 hooded merganser Lophodytes cucullatus HOME 2 2 1 4 2 2 2 0 15 L3 horned lark Eremophila alpestris HOLA 1 4 2 2 1 3 2 0 15 L3 least flycatcher Empidonax minimus LEFL 1 4 3 2 1 3 1 0 15 L3 marsh wren Cistothorus palustris MAWR 3 2 2 3 3 3 3 0 19 L3 merlin Falco columbarius MERL 4 2 1 4 1 4 3 0 19 L3 mourning warbler Geothlypis philadelphia MOWA 1 4 3 2 2 4 2 0 18 L3 Nashville warbler Oreothlypis ruficapilla NAWA 2 1 2 2 1 5 2 1 16 L3 northern harrier Circus cyaneus NOHA 3 2 2 4 1 3 3 0 18 L3 northern waterthrush Parkesia noveboracensis NOWA 1 1 2 3 1 5 4 1 18 L3 osprey Pandion haliaetus OSPR 3 1 2 3 1 5 2 1 18 L3 pied-billed grebe Podilymbus podiceps PBGR 3 2 2 2 1 4 4 0 18 L3 pileated woodpecker Dryocopus pileatus PIWO 0 2 2 4 1 3 3 0 15 L3 pine siskin Carduelis pinus PISI 3 4 2 3 1 1 1 0 15 L3 red-headed woodpecker Melanerpes erythrocephalus RHWO 4 4 2 2 1 2 2 0 17 L3 scarlet tanager Piranga olivacea SCTA 0 2 2 4 1 4 3 0 16 L3 sedge wren Cistothorus platensis SEWR 3 1 2 3 3 4 1 0 17 L3 sharp-shinned hawk Accipiter striatus SSHA 2 2 3 4 1 3 3 0 18 L3 sora Porzana carolina SORA 1 1 2 2 3 4 3 0 16 L3 veery Catharus fuscescens VEER 2 3 2 3 1 5 2 1 19 L3 vesper sparrow Pooecetes gramineus VESP 1 3 2 2 2 5 1 1 17 L3 Virginia rail Rallus limicola VIRA 1 2 2 2 3 4 3 0 17 L3 white-throated sparrow Zonotrichia albicollis WTSP 2 3 2 2 2 4 1 0 16 L3 wild turkey Meleagris gallopavo WITU 0 1 0 4 3 3 4 0 15 L3 winter wren Troglodytes troglodytes WIWR 1 1 2 3 2 5 3 1 18 L3 wood thrush Hylocichla mustelina WOTH 0 4 2 3 2 4 2 0 17 L3 yellow-bellied sapsucker Sphyrapicus varius YBSA 3 1 2 2 1 3 3 0 15 L3
Page 156 Appendix 4: List of Terrestrial Vertebrate Fauna Species reported from the area now constituting the Rouge National Urban Park, up to and including 2014.
Common Name Scientific Name Code LO PTn PTt AS PIS StD HD + TS L-Rank yellow-billed cuckoo Coccyzus americanus YBCU 0 4 2 3 1 3 3 0 16 L3 yellow-throated vireo Vireo flavifrons YTVI 3 2 2 3 1 4 1 0 16 L3 American kestrel Falco sparverius AMKE 2 2 2 1 1 0 2 0 10 L4 barn swallow Hirundo rustica BARS 0 4 2 1 1 1 2 0 11 L4 belted kingfisher Ceryle alcyon BEKI 0 3 2 2 1 2 2 0 12 L4 blue-grey gnatcatcher Polioptila caerulea BGGN 0 1 1 3 1 3 1 0 10 L4 Carolina wren Thryothorus ludovicianus CARW 3 1 2 1 2 1 2 0 12 L4 chimney swift Chaetura pelagica CHSW 1 4 2 1 1 1 1 0 11 L4 common yellowthroat Geothlypis trichas COYE 0 3 2 1 2 4 1 0 13 L4 Cooper's hawk Accipiter cooperii COHA 0 2 2 4 1 2 3 0 13 L4 eastern bluebird Sialia sialis EABL 2 1 1 2 1 2 2 0 11 L4 eastern kingbird Tyrannus tyrannus EAKI 0 4 2 2 1 3 1 0 13 L4 eastern screech-owl Megascops asio EASO 0 2 2 1 2 3 3 0 13 L4 eastern wood-pewee Contopus virens EAWP 0 4 2 2 1 3 1 0 13 L4 field sparrow Spizella pusilla FISP 0 2 3 2 1 4 1 0 13 L4 great-crested flycatcher Myiarchus crinitus GCFL 0 2 2 3 1 2 2 0 12 L4 great-horned owl Bubo virginianus GHOW 0 2 2 2 2 2 1 0 11 L4 green heron Butorides virescens GRHE 0 3 2 2 1 4 2 0 14 L4 grey catbird Dumetella carolinensis GRCA 0 3 2 1 1 3 1 0 11 L4 hairy woodpecker Picoides villosus HAWO 0 2 2 3 1 2 2 0 12 L4 indigo bunting Passerina cyanea INBU 0 3 2 1 1 4 2 0 13 L4 northern flicker Colaptes auratus NOFL 0 4 2 1 1 3 2 0 13 L4 northern rough-winged swallow Stelgidoptery x serripennis NRWS 0 3 2 1 1 2 3 0 12 L4 pine warbler Setophaga pinus PIWA 0 1 2 4 1 3 3 0 14 L4 purple martin Progne subis PUMA 3 3 2 1 1 1 2 0 13 L4 red-bellied woodpecker Melanerpes carolinus RBWO 1 1 1 3 1 2 2 0 11 L4 red-breasted nuthatch Sitta canadensis RBNU 0 1 2 3 1 2 1 0 10 L4 red-eyed vireo Vireo olivaceus REVI 0 1 2 2 1 3 1 0 10 L4 ring-billed gull Larus delawarensis RBGU 4 2 2 1 1 1 2 0 13 L4 rose-breasted grosbeak Pheucticus ludovicianus RBGR 0 3 2 3 1 3 2 0 14 L4 ruby-throated hummingbird Archilochus colubris RTHU 0 2 2 1 1 2 2 0 10 L4 savannah sparrow Passerculus sandwichensis SAVS 0 4 2 1 1 4 1 0 13 L4 spotted sandpiper Actitis macularia SPSA 0 3 2 1 2 4 1 0 13 L4 swamp sparrow Melospiza georgiana SWSP 0 1 2 1 2 5 1 1 13 L4 tree swallow Tachycineta bicolor TRES 0 4 2 1 1 2 2 0 12 L4 turkey vulture Cathartes aura TUVU 2 1 1 1 1 1 2 0 9 L4
Page 157 Appendix 4: List of Terrestrial Vertebrate Fauna Species reported from the area now constituting the Rouge National Urban Park, up to and including 2014.
Common Name Scientific Name Code LO PTn PTt AS PIS StD HD + TS L-Rank white-breasted nuthatch Sitta carolinensis WBNU 0 2 2 3 1 2 2 0 12 L4 willow flycatcher Empidonax traillii WIFL 0 4 2 1 1 3 1 0 12 L4 wood duck Aix sponsa WODU 0 2 1 3 2 4 2 0 14 L4 American Crow Corvus brachyrhynchos AMCR 0 1 2 1 1 0 0 0 5 L5 American goldfinch Carduelis tristis AMGO 0 3 2 1 1 1 0 0 8 L5 American robin Turdus migratorius AMRO 0 1 2 1 1 1 0 0 6 L5 Baltimore oriole Icterus galbula BAOR 0 4 2 1 1 1 0 0 9 L5 black-capped chickadee Parus atricapillus BCCH 0 1 2 1 1 1 0 0 6 L5 blue jay Cyanocitta cristata BLJA 0 3 2 1 1 1 0 0 8 L5 brown-headed cowbird Molothrus ater BHCO 0 3 2 1 1 1 0 0 8 L5 Canada goose Branta canadensis CANG 0 0 2 1 2 0 1 0 6 L5 cedar waxwing Bombycilla cedrorum CEDW 0 1 2 1 1 1 0 0 6 L5 chipping sparrow Spizella passerina CHSP 0 3 2 1 1 2 0 0 9 L5 cliff swallow Petrochelidon pyrrhonota CLSW 1 1 2 1 1 1 2 0 9 L5 common grackle Quiscalus quiscula COGR 0 4 2 1 1 1 0 0 9 L5 downy woodpecker Picoides pubescens DOWO 0 1 2 1 1 1 1 0 7 L5 eastern phoebe Sayornis phoebe EAPH 0 1 2 1 1 1 2 0 8 L5 house wren Troglodytes aedon HOWR 0 1 2 1 2 1 1 0 8 L5 killdeer Charadrius vociferus KILL 0 2 2 1 2 2 0 0 9 L5 mallard Anas platyrhynchos MALL 0 1 2 1 2 1 0 0 7 L5 mourning dove Zenaida macroura MODO 0 3 2 1 1 0 0 0 7 L5 northern cardinal Cardinalis cardinalis NOCA 0 1 2 1 1 2 1 0 8 L5 northern mockingbird Mimus polyglottos NOMO 0 3 2 1 1 1 1 0 9 L5 orchard oriole Icterus spurius OROR 0 3 1 1 1 1 0 0 7 L5 red-tailed hawk Buteo jamaicensis RTHA 0 2 2 2 1 1 1 0 9 L5 red-winged blackbird Agelaius phoeniceus RWBL 0 3 2 1 1 2 0 0 9 L5 song sparrow Melospiza melodia SOSP 0 3 2 1 1 2 0 0 9 L5 warbling vireo Vireo gilvus WAVI 0 1 2 1 1 2 1 0 8 L5 yellow warbler Setophaga petechia YWAR 0 3 2 1 1 2 0 0 9 L5 European starling Sturnus vulgaris EUST 4 L+ house finch Carpodacus mexicanus HOFI 1 L+ house sparrow Passer domesticus HOSP 4 L+ mute swan Cygnus olor MUSW 2 L+ ring-necked pheasant Phasianus colchicus RINP 3 L+ rock dove Columba livia ROPI 4 L+
Page 158 Appendix 4: List of Terrestrial Vertebrate Fauna Species reported from the area now constituting the Rouge National Urban Park, up to and including 2014.
Common Name Scientific Name Code LO PTn PTt AS PIS StD HD + TS L-Rank trumpeter swan Cygnus buccinator TRUS L+
Herpetofauna grey treefrog Hyla versicolor TGTF 1 3 2 3 4 5 2 1 21 L2 spring peeper Pseudacris crucifer crucifer SPPE 1 2 2 3 4 5 3 1 21 L2 pickerel frog Lithobates palustris PIFR 4 3 2 1 3 5 2 1 21 L2 western chorus frog Pseudacris triseriata MICF 3 3 3 2 4 5 3 1 24 L2 wood frog Lithobates sylvatica WOFR 0 2 2 3 4 5 3 1 20 L2 eastern red-backed salamander Plethodon cinereus RBSA 0 2 2 1 4 4 3 0 16 L3 northern leopard frog Lithobates pipiens LEFR 0 3 2 1 4 5 2 1 18 L3 American toad Anaxyrus americanus AMTO 0 3 2 1 4 4 0 0 14 L4 green frog Lithobates clamitans GRFR 0 2 2 1 3 4 1 0 13 L4
Incidental Species: species that are reported on as incidental to the TRCA protocol.
Mammals Northern Long-eared Bat Myotis septentrionalis NLEB 5 LX river otter Lutra canadensis RIOT 4 2 2 5 3 5 2 2 25 L1 snowshoe hare Lepus americanus SNHA 5 3 3 3 1 0 0 LX northern flying squirrel Glaucomys sabrinus NFSQ 4 2 2 3 3 4 3 0 21 L2 porcupine Erethizon dorsatum PORC 3 2 2 4 4 3 3 0 21 L2 common shrew Sorex cinereus COSH 3 2 2 1 3 4 1 0 16 L3 ermine Mustela erminea ERMI 4 2 2 3 3 3 1 0 18 L3 hairy-tailed mole Parascalops breweri HTMO 3 2 2 1 4 4 1 0 17 L3 hoary bat Lasiurus cinereus HOBA 5 2 2 1 1 3 1 0 15 L3 long-tailed weasel Mustela frenata LTWE 5 2 2 3 3 3 1 0 19 L3 meadow jumping mouse Zapus hudsonius MJMO 3 2 2 2 3 3 2 0 17 L3 northern short-tailed shrew Blarina brevicauda NSTS 3 2 2 1 2 4 2 0 16 L3 star-nosed mole Condylura cristata SNMO 3 2 2 1 4 4 1 0 17 L3 beaver Castor canadensis BEAV 0 2 2 2 3 3 1 0 13 L4 deer mouse Peromyscus maniculatus DEMO 3 2 2 1 2 1 0 0 11 L4 eastern chipmunk Tamias striatus EACH 0 2 2 2 3 3 1 0 13 L4 eastern cottontail Sylvilagus floridanus EACO 0 2 2 1 3 2 1 0 11 L4 little brown bat Myotis lucifugus LBBA 4 2 2 1 1 2 2 0 14 L4
Page 159 Appendix 4: List of Terrestrial Vertebrate Fauna Species reported from the area now constituting the Rouge National Urban Park, up to and including 2014.
Common Name Scientific Name Code LO PTn PTt AS PIS StD HD + TS L-Rank meadow vole Microtus pennsylvanicus MEVO 2 2 2 1 2 2 1 0 12 L4 mink Mustela vison MINK 1 2 2 3 3 3 0 0 14 L4 muskrat Ondatra zibethicus MUSK 0 2 2 1 3 3 1 0 12 L4 red fox Vulpes vulpes REFO 2 2 3 1 3 1 0 0 12 L4 red squirrel Tamiasciurus hudsonicus RESQ 0 2 2 1 3 2 1 0 11 L4 Virginia opossum Didelphis virginiana VIOP 2 2 1 1 3 1 1 0 11 L4 white-tailed deer Odocoileus virginianus WTDE 0 2 1 3 2 1 2 0 11 L4 coyote Canis latrans COYO 1 2 2 1 3 1 0 0 10 L4 grey squirrel Sciurus carolinensis GRSQ 0 2 2 1 3 0 0 0 8 L5 raccoon Procyon lotor RACC 0 2 2 1 3 0 1 0 9 L5 striped skunk Mephitis mephitis STSK 1 2 2 1 3 0 0 0 9 L5 woodchuck Marmota monax WOOD 0 2 2 1 3 1 0 0 9 L5 domestic cat Felis catus DOCA L+
Herpetofauna Blanding's turtle Emydoidea blandingii BLTU 4 3 2 3 5 5 2 2 26 L1 blue-spotted salamander Ambystoma laterale BSSA 5 3 3 5 5 4 2 0 LX mudpuppy Necturus maculosus MUDP 5 2 2 5 3 2 1 0 LX spotted salamander Ambystoma maculatum YSSA 3 3 2 3 5 5 4 2 27 L1 common map turtle Graptemys geographica MATU 4 3 2 2 4 5 2 1 23 L2 common snapping turtle Chelydra serpentina serpentina SNTU 0 3 2 1 5 5 2 2 20 L2 northern watersnake Nerodia sipedon sipedon NOWS 4 2 2 2 4 5 2 1 22 L2 eastern newt Notophthalmus viridescens viridescens EANE 2 2 2 3 4 5 3 1 22 L2 smooth greensnake Opheodrys vernalis SGSN 4 2 2 1 4 5 2 1 21 L2 milksnake Lampropeltis triangulum triangulum MISN 2 3 2 2 4 3 1 0 17 L3 midland painted turtle Chrysemys picta marginata MPTU 0 2 2 1 5 4 1 1 16 L3 red-bellied snake Storeria occipitomaculata occipitomaculata RBSN 2 2 2 2 3 5 1 1 18 L3 Dekay's brownsnake Storeria dekayi BRSN 2 2 2 1 3 4 0 0 14 L4 eastern gartersnake Thamnophis sirtalis sirtalis EAGA 0 2 2 1 3 3 0 0 11 L4
Page 160 Appendix 4: List of Terrestrial Vertebrate Fauna Species reported from the area now constituting the Rouge National Urban Park, up to and including 2014.
Common Name Scientific Name Code LO PTn PTt AS PIS StD HD + TS L-Rank Invertebrates "chimney" crayfish Fallicambarus fodiens CHCR 1 3 2 1 4 5 2 1 19 L3
LEGEND LO = local occurrence PIS = Patch Isolation Sensitivity PTn = Continental population trend STD = sensitivity to development PTt = TRCA population trend + = additional points HD = habitat dependence TS = total score AS = area sensitivity L-rank = TRCA Rank, October, 2008 Species recorded only pre-2005
Page 161 Appendix 5: Breeding Bird Species Losses and Declines in Rouge Park South.
Species Scientific name TRCA Found by Comments L-Rank OMNR Confirmed in 1973 and definitely still present in 1990, the species appears to have been extirpated from its Rouge Marsh nesting least bittern Ixobrychus exilis L2 yes habitat where it was a rare but regular breeder. Birds were reported on territories between Finch and Steeles Avenues in 2012 and 2014. Confirmed breeder in lower Rouge River American bittern Botaurus lentiginosus L2 no Marsh in 1973. Reported as a probable breeder in the black-crowned MNR's 1990 inventory, and documented as a Nycticorax nycticorax L3 yes nightheron confirmed breeder for 1988.
Although included in OMNR's breeding bird list, the 1991 document states that the great blue heron Area herodius L3 yes species nests within 1 km of the Park. As of 2009 there has been a small colony nesting just north of Hwy 7. Documented as a possible breeder in the MNR report, but the text indicates that the osprey Pandion haliaetus L3 yes reports are probably of birds visiting from nest locations outside of the park.
Agricultural land outside of Rouge Park south may still hold the occasional nesting pair but none were reported from within. Last northern harrier Circus cyaneus L3 no confirmed in 1983, and noted as probable breeder in the northern section of the park in 2003. The OMNR document states that the last red-shouldered hawk Buteo lineatus L2 no documented breeding season sighting was in 1985.
162 Appendix 5: Breeding Bird Species Losses and Declines in Rouge Park South.
Species Scientific name TRCA Found by Comments Confirmed in 1990. This species appears to be undergoing a considerable decline as the urban edge moves further out into the rural landscape in the eastern quarter of the ruffed grouse Bonasa umbellus L2 yes Toronto region. The 2014 inventory encountered this species at two locations in the vicinity of the Beare Road Landfill.
Last reported nesting at the Rouge Marsh in American coot Fulica americana L2 no 1973. Birds were observed nest building at Reesor Pond in 2012. MNR document mentions decline of this species since 1973 (formerly abundant in lower Rouge River marsh: in 1973 there were common gallinule Gallinula galeata L2 yes 62 nests reported). Still breeding in small numbers (2 pairs) at the Marsh in 1990. A pair nested successfully at Reesor Pond in 2014. The MNR document cites personal communication with a local ornithologist ring-billed gull Larus delawarensis L4 no who stated that the species has formerly nested at the Metro Zoo.
Formerly a very common breeder in the lower Rouge River marsh (35 nests in 1973); there was one failed nest attempt in the black tern Chlidonias niger LX no marsh in 1990. The species no longer nests within the Toronto region.
163 Appendix 5: Breeding Bird Species Losses and Declines in Rouge Park South.
Species Scientific name TRCA Found by Comments The last few decades have seen a major decline in this ground-nesting, forest species – in fact the species is on the verge of whip-poor-will Caprimulgus vociferus L1 yes extirpation within the TRCA region. The MNR document indicates a possible 1990 breeding location in forest north of the Hwy 401. Another rapidly declining species. Found to be “rather uncommon” in Rouge Park south in 1990. TRCA’s inventory methodology common nighthawk Chordeiles minor L3 yes does not lend itself well to the documentation of such nocturnal or crepuscular species – the species may easily have been missed. Again, a dramatically declining species. However, although listed as a possible breeder in the 1991 document it is likely that it nests off-site. This being the case it is chimney swift Chaetura pelagica L4 yes difficult to assess whether there has been any change in status because the TRCA protocol does not report on such off-site species. Formerly an uncommon but regular breeder in northern section of Rouge Park south, there were no reports in 1990. The MNR document states that the species has red-headed Melanerpes “apparently disappeared as a breeder” in L3 no woodpecker erythrocephalus Rouge Park south. This is in keeping with the species’ ongoing continental decline. Last confirmed breeding in Rouge Park south occurred in 1983.
164 Appendix 5: Breeding Bird Species Losses and Declines in Rouge Park South.
Species Scientific name TRCA Found by Comments yellow-bellied Confirmed breeding in the Rouge in 1983. Sphyrapicus varius L3 no sapsucker The OMNR document indicates that this species is known to have formerly bred loggerhead shrike Lanius ludovicianus LX no along the north-west border of the park, as per reports from 1966. The species has nested in a woodlot to the south of Steeles Avenue (1980s) and may have occurred in the woodland to the south of Twyn Rivers in 1990. Always a very rare yellow-throated vireo Vireo flavifrons L3 yes? breeder, its absence in the decade 2001 to 2010 should probably not be viewed as an actual decline.
A singing male present in July 1990 constitutes the highest level of evidence of black-and-white breeding in Rouge Park south. A singing Mniotilta varia L2 yes warbler male was noted at a site in the northern section of the Park in late June, 2003.
A confirmed breeding record exists from black-throated blue Dendroica 1983, but the only subsequent evidence was L3 yes warbler caerulescens of a singing male in mid-June, 1990.
The MNR text suggests that in fact the Blackburnian warbler Dendroica fusca L3 yes? species was present only as a migrant. Again, despite being included on the list of breeding species the MNR text states that “territoriality was not confirmed during the Canada warbler Wilsonia canadensis L2 yes? 1990 study”. This species is typically a very late migrant, moving through southern Ontario well into June.
165 Appendix 5: Breeding Bird Species Losses and Declines in Rouge Park South.
Species Scientific name TRCA Found by Comments Indicated in the MNR document as “a rare but regular probable breeder in the park’s Dendroica chestnut-sided warbler L3 yes second growth”. Last reported as a breeding pensylvanica bird in the north section of the Park in 2002.
Ammodramus There were several pairs breeding in a field grasshopper sparrow L2 yes savannarum just west of Beare landfill in 1990. Described as an “uncommon and local white-throated Zonotrichia albicollis L3 yes breeder ... south of Twyn Rivers” during the sparrow 1990 survey. This species is known to be an irruptive winter visitor to the region and certainly there are occasional reports of birds remaining to nest after large winter irruptions. The 1991 pine siskin Carduelis pinus L4 yes MNR document suggests that individuals possibly bred in conifer stands and plantations during the 1990 study.
166 Appendix 6: Summary of L-ranks and Scores for Terrestrial Fauna at the Rouge National Urban Park over two different time periods (pre-2005 and 2005-2014).
Number of species scoring >3 points in 5 scoring criteria:
Taxa Total number of Sensitivity to Habitat L-rank grouping species Local Occurrence Development Area sensitivity Patch Isolation Sensitivity Dependence Pre-2005 2005-2014 Pre-2005 2005-2014 Pre-2005 2005-2014 Pre-2005 2005-2014 Pre-2005 2005-2014 Pre-2005 Bird 3 0 3 n/a 3 n/a 3 n/a 1 n/a 1 L1 Herp 4 2 4 2 4 2 3 2 4 2 2 Mammal 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 0 Bird 15 7 11 4 15 7 13 7 1 1 10 L2 Herp 7 8 3 3 7 8 3 4 7 8 3 Mammal 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 Bird 42 36 17 8 40 34 28 21 3 5 15 L3 Herp 5 5 0 0 5 5 0 0 5 5 1 Mammal 9 4 8 4 8 4 2 1 6 3 0 Bird 34 36 3 2 17 18 9 10 0 0 4 L4 Herp 4 4 0 0 4 4 0 0 4 4 0 Mammal 11 13 1 2 4 4 2 2 8 9 0 Bird 26 26 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 L5 Herp n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a Mammal 4 4 12 0 0 0 0 0 4 4 0 Bird 7 7 n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a L+ Herp 0 0 n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a Mammal 0 1 n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a Bird 127 112 34 14 75 59 53 38 5 6 30 total Herp 20 19 7 5 20 19 6 6 20 19 6 Mammal 28 24 13 8 16 10 8 5 22 18 2 TOTAL 175 155 54 27 111 88 67 49 47 43 38
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