Second Greater Mekong Subregion Highway Modernization Project (Formerly GMS East-West Economic Corridor Highway Development Project)

Environmental Impact Assessment (DRAFT)

June 2019

MYA: Second Greater Mekong Subregion Highway Modernization Project (formerly GMS East-West Economic Corridor Highway Development Project)

Appendixes

Prepared by the Ministry of Construction of the Republic of the Union of Myanmar for the Asian Development Bank. CURRENCY EQUIVALENTS (as of 22 February 2019) Currency unit – Myanmar Kyat (MK) MK1.00 = US$ 0.000654 US$1.00 = MK 1,533

ABBREVIATIONS AASHTO American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials ADB Asian Development Bank ADT Average Daily Traffic AHH Affected Household AP Affected Person BOD Biochemical Oxygen Demand BOQ Bill of Quantities BOT Built Operate & Transfer BMS Bridge Management System CBR California Bearing Ratio CCSR Centre for Climate Systems Research CEMP Contractor’s Environmental Management Plan CIA Cumulative Impact Assessment CMIP5 Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5 COD Chemical Oxygen Demand COI Corridor of Impact CR Critically Endangered CRRN Core Rural Road Network CSC Construction Supervision Consultant (also known as the Engineer) CSS Country Safeguard Systems dBA A weighted sound scale DBST Double Bituminous Surface Treatment DCP Dynamic Cone Penetrometer DD Detailed Design DEM Digital Elevation Model DHV Design Hour (Traffic) Volume DMF Design Monitoring Framework DOB Department of Bridges DOH Department of Highways DMH Department of Meteorology (Myanmar) DO Dissolved oxygen DTM Digital Terrain Model EIA Environmental Impact Assessment EIRR Economic Internal Rate of Return ECC Environmental Compliance Certificate ECD Environmental Conservation Department EMC External Monitoring Consultant EM-DAT Emergency Events Database EMP Environmental Management Plan EMP-CP Environmental Management Plan - Construction Phase EMP-OP Environmental Management Plan - Operations Phase EN Endangered ENSO El Nino-Southern Oscillation ESA Equivalent Standard Axle ESMS Environmental and Social Management System ESSRSS Environment Social Safeguards and Road Safety Section of DOH EWEC East-West Economic Corridor FCG Focus Group Discussions for Poverty Social Assessment FMA Financial Management Plan FMAQ Financial Management Assessment Questionnaire FS Feasibility Study GAD General Administration Department under Ministry of Home Affairs GCM General Circulation Model GDP Gross Domestic Product GMS Greater Mekong Subregion GNI Gross National Income GNP Gross National Product GoM Government of Myanmar GPS Global Positioning System GRM Grievance Redress Mechanism HDM-4 Highway Development & Maintenance Management System (4) HIV / AIDS Human Immunodeficiency Virus / Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome H&S Health and Safety HWL High Water Level IDF Intensity-Duration-Frequency IEE Initial Environmental Examination IES International Environmental Specialist IFC International Finance Corporation IMF International Monetary Fund IOL Inventory of Loss IPCC Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change IPP Indigenous Peoples Plan IPPF Indigenous Peoples Planning Framework IPSA Initial Poverty and Social Analysis IRP Income Restoration Program JICA Japan International Cooperation Agency KII Key Informant Interviews for Poverty Social Assessment km Kilometre LARP Land Acquisition and Resettlement Plan LIDAR Light Imaging, Detecting and Ranging LSS Laser Scan Survey m Metre m3 Cubic metre MAV Multi-axle Vehicle MCA Multi-criteria Analysis MCCA Myanmar Climate Change Alliance mm Millimetre MOC Ministry of Construction MOEE Ministry of Electricity and Energy MONREC Ministry of Natural Resources and Environmental Conservation MSA Million Equivalent Standard Axles MSL Mean Sea Level MTC Manual Traffic Count NASA National Aeronautics and Space Administration NASA GISS NASA Goddard Institute for Space Studies NASA GDDP NASA Earth Exchange Global Daily Downscaled Projections NES National Environmental Specialist NGO Nongovernment Organization NO2 Nitrogen Dioxide NOAA National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (United States) NPT Nay Pyi Taw NMV Non-Motorized Vehicle NDT Non-destructive Testing O-D Origin-Destination Survey OJT On the Job Training O&M Operations and Maintenance PAP Project Affected Person Pcu Passenger Car Unit PM Particulate Matter PMU Project Management Unit PPE Personal Protective Equipment PPTA Project Preparatory Technical Assistance PSA Poverty and Social Assessment PSP Private Sector Participation PPP Public Private Partnership RAP Resettlement Action Plan RCP Representative Concentration Pathway RFQ Request for Quotation ROW Right of Way RSI Roadside Interview SBD Standard Bidding Documents SBST Single Bituminous Surface Treatment SES Socioeconomic Survey SIA Social Impact Assessment SO2 Sulphur Dioxide SPS Safeguards Policy Statement SS Suspended Solids SSEMP Site-specific Environmental Management and Monitoring Plan SPS Safeguard Policy Statement SPT Standard Penetration Test TA Technical Assistance TOR Terms of Reference TSP Total Suspended Particulates UNEP United Nations Environment Programme UN-Habitat United Nations Human Settlements Programme USD United States Dollars UXO Unexploded Ordnance VA Vulnerability Assessment Vdf Vehicle Damage Factor VER Valued Environmental Receptor VOC Vehicle Operating Costs VU Vulnerable WB World Bank WHO World Health Organization WWF World Wide Fund for Nature

NOTE (i) In this report, "$" refers to United States dollars.

This environmental impact assessment is a document of the borrower. The views expressed herein do not necessarily represent those of ADB's Board of Directors, Management, or staff, and may be preliminary in nature. Your attention is directed to the “terms of use” section on ADB’s website.

In preparing any country program or strategy, financing any project, or by making any designation of or reference to a particular territory or geographic area in this document, the Asian Development Bank does not intend to make any judgments as to the legal or other status of any territory or area.

Table of Contents A. Appendix A Sensitive Locations from Drone Survey ...... 9 B. Appendix B Imagery from Google Earth ...... 21 C. Appendix C Baseline Data Collection ...... 28 C.1. Ambient Air Quality ...... 28 C.2. Ambient Noise ...... 28 C.3. Water Quality ...... 29 C.4. Soil Quality ...... 31 C.5. Sampling Locations ...... 33 C.6. Field Photos for Air and Noise Measurement ...... 37 C.7. Field Photos for water sampling ...... 41 C.8. Field Photos for Soil sampling ...... 49 D. Appendix D Baseline Results ...... 53 D.1. Appendix Ambient Air Quality Monitoring Results ...... 53 D.2. Appendix Ambient Noise Monitoring Results ...... 70 D.3. Appendix Wind Speed and direction ...... 82 D.4. Appendix Surface and Groundwater Monitoring Results ...... 95 D.5. Appendix Soil and Sediment ...... 105 E. Appendix E Biodiversity Survey ...... 108 E.1. Biodiversity Survey ...... 108 E.1.1. Background ...... 108 E.1.2. Survey Methodology ...... 108 E.1.3. Directional Walks ...... 109 E.1.4. Interviews with Villagers ...... 110 E.1.5. Meteorology ...... 110 E.1.6. Floods in the Wet Season ...... 110 E.1.7. Salinization in times of drought ...... 110 E.1.8. Findings at Intervals ...... 110 E.1.9. Plant Species ...... 128 E.1.10. Tree Species ...... 133 E.1.11. Bird species ...... 137 E.1.12. Mammal species ...... 141 E.1.13. Amphibian Species ...... 142 E.1.14. Reptile species ...... 142 E.1.15. Fish species ...... 144 E.1.16. Overview of Biodiversity Findings ...... 150 F. Appendix F CRVA ...... 152 G. APPENDIX G QUARRY INVESTIGATIONS ...... 160 G.1.1. Results of Quarry Investigations ...... 160 G.1.2. Sand Deposit ...... 168 G.1.3. Borrow Areas for Soils ...... 170 G.1.4. Findings of Quarry Survey ...... 170 H. Appendix H Stakeholder Consultation 1 ...... 172 H.1. 24 Jan. 2018: 2:30 PM – Department of Highway (DOH) Bago Township Office ...... 172 H.2. 25 Jan. 2018: Stakeholder Consultation at Thanatpin ...... 174 H.3. 26 Jan. 2018: Stakeholder Consultation at Waw ...... 176

7 H.4. 26 Jan. 2018: Stakeholder Consultation at Kyaikto ...... 178 H.5. Photo Documentation of Government Consultation ...... 186 I. Appendix I Stakeholder Consultations 2 ...... 187 I.1. Records of Meeting No 1 GAD Meeting in Bago ...... 187 I.2. Records of Meeting No 2 GAD Meeting in Thanatpin ...... 191 I.3. Records of Meeting No 3 GAD Meeting in Waw ...... 195 I.4. Records of Meeting No 4 GAD Meeting in Kyaikto ...... 199 J. Appendix J Public Consultation SERIES 1 ...... 202 J.1. Meeting minutes of Public Consultation Meeting #1 ...... 202 J.2. Meeting minutes of Public Consultation Meeting #2 ...... 206 J.3. Meeting minutes of Public Consultation Meeting #3 ...... 211 J.4. Meeting minutes of Public Consultation Meeting #4 ...... 215 J.5. Meeting minutes of Public Consultation Meeting #5 ...... 218 J.6. Attendance Sheets for Series 1 Public Consultations ...... 221 K. Appendix K Public Consultation SERIES 2 ...... 276 K.1. Public Consultation schedule ...... 276 K.2. Participant lists (PADECO consultant team) ...... 276 K.3. Participant lists (Staffs of Department of Highways, Ministry of Construction) ...... 276 K.4. Public consultation program ...... 277 K.5. Introduction of the project by the consultant team ...... 277 K.6. Discussion Sessions ...... 283 K.7. Attendance Sheets for Series 2 Public Consultations ...... 286 L. APPENDIX L Semi Annual Environmental Monitoring Report Template ...... 287 M. References ...... 290

8 A. Appendix A Sensitive Locations from Drone Survey

Sensitive locations within the 500m COI have been identified by Drone and subsequently Ground Truthed. These are shown in the following Drone photos.

Source: The Consultants & Suntac Technologies, 2018

Figure A-1 Temporary dwellings, food and shops, near start point to be avoided during construction

Figure A-2 Farm buildings to be avoided during construction

Figure A-3 Hotel buildings to be avoided during construction

Figure A-4 Fish ponds to be avoided

Figure A-5 Fish ponds to be avoided

Figure A-6 Graves 10.5 metres outside the ROW

Figure A-7 Stupa 50 m outside the ROW

Figure A-8 Residential properties at 130m from edge of ROW

Figure A-9 Residential dwellings at 185m from ROW

Figure A-10 Prison Farm

Figure A-11 Kathar Ancient city 4kms from road alignment

Figure A-12 Golden Rock 16.7kms from alignment

Figure A-13 New buildings 69 m and 164 m from alignment

20 B. Appendix B Imagery from Google Earth

GoogleEarth Imagery is shown below.

Plate 1 - Km 00 Fishponds

Plate 2 - 11km - 12 Fishponds

Plate 3 - Km 12 Fishponds

Plate 4 - Graves 14+500

Plate 5 - Graves

Plate 6 - Km 25 pagoda

Plate 7 - Stupa 3 25+300

Plate 8 - Stupa 1

Plate 9 - Stupa in Background

Plate 10 - 52+900 to 55+600 Prison Farm

Plate 11 - Km 55 Prison

Plate 12 - Pipelines Chainage 58+000

Plate 13 - Pipelines Chainage 64+000

Plate 14 - Pipelines Chainage 73+000

C. Appendix C Baseline Data Collection

C.1. Ambient Air Quality The emission of dust particles and gases was measured for 24 hours continuously at the selected sites using the Environmental Parameter Air Station (EPAS) and results were compared with National Environmental Quality (NEQ Emission) Guidelines. EPAS provides direct readings in real time with data-logging capabilities. Air quality is composed of dust and gas emissions of the ambient air as shown below. Table C-1 Ambient Air Quality Ambient Air Quality (12 locations) Gas Emission CO, CO2, SO2, NO2 Dust Emission PM10 & PM 2.5 Source: The Consultants, 2018

C.2. Ambient Noise Noise level LAeq (dBA) was measured at the selected locations that are typical of the noise exposure of the nearest local community and at sensitive locations. Duration and frequency were measured for 24 hours continuously at the selected site using the Noise Meter. The monitoring procedures, data analysis and interpretation were carried out in accordance with the instrument’s manufacturer and National Environmental Quality (Emission) Guidelines, World Health Organization (WHO) and International Finance Corporation (IFC) guidelines in order to be in line with Environmental Conservation Department, Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment Conservation (MONREC). The "National Environmental Quality (Emission) Guidelines" for Myanmar present the value of a noise level as LAeq (dBA). Table C-2 Noise level monitoring Noise monitoring (12 locations) Noise Emission LAeq (dBA) (1hrs, 24 hrs.)

Source: The Consultants, 2018

Equipments used to measure ambient air and noise measurement are shown below in table D-7. Table C-3 Equipment used to measure ambient air and noise measurement Davis Vantage Pro2 Wireless Weather Station

Provides detailed current weather conditions and expanded forecasts. The Vantage Pro2 uses a frequency-hopping spread spectrum radio from 902 MHz to 928 MHz to transmit and receive data up to 1,000’ (300m) line of sight. In addition, the weather station features a bubble level, improved anemometer base, redesigned wind cups, and factory- calibrated wind direction. The integrated sensor suite combines temperature and humidity sensors, rain collector with an aluminum-plated tipping bucket, and anemometer into one package for easy setup. Measure inside and

28 outside temperature and humidity, heat index, barometric pressure, dew point, rainfall, wind direction and speed, and wind chill.

Haz-Scanner EPAS PM10, PM 2.5, NO2, SO2, CO, CO2, Temperature, and Relative Humidity

Digital Sound Level Meter Noise and Vibration

Source: E Guard Environmental Services 2018 C.3. Water Quality Water Samples were collected on site with appropriate sampling equipment and procedures. Physical parameters such as pH, electrical conductivity, turbidity, salinity, dissolved oxygen, Temperature of surface and ground water were measured on site by portable multi parameter water quality meter. The sampling team pre-arranged with the labs in Yangon for analysis and logistic arrangement made to ensure the preserved samples with unique identifications reached the designated labs within 48 hours. Up to this date, there is no laboratory having accredited certification for water quality testing in Myanmar. The following laboratories were used for analysis of water quality parameters as shown in table D-8: • ISO Lab, No-18, Lanthit Road, Insein Township, Yangon. Tel; 01 540 955, 732251575 • Occupational and Environmental Health Laboratory, No. (250), Lower Kyeemyindine Road, Ahlone Township, Yangon, Myanmar. Tel: 01 221387 Table C-4 Environmental Quality Parameters Ground Water Parameter (1 location) Physical Parameter Turbidity, TSS Chemical Parameter BOD, COD, pH, EC, DO, Salinity Nutrients Nitrate, Phosphate Metals As, Pb, Hg Compounds Oils & grease Biological Fecal Coliform and/or Total Coliform Source: The Consultants, 2018

On-site water quality measurements and water sampling used the following equipment as shown in table D-9.

29 Table C-5 Equipment for water sampling HORIBA U-50, Multiparameter Water Quality Meter Multiple sensors allow for the measurement of 11 parameters simultaneously. (pH, pH(mv), ORP, DO, Salinity, TDS, Seawater Specific Gravity, Temperature, Turbidity, Water depth) Patented auto-calibration features provide hassle free calibration of pH, dissolved oxygen, conductivity and turbidity. Ultra-sensitive Turbidity Sensors (Models U-50) Precision has been improved over conventional instruments. Improved stability of the dissolved oxygen sensor has been achieved with a new 3 electrode design for fast response and polarographic sensor for ease of maintenance. pH and ORP electrodes can be replaced individually to reduce replacement costs.

Wildco Water Sampling Field Kit For obtaining samples of water and plankton organisms, determining water transparency index, and measuring water depth to 20m. Includes one 1- liter horizontal style clear acrylic water bottle, thermometer (-40°C to +120°C in 1° graduations), 153µ mesh plankton net, standard secchi disc with black and white quadrants, and one 20m nylon line (can be marked with indelible ink).

Water Mark Horizontal Polycarbonate Water Bottle Specifically designed for thin-layer stratification and near bottom studies. Collects water samples at any depth. Constructed from clear polycarbonate, polyethylene and silicone, this bottle is EPA approved for “ultra- clean” analysis of water, including trace metals and organics. Proactive Environmental Products Tornado Sampling Pump Ideal for continuous sampling or purging of groundwater wells, this pump can fit into a 2” dia. or larger well. The computer-engineered bottom debris screen separates debris from water and helps prevent damage to the pump motor. Capable of pumping up to 100’ from ground level. Flow rate at maximum depth: 0.25 gpm. Power consumption: 210 watts (maximum). Maximum amp output: 14 amps. Dimensions: 27”L x 1.82” dia. Source: E Guard Environmental Services, 2018

30 C.4. Soil Quality Soil samples were collected on site with appropriate sampling equipment and procedures. The sampling team pre-arranged with the labs in Yangon for prompt analysis of the preserved samples. Up to this date, there is no laboratory having accredited certification for soil quality testing (environmental analysis) in Myanmar. West Yangon University (WYU) has been upgraded recently with sophisticated analyzers and equipment for environmental parameter analysis. The laboratory of Agricultural Department or WYU was used for sediment quality analysis. The following laboratories were used for analysis of soil parameters. • WYU Lab, Department of Chemistry, West Yangon University. Tel; 09 5100559 • DAR Lab, Department of Agricultural Research, Yezin, Nay Pyi Taw. Tel; 09 420700616 • Land Use, Department of Agriculture, Yangon Tel; 09 448544273 Table C-6 Soil Parameters Soil (12 locations) Soil Parameter Mercury (Hg), Lead (Pb), Arsenic (As), Nitrate, Phosphate

Source: The Consultants, 2018

On-site water quality measurements, water, soil and sediment sampling were conducted using the following equipment as shown in table D-11.

Table C-7 Equipment for soil sampling Soil Sampler (One Piece Auger) Augers are used for sampling to depths of 8'. These soil augers use snap pins to lock the cross handle, two concentric extendable extension pieces, and the bucket auger together. It is designed for easy transport and storage. Telescoping augers are just 5' 4" long and weigh between 5 to 8 lbs.

31 Energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectrometers (EDX 8000) Energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectrometers detect fluorescent X-rays discharged by irradiating a sample with X-rays, thereby allowing the qualitative and quantitative analysis of elements included within the sample. The EDX-7000/8000 systems’ new state-of-the- art semiconductor (SDD) detector offers a high fluorescent X-ray count per unit time. They are used in a wide range of industries and settings, for everything from ensuring compatibility to environmental regulations such as the EU's RoHS Directive to materials analysis for research purposes. EDX-7000/8000 Energy Dispersive X-ray Fluorescence Spectrometers Features: EDX-7000 measurement range: 11Na to 92U. EDX-8000 measurement range: 6C to 92U. Functional Design − Large Sample Chamber with Small Footprint (accommodates 210 mm x 297 mm x approx. 100 mmH, with little to no sample pretreatment.) High Sensitivity − Lower Limit of Detection Improved 1.5 to 5 Times. High Speed − Throughput Increased by up to a Factor of 10. No Liquid Nitrogen Required.

The EDX-8000 features an SDD detector with a special ultra-thin-film window material that is able to detect ultra- light elements such as carbon (C), oxygen (O), and fluorine (F). Automatic collimator switching in four stages: 1, 3, 5, and 10 mm diameter. Sample observation camera included standard. Incorporate five primary filters as standard (six, including the open position), which can be automatically changed using the software. The collimators and primary filters are driven independently and can be combined to address specific requirements.

32 UV-VIS Spectrophotometer, JANWAY 6305 The 6305 spectrophotometer is suited to a wide range of applications in education, quality control, environmental and clinical analysis. This model is a UV/visible spectrophotometer covering a wavelength range from 198nm to 1000nm, with measurement modes for absorbance, % transmittance and concentration. It has full interfacing capability for Analogue output and serial (RS232) interfacing. The optical system is independently housed and isolated with lenses to give maximum protection from environmental contamination. Combined with a mechanically rigid structure, this model provides a system with fast warm-up, low drift and high reliability. Source: E Guard Environmental Services, 2018

C.5. Sampling Locations The rational for selecting these sampling points was based on equidistant spacing along the alignment, crossing of water courses, proximity to potential noise sources and places where air pollution may be elevated. Air quality was monitored at the 12 selected locations that start at National Highway-1 (ET # 01), Bago River (ET # 02), Bago to Thanlyin Road ( ET # 03), Bago-Sittaung Canal (ET # 06), Farm land (ET # 08), Canal at Km 37 (ET # 09), Km 49 River Crosses Trib (ET # 11), Sittaung River Mon State (ET # 12), Ka Lun Chaung Km 56 (ET # 13), Sein Ka Inn Lake Km 59 (ET # 14), National Highway-8 Crossing Km 63 (ET # 15) and Ending on National Highway-8 ( ET # 17).

Some air quality monitoring locations were located on farmland so these were changed to locations near the village. Ground and surface water quality sampling locations are near air quality monitoring point of close to a functioning well or hand pump, canal, stream and river. Soil sampling locations were selected at the same locations as ground water quality sampling. The irregular numbering of the sampling points is due to there being originally 17 points but this was reduced to 12.

Source: The Consultant, Figure2018 C-1 Location of Air Monitoring Points

Source: The Consultant, 2018 Figure C-2 Water Quality Sampling Locations

Source: The Consultant, 2018 Figure C-3 Soil Quality Sampling Locations Table C-8 Location of sampling points Locations No. Points Coordinate Locations Ambient Air Quality and Noise Monitoring Locations Lat- 17°14'58.977"N, 1. ET # 1 Start at NH-1 Long- 96°28'00.551"E Lat- 17°16'12.12"N, 2. ET # 2 Bago River ( Auksidie Village) Long- 96°29'49.30"E Lat- 17°18'27.285"N, 3. ET # 3 Bago to Thanlyin Road Long- 96°33'11.217"E Lat- 17°22'24.143"N, 4. ET # 6 Bago-Sittaung Canal Long- 96°38'18.203"E Lat- 17°23'24.266"N, 5. ET # 8 Farm land Long- 96°43'39.987"E Lat- 17°23'34.483"N, 6. ET # 9 Canal at Km 37 Long- 96°46'39.179"E Lat- 17°24'39.275"N, 7 ET # 11 Km 49 River Crosses Trib Long- 96°51'27.955"E Lat- 17°24'13.704"N, 8 ET # 12 Long- Sittaung River Mon State 96°53'39.48.003"E Lat- 17°23'41.864"N, 9 ET # 13 Ka Lun Chaung Km 56 Long- 96°55'49.622"E Lat- 17°21'13.405"N, 10 ET # 14 Sein Ka Inn Lake Km 59 Long- 97°00'23.428"E Lat- 17°21'24.425"N, 11 ET # 15 NH-8 Crossing Km 63 Long- 96°59'30.612"E Lat- 17°18'31.940"N, 12 ET # 17 Ending on NH-8 Long- 97°03'29.537"E Surface Water Quality Monitoring Locations Lat- 17°14'58.352"N, 1. ET # 1 Start at NH-1 Long- 96°28'01.540"E Lat- 17°16'06.22"N, 2. ET # 2 Bago River ( Auksidie Village) Long- 96°29´41.26"E

35 Locations No. Points Coordinate Locations Lat- 17°18'19.17"N, 3. ET # 3 Bago to Thanlyin Road Long- 96°33'19.29"E Lat- 17°20'52.716N, 4 ET # 6 Bago-Sittaung Canal Long- 96°38'08.754"E Lat- 17°23'27.64"N, 5 ET # 8 Farm land Long- 96°43'17.04"E Lat- 17°23'34.497"N, 6 ET # 9 Canal at Km 37 Long- 96°46'39.014"E

Lat- 17°24'54.32"N, 7 ET # 11 Km 49 River Crosses Trib Long- 96°51'39.07"E

Lat- 17°24'13.05"N, 8 ET # 12 Sittaung River Mon State Long- 96°53'45.05"E Lat- 17°23'37.999"N, 9 ET # 13 Ka Lun Chaung Km 56 Long- 96°55'54.318"E Lat- 17°20'25.491"N, 10 ET # 14 Sein Ka Inn Lake Km 59 Long- 97°00'29.993"E Lat- 17°21'22.922"N, 11 ET # 15 NH-8 Crossing Km 63 Long- 96°59'28.826"E Lat- 17°18'28.218"N, 12 ET # 17 Ending on NH-8 Long- 97°03'27.999"E Ground Water Quality Monitoring Locations Lat- 17°15'05.315"N, 1. ET # 1 Start at NH-1 Long- 96°28'04.396"E Lat- 17°16'01.716"N, 2. ET # 2 Bago River ( Auksidie Village) Long- 96°29'47.778"E Lat- 17°18'57.188"N, 3 ET # 3 Bago to Thanlyin Road Long- 96°32´32.737"E Lat- 17°22'24.143"N, 4 ET # 6 Bago-Sittaung Canal Long- 96°38'18.203"E Lat- 17°23'29.20"N, 5 ET # 8 Farm land Long- 96°43'45.52"E Lat- 17°23'34.857"N, 6 ET # 9 Canal at Km 37 Long- 96°46'40.415"E Lat- 17°24'39.838"N, 7 ET # 11 Km 49 River Crosses Trib Long- 96°50'53.595"E Lat- 17°24'16.700"N, 8 ET # 12 Sittaung River Mon State Long- 96°53'45.888"E Lat- 17°23'42.304"N, 9 ET # 13 Ka Lun Chaung Km 56 Long- 96°55'49.512"E Lat- 17°21'12.265"N, 10 ET # 14 Sein Ka Inn Lake Km 59 Long- 97°00'23.950"E Lat- 17°21'22.805"N, 11 ET # 15 NH-8 Crossing Km 63 Long- 96°59'31.683"E Lat- 17°18'34.082"N, 12 ET # 17 Ending on NH-8 Long- 97°03'28.603"E Soil Quality Sampling Locations Lat- 17°15'05.215"N, 1. ET # 1 Start at NH-1 Long- 96°28'04.296"E Lat- 17°16'01.616"N, 2. ET # 2 Bago River ( Auksidie Village) Long- 96°29'47.668"E Lat- 17°18'56.57"N, 3 ET # 3 Bago to Thanlyin Road Long- 96°32'32.30"E Lat- 17°22'24.93"N, 4 ET # 6 Bago-Sittaung Canal Long- 96°38'18.103"E

36 Locations No. Points Coordinate Locations Lat- 17°23'29.10"N, 5 ET # 8 Farm land Long- 96°43'45.42"E Lat- 17°23'34.700"N, 6 ET # 9 Canal at Km 37 Long- 96°46'40.300"E Lat- 17°24'39.700"N, 7 ET # 11 Km 49 River Crosses Trib Long- 96°50'53.400"E Lat- 17°24'16.130"N, 8 ET # 12 Long- Sittaung River Mon State 96°53'45.47.960"E Lat- 17°23'42.74"N, 9 ET # 13 Ka Lun Chaung Km 56 Long- 96°55'50.56"E Lat- 17°21'12.164"N, 10 ET # 14 Sein Ka Inn Lake Km 59 Long- 97°00'23.852"E Lat- 17°21'22.693"N, 11 ET # 15 NH-8 Crossing Km 63 Long- 96°59'31.603"E Lat- 17°18'32.02"N, 12 ET # 17 Ending on NH-8 Long- 97°03'28.94"E

Source: E-Guard Environmental Engineers

C.6. Field Photos for Air and Noise Measurement

Air Monitoring Point at ET # 1 Lat- 17°14'58.977"N, Long- 96°28'00.551"E 26.6.2018 to 27.6.2018

Air Monitoring Point at ET # 2 Lat- 17°16'12.12"N, Long- 96°29'49.30"E 25.6.2018 to 26.6.2018

37 Air Monitoring Point at ET # 3 Lat- 17°18'27.285"N, Long- 96°33'11.217"E 24.6.2018 to 25.6.2018

Air Monitoring Point at ET # 6 Lat- 17°22'24.143"N, Long- 96°38'18.203"E 23.6.2018 to 24.6.2018

Air Monitoring Point at ET # 8 Lat- 17°23'24.266"N, Long- 96°43'39.987"E 21.6.2018 to 22.6.2018

38 Air Monitoring Point at ET # 9 Lat- 17°23'34.483"N, Long- 96°46'39.179"E 20.6.2018 to 21.6.2018

Air Monitoring Point at ET # 11 Lat- 17°24'39.275"N, Long- 96°51'27.955"E 28.6.2018 to 19.6.2018

Air Monitoring Point at ET # 12 Lat- 17°24'13.704"N, Long- 96°53'39.48.003"E 17.6.2018 to 18.6.2018

39 Air Monitoring Point at ET # 13 Lat- 17°23'41.864"N, Long- 96°55'49.622"E 16.6.2018 to 17.6.2018

Air Monitoring Point at ET # 14 Lat- 17°21'13.405"N, Long- 97°00'23.428"E 15.6.2018 to 16.6.2018

Air Monitoring Point at ET # 15 Lat- 17°21'24.425"N, Long- 96°59'30.612"E 13.6.2018 to 14.6.2018

40 Air Monitoring Point at ET # 17 Lat- 17°18'31.940"N, Long- 97°03'29.537"E 12.6.2018 to 13.6.2018

Source: E-Guard Environmental Engineers

C.7. Field Photos for water sampling

Ground water Sampling at ET # 1 Lat- 17°15'05.315"N, Long- 96°28'04.396"E 20.6.2018

Ground water Sampling at ET # 2 Lat- 17°16'01.716"N, Long- 96°29'47.778"E 19.6.2018

41 Ground water Sampling at ET # 3 Lat- 17°18'57.188"N, Long- 96°32´32.737"E 19.6.2018

Ground water Sampling at ET # 6 Lat- 17°22'24.143"N, Long- 96°38'18.203"E 18.6.2018

Ground water Sampling at ET # 8 Lat- 17°22'24.143"N, Long- 96°38'18.203"E 17.6.2018

42 Ground water Sampling at ET # 9 Lat- 17°23'34.857"N, Long- 96°46'40.415"E 18.6.2017

Ground water Sampling at ET # 11 Lat- 17°24'39.838"N, Long- 96°50'53.595"E 14.6.2018

Ground water Sampling at ET # 12 Lat- 17°24'16.700"N, Long- 96°53'45.888"E 14.6.2018

43 Ground water Sampling at ET # 13 Lat- 17°23'42.304"N, Long- 96°55'49.512"E 17.6.2018

Ground water Sampling at ET # 14 Lat- 17°21'12.265"N, Long- 97°00'23.950"E 14.6.2018

Ground water Sampling at ET # 15 Lat- 17°21'22.805"N, Long- 96°59'31.683"E 13.6.2018

44 Ground water Sampling at ET # 17 Lat- 17°18'34.082"N, Long- 97°03'28.603"E 13.6.2018

Surface water Sampling at ET # 1 Lat- 17°14'58.352"N, Long- 96°28'01.540"E 20.6.2018

Surface water Sampling at ET # 2 Lat- 17°16'06.22"N, Long- 96°29´41.26"E 19.6.2018

45 Surface water Sampling at ET # 3 Lat- 17°18'19.17"N, Long- 96°33'19.29"E 19.6.2018

Surface water Sampling at ET # 6 Lat- 17°20'52.716N, Long- 96°38'08.754"E 18.6.2018

Surface water Sampling at ET # 8 Lat- 17°23'27.64"N, Long- 96°43'17.04"E 17.6.2018

46 Surface water Sampling at ET # 9 Lat- 17°23'34.497"N, Long- 96°46'39.014" E18.6.2018

Surface water Sampling at ET # 11 Lat- 17°24'54.32"N, Long- 96°51'39.07"E 14.6.2018

Surface water Sampling at ET # 12 Lat- 17°24'13.05"N, Long- 96°53'45.05"E 14.6.2018

Surface water Sampling at ET # 13 Lat- 17°23'37.999"N, Long- 96°55'54.318"E 17.6.2018

Surface water Sampling at ET # 14 Lat- 17°20'25.491"N, Long- 97°00'29.993"E 14.6.2018

Surface water Sampling at ET # 15 Lat- 17°21'22.922"N, Long- 96°59'28.826"E 13.6.2018

Surface water Sampling at ET # 17 Lat- 17°18'28.218"N, Long- 97°03'27.999"E 13.6.2018

Source: E-Guard Environmental Engineers

48 C.8. Field Photos for Soil sampling

Soil Sampling at ET # 1 Lat- 17°15'05.215"N, Long- 96°28'04.296"E 20.6.2018

Soil Sampling at ET # 2 Lat- 17°16'01.616"N, Long- 96°29'47.668"E 19.6.2018

Soil Sampling at ET # 3 Lat- 17°18'56.57"N, Long- 96°32'32.30"E

19.6.2018

Soil Sampling at ET # 6 Lat- 17°22'24.93"N, Long- 96°38'18.103"E 18.6.2018

Soil Sampling at ET # 8 Lat- 17°23'29.10"N, Long- 96°43'45.42"E 17.6.2018

Soil Sampling at ET # 9 Lat- 17°23'34.700"N, Long- 96°46'40.300"E 18.6.2018

50 Soil Sampling at ET # 11 Lat- 17°24'39.700"N, Long- 96°50'53.400"E 14.6.2018

Soil Sampling at ET # 12 Lat- 17°24'16.130"N, Long- 96°53'45.47.960"E 14.6.2018

Soil Sampling at ET # 13 Lat- 17°23'42.74"N, Long- 96°55'50.56"E 17.6.2018

51 Soil Sampling at ET # 14 Lat- 17°21'12.164"N, Long- 97°00'23.852"E 14.6.2018

Soil Sampling at ET # 15 Lat- 17°21'22.693"N, Long- 96°59'31.603"E 13.6.2018

Soil Sampling at ET # 17 Lat- 17°18'32.02"N, Long- 97°03'28.94"E 13.6.2018

Source: E-Guard Environmental Engineers

52 D. Appendix D Baseline Results

D.1. Appendix Ambient Air Quality Monitoring Results

Source: E Guard Environmental Services, 2018

Detailed results with one-hour interval of pollutants are shown below. It should be noted that the air quality monitoring was conducted in the rainy season. Table D-1 Air pollutants emission results (ET # 1)

NO2 PM 10 PM 2.5 Date Time CO2 (ppm) CO (ppb) RH % SO2 (ppb) (ppb) (µg/m3) (µg/m3) 26.6.2018 19:00-19:59 123.57 0.00 39.87 21.55 2.37 92.70 1.00 26.6.2018 20:00-20:59 144.83 0.00 45.93 27.52 1.02 98.02 1.00 26.6.2018 21:00-21:59 145.95 3.93 60.50 17.58 2.68 91.32 1.00 26.6.2018 22:00-22:59 166.77 4.60 67.62 9.88 2.97 82.67 5.30 26.6.2018 23:00-23:59 126.22 7.50 78.87 13.12 4.35 79.10 1.00 27.6.2018 0:00-0:59 145.63 1.43 37.65 15.20 10.88 93.82 1.00 27.6.2018 1:00-1:59 161.70 0.13 17.13 14.90 5.72 94.08 1.00 27.6.2018 2:00-2:59 179.75 2.85 18.12 14.42 4.20 96.95 1.00 27.6.2018 3:00-3:59 200.27 0.00 12.42 8.38 2.58 98.33 1.00 27.6.2018 4:00-4:59 219.25 0.00 20.40 18.40 5.45 94.62 1.00 27.6.2018 5:00-5:59 233.07 0.00 20.50 34.95 15.90 91.42 1.00 27.6.2018 6:00-6:59 269.13 0.00 17.72 37.08 10.10 79.77 1.00 27.6.2018 7:00-7:59 330.62 0.00 17.58 20.50 9.82 80.37 1.00 27.6.2018 8:00-8:59 370.87 1.30 19.28 11.40 2.52 71.95 16.32 27.6.2018 9:00-9:59 413.87 0.17 14.42 27.45 4.70 70.52 1.00 27.6.2018 10:00-10:59 412.78 0.00 18.85 15.83 7.35 74.73 1.12 27.6.2018 11:00-11:59 363.63 8.35 15.90 8.17 4.10 74.32 1.00 27.6.2018 12:00-12:59 311.17 0.25 12.52 8.57 5.60 84.80 1.00 27.6.2018 13:00-13:59 354.98 0.00 17.97 30.95 7.98 65.97 1.00 27.6.2018 14:00-14:59 426.82 0.42 19.50 6.55 2.48 56.23 1.28 27.6.2018 15:00-15:59 467.38 12.42 19.55 20.97 6.87 49.63 1.00 27.6.2018 16:00-16:59 325.75 0.00 30.68 20.43 12.90 89.07 1.00 27.6.2018 17:00-17:59 236.98 7.58 13.88 24.07 12.20 73.50 1.00 27.6.2018 18:00-18:59 195.77 6.33 17.13 26.60 13.00 71.08 1.00 Average 263.10 2.39 27.25 18.94 6.57 81.46 1.83 1 hour Minimum 123.57 0.00 12.42 6.55 1.02 49.63 1.00 1 hour Maximum 467.38 12.42 78.87 37.08 15.90 98.33 16.32

Table D-2 Air pollutants emission results (ET # 2) CO2 CO NO2 PM 10 PM 2.5 SO2 Date Time RH % (ppm) (ppb) (ppb) (µg/m3) (µg/m3) (ppb) 25.6.2018 16:00-16:59 112.13 12.03 14.35 27.18 16.20 100.00 1.00 25.6.2018 17:00-17:59 122.55 46.37 16.33 9.88 5.32 99.43 1.00 25.6.2018 18:00-18:59 126.30 24.40 7.87 28.47 17.20 94.72 1.00 25.6.2018 19:00-19:59 163.82 0.00 23.37 11.20 4.55 95.32 1.00 25.6.2018 20:00-20:59 191.23 0.00 11.98 2.00 1.15 99.28 1.00 25.6.2018 21:00-21:59 253.07 0.00 17.32 10.82 3.33 99.77 1.00

53 CO2 CO NO2 PM 10 PM 2.5 SO2 Date Time RH % (ppm) (ppb) (ppb) (µg/m3) (µg/m3) (ppb) 25.6.2018 22:00-22:59 306.35 0.00 15.48 9.58 3.48 100.00 1.00 25.6.2018 23:00-23:59 330.33 0.00 12.32 5.78 2.43 100.00 1.00 26.6.2018 0:00-0:59 333.27 0.00 17.23 9.65 4.53 100.00 1.00 26.6.2018 1:00-1:59 300.60 0.00 16.62 4.07 1.65 100.00 1.00 26.6.2018 2:00-2:59 284.70 0.82 14.13 6.80 2.23 100.00 1.00 26.6.2018 3:00-3:59 274.57 0.00 20.20 4.62 1.82 100.00 1.00 26.6.2018 4:00-4:59 273.93 0.00 22.20 6.65 1.75 100.00 1.00 26.6.2018 5:00-5:59 241.85 0.27 38.55 7.20 2.90 100.00 1.00 26.6.2018 6:00-6:59 271.67 2.52 39.13 13.43 3.57 99.70 1.00 26.6.2018 7:00-7:59 294.52 30.57 36.50 16.95 2.98 48.33 1.00 26.6.2018 8:00-8:59 255.77 0.00 35.97 11.00 3.95 100.00 1.00 26.6.2018 9:00-9:59 250.33 0.00 36.00 2.88 1.03 100.00 1.00 26.6.2018 10:00-10:59 252.10 0.00 40.08 2.35 1.00 90.60 1.12 26.6.2018 11:00-11:59 302.07 4.50 42.10 2.55 1.17 81.87 1.00 26.6.2018 12:00-12:59 377.33 0.00 50.68 17.45 3.65 71.65 1.00 26.6.2018 13:00-13:59 436.30 9.00 60.27 3.78 3.05 69.67 1.00 26.6.2018 14:00-14:59 485.18 17.57 58.12 19.38 8.22 74.98 1.00 26.6.2018 15:00-15:59 362.97 0.00 49.48 3.05 1.45 96.67 1.00 Average 275.12 6.17 29.01 9.86 4.11 92.58 1.00 1 hour Minimum 112.13 0.00 7.87 2.00 1.00 48.33 1.00 1 hour Maximum 485.18 46.37 60.27 28.47 17.20 100.00 1.12

Table D-3 Air pollutants emission results (ET # 3)

CO NO2 PM 10 PM 2.5 SO2 Date Time CO2 (ppm) RH % (ppb) (ppb) (µg/m3) (µg/m3) (ppb) 24.6.2018 14:00-14:59 125.63 1.37 21.67 17.37 11.53 97.50 1.00 24.6.2018 15:00-15:59 124.60 1.28 77.92 22.90 16.12 96.62 1.00 24.6.2018 16:00-16:59 141.95 6.67 17.43 15.38 7.32 92.68 1.00 24.6.2018 17:00-17:59 175.25 0.80 9.30 33.80 21.80 88.92 1.08 24.6.2018 18:00-18:59 218.90 18.13 7.33 23.30 13.93 93.38 1.00 24.6.2018 19:00-19:59 284.73 28.17 20.17 21.88 13.85 98.07 1.00 24.6.2018 20:00-20:59 321.03 13.45 14.63 17.80 99.25 1.00 8.67 24.6.2018 21:00-21:59 332.23 0.75 24.48 15.70 5.10 99.85 1.00 24.6.2018 22:00-22:59 321.38 11.70 23.27 6.22 1.02 99.47 1.00 24.6.2018 23:00-23:59 289.72 2.10 21.57 5.68 1.00 100.00 1.00 25.6.2018 0:00-0:59 280.13 0.00 19.83 11.65 4.68 100.00 1.00 25.6.2018 1:00-1:59 273.78 0.00 14.65 7.88 1.00 100.00 1.00 25.6.2018 2:00-2:59 256.23 0.00 21.75 6.33 1.00 100.00 1.00 25.6.2018 3:00-3:59 255.30 0.00 27.53 23.10 1.00 100.00 1.00 25.6.2018 4:00-4:59 284.72 0.00 44.40 11.50 1.00 100.00 1.00 25.6.2018 5:00-5:59 273.73 0.00 43.50 2.50 1.00 100.00 1.00 25.6.2018 6:00-6:59 258.80 0.00 63.75 2.00 1.05 100.00 1.00 25.6.2018 7:00-7:59 242.38 2.22 55.12 6.95 1.00 98.00 1.00

54 25.6.2018 8:00-8:59 273.30 0.00 68.10 16.77 2.32 81.47 1.00 25.6.2018 9:00-9:59 401.40 2.93 67.47 13.53 1.00 65.00 1.00 25.6.2018 10:00-10:59 476.88 4.15 74.80 7.60 1.00 58.70 1.00 25.6.2018 11:00-11:59 459.45 0.00 75.08 12.47 7.65 65.73 1.00 25.6.2018 12:00-12:59 414.73 0.00 72.43 10.02 3.53 65.18 1.00 25.6.2018 13:00-13:59 374.73 18.25 74.83 18.72 5.00 53.25 1.00 Average 285.88 4.67 40.04 13.79 5.52 89.71 1.00 1 hour Minimum 124.60 0.00 7.33 2.00 1.00 53.25 1.00 1 hour Maximum 476.88 28.17 77.92 33.80 21.80 100.00 1.08

Table D-4 Air pollutants emission results (ET # 6) CO2 NO2 PM 10 PM 2.5 Date Time CO (ppb) RH % SO2 (ppb) (ppm) (ppb) (µg/m3) (µg/m3) 23.6.2018 11:00-11:59 363.78 29.07 55.53 19.37 14.72 5.17 1.00 23.6.2018 12:00-12:59 637.10 7.65 21.22 15.52 5.95 14.90 1.00 23.6.2018 13:00-13:59 622.63 0.00 32.58 22.35 15.52 12.52 1.00 23.6.2018 14:00-14:59 370.02 0.20 28.38 29.95 17.40 18.28 1.00 23.6.2018 15:00-15:59 368.30 0.33 14.80 10.38 5.27 18.42 1.00 23.6.2018 16:00-16:59 282.68 0.00 24.58 14.73 8.33 23.43 1.00 23.6.2018 17:00-17:59 171.80 0.00 39.07 11.32 5.65 27.12 1.00 23.6.2018 18:00-18:59 148.68 0.18 45.15 17.73 7.27 30.55 1.00 23.6.2018 19:00-19:59 129.72 1.50 31.15 24.60 17.62 31.57 1.00 23.6.2018 20:00-20:59 121.93 5.47 21.75 17.43 12.55 31.62 1.60 23.6.2018 21:00-21:59 120.13 8.03 22.15 12.90 1.67 30.40 1.00 23.6.2018 22:00-22:59 113.38 2.17 26.43 11.30 3.83 25.62 1.00 23.6.2018 23:00-23:59 130.82 23.10 22.47 13.55 1.00 25.20 1.00 24.6.2018 0:00-0:59 137.48 0.02 17.67 27.52 1.00 24.18 1.00 24.6.2018 1:00-1:59 143.67 2.58 23.70 15.27 1.22 24.28 1.00 24.6.2018 2:00-2:59 171.93 0.00 26.97 16.15 1.00 24.10 1.00 24.6.2018 3:00-3:59 172.32 0.00 23.52 20.60 1.35 26.75 1.00 24.6.2018 4:00-4:59 166.88 0.00 20.53 13.28 1.00 30.70 1.00 24.6.2018 5:00-5:59 192.80 0.93 21.80 6.28 1.00 36.57 1.00 24.6.2018 6:00-6:59 221.45 9.73 20.87 8.73 3.97 40.62 1.00 24.6.2018 7:00-7:59 242.30 0.00 23.92 9.48 4.05 44.20 1.00 24.6.2018 8:00-8:59 276.07 0.65 25.65 11.87 1.45 44.00 1.00 24.6.2018 9:00-9:59 312.32 1.18 23.48 7.28 1.00 25.85 1.00 24.6.2018 10:00-10:59 295.17 1.72 24.18 24.53 13.32 49.98 1.00 Average 246.39 3.94 26.56 15.92 6.13 27.75 1.03 1 hour Minimum 113.38 0.00 14.80 6.28 1.00 5.17 1.00 1 hour Maximum 637.10 29.07 55.53 29.95 17.62 49.98 1.60

Table D-5 Air pollutants emission results (ET # 8)

Date Time CO2 (ppm) CO (ppb) NO2 PM 10 PM 2.5 RH % SO2 (ppb) (ppb) (µg/m3) (µg/m3) 21.6.2018 15:00-15:59 351.77 1.78 22.82 12.22 5.83 47.73 1.00

55 21.6.2018 16:00-16:59 167.20 0.00 31.13 20.17 9.40 98.08 1.00 21.6.2018 17:00-17:59 141.45 0.00 26.63 14.28 7.28 99.40 1.42 21.6.2018 18:00-18:59 142.30 0.00 20.78 11.98 2.75 98.78 1.00 21.6.2018 19:00-19:59 132.43 0.00 24.02 14.40 1.00 92.35 1.00 21.6.2018 20:00-20:59 118.02 0.00 25.07 13.87 2.47 92.60 1.00 21.6.2018 21:00-21:59 107.25 0.00 27.05 15.33 5.03 94.32 1.00 21.6.2018 22:00-22:59 114.97 0.00 27.17 8.52 4.87 90.20 1.00 21.6.2018 23:00-23:59 112.48 0.00 23.07 10.05 2.93 93.37 1.18 22.6.2018 0:00-0:59 114.03 0.00 25.37 10.10 2.93 99.22 1.00 22.6.2018 1:00-1:59 151.40 0.05 27.68 14.80 7.45 99.35 1.00 22.6.2018 2:00-2:59 175.97 0.00 27.27 10.48 4.30 99.10 1.00 22.6.2018 3:00-3:59 199.65 2.85 24.90 9.63 3.45 99.98 3.25 22.6.2018 4:00-4:59 219.90 0.00 24.78 16.75 11.75 99.90 1.00 22.6.2018 5:00-5:59 205.73 0.00 29.72 14.20 9.78 99.78 1.00 22.6.2018 6:00-6:59 198.30 0.00 24.62 11.55 2.27 99.98 1.00 22.6.2018 7:00-7:59 221.35 0.00 27.52 14.05 8.70 95.27 1.00 22.6.2018 8:00-8:59 267.93 0.45 31.63 11.62 7.87 89.55 1.00

22.6.2018 9:00-9:59 315.70 0.00 24.10 13.35 6.85 91.35 1.00 22.6.2018 10:00-10:59 450.43 0.00 24.45 13.23 6.55 78.67 1.00 22.6.2018 11:00-11:59 516.88 0.00 23.60 14.87 8.90 63.73 1.17 22.6.2018 12:00-12:59 596.23 0.25 23.05 5.33 2.97 58.23 1.00 22.6.2018 13:00-13:59 720.73 0.00 34.12 10.47 2.38 52.52 1.00 22.6.2018 14:00-14:59 719.45 0.00 34.05 16.18 9.27 68.07 1.33 Average 269.23 0.22 26.44 12.81 5.71 87.56 1.14 1 hour Minimum 107.25 0.00 20.78 5.33 1.00 47.73 1.00 1 hour Maximum 720.73 2.85 34.12 20.17 11.75 99.98 3.25

Table D-6 Air pollutants emission results (ET # 9)

Date Time CO2 (ppm) CO (ppb) NO2 PM 10 PM 2.5 RH % SO2 (ppb) (ppb) (µg/m3) (µg/m3) 20.6.2018 9:00-9:59 115.42 0.00 60.35 24.03 18.87 43.73 1.00 20.6.2018 10:00-10:59 314.57 6.45 37.65 12.95 7.85 53.62 1.00 20.6.2018 11:00-11:59 490.65 0.00 35.42 17.45 11.67 52.68 1.00 20.6.2018 12:00-12:59 618.80 0.00 29.65 25.17 15.13 47.93 1.00 20.6.2018 13:00-13:59 583.23 0.00 24.83 31.62 25.32 58.47 1.00 20.6.2018 14:00-14:59 385.52 0.00 23.90 40.87 30.95 71.88 1.00 20.6.2018 15:00-15:59 253.50 0.00 21.30 25.57 19.33 58.05 1.00 20.6.2018 16:00-16:59 240.87 0.00 26.73 23.92 16.57 66.10 1.00 20.6.2018 17:00-17:59 353.58 0.00 18.90 24.77 18.10 81.77 1.03 20.6.2018 18:00-18:59 105.05 0.00 21.97 11.05 6.12 79.82 1.00 20.6.2018 19:00-19:59 103.93 0.00 21.00 13.42 7.33 76.38 1.00 20.6.2018 20:00-20:59 107.20 0.00 21.05 13.92 8.50 84.52 1.00 20.6.2018 21:00-21:59 110.98 0.00 20.43 10.00 5.75 81.40 1.00 20.6.2018 22:00-22:59 135.93 0.00 16.90 9.47 5.53 81.43 1.00 20.6.2018 23:00-23:59 164.83 0.00 24.50 15.48 7.40 81.52 1.00

56 Date Time CO2 (ppm) CO (ppb) NO2 PM 10 PM 2.5 RH % SO2 (ppb) (ppb) (µg/m3) (µg/m3) 21.6.2018 0:00-0:59 175.93 0.00 18.80 18.22 6.00 80.68 1.00 21.6.2018 1:00-1:59 182.78 0.30 12.88 14.30 6.72 85.08 1.00 21.6.2018 2:00-2:59 203.48 0.00 18.98 21.68 8.27 84.78 1.00 21.6.2018 3:00-3:59 221.00 0.00 24.38 13.95 9.23 82.17 1.00 21.6.2018 4:00-4:59 219.53 0.00 25.25 14.63 8.48 85.63 1.00 21.6.2018 5:00-5:59 229.97 0.00 16.47 16.18 15.05 80.55 1.00 21.6.2018 6:00-6:59 259.95 0.00 28.35 17.50 14.52 73.32 1.00 21.6.2018 7:00-7:59 318.70 0.00 30.18 19.87 6.47 63.68 1.00 21.6.2018 8:00-8:59 408.62 0.00 30.76 19.97 10.34 55.76 1.00 Average 262.67 0.28 25.44 19.00 12.06 71.29 1.00 1 hour Minimum 103.93 0.00 12.88 9.47 5.53 43.73 1.00 1 hour Maximum 618.80 6.45 60.35 40.87 30.95 85.63 1.03

Table D-7 Air pollutants emission results (ET # 11)

Date Time CO2 (ppm) CO (ppb) NO2 (ppb) PM 10 PM 2.5 RH % SO2 (ppb) (µg/m3) (µg/m3) 18.6.2018 21:00-21:59 168.07 0.00 19.52 38.67 29.88 71.38 2.08 18.6.2018 22:00-22:59 153.95 0.00 18.42 31.18 22.77 73.00 1.22 18.6.2018 23:00-23:59 162.47 0.00 32.35 29.18 20.97 83.22 1.00 19.6.2018 0:00-0:59 158.65 3.75 33.65 26.63 21.47 98.15 1.00 19.6.2018 1:00-1:59 150.05 0.00 46.87 38.57 29.97 98.25 1.00 19.6.2018 2:00-2:59 153.18 0.00 50.38 30.30 21.73 99.80 1.00 19.6.2018 3:00-3:59 179.33 0.00 48.02 22.08 11.88 100.00 1.00 19.6.2018 4:00-4:59 198.97 0.00 54.40 29.27 23.58 99.70 1.00 19.6.2018 5:00-5:59 214.88 2.53 56.23 24.92 21.82 99.57 1.00 19.6.2018 6:00-6:59 217.52 0.00 64.57 27.92 20.57 78.47 1.05 19.6.2018 7:00-7:59 242.05 0.00 69.07 28.02 19.33 63.23 1.00 19.6.2018 8:00-8:59 273.70 0.00 80.03 21.43 14.27 61.20 2.33 19.6.2018 9:00-9:59 297.55 2.53 90.82 33.22 23.57 58.58 1.30 19.6.2018 10:00-10:59 334.40 0.00 70.97 27.87 19.80 72.73 1.00 19.6.2018 11:00-11:59 395.00 0.00 77.38 27.67 17.63 66.48 1.60 19.6.2018 12:00-12:59 409.58 0.00 115.23 16.33 9.07 46.92 1.00 19.6.2018 13:00-13:59 345.52 0.00 114.88 23.65 13.25 44.62 1.10 19.6.2018 14:00-14:59 370.92 0.00 91.17 26.22 16.68 62.35 1.00 19.6.2018 15:00-15:59 311.90 0.00 53.58 15.37 9.77 84.25 1.00 19.6.2018 16:00-16:59 259.20 0.00 53.87 32.12 16.52 78.03 1.00 19.6.2018 17:00-17:59 233.75 0.00 59.32 19.28 11.42 91.63 1.00 19.6.2018 18:00-18:59 179.98 1.95 55.08 26.22 18.78 97.90 1.00 19.6.2018 19:00-19:59 163.88 0.00 52.50 19.20 12.37 95.60 1.00 19.6.2018 20:00-20:59 175.12 0.00 34.75 18.10 11.42 91.62 1.00 Average 239.57 0.45 60.13 26.39 18.27 79.86 1.15 1 hour Minimum 150.05 0.00 18.42 15.37 9.07 44.62 1.00 1 hour Maximum 409.58 3.75 115.23 38.67 29.97 100.00 2.33

Table D-8 Air pollutants emission results (ET # 12)

Date Time CO2 (ppm) CO (ppb) NO2 (ppb) PM 10 PM 2.5 RH % SO2 (ppb) (µg/m3) (µg/m3) 17.6.2018 13:00-13:59 419.58 0.00 28.47 34.17 21.37 44.33 1.00 17.6.2018 14:00-14:59 494.50 0.00 12.00 39.08 28.85 41.88 1.00 17.6.2018 15:00-15:59 478.05 0.00 15.17 41.27 31.68 46.28 1.00 17.6.2018 16:00-16:59 423.60 0.00 8.18 45.38 28.50 45.78 1.00 17.6.2018 17:00-17:59 282.13 0.00 20.45 45.45 34.13 44.72 1.00 17.6.2018 18:00-18:59 116.60 0.00 14.73 30.87 17.75 100.00 1.00 17.6.2018 19:00-19:59 55.48 0.00 11.48 38.73 23.18 100.00 1.00 17.6.2018 20:00-20:59 38.72 0.00 22.47 33.25 21.02 100.00 1.00 17.6.2018 21:00-21:59 32.75 0.00 35.47 36.78 24.70 100.00 1.00 17.6.2018 22:00-22:59 13.73 0.00 114.88 46.02 36.85 100.00 1.00 17.6.2018 23:00-23:59 26.72 0.00 96.97 48.70 37.23 100.00 1.00 18.6.2018 0:00-0:59 61.83 0.00 94.32 46.92 36.32 100.00 1.00 18.6.2018 1:00-1:59 121.32 0.00 106.70 38.80 32.00 99.05 1.00 18.6.2018 2:00-2:59 183.00 0.00 112.43 39.12 30.52 100.00 1.00 18.6.2018 3:00-3:59 232.48 0.00 115.93 39.80 32.30 100.00 1.00 18.6.2018 4:00-4:59 263.95 0.00 114.92 41.22 32.03 98.03 1.00 18.6.2018 5:00-5:59 281.65 0.00 38.52 40.88 29.42 96.72 1.00 18.6.2018 6:00-6:59 266.20 0.00 19.07 30.33 19.75 96.47 1.00 18.6.2018 7:00-7:59 281.22 0.00 20.75 27.05 19.52 86.27 1.00 18.6.2018 8:00-8:59 322.22 0.00 26.78 30.60 17.02 67.17 1.00 18.6.2018 9:00-9:59 439.07 0.00 37.43 29.70 15.87 57.23 1.15 18.6.2018 10:00-10:59 540.53 0.00 33.48 31.87 19.77 63.35 1.00 18.6.2018 11:00-11:59 535.23 0.00 26.95 29.32 21.80 58.08 1.00 18.6.2018 12:00-12:59 570.75 0.00 28.97 31.90 17.28 58.23 1.00 Average 270.05 0.00 48.19 37.38 26.20 79.32 1.01 1 hour Minimum 13.73 0.00 8.18 27.05 15.87 41.88 1.00 1 hour Maximum 570.75 0.00 115.93 48.70 37.23 100.00 1.15

Table D-9 Air pollutants emission results (ET # 13)

Date Time CO2 (ppm) CO (ppb) NO2 PM 10 PM 2.5 RH % SO2 (ppb) (ppb) (µg/m3) (µg/m3) 16.6.2018 11:00-11:59 325.08 0.00 55.95 27.65 20.23 42.35 1.00 16.6.2018 12:00-12:59 486.78 0.00 29.67 22.18 17.13 44.17 1.00 16.6.2018 13:00-13:59 507.42 0.00 4.72 17.00 11.00 44.60 1.00 16.6.2018 14:00-14:59 535.72 0.00 10.00 28.23 20.15 44.52 1.00 16.6.2018 15:00-15:59 432.88 0.00 4.52 26.92 16.22 41.73 1.00 16.6.2018 16:00-16:59 391.58 0.00 2.48 49.32 33.77 46.90 1.02 16.6.2018 17:00-17:59 303.90 0.00 8.35 38.53 29.47 48.90 3.48 16.6.2018 18:00-18:59 250.77 0.00 15.20 45.17 30.10 50.50 1.00 16.6.2018 19:00-19:59 219.42 0.00 21.25 35.92 11.03 51.65 1.00 16.6.2018 20:00-20:59 206.93 0.00 25.85 26.63 12.78 53.90 1.00 16.6.2018 21:00-21:59 190.40 0.00 23.05 27.25 17.68 62.85 1.00

58 Date Time CO2 (ppm) CO (ppb) NO2 PM 10 PM 2.5 RH % SO2 (ppb) (ppb) (µg/m3) (µg/m3) 16.6.2018 22:00-22:59 172.12 5.73 17.98 23.78 10.45 77.68 1.00 16.6.2018 23:00-23:59 190.17 0.00 20.92 17.48 11.92 65.42 1.00 17.6.2018 0:00-0:59 209.23 0.00 23.20 18.70 12.75 53.00 1.00 17.6.2018 1:00-1:59 230.58 0.00 24.73 20.33 14.08 56.43 1.00 17.6.2018 2:00-2:59 243.83 0.00 23.58 25.73 12.88 62.22 1.00 17.6.2018 3:00-3:59 250.20 8.55 25.27 24.05 16.00 66.03 1.00 17.6.2018 4:00-4:59 251.72 0.00 23.15 22.92 15.80 52.67 1.00 17.6.2018 5:00-5:59 270.93 0.00 26.85 41.02 29.17 53.68 1.00 17.6.2018 6:00-6:59 293.19 0.00 31.42 39.54 28.73 45.93 1.00 17.6.2018 7:00-7:59 307.43 0.00 26.62 41.47 32.38 42.88 1.00 17.6.2018 8:00-8:59 351.53 0.00 24.28 26.73 17.38 43.50 1.00 17.6.2018 9:00-9:59 378.20 0.00 28.93 26.65 17.83 39.63 1.00 17.6.2018 10:00-10:59 447.43 0.00 17.65 27.57 21.52 38.33 1.00 Average 310.31 0.60 21.48 29.20 19.19 51.23 1.10 1 hour Minimum 171.12 0.00 2.48 17.00 10.45 38.33 1.00 1 hour Maximum 535.72 8.55 55.95 49.32 33.77 77.68 3.48

Table D-10 Air pollutants emission results (ET # 14)

NO2 PM 10 PM 2.5 Date Time CO2 (ppm) CO (ppb) RH % SO2 (ppb) (ppb) (µg/m3) (µg/m3) 15.6.2018 9:00-9:59 130.12 0.00 59.82 2.00 1.00 89.17 1.00 15.6.2018 10:00-10:59 224.10 10.20 27.73 13.38 8.35 69.65 1.00 15.6.2018 11:00-11:59 290.02 0.23 9.62 12.42 5.90 44.25 1.00 15.6.2018 12:00-12:59 427.62 0.07 10.22 16.28 5.15 44.67 1.00 15.6.2018 13:00-13:59 394.83 0.00 16.55 25.92 19.73 46.10 1.20 15.6.2018 14:00-14:59 330.65 0.00 21.12 20.03 12.05 42.30 1.43 15.6.2018 15:00-15:59 384.37 0.00 6.13 23.67 18.22 38.27 1.05 15.6.2018 16:00-16:59 377.17 0.00 14.02 29.46 21.93 37.68 1.42 15.6.2018 17:00-17:59 285.63 0.00 12.40 56.17 50.17 47.18 1.65 15.6.2018 18:00-18:59 187.00 0.00 12.25 23.93 17.82 57.17 1.00 15.6.2018 19:00-19:59 113.85 0.00 13.75 48.13 39.32 79.62 1.00 15.6.2018 20:00-20:59 85.67 2.10 12.53 54.77 50.02 88.62 1.00 15.6.2018 21:00-21:59 86.68 0.60 19.57 40.98 34.55 85.68 1.00 15.6.2018 22:00-22:59 72.13 0.00 17.15 24.23 17.15 85.45 1.00 15.6.2018 23:00-23:59 113.53 0.00 21.77 22.42 17.20 85.50 1.00 16.6.2018 0:00-0:59 119.42 0.00 23.23 25.55 21.67 89.33 1.00 16.6.2018 1:00-1:59 151.63 0.00 19.35 25.10 21.05 92.42 1.00 16.6.2018 2:00-2:59 170.45 0.00 25.22 17.87 11.33 91.48 1.00 16.6.2018 3:00-3:59 194.57 0.00 25.50 18.17 10.88 89.00 1.05 16.6.2018 4:00-4:59 219.62 0.00 22.97 18.27 11.93 77.53 1.00 16.6.2018 5:00-5:59 240.18 0.00 32.65 14.93 9.22 61.00 1.00 16.6.2018 6:00-6:59 258.07 0.00 31.02 20.87 13.77 50.97 1.00 16.6.2018 7:00-7:59 289.08 0.00 33.05 25.82 18.18 69.88 1.00 16.6.2018 8:00-8:59 346.36 0.00 30.29 13.81 7.40 49.26 1.00

59 NO2 PM 10 PM 2.5 Date Time CO2 (ppm) CO (ppb) RH % SO2 (ppb) (ppb) (µg/m3) (µg/m3) Average 228.86 0.55 21.58 24.76 18.50 67.17 1.08 1 hour Minimum 72.13 0.00 6.13 2.00 1.00 37.68 1.00 1 hour Maximum 427.62 10.20 59.82 56.17 50.17 92.42 1.65

Table D-11 Air pollutants emission results (ET # 15)

NO2 PM 10 PM 2.5 Date Time CO2 (ppm) CO (ppb) RH % SO2 (ppb) (ppb) (µg/m3) (µg/m3) 13.6.2018 15:00-15:59 222.02 0.00 66.07 15.82 11.28 82.73 1.00 13.6.2018 16:00-16:59 265.02 11.33 39.20 45.63 29.82 61.48 1.00 13.6.2018 17:00-17:59 178.32 0.00 16.58 28.12 17.22 100.00 1.00 13.6.2018 18:00-18:59 173.72 11.27 22.57 45.38 30.58 88.95 1.23 13.6.2018 19:00-19:59 156.12 9.37 21.12 11.27 3.40 74.12 1.00 13.6.2018 20:00-20:59 171.92 0.00 16.23 27.68 20.98 86.88 1.00 13.6.2018 21:00-21:59 152.92 0.00 27.22 33.23 25.22 89.33 1.00 13.6.2018 22:00-22:59 134.75 0.00 19.30 26.67 8.87 97.72 1.00 13.6.2018 23:00-23:59 139.72 1.65 9.42 30.67 13.75 75.75 1.00 14.6.2018 0:00-0:59 174.28 0.00 19.02 21.22 12.15 59.97 1.00 14.6.2018 1:00-1:59 229.88 3.43 18.47 7.23 4.57 71.50 1.00 14.6.2018 2:00-2:59 266.27 0.00 16.63 7.67 4.38 83.38 1.00 14.6.2018 3:00-3:59 272.30 2.43 12.87 12.18 10.27 85.03 1.00 14.6.2018 4:00-4:59 276.77 2.10 11.65 18.23 10.75 75.12 1.00 14.6.2018 5:00-5:59 293.57 2.25 14.55 26.02 17.02 63.08 1.00 14.6.2018 6:00-6:59 325.67 0.00 14.28 24.22 17.45 65.12 1.00 14.6.2018 7:00-7:59 339.97 0.00 14.02 38.17 25.37 68.10 1.00 14.6.2018 8:00-8:59 336.97 1.65 18.88 25.73 16.58 55.75 1.00 14.6.2018 9:00-9:59 330.65 0.00 19.20 26.88 20.67 72.33 1.00 14.6.2018 10:00-10:59 307.97 0.00 21.60 16.92 8.53 62.00 1.00 14.6.2018 11:00-11:59 407.55 0.00 19.40 17.33 5.33 55.88 1.00 14.6.2018 12:00-12:59 459.42 0.00 4.32 24.17 13.20 54.10 1.00 14.6.2018 13:00-13:59 438.17 0.00 2.00 11.72 4.53 44.75 1.00 14.6.2018 14:00-14:59 454.67 0.00 2.00 9.65 5.43 36.13 1.00 Average 271.19 1.90 18.61 22.99 14.06 71.22 1.01 1 hour Minimum 134.75 0.00 2.00 7.23 3.40 36.13 1.00 1 hour Maximum 459.42 11.33 66.07 45.63 30.58 100.00 1.23

Table D-12 Air pollutants emission results (ET # 17)

Date Time CO2 (ppm) CO (ppb) NO2 PM 10 PM 2.5 RH % SO2 (ppb) (ppb) (µg/m3) (µg/m3) 12.6.2018 10:00-10:59 169.28 0.00 43.83 41.95 41.15 63.38 1.00 12.6.2018 11:00-11:59 336.15 2.78 37.35 14.75 10.15 70.43 4.42 12.6.2018 12:00-12:59 502.78 1.10 33.57 14.12 11.02 71.00 1.00 12.6.2018 13:00-13:59 428.97 3.85 29.88 13.43 6.72 66.47 1.00 12.6.2018 14:00-14:59 268.98 0.00 10.98 5.23 1.57 96.55 1.90 12.6.2018 15:00-15:59 288.97 3.92 25.25 20.65 1.18 81.70 1.00 12.6.2018 16:00-16:59 343.00 0.02 28.28 21.18 6.75 79.80 1.00

60 Date Time CO2 (ppm) CO (ppb) NO2 PM 10 PM 2.5 RH % SO2 (ppb) (ppb) (µg/m3) (µg/m3) 12.6.2018 17:00-17:59 358.08 0.00 30.60 20.63 8.37 77.17 1.00 12.6.2018 18:00-18:59 301.05 0.00 23.35 16.30 9.42 78.08 1.00 12.6.2018 19:00-19:59 257.53 0.00 28.12 29.17 2.82 85.63 1.00 12.6.2018 20:00-20:59 213.75 0.00 24.57 49.95 14.53 84.47 1.35 12.6.2018 21:00-21:59 205.90 0.02 16.73 15.88 13.62 87.32 1.00 12.6.2018 22:00-22:59 209.13 16.90 21.07 9.92 7.87 96.52 1.12 12.6.2018 23:00-23:59 204.32 27.77 18.87 9.52 3.65 99.80 1.00 13.6.2018 0:00-0:59 199.48 0.22 14.17 10.65 9.30 98.40 1.00 13.6.2018 1:00-1:59 225.05 7.93 20.43 7.65 5.37 96.27 1.00 13.6.2018 2:00-2:59 233.03 0.50 19.07 8.30 1.82 94.42 1.00 13.6.2018 3:00-3:59 247.32 0.00 22.28 18.73 6.22 100.00 1.53 13.6.2018 4:00-4:59 245.83 8.70 21.33 22.48 10.23 100.00 1.05 13.6.2018 5:00-5:59 248.08 2.22 22.73 46.63 28.28 99.70 1.00 13.6.2018 6:00-6:59 262.85 7.70 20.23 18.82 10.32 99.67 1.00 13.6.2018 7:00-7:59 269.82 0.48 16.65 19.98 2.33 100.00 1.00 13.6.2018 8:00-8:59 290.90 0.00 27.83 19.63 1.60 98.08 1.00 13.6.2018 9:00-9:59 432.48 0.30 13.72 5.18 1.00 83.10 2.35 Average 280.95 3.52 23.79 19.20 8.97 87.83 1.28 1 hour Minimum 169.28 0.00 10.98 5.18 1.00 63.38 1.00 1 hour Maximum 502.78 27.77 43.83 49.95 41.15 100.00 4.42

Results and variation patterns for particulates are shown below.

Figure D-1 PM Monitoring Results at ET # 1

Figure D-2 PM Monitoring Results at ET # 2

Figure D-3 PM Monitoring Results at ET # 3

Figure D-4 Monitoring Results at ET # 6

Figure D-5 PM Monitoring Results at ET # 8

Figure D-6 PM Monitoring Results at ET # 9

Figure D-7 PM Monitoring Results at ET # 11

Figure D-8 PM Monitoring Results at ET # 12

Figure D-9 PM Monitoring Results at ET # 13

Figure D-10 PM Monitoring Results at ET # 14

Figure D-11 PM Monitoring Results at ET # 15

Figure D-12 PM Monitoring Results at ET # 17

Figure D-13 Fluctuation of Air Pollutants during daily cycle (ET#1)

Figure D-14 Fluctuation of Air Pollutants during daily cycle (ET#2)

Figure D-15 Fluctuation of Air Pollutants during daily cycle (ET#3)

Figure D-16 Fluctuation of Air Pollutants during daily cycle (ET#6)

Figure D-17 Fluctuation of Air Pollutants during daily cycle (ET#8)

Figure D-18 Fluctuation of Air Pollutants during daily cycle (ET#9)

Figure D-19 Fluctuation of Air Pollutants during daily cycle (ET#11)

Figure D-20 Fluctuation of Air Pollutants during daily cycle (ET#12)

Figure D-21 Fluctuation of Air Pollutants during daily cycle (ET#13)

Figure D-22 Fluctuation of Air Pollutants during daily cycle (ET#14)

Figure D-23 Fluctuation of Air Pollutants during daily cycle (ET#15)

Figure D-24 Fluctuation of Air Pollutants during daily cycle (ET#17)

69 D.2. Appendix Ambient Noise Monitoring Results

Table D-13 Observed Values of Noise Level Measurement at ET # 1 No. Date Time Observed Mean Weight Day/Night Average Value (Source)

1 27.6.2018 7:00:13-7:59:13 78.67 A Day

2 27.6.2018 8:00:13-8:59:13 77.02 A Day 77.62

3 27.6.2018 9:00:13-9:59:13 79.98 A Day 4 27.6.2018 10:00:13-10:59:13 77.13 A Day 5 27.6.2018 11:00:13-11:59:13 78.00 A Day

6 27.6.2018 12:00:13-12:59:13 75.29 A Day

7 27.6.2018 13:00:13-13:59:13 74.40 A Day 8 27.6.2018 14:00:13-14:59:13 77.41 A Day 9 27.6.2018 15:00:13-15:59:13 78.39 A Day 10 27.6.2018 16:00:13-16:59:13 83.89 A Day 11 27.6.2018 17:00:13-17:59:13 75.68 A Day 12 27.6.2018 18:00:13-18:59:13 77.64 A Day 13 26.6.2018 19:00:13-19:59:13 79.28 A Day 14 26.6.2018 20:00:13-20:59:13 75.18 A Day 15 26.6.2018 21:00:13-21:59:13 76.32 A Day 16 26.6.2018 22:00:13-22:59:13 74.81 A Night 74.07 17 26.6.2018 23:00:13-23:59:13 73.74 A Night

18 27.6.2018 0:00:13-0:59:13 67.92 A Night 19 27.6.2018 1:00:13-1:59:13 72.34 A Night 20 27.6.2018 2:00:13-2:59:13 76.82 A Night 21 27.6.2018 3:00:13-3:59:13 74.27 A Night 22 27.6.2018 4:00:13-4:59:13 73.32 A Night 23 27.6.2018 5:00:13-5:59:13 76.46 A Night 24 27.6.2018 6:00:13-6:59:13 76.98 A Night

Average 75.08

Observed Noise Value (dBA) 100.0 80.0 60.0 40.0 20.0 0.0 Noise Level (dBA) 7:00:13-7:59:13 8:00:13-8:59:13 9:00:13-9:59:13 0:00:13-0:59:13 1:00:13-1:59:13 2:00:13-2:59:13 3:00:13-3:59:13 4:00:13-4:59:13 5:00:13-5:59:13 6:00:13-6:59:13 10:00:13-10:59:13 11:00:13-11:59:13 12:00:13-12:59:13 13:00:13-13:59:13 14:00:13-14:59:13 15:00:13-15:59:13 16:00:13-16:59:13 17:00:13-17:59:13 18:00:13-18:59:13 19:00:13-19:59:13 20:00:13-20:59:13 21:00:13-21:59:13 22:00:13-22:59:13 23:00:13-23:59:13 Time

70 Figure D-25 Noise Level at ET # 1 Table D-14 Observed Values of Noise Level Measurement at ET # 2 No. Date Time Observed Mean Weight Day/Night Average Value (Source)

1 26.6.2018 7:00:13-7:59:13 73.97 A Day

2 26.6.2018 8:00:13-8:59:13 60.20 A Day 67.34

3 26.6.2018 9:00:13-9:59:13 56.92 A Day 4 26.6.2018 10:00:13-10:59:13 53.70 A Day 5 26.6.2018 11:00:13-11:59:13 77.10 A Day

6 26.6.2018 12:00:13-12:59:13 73.09 A Day

7 26.6.2018 13:00:13-13:59:13 56.29 A Day 8 26.6.2018 14:00:13-14:59:13 77.06 A Day 9 26.6.2018 15:00:13-15:59:13 63.64 A Day 10 25.6.2018 16:00:13-16:59:13 76.80 A Day 11 25.6.2018 17:00:13-17:59:13 61.74 A Day 12 25.6.2018 18:00:13-18:59:13 68.94 A Day 13 25.6.2018 19:00:13-19:59:13 70.35 A Day 14 25.6.2018 20:00:13-20:59:13 65.77 A Day 15 25.6.2018 21:00:13-21:59:13 74.48 A Day 16 25.6.2018 22:00:13-22:59:13 78.51 A Night 73.45 17 25.6.2018 23:00:13-23:59:13 86.68 A Night

18 26.6.2018 0:00:13-0:59:13 80.25 A Night 19 26.6.2018 1:00:13-1:59:13 76.51 A Night 20 26.6.2018 2:00:13-2:59:13 65.71 A Night 21 26.6.2018 3:00:13-3:59:13 56.46 A Night 22 26.6.2018 4:00:13-4:59:13 55.40 A Night 23 26.6.2018 5:00:13-5:59:13 88.91 A Night 24 26.6.2018 6:00:13-6:59:13 72.60 A Night

Average 71.01

Observed Noise Value (dBA) 100.0 80.0 60.0 40.0 20.0

Noise Level (dBA) 0.0 7:00:13-7:59:13 8:00:13-8:59:13 9:00:13-9:59:13 0:00:13-0:59:13 1:00:13-1:59:13 2:00:13-2:59:13 3:00:13-3:59:13 4:00:13-4:59:13 5:00:13-5:59:13 6:00:13-6:59:13 10:00:13-10:59:13 11:00:13-11:59:13 12:00:13-12:59:13 13:00:13-13:59:13 14:00:13-14:59:13 15:00:13-15:59:13 16:00:13-16:59:13 17:00:13-17:59:13 18:00:13-18:59:13 19:00:13-19:59:13 20:00:13-20:59:13 21:00:13-21:59:13 22:00:13-22:59:13 23:00:13-23:59:13 Time

71 Figure D-26 Noise Level at ET # 2

Table D-15 Observed Values of Noise Level Measurement at ET # 3

Observed Mean No. Date Time Weight Day/Night Average Value (Source)

1 25.6.2018 7:00:13-7:59:13 70.97 A Day

2 25.6.2018 8:00:13-8:59:13 70.05 A Day

3 25.6.2018 9:00:13-9:59:13 71.57 A Day 4 25.6.2018 10:00:13-10:59:13 72.36 A Day

5 25.6.2018 11:00:13-11:59:13 73.22 A Day

6 25.6.2018 12:00:13-12:59:13 73.49 A Day

7 25.6.2018 13:00:13-13:59:13 68.37 A Day

8 24.6.2018 14:00:13-14:59:13 82.95 A Day 71.89 9 24.6.2018 15:00:13-15:59:13 79.88 A Day 10 24.6.2018 16:00:13-16:59:13 74.66 A Day 11 24.6.2018 17:00:13-17:59:13 70.51 A Day 12 24.6.2018 18:00:13-18:59:13 79.02 A Day 13 24.6.2018 19:00:13-19:59:13 72.25 A Day 14 24.6.2018 20:00:13-20:59:13 58.35 A Day 15 24.6.2018 21:00:13-21:59:13 60.67 A Day 16 24.6.2018 22:00:13-22:59:13 77.70 A Night 17 24.6.2018 23:00:13-23:59:13 78.66 A Night 18 25.6.2018 0:00:13-0:59:13 62.50 A Night 19 25.6.2018 1:00:13-1:59:13 69.68 A Night

20 25.6.2018 2:00:13-2:59:13 70.16 A Night 70.98 21 25.6.2018 3:00:13-3:59:13 64.92 A Night 22 25.6.2018 4:00:13-4:59:13 69.06 A Night 23 25.6.2018 5:00:13-5:59:13 72.90 A Night

24 25.6.2018 6:00:13-6:59:13 73.23 A Night

Average 71.52

Observed Noise Value (dBA) 100.0 80.0 60.0 40.0 20.0 0.0 Noise Level (dBA) 10:00:13-… 11:00:13-… 12:00:13-… 13:00:13-… 14:00:13-… 15:00:13-… 16:00:13-… 17:00:13-… 18:00:13-… 19:00:13-… 20:00:13-… 21:00:13-… 22:00:13-… 23:00:13-… 7:00:13-7:59:13 8:00:13-8:59:13 9:00:13-9:59:13 0:00:13-0:59:13 1:00:13-1:59:13 2:00:13-2:59:13 3:00:13-3:59:13 4:00:13-4:59:13 5:00:13-5:59:13 6:00:13-6:59:13 Time

Figure D-27 Noise Level at ET # 3

72 Table D-16 Observed Values of Noise Level Measurement at ET # 6

Observed Mean No. Date Time Weight Day/Night Average Value (Source)

1 24.6.2018 7:00:13-7:59:13 87.93 A Day

2 24.6.2018 8:00:13-8:59:13 77.54 A Day

3 24.6.2018 9:00:13-9:59:13 88.14 A Day 4 23.6.2018 10:00:13-10:59:13 64.34 A Day

5 23.6.2018 11:00:13-11:59:13 69.54 A Day

6 23.6.2018 12:00:13-12:59:13 65.68 A Day

7 23.6.2018 13:00:13-13:59:13 82.48 A Day 8 23.6.2018 14:00:13-14:59:13 70.36 A Day 75.19 9 23.6.2018 15:00:13-15:59:13 92.87 A Day 10 23.6.2018 16:00:13-16:59:13 79.55 A Day 11 23.6.2018 17:00:13-17:59:13 78.94 A Day 12 23.6.2018 18:00:13-18:59:13 74.80 A Day 13 23.6.2018 19:00:13-19:59:13 70.40 A Day 14 23.6.2018 20:00:13-20:59:13 61.35 A Day 15 23.6.2018 21:00:13-21:59:13 63.87 A Day 16 23.6.2018 22:00:13-22:59:13 60.89 A Night 17 23.6.2018 23:00:13-23:59:13 56.66 A Night 18 24.6.2018 0:00:13-0:59:13 67.57 A Night 19 24.6.2018 1:00:13-1:59:13 60.29 A Night

20 24.6.2018 2:00:13-2:59:13 56.47 A Night 64.16 21 24.6.2018 3:00:13-3:59:13 66.65 A Night 22 24.6.2018 4:00:13-4:59:13 66.24 A Night 23 24.6.2018 5:00:13-5:59:13 64.89 A Night

24 24.6.2018 6:00:13-6:59:13 77.82 A Night

Average 69.36

Observed Noise Value (dBA) 100.0 90.0 80.0 70.0 60.0 50.0 40.0 30.0 20.0 Noise Level (dBA) 10.0 0.0 7:00:13-7:59:13 8:00:13-8:59:13 9:00:13-9:59:13 0:00:13-0:59:13 1:00:13-1:59:13 2:00:13-2:59:13 3:00:13-3:59:13 4:00:13-4:59:13 5:00:13-5:59:13 6:00:13-6:59:13 10:00:13-10:59:13 11:00:13-11:59:13 12:00:13-12:59:13 13:00:13-13:59:13 14:00:13-14:59:13 15:00:13-15:59:13 16:00:13-16:59:13 17:00:13-17:59:13 18:00:13-18:59:13 19:00:13-19:59:13 20:00:13-20:59:13 21:00:13-21:59:13 22:00:13-22:59:13 23:00:13-23:59:13 Time

Figure D-28 Noise Level at ET # 6

73 Table D-17 Observed Values of Noise Level Measurement at ET # 8

Observed Mean No. Date Time Weight Day/Night Average Value (Source)

1 22.6.2018 7:00:13-7:59:13 61.95 A Day

2 22.6.2018 8:00:13-8:59:13 63.52 A Day

3 22.6.2018 9:00:13-9:59:13 70.64 A Day 4 22.6.2018 10:00:13-10:59:13 64.00 A Day

5 22.6.2018 11:00:13-11:59:13 57.79 A Day

6 22.6.2018 12:00:13-12:59:13 61.22 A Day

7 22.6.2018 13:00:13-13:59:13 61.01 A Day 8 21.6.2018 14:00:13-14:59:13 70.76 A Day 63.37 9 21.6.2018 15:00:13-15:59:13 74.40 A Day 10 21.6.2018 16:00:13-16:59:13 69.81 A Day 11 21.6.2018 17:00:13-17:59:13 62.67 A Day 12 21.6.2018 18:00:13-18:59:13 61.59 A Day 13 21.6.2018 19:00:13-19:59:13 57.88 A Day 14 21.6.2018 20:00:13-20:59:13 56.77 A Day 15 21.6.2018 21:00:13-21:59:13 56.49 A Day 16 21.6.2018 22:00:13-22:59:13 58.19 A Night 17 21.6.2018 23:00:13-23:59:13 57.96 A Night 18 22.6.2018 0:00:13-0:59:13 56.96 A Night 19 22.6.2018 1:00:13-1:59:13 56.86 A Night

20 22.6.2018 2:00:13-2:59:13 54.33 A Night 59.71 21 22.6.2018 3:00:13-3:59:13 57.82 A Night 22 22.6.2018 4:00:13-4:59:13 56.70 A Night 23 22.6.2018 5:00:13-5:59:13 67.85 A Night

24 22.6.2018 6:00:13-6:59:13 70.77 A Night

Average 61.58

Observed Noise Value (dBA) 80.0 70.0 60.0 50.0 40.0 30.0 20.0

Noise Level (dBA) 10.0 0.0 7:00:13-7:59:13 8:00:13-8:59:13 9:00:13-9:59:13 0:00:13-0:59:13 1:00:13-1:59:13 2:00:13-2:59:13 3:00:13-3:59:13 4:00:13-4:59:13 5:00:13-5:59:13 6:00:13-6:59:13 10:00:13-10:59:13 11:00:13-11:59:13 12:00:13-12:59:13 13:00:13-13:59:13 14:00:13-14:59:13 15:00:13-15:59:13 16:00:13-16:59:13 17:00:13-17:59:13 18:00:13-18:59:13 19:00:13-19:59:13 20:00:13-20:59:13 21:00:13-21:59:13 22:00:13-22:59:13 23:00:13-23:59:13 Time

Figure D-29 Noise Level at ET # 8

74 Table D-18 Observed Values of Noise Level Measurement at ET # 9

Observed Mean No. Date Time Weight Day/Night Average Value (Source)

1 21.6.2018 7:00:13-7:59:13 53.56 A Day

2 21.6.2018 8:00:13-8:59:13 52.14 A Day

3 20.6.2018 9:00:13-9:59:13 64.58 A Day 4 20.6.2018 10:00:13-10:59:13 59.56 A Day

5 20.6.2018 11:00:13-11:59:13 56.67 A Day

6 20.6.2018 12:00:13-12:59:13 58.10 A Day

7 20.6.2018 13:00:13-13:59:13 59.09 A Day 8 20.6.2018 14:00:13-14:59:13 59.86 A Day 58.93 9 20.6.2018 15:00:13-15:59:13 58.49 A Day 10 20.6.2018 16:00:13-16:59:13 68.76 A Day 11 20.6.2018 17:00:13-17:59:13 57.79 A Day 12 20.6.2018 18:00:13-18:59:13 56.54 A Day 13 20.6.2018 19:00:13-19:59:13 55.99 A Day 14 20.6.2018 20:00:13-20:59:13 60.26 A Day 15 20.6.2018 21:00:13-21:59:13 62.62 A Day 16 20.6.2018 22:00:13-22:59:13 61.57 A Night 17 20.6.2018 23:00:13-23:59:13 70.25 A Night 18 21.6.2018 0:00:13-0:59:13 68.72 A Night 19 21.6.2018 1:00:13-1:59:13 62.25 A Night

20 21.6.2018 2:00:13-2:59:13 61.71 A Night 62.22 21 21.6.2018 3:00:13-3:59:13 59.66 A Night 22 21.6.2018 4:00:13-4:59:13 56.62 A Night 23 21.6.2018 5:00:13-5:59:13 60.32 A Night

24 21.6.2018 6:00:13-6:59:13 58.88 A Night

Average 60.92

Observed Noise Value (dBA) 80.0 70.0 60.0 50.0 40.0 30.0 20.0

Figure D-30 Noise Level at ET # 9

75 Table D-19 Observed Values of Noise Level Measurement at ET # 11

Observed Mean No. Date Time Weight Day/Night Average Value (Source)

1 19.6.2018 7:00:13-7:59:13 70.91 A Day

2 19.6.2018 8:00:13-8:59:13 65.89 A Day

3 19.6.2018 9:00:13-9:59:13 54.35 A Day 4 19.6.2018 10:00:13-10:59:13 60.29 A Day

5 19.6.2018 11:00:13-11:59:13 66.70 A Day

6 19.6.2018 12:00:13-12:59:13 64.12 A Day

7 19.6.2018 13:00:13-13:59:13 57.70 A Day 8 19.6.2018 14:00:13-14:59:13 54.14 A Day 59.33 9 19.6.2018 15:00:13-15:59:13 67.87 A Day 10 19.6.2018 16:00:13-16:59:13 61.58 A Day 11 19.6.2018 17:00:13-17:59:13 53.23 A Day 12 19.6.2018 18:00:13-18:59:13 53.65 A Day 13 19.6.2018 19:00:13-19:59:13 46.50 A Day 14 19.6.2018 20:00:13-20:59:13 46.80 A Day 15 18.6.2018 21:00:13-21:59:13 66.27 A Day 16 18.6.2018 22:00:13-22:59:13 54.32 A Night 17 18.6.2018 23:00:13-23:59:13 46.00 A Night 18 19.6.2018 0:00:13-0:59:13 44.16 A Night 19 19.6.2018 1:00:13-1:59:13 69.74 A Night

20 19.6.2018 2:00:13-2:59:13 77.01 A Night 62.83 21 19.6.2018 3:00:13-3:59:13 69.12 A Night 22 19.6.2018 4:00:13-4:59:13 65.55 A Night 23 19.6.2018 5:00:13-5:59:13 68.21 A Night

24 19.6.2018 6:00:13-6:59:13 71.37 A Night

Average 59.86

Observed Noise Value (dBA) 90.0 80.0 70.0 60.0 50.0 40.0 30.0 20.0 10.0 0.0 Noise Level (dBA) 7:00:13-7:59:13 8:00:13-8:59:13 9:00:13-9:59:13 0:00:13-0:59:13 1:00:13-1:59:13 2:00:13-2:59:13 3:00:13-3:59:13 4:00:13-4:59:13 5:00:13-5:59:13 6:00:13-6:59:13 10:00:13-10:59:13 11:00:13-11:59:13 12:00:13-12:59:13 13:00:13-13:59:13 14:00:13-14:59:13 15:00:13-15:59:13 16:00:13-16:59:13 17:00:13-17:59:13 18:00:13-18:59:13 19:00:13-19:59:13 20:00:13-20:59:13 21:00:13-21:59:13 22:00:13-22:59:13 23:00:13-23:59:13 Time

Figure D-31 Noise Level at ET # 11

Table D-20 Observed Values of Noise Level Measurement at ET # 12

76 Observed Mean No. Date Time Weight Day/Night Average Value (Source)

1 18.6.2018 7:00:13-7:59:13 60.46 A Day

2 18.6.2018 8:00:13-8:59:13 57.12 A Day

3 18.6.2018 9:00:13-9:59:13 62.85 A Day 4 18.6.2018 10:00:13-10:59:13 63.14 A Day

5 18.6.2018 11:00:13-11:59:13 57.21 A Day

6 18.6.2018 12:00:13-12:59:13 57.19 A Day

7 17.6.2018 13:00:13-13:59:13 60.54 A Day 8 17.6.2018 14:00:13-14:59:13 48.89 A Day 60.76 9 17.6.2018 15:00:13-15:59:13 50.38 A Day 10 17.6.2018 16:00:13-16:59:13 53.48 A Day 11 17.6.2018 17:00:13-17:59:13 72.23 A Day 12 17.6.2018 18:00:13-18:59:13 70.37 A Day 13 17.6.2018 19:00:13-19:59:13 68.24 A Day 14 17.6.2018 20:00:13-20:59:13 65.94 A Day 15 17.6.2018 21:00:13-21:59:13 63.40 A Day 16 17.6.2018 22:00:13-22:59:13 58.09 A Night 17 17.6.2018 23:00:13-23:59:13 54.35 A Night 18 18.6.2018 0:00:13-0:59:13 53.34 A Night 19 18.6.2018 1:00:13-1:59:13 51.79 A Night

20 18.6.2018 2:00:13-2:59:13 50.80 A Night 54.89 21 18.6.2018 3:00:13-3:59:13 55.85 A Night 22 18.6.2018 4:00:13-4:59:13 53.28 A Night 23 18.6.2018 5:00:13-5:59:13 61.79 A Night

24 18.6.2018 6:00:13-6:59:13 54.70 A Night

Average 58.14

Observed Noise Value (dBA) 80.0 70.0 60.0 50.0 40.0 30.0 20.0

Figure D-32 Noise Level at ET # 12 Table D-21 Observed Values of Noise Level Measurement at ET # 13

77 Observed Mean No. Date Time Weight Day/Night Average Value (Source)

1 17.6.2018 7:00:13-7:59:13 56.88 A Day

2 17.6.2018 8:00:13-8:59:13 48.80 A Day

3 17.6.2018 9:00:13-9:59:13 55.57 A Day 4 17.6.2018 10:00:13-10:59:13 53.89 A Day

5 16.6.2018 11:00:13-11:59:13 66.97 A Day

6 16.6.2018 12:00:13-12:59:13 61.77 A Day

7 16.6.2018 13:00:13-13:59:13 58.92 A Day 8 16.6.2018 14:00:13-14:59:13 62.04 A Day 56.57 9 16.6.2018 15:00:13-15:59:13 54.30 A Day 10 16.6.2018 16:00:13-16:59:13 63.57 A Day 11 16.6.2018 17:00:13-17:59:13 52.09 A Day 12 16.6.2018 18:00:13-18:59:13 55.84 A Day 13 16.6.2018 19:00:13-19:59:13 56.40 A Day 14 16.6.2018 20:00:13-20:59:13 52.27 A Day 15 16.6.2018 21:00:13-21:59:13 49.15 A Day 16 16.6.2018 22:00:13-22:59:13 47.38 A Night 17 16.6.2018 23:00:13-23:59:13 43.09 A Night 18 17.6.2018 0:00:13-0:59:13 44.41 A Night 19 17.6.2018 1:00:13-1:59:13 43.43 A Night

20 17.6.2018 2:00:13-2:59:13 43.94 A Night 45.91 21 17.6.2018 3:00:13-3:59:13 45.52 A Night 22 17.6.2018 4:00:13-4:59:13 48.44 A Night 23 17.6.2018 5:00:13-5:59:13 46.65 A Night

24 17.6.2018 6:00:13-6:59:13 50.38 A Night

Average 51.56

Observed Noise Value (dBA) 80.0 70.0 60.0 50.0 40.0 30.0 20.0 10.0 0.0 Noise Level (dBA) 7:00:13-7:59:13 8:00:13-8:59:13 9:00:13-9:59:13 0:00:13-0:59:13 1:00:13-1:59:13 2:00:13-2:59:13 3:00:13-3:59:13 4:00:13-4:59:13 5:00:13-5:59:13 6:00:13-6:59:13 10:00:13-10:59:13 11:00:13-11:59:13 12:00:13-12:59:13 13:00:13-13:59:13 14:00:13-14:59:13 15:00:13-15:59:13 16:00:13-16:59:13 17:00:13-17:59:13 18:00:13-18:59:13 19:00:13-19:59:13 20:00:13-20:59:13 21:00:13-21:59:13 22:00:13-22:59:13 23:00:13-23:59:13 Time

Figure D-33 Noise Level at ET # 13

Table D-22 Observed Values of Noise Level Measurement at ET # 14

78 Observed Mean No. Date Time Weight Day/Night Average Value (Source)

1 16.6.2018 7:00:13-7:59:13 54.82 A Day

2 16.6.2018 8:00:13-8:59:13 61.49 A Day

3 15.6.2018 9:00:13-9:59:13 54.44 A Day 4 15.6.2018 10:00:13-10:59:13 62.91 A Day

5 15.6.2018 11:00:13-11:59:13 68.08 A Day

6 15.6.2018 12:00:13-12:59:13 68.67 A Day

7 15.6.2018 13:00:13-13:59:13 69.33 A Day 8 15.6.2018 14:00:13-14:59:13 52.74 A Day 59.61 9 15.6.2018 15:00:13-15:59:13 52.97 A Day 10 15.6.2018 16:00:13-16:59:13 53.79 A Day 11 15.6.2018 17:00:13-17:59:13 55.08 A Day 12 15.6.2018 18:00:13-18:59:13 58.95 A Day 13 15.6.2018 19:00:13-19:59:13 60.24 A Day 14 15.6.2018 20:00:13-20:59:13 61.22 A Day 15 15.6.2018 21:00:13-21:59:13 59.46 A Day 16 15.6.2018 22:00:13-22:59:13 57.26 A Night 17 15.6.2018 23:00:13-23:59:13 55.76 A Night 18 16.6.2018 0:00:13-0:59:13 52.48 A Night 19 16.6.2018 1:00:13-1:59:13 52.31 A Night

20 16.6.2018 2:00:13-2:59:13 51.04 A Night 57.50 21 16.6.2018 3:00:13-3:59:13 69.13 A Night 22 16.6.2018 4:00:13-4:59:13 68.18 A Night 23 16.6.2018 5:00:13-5:59:13 54.15 A Night

24 16.6.2018 6:00:13-6:59:13 57.19 A Night

Average 58.42

Observed Noise Value (dBA) 80.0 70.0 60.0 50.0 40.0 30.0 20.0

Figure D-34 Noise Level at ET # 14 Table D-23 Observed Values of Noise Level Measurement at ET # 15

79 Observed Mean No. Date Time Weight Day/Night Average Value (Source)

1 14.6.2018 7:00:13-7:59:13 74.30 A Day

2 14.6.2018 8:00:13-8:59:13 87.60 A Day

3 14.6.2018 9:00:13-9:59:13 73.64 A Day 4 14.6.2018 10:00:13-10:59:13 75.41 A Day

5 14.6.2018 11:00:13-11:59:13 76.97 A Day

6 14.6.2018 12:00:13-12:59:13 76.67 A Day

7 14.6.2018 13:00:13-13:59:13 77.83 A Day 8 13.6.2018 14:00:13-14:59:13 77.02 A Day 81.61 9 13.6.2018 15:00:13-15:59:13 77.71 A Day 10 13.6.2018 16:00:13-16:59:13 80.80 A Day 11 13.6.2018 17:00:13-17:59:13 72.92 A Day 12 13.6.2018 18:00:13-18:59:13 97.87 A Day 13 13.6.2018 19:00:13-19:59:13 97.88 A Day 14 13.6.2018 20:00:13-20:59:13 84.07 A Day 15 13.6.2018 21:00:13-21:59:13 93.46 A Day 16 13.6.2018 22:00:13-22:59:13 106.29 A Night 17 13.6.2018 23:00:13-23:59:13 72.09 A Night 18 14.6.2018 0:00:13-0:59:13 72.54 A Night 19 14.6.2018 1:00:13-1:59:13 73.23 A Night

20 14.6.2018 2:00:13-2:59:13 72.29 A Night 80.32 21 14.6.2018 3:00:13-3:59:13 75.41 A Night 22 14.6.2018 4:00:13-4:59:13 79.81 A Night 23 14.6.2018 5:00:13-5:59:13 78.55 A Night

24 14.6.2018 6:00:13-6:59:13 92.63 A Night

Average 82.06

Observed Noise Value (dBA) 120.0 100.0 80.0 60.0 40.0 20.0 0.0 Noise Level (dBA) 7:00:13-7:59:13 8:00:13-8:59:13 9:00:13-9:59:13 0:00:13-0:59:13 1:00:13-1:59:13 2:00:13-2:59:13 3:00:13-3:59:13 4:00:13-4:59:13 5:00:13-5:59:13 6:00:13-6:59:13 10:00:13-10:59:13 11:00:13-11:59:13 12:00:13-12:59:13 13:00:13-13:59:13 14:00:13-14:59:13 15:00:13-15:59:13 16:00:13-16:59:13 17:00:13-17:59:13 18:00:13-18:59:13 19:00:13-19:59:13 20:00:13-20:59:13 21:00:13-21:59:13 22:00:13-22:59:13 23:00:13-23:59:13 Time

Figure D-35 Noise Level at ET # 15

Table D-24 Observed Values of Noise Level Measurement at ET # 17

80 Observed Mean No. Date Time Weight Day/Night Average Value (Source)

1 13.6.2018 7:00:13-7:59:13 72.95 A Day

2 13.6.2018 8:00:13-8:59:13 78.44 A Day

3 13.6.2018 9:00:13-9:59:13 72.65 A Day 4 12.6.2018 10:00:13-10:59:13 83.53 A Day

5 12.6.2018 11:00:13-11:59:13 77.53 A Day

6 12.6.2018 12:00:13-12:59:13 84.74 A Day

7 12.6.2018 13:00:13-13:59:13 81.98 A Day 8 12.6.2018 14:00:13-14:59:13 77.33 A Day 75.94 9 12.6.2018 15:00:13-15:59:13 72.99 A Day 10 12.6.2018 16:00:13-16:59:13 72.08 A Day 11 12.6.2018 17:00:13-17:59:13 73.04 A Day 12 12.6.2018 18:00:13-18:59:13 77.14 A Day 13 12.6.2018 19:00:13-19:59:13 71.26 A Day 14 12.6.2018 20:00:13-20:59:13 69.55 A Day 15 12.6.2018 21:00:13-21:59:13 73.89 A Day 16 12.6.2018 22:00:13-22:59:13 74.27 A Night 17 12.6.2018 23:00:13-23:59:13 71.19 A Night 18 13.6.2018 0:00:13-0:59:13 69.44 A Night 19 13.6.2018 1:00:13-1:59:13 69.97 A Night

20 13.6.2018 2:00:13-2:59:13 73.92 A Night 73.65 21 13.6.2018 3:00:13-3:59:13 74.00 A Night 22 13.6.2018 4:00:13-4:59:13 76.10 A Night 23 13.6.2018 5:00:13-5:59:13 76.34 A Night

24 13.6.2018 6:00:13-6:59:13 77.58 A Night

Average 74.57

Observed Noise Value (dBA) 90.0 80.0 70.0 60.0 50.0 40.0 30.0 20.0

Figure D-36 Noise Level at ET # 17

81 D.3. Appendix Wind Speed and direction

Source: E Guard Environmental Services, 2018

Source: E Guard Environmental Services, 2018 Figure D-37 Wind Speed and Wind Direction (Blowing to) at ET # 1

Figure D-38 Wind Class Frequency Distribution at ET # 1

Figure D-39 Wind Speed and Wind Direction (Blowing to) at ET # 2

Figure D-40 Wind Class Frequency Distribution at ET # 2

Figure D-41 Wind Speed and Wind Direction (Blowing to) at ET # 3

Figure D-42 Wind Class Frequency Distribution at ET # 3

Figure D-43 Wind Speed and Wind Direction (Blowing to) at ET # 6

Figure D-44 Wind Class Frequency Distribution at ET # 6

Figure D-45 Wind Speed and Wind Direction (Blowing to) at ET # 8

Figure D-46 Wind Class Frequency Distribution at ET # 8

Figure D-47 Wind Speed and Wind Direction (Blowing to) at ET # 9

Figure D-48 Wind Class Frequency Distribution at ET # 9

Figure D-49 Wind Speed and Wind Direction (Blowing to) at ET # 11

Figure D-50 Wind Class Frequency Distribution at ET # 11

Figure D-51 Wind Speed and Wind Direction (Blowing to) at ET # 12

Figure D-52 Wind Class Frequency Distribution at ET # 12

Figure D-53 Wind Speed and Wind Direction (Blowing to) at ET # 13

Figure D-54 Wind Class Frequency Distribution at ET # 13

Figure D-55 Wind Speed and Wind Direction (Blowing to) at ET # 14

Figure D-56 Wind Class Frequency Distribution at ET # 14

Figure D-57 Wind Speed and Wind Direction (Blowing to) at ET # 15

Figure D-58 Wind Class Frequency Distribution at ET # 15

Figure D-59 Wind Speed and Wind Direction (Blowing to) at ET # 17

Figure D-60 Wind Class Frequency Distribution at ET # 17

94 D.4. Appendix Surface and Groundwater Monitoring Results

95 Table D-25 Surface Water Quality ET # 1, ET # 2 and ET # 3

Ambient water WHO (Normally WHO (DW) quality found in fresh (Health based Parameters standards for ET # 1 ET # 2 ET # 3 water/surface guideline by the the protection of water/ground water) WHO) aquatic life

Arsenic (As) 0.01 mg/l 0.05 mg/l Nil Nil Nil

Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD) (5 days ≤ 3.0 mg/l 18 mg/l 20 mg/l 22 mg/l at 20oC) Chemical Oxygen 64 mg/l 64 mg/l 64 mg/l Demand (COD) Dissolved Oxygen (DO) 6mg/l 3.45 mg/l 8.86 mg/l 9.69 mg/l [On Site Result] Lead (as Pb) 0.01 mg/l 0.001 mg/l Nil Nil Nil

Mercury < 0.5 μg/L 0.001 mg/l 0.0001 mg/l 0 mg/l 0.001 mg/l 0.001 mg/l

Nitrate (N.NO3) 50 mg/l 5 mg/l 1.3 mg/l 0.9 mg/l 0.8 mg/l

Substantially Oil & Grease absent, no 3.0 13.89 15.13 iridescent sheen pH (On Site Result) 6.5 - 8.5 6.5-9 5.87 8.46 7.50 Phosphate Nil Nil Nil Salinity (On Site Result) 0.1 ppt 0.0 ppt 0.1 ppt Total Suspended Solids 1500 mg/l 10 mg/l 112 mg/l 370 mg/l 428 mg/l Temperature (On Site 29.99°C 28.96°C 28.58°C Result) Total Coliform Count Not detected 10 CFU/100 ml 18 CFU/100 ml 18 CFU/100 ml

Source: E Guard Environmental Services, 2018 WHO=World Health Organiza tion

Table D-26 Surface Water Quality ET # 6, ET # 8 and ET # 9

Ambient water WHO (Normally WHO (DW) quality found in fresh (Health based Parameters standards for ET # 6 ET # 8 ET # 9 water/surface guideline by the the protection of water/ground water) WHO) aquatic life

Arsenic (As) 0.01 mg/l 0.05 mg/l Nil Nil Nil

Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD) (5 days ≤ 3.0 mg/l 18 mg/l 10 mg/l 20 mg/l at 20oC) Chemical Oxygen 64 mg/l 32 mg/l 64 mg/l Demand (COD) Dissolved Oxygen (DO) 6 mg/l 2.08 mg/l 3.45 mg/l 3.80 mg/l [On Site Result] Lead (as Pb) 0.01 mg/l 0.001 mg/l Nil Nil Nil

Mercury < 0.5 μg/L 0.001 mg/l 0.0001 mg/l 0 mg/l 0 mg/l 0.001 mg/l

Nitrate (N.NO3) 50 mg/l 5 mg/l 0.9 mg/l 0.5 mg/l 1.1 mg/l

Substantially Oil & Grease absent, no 4.0 1.0 3.0 iridescent sheen pH (On Site Result) 6.5 - 8.5 6.5-9 9 5.87 10.22 Phosphate Nil Nil Nil Salinity (On Site Result) 0.0 ppt 0.1 ppt 0.1 ppt Total Suspended Solids 1500 mg/l 10 mg/l 338 mg/l 133 mg/l 368 mg/l

97 Ambient water WHO (Normally WHO (DW) quality found in fresh (Health based Parameters standards for ET # 6 ET # 8 ET # 9 water/surface guideline by the the protection of water/ground water) WHO) aquatic life

Temperature (On Site 30.15°C 27.27°C 28.26°C Result) Total Coliform Count Not detected 28 CFU/100 ml 18 CFU/100 ml 12 CFU/100 ml

Source: E Guard Environmental Services, 2018 WHO=World Health Organization

Table D-27 Surface Water Quality ET # 11, ET # 12 and ET # 13

Ambient water WHO (DW) WHO (Normally found quality (Health based Parameters in fresh water/surface standards for the ET # 11 ET # 12 ET # 13 guideline by the water/ground water) protection of WHO) aquatic life

Arsenic (As) 0.01 mg/l 0.05 mg/l Nil Nil Nil

Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD) (5 days ≤ 3.0 mg/l 12 mg/l 12 mg/l 18 mg/l at 20oC)

Chemical Oxygen 64 mg/l 64 mg/l 64 mg/l Demand (COD) Dissolved Oxygen (DO) 6 mg/l 3.98 mg/l 7.57 mg/l 9.87 mg/l [On Site Result] Lead (as Pb) 0.01 mg/l 0.001 mg/l Nil Nil Nil

Mercury < 0.5 μg/L 0.001 mg/l 0.0001 mg/l 0 mg/l 0 mg/l 4.956 mg/l

Nitrate (N.NO3) 50 mg/l 5 mg/l 1.1 mg/l 1.1 mg/l 0.8 mg/l

98 Substantially Oil & Grease absent, no 1.13 1.7 6.2 iridescent sheen pH (On Site Result) 6.5 - 8.5 6.5-9 10.38 8.90 8.10 Phosphate Nil Nil Nil Salinity (On Site Result) 0.1 ppt 0.1 ppt 0.0 ppt Total Suspended Solids 1500 mg/l 10 mg/l 512 mg/l 496 mg/l 198 mg/l Temperature (On Site 30°C 27.88°C 28.02°C Result) Total Coliform Count Not detected 20 CFU/100 ml 20 CFU/100 ml 22 CFU/100 ml

Source: E Guard Environmental Services, 2018 WHO=World Health Organization

Table D-28 Surface Water Quality ET # 14, ET # 15 and ET # 17

99 WHO (DW) Ambient water WHO (Normally found (Health based quality standards Parameters in fresh water/surface ET # 14 ET # 15 ET # 17 guideline by the for the protection water/ground water) WHO) of aquatic life

Arsenic (As) 0.01 mg/l 0.05 mg/l Nil Nil Nil

Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD) (5 ≤ 3.0 mg/l 8 mg/l 12 mg/l 8 mg/l days at 20oC)

Chemical Oxygen 32 mg/l 96 mg/l 32 mg/l Demand (COD)

Dissolved Oxygen 6mg/l 10.43 mg/l 9.14 mg/l 9.03 mg/l (DO) [On Site Result]

Lead (as Pb) 0.01 mg/l 0.001 mg/l Nil Nil Nil Mercury < 0.5 μg/L 0.001 mg/l 0.0001 mg/l 0 mg/l 1.671 mg/l 0.852 mg/l Nitrate (N.NO3) 50 mg/l 5 mg/l 0.5 mg/l 3.8 mg/l 0.4 mg/l Substantially Oil & Grease absent, no 8.0 7.2 3.1 iridescent sheen pH (On Site Result) 6.5 - 8.5 6.5-9 8.92 8.31 9.03 Phosphate Nil 0.06 mg/l Nil Salinity (On Site 0.0 ppt 0.0 ppt 0.0 ppt Result)

Total Suspended 1500 mg/l 10 mg/l 42 mg/l 392 mg/l 22 mg/l Solids

Temperature (On Site 27.54°C 32.38°C 28.0°C Result)

Total Coliform Count Not detected 4 CFU/100 ml 30 CFU/100 ml 3 CFU/100 ml

100

Table D-29 Ground Water Quality for ET # 1, ET # 2 and ET # 3

Source: E Guard Environmental Services, 2018 WHO=World Health Organization

Ambient water WHO (DW) WHO (Normally found quality (Health based Parameters in fresh water/surface standards for the ET # 1 ET # 2 ET # 3 guideline by the water/ground water) protection of WHO) aquatic life

Arsenic (As) 0.01 mg/l 0.05 mg/l Nil Nil Nil

Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD) (5 ≤ 3.0 mg/l 10 mg/l 4 mg/l 4 mg/l days at 20oC)

Chemical Oxygen 32 mg/l 32 mg/l 32 mg/l Demand (COD)

Dissolved Oxygen (DO) [On Site 6mg/l 4.81 mg/l 6.33 mg/l 8.55 mg/l Result]

Lead (as Pb) 0.01 mg/l 0.001 mg/l Nil Nil Nil

Mercury < 0.5 μg/L 0.001 mg/l 0.0001 mg/l 0 mg/l 0.003 mg/l 0.011 mg/l Nitrate (N.NO3) 50 mg/l 5 mg/l 0.3 mg/l 0.2 mg/l 0.2 mg/l Substantially Oil & Grease absent, no 1.0 13.27 14.88 iridescent sheen pH (On Site Result) 6.5 - 8.5 6.5-9 7.87 9.07 10.28 Phosphate Nil Nil Nil Salinity (On Site 0.0 ppt 0.8 ppt 0.6 ppt Result)

Total Suspended 1500 mg/l 10 mg/l 16 mg/l 14 mg/l 8 mg/l Solids

Temperature (On 30.14°C 28.78°C 33.45°C Site Result)

Total Coliform Count Not detected 5 CFU/100 ml 3 CFU/100 ml 8 CFU/100 ml

101 Table D-30 Ground Water Quality for ET # 6, ET # 8 and ET # 9

WHO (DW) Ambient water WHO (Normally found (Health based quality standards Parameters in fresh water/surface ET # 6 ET # 8 ET # 9 guideline by the for the protection water/ground water) WHO) of aquatic life

Arsenic (As) 0.01 mg/l 0.05 mg/l Nil Nil Nil

Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD) (5 ≤ 3.0 mg/l 8 mg/l 8 mg/l 10 mg/l days at 20oC)

Chemical Oxygen 32 mg/l 32 mg/l 32 mg/l Demand (COD)

Dissolved Oxygen (DO) [On Site 6mg/l 3.00 mg/l 2.30 mg/l 6.01 mg/l Result]

Lead (as Pb) 0.01 mg/l 0.001 mg/l Nil Nil Nil Mercury < 0.5 μg/L 0.001 mg/l 0.0001 mg/l 0 mg/l 0 mg/l 0.001 mg/l Nitrate (N.NO3) 50 mg/l 5 mg/l 0.3 mg/l 0.2 mg/l 0.5 mg/l Substantially Oil & Grease absent, no 3.0 1.8 2.8 iridescent sheen pH (On Site Result) 6.5 - 8.5 6.5-9 9.83 10.65 8.72 Phosphate Nil Nil Nil Salinity (On Site 3.3 ppt 1.3 ppt 3.3 ppt Result)

Total Suspended 1500 mg/l 10 mg/l 33 mg/l 24 mg/l 46 mg/l Solids

Temperature (On 29.82 °C 28.63°C 28.28°C Site Result)

Total Coliform Count Not detected 8 CFU/100 ml 6 CFU/100 ml 8 CFU/100 ml

Source: E Guard Environmental Services, 2018 WHO=World Health Organization

102

Table D-31 Ground Water Quality for ET # 11, ET # 12 and ET # 13

Ambient water WHO (Normally WHO (DW) quality found in fresh (Health based Parameters standards for ET # 11 ET # 12 ET # 13 water/surface guideline by the the protection of water/ground water) WHO) aquatic life

Arsenic (As) 0.01 mg/l 0.05 mg/l Nil Nil Nil

Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD) (5 days ≤ 3.0 mg/l 6 mg/l 6 mg/l 8 mg/l at 20oC) Chemical Oxygen 32 mg/l 32 mg/l 32 mg/l Demand (COD)

Dissolved Oxygen (DO) 6mg/l 3.86 mg/l 3.84 mg/l 9.75 mg/l [On Site Result] Lead (as Pb) 0.01 mg/l 0.001 mg/l Nil Nil Nil Mercury < 0.5 μg/L 0.001 mg/l 0.0001 mg/l 0 mg/l 0 mg/l 0 mg/l Nitrate (N.NO3) 50 mg/l 5 mg/l 0.3 mg/l 0.3 mg/l 03 mg/l Substantially Oil & Grease absent, no 5.7 0.67 9.68 iridescent sheen pH (On Site Result) 6.5 - 8.5 6.5-9 9.06 8.10 7.09 Phosphate Nil Nil Nil Salinity (On Site Result) 0.3 ppt 0.0 ppt 0.0 ppt Source: E Guard Environmental Services, 2018 WHO=World Health Organization Total Suspended Solids 1500 mg/l 10 mg/l 35 mg/l 18 mg/l 22 mg/l Temperature (On Site 30°C 28.78°C 28.71°C Result) Total Coliform Count Not detected 6 CFU/100 ml 4 CFU/100 ml 6 CFU/100 ml

103 Table D-32 Ground Water Quality for ET # 14, ET # 15 and ET # 17

Ambient water WHO (Normally WHO (DW) quality found in fresh (Health based Parameters standards for ET # 14 ET # 15 ET # 17 water/surface guideline by the the protection of water/ground water) WHO) aquatic life

Arsenic (As) 0.01 mg/l 0.05 mg/l Nil Nil Nil

Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD) (5 days ≤ 3.0 mg/l 6 mg/l 6 mg/l 4 mg/l at 20oC) Chemical Oxygen 32 mg/l 64 mg/l 32 mg/l Demand (COD)

Dissolved Oxygen (DO) 6 mg/l 8.15 mg/l 5.95 mg/l 4.03 mg/l [On Site Result] Lead (as Pb) 0.01 mg/l 0.001 mg/l Nil Nil Nil Mercury < 0.5 μg/L 0.001 mg/l 0.0001 mg/l 0 mg/l 0.878 mg/l 0.056 mg/l Nitrate (N.NO3) 50 mg/l 5 mg/l 0.3 mg/l 0.8 mg/l 0.8 mg/l Substantially Oil & Grease absent, no 1.3 3.0 3.0 iridescent sheen pH (On Site Result) 6.5 - 8.5 6.5-9 7.72 8.96 8.2 Phosphate Nil Nil Salinity (On Site Result) 0.0 ppt 0.0 ppt 0.0 ppt

Total Suspended Solids 1500 mg/l 10 mg/l 10 mg/l 72 mg/l 16 mg/l Temperature (On Site 27.92°C 27.6°C 30.14°C Result) Total Coliform Count Not detected 4 CFU/100 ml 8 CFU/100 ml 3 CFU/100 ml

104 D.5. Appendix Soil and Sediment Table D-33 Soil analysed at ET # 1 Sample Name Symbol Unit Percentage Arsenic As ppm Nil

Lead Pb ppm Nil

Mercury Hg ppm Nil

Nitrate NO3N ppm 0.10

Phosphate PO4 ppm 0.06

Table D-34 Soil analysed at ET # 2 Sample Name Symbol Unit Percentage

Arsenic As ppm Nil

Lead Pb ppm Nil

Mercury Hg ppm Nil

Nitrate NO3N ppm 0.04

Phosphate PO4 ppm 0.15

Table D-35 Soil analysed at ET # 3 Sample Name Symbol Unit Percentage

Arsenic As ppm Nil

Lead Pb ppm Nil

Mercury Hg ppm Nil

Nitrate NO3N ppm 0.11

Phosphate PO4 ppm 0.08

Table D-36 Soil analysed at ET # 6 Sample Name Symbol Unit Percentage

Arsenic As ppm Nil

Lead Pb ppm Nil

Mercury Hg ppm Nil

Nitrate NO3N ppm 0.07

Phosphate PO4 ppm 0.10

Table D-37 Soil analysed at ET # 8 Sample Name Symbol Unit Percentage

Arsenic As ppm Nil

Lead Pb ppm Nil

Mercury Hg ppm Nil

Nitrate NO3N ppm 0.08

Phosphate PO4 ppm 0.08

Table D-38 Soil analysed at ET # 9

105 Sample Name Symbol Unit Percentage

Arsenic As ppm Nil

Lead Pb ppm Nil

Mercury Hg ppm Nil

Nitrate NO3N ppm 0.12

Phosphate PO4 ppm 0.09

Table D-39 Soil analysed at ET # 11 Sample Name Symbol Unit Percentage

Arsenic As ppm Nil

Lead Pb ppm Nil

Mercury Hg ppm Nil

Nitrate NO3N ppm 0.04

Phosphate PO4 ppm 0.16

Table D-40 Soil analysed at ET # 12 Sample Name Symbol Unit Percentage

Arsenic As ppm Nil

Lead Pb ppm Nil

Mercury Hg ppm Nil

Nitrate NO3N ppm 0.02

Phosphate PO4 ppm 0.23

Table D-41 Soil analysed at ET # 13 Sample Name Symbol Unit Percentage

Arsenic As ppm Nil

Lead Pb ppm Nil

Mercury Hg ppm Nil

Nitrate NO3N ppm 0.15

Phosphate PO4 ppm 0.16

Table D-42 Soil analysed at ET # 14 Symbol Unit Sample Name Percentage

Arsenic As ppm Nil

Lead Pb ppm Nil

Mercury Hg ppm Nil

Nitrate NO3N ppm 0.06

Phosphate PO4 ppm 0.19

Table D-43 Soil analysed at ET # 15 Sample Name Symbol Unit Percentage

Arsenic As ppm Nil

106 Sample Name Symbol Unit Percentage

Lead Pb ppm Nil

Mercury Hg ppm Nil

Nitrate NO3N ppm 0.10

Phosphate PO4 ppm 0.20

Table D-44 Soil analysed at ET # 17 Sample Name Symbol Unit Percentage

Arsenic As ppm Nil

Lead Pb ppm Nil

Mercury Hg ppm Nil

Nitrate NO3N ppm 0.06

Phosphate PO4 ppm 0.19

107

E. Appendix E Biodiversity Survey

E.1. Biodiversity Survey

E.1.1. Background The proposed new road lies between near Bago area and Kyaikto area, starting at Yangon- Bago road and runs to near Kyaikto area. The proposed road crosses Bago river, Sittaung Canal and Sittaung River before it reaches to nearby Kyaikto area. The proposed road lies between Moeyingyi Wildlife Sanctuary, a Ramsar wetland, and Mottama Ramsar site. Moeyingyi wetland is located 13 kilometres north of the proposed road and Mottama Ramsar site is located 3 kilometres west of the proposed road. The Kyaikhtiyoe Wildlife Sanctuary is located 11 kilometres east of the proposed road.

E.1.2. Survey Methodology The proposed new road from Bago to Kyaikhto crosses the Bago-Sittaung river basin area and some areas are flooded in monsoon season. Most part of the area is observed as rice field and a small part is covered with orchards around Kyaikhto section. The Bago River arises in the hill of Bago county and flows for 331 kilometres towards Yangon with a catchment area of 5348 km2, through the city of Bago. The width of Bago River differs from 150m upstream to 2200m downstream. The Sittaung river rises northeast of Yamethin on the edge of the Shan Plateau and flowing south with a catchment area of 48,100 km2 for 420km to empty into the Gulf of Martabin of the Andaman Sea. The Sittaung river is navigable for 40km year-round and for 90km during monsoon season. Its lower course is linked by a canal to Bago River, which makes the basinduring the wet season very interrelated. The biodiversity along the proposed new road composed of the cropland ecological conditions such as rice field habitat with common animal species in the area. Aquatic habitat and related flora and fauna are noted at the Bago river and Sittaung river and their connected wetland areas. The proposed new road passes some small patches of orchards of cashew nut and rubber and oil palm plantation areas. A survey team of 8 persons conducted a field survey on the biodiversity of the proposed Bago- Kyaikto road. It was undertaken to find out the existing biodiversity and ecological condition along the proposed road. The field survey was undertaken following the methods described in Term of Reference (TOR) provided by the Consultant. The study was carried out along the proposed road and the survey focused on the areas which had different ecological conditions and based on the topographic conditions, vegetation cover and elevations. Twenty-seven specific locations were selected for detail descriptions. The Visual Encounter Survey (VES) was used to document the presence of and assessments of the species encountered. In each area visited by the survey team, interviews were conducted with the villagers who live adjacent to the proposed road for the presence and abundance of animals, fish, flora and fauna in the area. Data from local wet markets (fish and vegetables) were included. The proposed new road from Bago to Kyaikto crosses the Bago-Sittaung river basin area and some areas are flooded in monsoon season including Bago and Sittaung Rivers.

108

Source: Environmental Myanmar Cooperative, 2018 Figure E-1 Map showing the surveying route along the proposed road The surveys documented the biodiversity values of some of the area of the right of way of the proposed Bago to Kyaikto Road. The surveys were conducted in 12 June 2018 to 18 June 2018. In surveying the animal species, the surveys focussed on mammals, birds, reptiles, amphibians and fish. The plant and animal species of the project area identified and noted. Levels of disturbance to the natural areas were recorded. In order to ensure that the surveys include a representative selection of habitat types, precise sample sites are selected on the basis of elevation and vegetation type using a combination of 1:50000 maps, satellite images, a review of available literature and consultation with local residents. The area was surveyed by directional walks and was surveyed by visual encounter surveys and observations. The Visual Encounter Survey (VES) was used to document the presence of and assessments of the species encountered. Systematic records of forest and other habitat disturbance were carried out in order to assess rates of this disturbance. The types of crops, plantation and orchards found along the alignment were noted. The fish and other species found in the canals, rivers and ponds along the alignment were noted. The birds encountered along the alignment were noted and photographed for identifying the species. The names of all species of mammals, birds, reptiles, amphibians and fish, the flora and fauna (crops, trees, bushes) of the project area were noted with three names: local name in Myanmar language, in English and the scientific name.

E.1.3. Directional Walks “Directional walks” were used to count animals, animal dung and tracks. These were conducted by 8 persons in 4 teams of two persons, the principal researcher and one research assistant. Using a compass and GPS, these were undertaken each day starting at about 7- 7.30 am (or immediately after dawn). The walks followed the proposed road alignment where

109 possible and followed straight lines as much as the terrain and vegetation allowed. Data was recorded in notebooks and then transcribed onto a data-sheet after each walk. The start and the end time and GPS position of each walk was recorded, together with straight distance walked. Although the direction is “straight” following the proposed alignment of the road the surveyors meandered in order to capture all available data. This was shown in GPS tracks. Average speed is about 2km/h. This allowed for the calculation of a gross encounter rate (number of species per km walked and per sampling time) that in turn gives a proxy of relative abundance. For each sighting data was recorded on the time of encounter, species, number of individuals, group size estimation, habitat and locality notes.

E.1.4. Interviews with Villagers In each area visited by the survey team, interviews were conducted with the villagers who live adjacent to the proposed road for the presence and abundance of animals, fish, flora and fauna in the area. Data from local wet markets (fish and vegetables) were included. A representative group of the people were interviewed for presence and abundance of medium to large mammals and sites of higher abundance. Field guides and photographs of key species were used to facilitate identification. A preliminary list could then be compiled.

E.1.5. Meteorology The rainfall in Bago-Sittaung river basin is variable due to the dry and wet season. The rainfall is very intense, which makes the rain events short with high precipitation rates. The temperature difference between the wet and dry season is low with difference around 5 degrees.

E.1.6. Floods in the Wet Season The lower parts of the Bago-Sittaung river basins are prone to flood occurrences. Due to heavy rainfall the discharge of the rivers increases. This together with high tides from the sea causes frequent floods. Floods only occur during the wet season as this accounts for almost all rainfall during the year.

E.1.7. Salinization in times of drought In Bago and Sittaung Rivers, salt intrusion is a problem in the dry season due to low water level in the rivers and crops being more fragile. The lower Sittaung River basin is more prone to tidal effects because it flows straight into the ocean.

E.1.8. Findings at Intervals The biodiversity team started to survey the occurrence and diversity of the flora, fauna and ecological conditions on 12.6.2018. The start point was near the Bago City around 17°14'44.95"N and 96°27'56.48"E. The plants were mainly flowering plants grown by the residents. Herbs and shrubs were observed at the road side and agricultural land. The animals and plants listed were common species and no threatened species were found at the starting segment. The land cover is shown in the following figures.

110

Source: Environmental Myanmar Cooperative, Figure E-2 Landcover of segment 1 near Bago City

Source: Environmental Myanmar Cooperative, 2018 Figure E-3 Landcover of segment 2 near between Bago City Thanatpin town

111

Source: Environmental Myanmar Cooperative, 2018 Figure E-4 Landcover of segment 3 near Thanatpin town

Source: Environmental Myanmar Cooperative, 2018 Figure E-5 Landcover of segment 4

The starting point was Yangon-Bago highway near the Mahar Byamaso Monastery. The area was dominated with terrestrial bird species like house sparrow and tree sparrow groups.

112 E.1.8.1. Location 1: 17°14'44.95"N; 96°27'56.48"E

Figure E-6 Existing condition of location 1 The plant species observed were Chromolaena odorata (Bizat), Physalis minima L.(Bauk Pin), Phyllanthus urinaria L.(Myay zee phyu), Hyptis suaveolens (L. ) Poit(Nan saw), Samanea saman (Jacq.) Merr.(Kokko), Streptocaulon tomentosum(Myinsagoni), Eragrostella bifaria Wt. (Thaman myet), Echinochloa crus-galli(Myet cho), and Andrapogan brevifolius L.(Zein Myet).

E.1.8.2. Location 2: 17°15'59.36"N; 96°28'56.08"E

Figure E-7 Existing condition of location 2 This segment was located across the rail road and beside it; there was an area of mixed vegetation with flooded patches and agricultural lands. The study area was located near the roadside of Yangon-Mandalay highway and covered with agricultural land and natural vegetation of grasses and herbs. The water birds species like cattle egrets, indian pond herons, little cormorants, asian open bill, cotton pygmy gooses, little egret and some land birds species like red wattled lapwing, house sparrows, tree sparrows, spotted doves, common myna, little green bee-eater, white throated kingfisher, red vented bulbul and zitting cisticola and rose winged parakeet were found in this area during field surveys. Some paddy crabs dominated in paddyfield and small water channel. Some frog and toad calls were recorded from paddy field. The plant species observed were Chromolaena odorata (Bizat), Syzygium kurzii.(Thabyay) Clematis cadmia (Pwint Phyu Nwel), Virgaatus stapf(Myet Nan), Tridax procumbens L.(Mwe Soke), Terminalia catappa L.(Banda), Saccharum spontaneum(Kaing), Euphorbia hypericfolia L.(Minsae), Oryza sativa L.(Saba), Imperata cylindrical(Thekke), Mimosa pudica L.(Kone hte yone), and Eichhornia crassipes(Beda).

E.1.8.3. Location 3: 17°16'20.89"N; 96°29'39.84"E

113

Source: Environmental Myanmar Cooperative,

2018 Figure E-8 Existing condition of location 3

This segment crosses the Bago River and agriculture land, near the Ahtetcity Village. From this point, more land bird species like white throated kingfisher, pie bushchat, little green bee- eater, spotted dove, black drongo, white throated babbler and red vented bulbul with many individual birds such as common myna species were found at this area. Some water bird species like little egret and little cormorant in small number of individuals were recorded. A couple of lizards were observed at the edges of paddy field. During field survey, two spawning fish species, climbing perch(nga-pyay-ma), were accidently found on a muddy road near water channel in the rainy time of this day. The plant species listed were Dillenia indica L.(Tha byut chin), Bombax ceiba L.(Letpan), Flemingia sp.(Kyee), Chromolaena odorata (Bezet) , Andrapogan brevifolius L. Zein-Myat. Canna indica L.(Budatharana), Clitoria ternatea L.(Aung-me-nyo), Eragrostis bifaria Wt.ex Steud.(Myet Mwel), and Hyptis suaveolens (L.) Poit (Nan saw),

114 E.1.8.4. Location 4: 17°16'43.74"N; 96°30'14.77"E

Source: Environmental Myanmar Cooperative, 2018 Figure E-9 Existing condition of location 4 This area was covered with agricultural plots of rice fields. Small number of edible paddy field crabs at edges of paddy field and some water birds species like flying lesser whistling duck and little cormorant were observed at this area. In paddy field, 20 to 25 rose ring parakeet were found foraging around the area. The plant species listed were Jasminum sambac (L.) Ait.(Saba), Eragrostella bifaria Wt.(Thaman myet), Echinochloa crus-galli(Myet cho), Andrapogan brevifolius L. (Zein Myet), and Dichanthium annulatum(Padawni).

E.1.8.5. Location 5: 17°18'19.08"N; 96°33'2.88"E

Source: Environmental Myanmar Cooperative, 2018 Figure E-10 Existing condition of location 5 This segment crossed the road of Bago-Tha Nat Pin road. Moreover, both sides of this road were close to agricultural land. This area was largely covered with paddy field and flooded areas. Many individuals of cattle egrets with yellow head (breeding stage) dominated in this area while the land birds like chestnut headed bee-eater were hunting insects near the road side of Bag-Thanat pin road. Some edible frogs Rana limnocharis were found in flooded area. The plant species observed were Eichhornia crassipes(Beda), Eragrostella bifaria Wt.(Thaman), Commelina sp(Wet kyut), Eleusine indica L.(Singo Myet), Eragrostella bifaria Wt.(Thaman Myet), Acacia mangium Willd(Mangan-shar), Acacia auriculiformis (Orisha), Alternanthera nodiflora(Kanaphaw), Leucaena leucocephala(Awaya), and Mangifera indica L.(Thayet).

115 E.1.8.6. Location 6: 17°19'14.25"N; 96°34'22.93"E

Source: Environmental Myanmar Cooperative, 2018 Figure E-11 Existing condition of location 6 This area was widely covered by paddy field and many flooded areas were observed. Many individuals of tree sparrows dominated in this area while the land birds like little green bee- eater were hunting insects near the road side of village. One cinnamon bittern was flying over the wetland area. The plant species listed were Jasminum sambac (L.) Ait.(Sabal), Eragrostella bifaria (Thaman myet), Echinochloa crus-galli (Myet cho), Andrapogan brevifolius (Zein Myet), Dichanthium annulatum(Padawni), Alternanthera nodiflora (Kanaphaw), Arundinella birmanica (Myet Pauk), and Chromolaena odorata (Bezet).

E.1.8.7. Location 7: 17°20'39.03"N; 96°36'40.11"E

Source: Environmental Myanmar Cooperative, 2018 Figure E-12 Existing condition of location 7 This area was surrounded by paddy field and flooded lands. Many edible mollusks, Pila globosa were found in water channel of paddy field. Some waterbird species like India pond heron, cattle egret and some land birds like house sparrows and large bill crow were recorded in wetland and nearby village. The plant species listed were Saccharum spontaneum L.(Kine),Samanea saman(Kokko), Virgaatusstapf (Myat nan),Phragmites karka Roxb.(Kyu),Oryza sativa L.(Saba),Alocasia sp. (Pein),Jasminum sambac (L.) Ait.(Sabal), Eragrostella bifaria Wt.(Thaman myet), Echinochloa

116 crus-galli(Myet cho), Andrapogan brevifolius L.(Zein Myet), and Dichanthium annulatum (Padawni).

E.1.8.8. Location 8: 17°21'30.10"N; 96°37'26.97"E

Source: Environmental Myanmar Cooperative, 2018 Figure E-13 Existing condition of location 8 The whole area was found to be agricultural land (rice field). This segment was widely flooded and only Asian palm swift and red whisker bulbul were found during that survey time. The plant species observed were Oryza sativa L.(Saba), Eragrostella bifaria Wt.(Thaman myet), Echinochloa crus-galli(Myet cho), Andrapogan brevifolius L., (Zein Myet), Dichanthium annulatum (Padawni) and Alternanthera nodiflora (Kanaphaw),

E.1.8.9. Location 9: 17°22'15.93"N; 96°38'14.95"E

Source: Environmental Myanmar Cooperative, 2018 Figure E-14 Existing condition of location 9 The area was a mixed flood land and rice field. This point was a flooded area. More land bird species like three kinds of munia, chestnut headed munia, scaly breasted munia and white belly munia were recorded with some trees around village. Near threatened bird species, asian golden weaver birds were found in grass land of this area. The plant species listed were Saccharum spontaneum L. (Kine), Oryza sativa L. (Saba), Eragrostella bifaria Wt. (Thaman myet), Echinochloa crus-galli (Myet cho), Andrapogan brevifolius L. (Zein Myet), Dichanthium annulatum (Padawni) and Alternanthera nodiflora (Kanaphaw).

117

118 E.1.8.10. Location 10: 17°22'38.58"N; 96°39'12.19"E

Figure E-15 Existing condition of location 10 This section passed the area close to a pagoda which was located nearby Nyaung Thone Gwa village. The area was surrounded by paddy fields, grassland and small wetland areas. Three white breasted wood swallow were found on the tree in this area and munia and asian golden weaver in grassland and trees in this area. Some lizards and toads were also found at the wet land. The plant species listed were Saccharum spontaneum L. (Kine), Oryza sativa L. (Saba), Eragrostella bifaria Wt. (Thaman myet), Borassus flabellifer L. (Htan), Eragrostella bifaria Wt. (Thaman myet), Echinochloa crus-galli (Myet cho), Andrapogan brevifolius L. (Zein Myet), Samanea saman (Jacq.) Merr. (Kokko), Hyptis suaveolens (L.) Poit (Nan saw), Eichhornia crassipes (Baeda), and Echinochloa crus-galli (L.) (Myat cho).

E.1.8.11. Location 11: 17°22'48.95"N; 96°39'26.26"E

Source: Environmental Myanmar Cooperative, 2018 Figure E-16 Existing condition of location 11 This segment was flooded area and water depth was about 2.5 meters at the road side. Only one species of little egret and some land bird species, one bird of prey (black winged kite) soaring over the paddy field and oriental magpie robin on the tree were recorded. Some water snakes and edible paddy field mollusk were found in water channel of this area. The plant species listed were Saccharum spontaneum L.(Kine),Oryza sativa L.(Saba), Eragrostella bifaria Wt.(Thaman myet), Borassus flabelliferL. (Htan), Eragrostella bifaria Wt.(Thaman myet), Echinochloa crus-galli (Myet cho), Andrapogan brevifolius L.(Zein Myet), Samanea saman (Jacq.) Merr. (Kokko), Hyptis suaveolens (L.) Poit (Nan saw), and Eichhornia crassipes (Baeda).

119 E.1.8.12. Location 12: 17°23'23.00"N; 96°41'27.79"E

Source: Environmental Myanmar Cooperative, Figure E-17 Existing condition of location 12 The area was a widely flooded area. The survey team took the photos of the paddy field rats from a villager hunting for food and he used to sell in village market for his family. Some water bird species like little cormorant, little egret, the near-threatened bird species, and one oriental darter bird were found at this area. One skink and one lizard were recorded in this area. The plant species listed were Saccharum spontaneum L.(Kine), Oryza sativa L.(Saba), Eragrostella bifaria Wt. (Thaman myet), Echinochloa crus-galli (Myet cho), Andrapogan brevifolius L. (Zein Myet), Dichanthium annulatum (Padawni). Alternanthera nodiflora (Kanaphaw), Hyptis suaveolens (L.) Poit (Nan saw), and Eichhornia crassipes (Baeda).

E.1.8.13. Location 13: 17°24'0.52"N; 96°43'56.17"E

Figure E-18 Existing condition of location 13 The whole area was flooded. Most of the recorded birds were observed in the sky, such as Asian palm swift and house swift. The edible paddyfield crabs were found in water channel of this area The plant species listed were Alternanthera nodiflora (Kanaphaw), Oryza sativa L.(Saba), Eragrostella bifaria Wt.(Thaman myet), Echinochloa crus-galli (Myet cho), Andrapogan brevifolius L.(Zein Myet), Flemingia sp.(Kyee), Samanea saman (Jacq.) Merr.(Kokko), Senna siamea (Mae zeli), and Syzygium kurzii (Thabyay).

120 E.1.8.14. Location 14: 17°24'5.86"N; 96°46'28.34"E

Source: Environmental Myanmar Cooperative,

Figure E-19 Existing condition of location 14 This area was covered with rice field and located near a village to village connecting road. The land bird species like tree sparrow, red whisker bulbul, asain golden weaver bird together with nest on tree were recorded. One aquatic insect was found in wetland area of the point. The plant species listed were Alternanthera nodiflora (Kanaphaw), Oryza sativa L. (Saba), Eragrostella bifaria Wt. (Thaman myet), Echinochloa crus-galli (Myet cho), Andrapogan brevifolius L. (Zein Myet), Saccharum spontaneum L.(Kine), Cyperus rotundus L. (Myet Mone nyin), Flemingia sp. (Kyee), Samanea saman (Jacq.) Merr. (Kokko), Ziziphus rugosa Lam. (Zee), Pterocarpus macrocarpus (Padauk), and Psidium guajava L. (Malaka).

E.1.8.15. Location 15: 17°24'4.47"N; 96°49'46.59"E

Source: Environmental Myanmar Cooperative, 2018 Figure E-20 Existing condition of location 15 This area was mixed grass land and flooded area. The survey team conducted interview surveys with native people about the status of animals in this area, the poisonous snake species, such as cobra, viper and banded krait were abundant in this area. The waterbird species like Indian pondheron and little egret were observed in this point. The land bird species like red collared dove, oriental magpie robin, red whisker bulbul, asian golden weaver bird together with nest on a tree were recorded. One aquatic insect species was found in wetland area of the point. The plant species listed were Andrapogan brevifolius (Zein-Myat), Arundinella birmanica (Myat-pauk), Dichanthium annulatum (Padaw-ni), Echinochloa crus-galli (Myat-cho), Saccharum spontaneum (Kine ), Eragrostella bifaria (Thaman), Mimosa pudica (Hti-ka-yone), Pterocarpus macrocarpus (Patauk), Samanea saman (Kokko), and Oryza sativa (Saba).

121 E.1.8.16. Location 16: 17°23'53.91"N; 96°51'35.29"E

Source: Environmental Myanmar Cooperative, 2018 Figure E-21 Existing condition of location 16 This area was agriculture land (rice field). The water snake was recorded in this area and Asian golden weaver birds and common myana were found at this area. The plant species observed were Tamarindus indica (Magyi), Anthocephalus morindaefolius (Ma U), Azadirachta indica (Tama), Cynodon dactylon (Myaysar-Myat), Cyperus rotundus (Myat-monyin), Echinochola colona (Pazonsar-Myat), and Oryza sativa (Saba).

E.1.8.17. Location 17: 17°23'57.53"N; 96°52'8.39"E

Source: Environmental Myanmar Cooperative, 2018 Figure E-22 Existing condition of location 17 This area was located near the Grass land and flooded area. Snakes were common in the area. The water bird species, cotton pygmy goose with it nest on trees and indian pond heron were found at this area. The plant species listed were Andrapogan brevifolius (Zein-Myat), Arundinella birmanica (Myat-pauk), Dichanthium annulatum (Padaw-ni), Echinochloa crus-galli (Myat-cho), Eragrostella bifaria (Thaman), Eleusine indica (Sinngo-myet), Pterocarpus macrocarpus (Patauk), Samanea saman (Kokko), and Oryza sativa (Saba).

122

E.1.8.18. Location 18: 17°24'16.23"N; 96°53'44.60"E

Source: Environmental Myanmar Cooperative,

2018 Figure E-23 Existing condition of location 18 The area was located near the Sittaung River and some fish species were recorded in this segment. The plant species observed were Tamarindus indica (Magyi), Anthocephalus morindaefolius (Ma U), Azadirachta indica (Tama), Cynodon dactylon (Myaysar-Myat), Cyperus rotundus (Myat-monyin), and Echinochola colona (Pazonsar-Myat).

E.1.8.19. Location 19: 17°24'23.72"N; 96°54'9.79"E

Source: Environmental Myanmar Cooperative, 2018 Figure E-24 Existing condition of location 19 This area was located near a poultry farm. The common myna and house sparrow were found near fish farm. The plant species listed were Andrapogan brevifolius (Zein-Myat), Arundinella birmanica (Myat-pauk), Dichanthium annulatum (Padaw-ni), Echinochloa crus-galli (Myat- cho), Hevea brasiliensis (Rubber), and Mangifera indica (Thayat).

123 E.1.8.20. Location 20: 17°24'22.80"N; 96°55'50.55"E

Source: Environmental Myanmar Cooperative, 2018 Figure E-25 Existing condition of location 20 This area is located at the rubber plantation area. The rufous treepie was found in the rubber farm and greater coucal was observed near small wetland area around this segment. The plant species observed were Cynodon dactylon (Myaysar-Myat), Cyperus rotundus (Myat-monyin), Echinochola colona (Pazonsar-Myat), Hevea brasiliensis (Rubber), Desmodium diffusum (Gyat), and Pennisetum pedicellatum (Myat Bie Daung).

E.1.8.21. Location 21: 17°23'33.85"N; 96°57'24.30"E

Figure E-26 Existing condition of location 21 This area was found within African Oil Palm plantation (Si ohn). The proposed road passed the area. The land birds like black drongo and jungle myna were recorded in the oil palm plantation area. The plant species listed were Andrapogan brevifolius (Zein-Myat), Arundinella birmanica (Myat-pauk), Dichanthium annulatum (Padaw-ni), Echinochloa crus-galli (Myat-cho), Phyllanthus urinaria (Mye-zi-phyu), Triumfetta bartramia (Kat-si-nal), Elaeis guineensis (Si Ohne), Tacca leontopetaloides (Balu-taung-hmwe), Chromolaena odorata (Bezet), and Convolvulus arvensis (Kouk-yoe-newl).

124 E.1.8.22. Location 22: 17°22'15.51"N; 96°58'50.64"E

Figure E-27 Existing condition of location 22 This location was located very close to rubber plantation which was mixed with some teak plants. The land bird species like black drongo was found in this area. The plant species observed were Cynodon dactylon (Myaysar-Myat), Cyperus rotundus (Myat-monyin), Echinochola colona (Pazonsar-Myat), Hevea brasiliensis (Rubber), Desmodium diffusum (Gyat), Pennisetum pedicellatum (Myat Bie Daung), Abutilon indicum (Bauk-khwe), Ageratum conyzoides (Khwe-thay-pan), Carallia brachiate (Mani Awbar), and Glochidion sp (Ta-min-soke).

E.1.8.23. Location 23: 17°21'19.56"N; 96°59'29.57"E

Source: Environmental Myanmar Cooperative, 2018 Figure E-28 Existing condition of location 23 This segment crossed the road of Wall-Kyaikto road near the Bike Ker village. The land bird species, such as house sparrow, tree sparrow and house crow were found near the road side. The plant species listed were Saccharum spontaneum (Kine), Eragrostella bifaria (Thaman myet), Echinochloa crus-galli (Myet cho), Andrapogan brevifolius (Zein Myet), Dichanthium annulatum (Padawni). Alternanthera nodiflora (Kanaphaw), Delonix regia (Sein-pan), Leucaena leucocephala (Awaya), Mangifera indica (Thayat), Microcos paniculata (Mya Yar), and Mitragyna diversifolia (Binga).

125 E.1.8.24. Location 24: 17°20'29.77"N; 97° 1'15.01"E

Figure E-29 Existing condition of location 24 The area was covered with mixed grasses, shrubs, herbs and trees. The land bird species like greater coucal was observed near a wetland area. The plant species observed were Eragrostella bifaria Wt.(Thaman myet), Echinochloa crus- galli (Myet cho), Andrapogan brevifolius (Zein Myet), Dichanthium annulatum (Padawni). Alternanthera nodiflora (Kanaphaw), Mangifera indica (Thayat), Microcos paniculata (Mya Yar), Mitragyna diversifolia (Binga), Hevea brasiliensis (Rubber), Flemingia sp (Kyi-mee), Desmodium diffusum (Gyat), Echinochola colona (Pazonsar-Myat), Psidium guajava (Malaka), and Pterocarpus macrocarpus (Patauk).

E.1.8.25. Location 25: 17°19'50.39"N; 97° 1'51.45"E

Source: Environmental Myanmar Cooperative, 2018 Figure E-30 Existing condition of location 25 In this area, the proposed road crossed the existing road of Kyaikto-Kin Pun Sakan. The plant species listed were Andrapogan brevifolius (Zein-Myat), Arundinella birmanica (Myat-pauk), Dichanthium annulatum (Padaw-ni), Echinochloa crus-galli (Myat-cho), Phyllanthus urinaria (Mye-zi-phyu), Triumfetta bartramia (Kat-si-nal), Tacca leontopetaloides (Balu-taung-hmwe), Chromolaena odorata (Bezet), and Convolvulus arvensis (Kouk-yoe- newl).

126 E.1.8.26. Location 26: 17°18'57.13"N; 97° 2'50.03"E

Source: Environmental Myanmar Cooperative, 2018 Figure E-31 Existing condition of location 26 This area was located near the Sunlon Monastery. The land bird species of black drongo and house crow were recorded on both sides of the road. The plant species observed were Eragrostella bifaria Wt. (Thaman myet), Echinochloa crus- galli (Myet cho), Andrapogan brevifolius (Zein Myet), Dichanthium annulatum (Padawni). Alternanthera nodiflora (Kanaphaw), Mangifera indica (Thayat), Microcos paniculata (Mya Yar), Mitragyna diversifolia (Binga), Flemingia sp (Kyi-mee), Desmodium diffusum (Gyat), Echinochola colona (Pazonsar-Myat), Psidium guajava (Malaka), Pterocarpus macrocarpus (Patauk), Senna siamea (Mae-zeli), and Syzygium kurzii (Thabyay).

E.1.8.27. Location 27: 17°18'34.05"N; 97° 3'24.47"E

Source: Environmental Myanmar Cooperative, 2018 Figure E-32 Existing condition of location 27 This area was located at the road of Kyaiktoto-Mawlamyaing road. The plant species observed were Cynodon dactylon (Myaysar-Myat), Cyperus rotundus (Myat-monyin), Echinochola colona (Pazonsar-Myat), Desmodium diffusum (Gyat), Pennisetum pedicellatum (Myat Bie Daung), Abutilon indicum (Bauk-khwe), Ageratum conyzoides (Khwe-thay-pan), Carallia brachiate (Mani Awbar), Glochidion sp (Ta-min-soke). Tamarindus indica (Magyi), Cynodon dactylon (Myaysar-Myat), and Emblica officinalis (Zi-phyu).

127 E.1.9. Plant Species A total of 129 plant species were recorded along the proposed road. Most of the plant species were common to the region and a small number of tree species were observed at Kyaikto segment. Almost all part of the area between Bago and Sittaung River were covered with rice field, and the area included grass, herb and small plant species. The grass species were Andrapogan brevifolius L., Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers., Cyperus rotundus L., Echinochloa crus-galli (L.) P. Beauv., Echinochola colona L. Link., Eleusine indica L., Eragrostella bifaria Wt., and Virgaatus sp. Stapf. The common herb species noted along the proposed road were Abutilon indicum (L.) Sweet., Alocasia sp., Centella asiatica (L.) Urb., Chromolaena odorata (L.) R.M. King & H Robinson, Cleome burmanii Wight & Arn, Eclipta alba (L.) Hassk., Euphorbia hypericfolia L., Heliotropium indicum L., Hyptis suaveolens (L. ) Poit., Indigofera atropurpurea Bucb-Ham., Physalis minima L., Physalis minima L., Tridax procumbens L., and Triumfetta bartramia L. The common shrub species include Clerodendrum indicum (L.) Kuntze, and Ricinus communis L. Plants that were observed are shown below.

Hevea braziliensis (rubber) Elaeis guineensis (Si ohn)

Tectona grandis (Kyun) Anacardium occidentale L. (Thiho)

Piper betle L. (Kunn) Citrus maxima (Burm.) (Kwekaw)

128

Oryza sativa L. (Sabar) Heliotropiumindicum L. (Sin-na-maung)

Physlis minima L. (Bauk pin) Tridax procumbens L. Hmwe zoke

Alternanthera nodiflora R. Br. Eclipta alba (L.) Hassk. (Kyate hman) (kanaphaw)

Costus speciosus Sm. Centella asiatica L. (Myinkhwar) (Phalaungtaungmwe)

129

Alocasia sp. (Pein) Cyperus rotundus L. (Myet-mom-nyin)

Eichhornia crassipes (Marts.) (Beda) Eragrostis bifaria Wt. (Myetmwe) Source for all above photos:: Environmental Myanmar Cooperative, 2018 Table E-1 Shrubs and Grasses Scientific Name Family Name Local Name Type IUCN Red List Status Eichhornia crassipes (Marts.) Pontederiaceae Bae-da AH NE Solms Dendrocalamus longispathus Poaceae Wanet B NE (Kurz) Kurz Acacia megaladena Desv. Mimosaceae Su-yit CI NE Cocculus villosus DC. Menispermaceae Kywet- CL NE Nabaung Convolvulus arvensis L. Convolvulaceae Kouk-yoe- CL NE newl Derris trifoliata Lour. Fabaceae New-net CL NE Hygrophila phlomoides Nees Acanthaceae Migyaung- CL NE new Mimosa pudica L. Mimosaceae Hti-ka-yone CL LC Momordica charantia L. Cucurbitaceae Kyat-hin-khar CL NE Streptocaulon tomentosum Wight Asclepiadaceae Myin-sagon-ni CL NE Clitoria ternatea L. Fabaceae Aung-me-nyo Cl NE

130 Scientific Name Family Name Local Name Type IUCN Red List Status Argyreia capitiformis (Poir.) Convolvulaceae Nwel-Pauk Cr NE ooststr. Selaginlla martensii L. Selaginelaceae Kyauk-pan F NE Andrapogan brevifolius L. Poaceae Zein-Myat G NE Arundinella birmanica Hook. f. Poaceae Myat-pauk G NE Cymbopogon citratus (DC.) Stapf Poaceae Sabalin G NE Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers. Poaceae Myaysar-Myat G NE Cyperus rotundus L. Poaceae Myat-monyin G LC Dichanthium annulatum (Forssk.) Poaceae Padaw-ni G NE Stapf Echinochloa crus-galli (L.) P. Poaceae Myat-cho G NE Beauv. Echinochola colona L. Link. Poaceae Pazonsar- G NE Myat Eleusine indica L. Poaceae Sinngo-myet G LC Eragrostella bifaria Wt. Poaceae Thaman myet G NE Eragrostis bifaria Wt.ex Steud. Poaceae Myat-mwel G NE Imperata cylindrica (L.) P. Beauv. Poaceae Thekke G NE Oryza sativa L. Poaceae Saba G NE Pennisetum pedicellatum Trin Poaceae Myat Bie G NE Daung Phragmites karka Roxb. Poaceae Kyu G LC Saccharum spontaneum L. Poaceae Kine G LC Thysanolaena maxima (Roxb.) Poaceae Tamyat-si G NE Kuntze Virgaatus sp. stapf Poaceae Myat-nan G NE Abutilon indicum (L.) Sweet. Malvaceae Bauk-khwe H NE Ageratum conyzoides L. Asteraceae Khwe-thay- H NE pan Alocasia sp. Araceae Pein H NE Aloe vera L Aloeaceae Shazaung-let- H NE pat Alternanthera nodiflora R. Br. Amaranthaceae Kanaphaw H LC Angustiafolium vahl. Oleaceae Taw Zabai H NE Canna indica L. Cannaceae Budatharana H NE Celosia cristata L. Amaranthaceae Kyat Mauk H NE Centella asiatica (L.) Urb. Apiaceae Myin-khwa H LC

131 Scientific Name Family Name Local Name Type IUCN Red List Status Chromolaena odorata (L.) R.M. Asteraceae Bezet H NE King & H Robinson Clematis cadmia Buch - Ham. Ranunculaceae Pwint phyu H NE Nwel Cleome burmanii Wight & Arn Capparaceae Taw-hingala H NE Cleome viscosa L. Capparaceae Gant-gala H NE Coleus blumei Benth. Lamiaceae Kadiba- H NE ywethla Commelina sp. Commelinaceae Wet-kyut H LC Costus speciosus Sm. Zingiberales Pa-laung- H NE taung-hmwe Crinum asiaticum L. Amaryllidaceae Koyan-gyi H NE Eclipta alba (L.) Hassk. Asteraceae Kyate-hman H DD Euphorbia hypericfolia L. Euphorbiaceae Hmin-sae H NE Heliotropium indicum L. Boraginaceae Sin-hna- H NE maung Hygrophila auriculata (Schum.) Acanthaceae Su-padaung H LC Heine Hyptis suaveolens (L. ) Poit Lamiaceae Nan-saw H NE Indigofera atropurpurea Bucb- Fabaceae Mae-yine H NE Ham. Jussiaea suffruticosa Linn Onagraceae Taw-lay-nyin H NE Murraya koenigii (L.) Spreng. Rutaceae Pyin-daw- H NE thein Musa sapientum L. Musaceae Nga-pyaw H NE Phyllanthus urinaria L. Euphorbiaceae Mye-zi-phyu H NE Physalis minima L. Solanaceae Bauk-khwe- H NE kalay Physalis minima L. Solanaceae Bauk-pin H NE Polygonum tomentosum Willd. Polygonaceae Kywe- H LC ngakhaung Polyscias scutellaria (N. L. Burn.) Araliaceae Sonma H NE Fosberg Letthae Rostellularia procumbuns L. Acanthaceae Pan-pyar H NE Ruellia humilis Nutt. Acamthaceae Nagama H NE Tacca leontopetaloides (L.) Dioscoreaceae Balu-taung- H LC Kuntze hmwe Tridax procumbens L. Asteraceae Hmwe-zote H NE

132 Scientific Name Family Name Local Name Type IUCN Red List Status Triumfetta bartramia L. Tiliaceae Kat-si-nal H NE Urtica dioica L. Urticaceae Phat-yar H NE Abelmoschus esculentus (L.) Malvaceae Yone-pa-di S NE Moench Acacia pennata (L.) Willd. Fabaceae Subok S NE Acacia rugata Buch.-Ham. Mimosoideae Kin-mon-chin S NE Capsicum annuum L. Solanaceae Nga-yoke S NE Clerodendrum indicum (L.) Verbenaceae Ngayan-padu S NE Kuntze Desmodium diffusum DC. Fabaceae Gyat S NE Dillenia indica L. Dilleniaceae Tha-byut-chin S NE Glycosmis pentaphylla Correa Rutaceae O-bok S NE Hibiscus sabdariffa L. Malvaceae Chin-baung-ni S NE Jasminum sambac (L.) Ait. Oleaceae Sabe S NE Jasminum sp. Oleaceae Taw-sabe S NE Nerium oleander L. Apocynaceae Nwel-thargi S NE Pueraria collettii Prain Fabaceae Chin-yar S NE Tephrosia purpurea pers. Fabaceae Tapin-shwehti S NE Ureana lobata L. Malvaceae Chin-baung S NE AH=aquatic herb; B=bamboo; CL=climber; CR=creeper; DD=Data Deficient; F=fungi; G=grass; H=herb; LC=Least Concern; LR=Lower Risk; NE=Not Evaluated; S=shrub;

E.1.10. Tree Species The tree species record were only in a small number; most of the plant species were grass, herb and shrub species which were found as large cover of the vegetation areas. The plant species recorded in plantation areas were Hevea braziliensis and Elaeis guineensis Jacq. The orchard plant species recorded was Anacardium occidentale L. Table E-2 Mature Trees

Scientific Name Family Name Local Name Type IUCN Red List Status Acacia auriculiformis A. Cunn. Fabaceae Orisha T LC Acacia mangium Willd Fabaceae Mangan-shar T NE Acaciamangium Willd Fabaceae Malashar- T NE patauk-phyu Albizia procera (Roxb.) Banth. Fabaceae Sit T NE Anacardium occidentale L. Anacardiaceae Thiho T NE

133 Scientific Name Family Name Local Name Type IUCN Red List Status Anthocephalus morindaefolius Rubeaceae Ma U T NE Korth. Antidesma bunius (L.) Spreng. Euphorbiaceae Kin-Ba-Lin T NE Artocarpus heterophyllus Lam. Moraceae Pain-nel T NE Azadirachta indica A. Juss. Meliaceae Tama T NE Bombax ceiba L. Bombacaceae Let-pan T NE Buchanania lanzan Spreng. Anacardiaceae Lunbo T NE Butea monosperma Papilionaceae Pauk T NE (Lam.)O.Ktze. Careya arborea Roxb. Lecythidaceae Ban-bwe T NE Carica papaya L. Caricaceae Thinbaw T NE Citrus maxima (Burm) Rutaceae Kywekaw T NE Delonix regia (Bojer ex Hook.) Fabaceae Sein-pan T LC Raf. Elaeis guineensis Arecaceae Si ohn T NE Eucalyptus camaldulensis Myrtaceae Eu-ca-lit T NE Dehnh. Flemingia sp. Fabaceae Kyi-mee T NE Hevea brasiliensis Muell. Moraceae Rubber T NE Leucaena leucocephala (Lam.) Mimosaceae Awaya T NE De Wit Litsea monopetala (Roxb.) Lauraceae Ohn Don T NE Pers. Mimusops elengi L. Sapotaceae Khayay T NE Moringa oleifera Lam. Moringaceae Dantalon T NE Piper attenuatum Buch.-Ham. Piperaceae Sayoe T NE Pterospermum semisagittatum Sterculiaceae Nagye T NE Buch.-Ham Samanea saman (Jacq.) Merr. Fabaceae Kokko T NE Strychnos nux-blanda A.W.Hill Loganiaceae Ka-baung T NE Syzygium kurzii (Duthie) Myrtaceae Thabyay T NE N.P.Balakr. Tamarindus indica L. Fabaceae Magyi T NE Tectona grandis L. f. Verbenaceae Kyun T NE Terminalia catappa L. Combretaceae Banda T NE

Source: EMC Co., Ltd.

134 AH=aquatic herb; B=bamboo; CL=climber; CR=creeper; DD=Data Deficient; F=fungi; G=grass; H=herb; LC=Least Concern; LR=Lower Risk; NE=Not Evaluated; S=shrub; ST=small tree; T=tree

Table E-3 Small Trees Scientific Name Family Name Local Name Type IUCN Red List Status Acacia Chundra (Rottler) Willd Mimosaceae Gandaya ST NE Aglaia odorata Lour. Meliaceae Thanakhar ST LR Areca catechu L. Arecaceae Kun-thi-pin ST NE Averrhoa carambola L. Oxalidaceae Zaung ya ST NE Bauhinia acuminata L. Caesalpiniaceae Phalan ST LC Glochidion sp. Euphorbiaceae Ta-min-soke ST NE Lannea coromandelica (Houtt.) Anacardiaceae Nann Bo ST NE Merr. Microcos paniculata L. Tiliaceae Mya Yar ST NE Morinda citrifolia L. Rubiaceae Yeyo ST NE Oroxylum indicum (L.) Kurz Bignoniaceae Kyaung-sha ST NE Plumeria rubra L. Apocynaceae Tayoke-sakar ST NE Psidium guajava L. Myrtaceae Malaka ST NE Ricinus communis L. Euphorbiaceae Kyetsu ST NE Ziziphus rugosa Lam. Rhamnaceae Taw Zi ST NE

Table E-4 Plantation and orchard Trees IUCN Local Scientific Name Family Name Type Red List Remark Name Status Hevea braziliensis Euphorbiaceae Rubber T NE Plantation Elaeis guineensis Jacq Arecaceae Si Ohne T NE Plantation Anacardium occidentale Anacardiaceae Thiho T NE L. Orchard

Source: EMC Co., Ltd. IUCN=International Union for Conservation of Nature; NE=Not Evaluated; T=tree

The numbers of affected trees are given in the table below.

135 Quantity of Affected Trees Households with Quantity of affected trees trees affected No. of Townships Village Tracts/Ward Villages No. of Fruit Timber No. of AHs No. of APs trees Total trees (tree) (tree) Bago Yat Kwat Gyi Koe Mon Su 11 61 4 727 731 Bago Outsetee (West) Outsetee (West) 5 27 6 1 7 Bago Zay Nyaung Pin Outsetee (East) 3 17 3 3 6 Bago Mote Ka La Mote Ka La 4 16 12 26 38 Subtotal of Bago 23 121 25 757 782 Thanatpin Auk Su Auk Su 7 34 10 77 87 Thanatpin Phaye Phaye 4 36 3 9 12 Thanatpin Zay Paeing Zay Paeing 2 11 1 1 2 Thanatpin Sonpi Sonpi 6 24 40 61 101 Thanatpin Kha Yan Kha Yan 2 17 2 42 44 Thanatpin Min Ywar kyaung su Min Ywar kyaung su 11 61 42 187 229 Subtotal of Thanatpin 32 183 98 377 475 Waw Nyaung Thone Gwa Nyaung Thone Gwa 10 55 42 113 155 Waw Moe Nat Moe Nat 1 8 15 1 16 Waw Moe Nat Ma War Tae Su 1 6 5 42 47 Waw Moe Nat Kyar Nyo Kan 10 89 189 309 498 Waw Nyaung Kine Nyaung kine 5 30 26 493 519 Waw Ka Dut Ka Dut 8 60 477 105 582 Waw Htain Ta Pin Htain Ta Pin (Ywar Thit) 2 12 1 1 2 Waw Bo Ka Daw Bo Ka Daw 4 25 28 9 37 Waw Kyone Yae Kyone Yae 3 28 7 16 23 Waw Zee Phyu Kone Zee Phyu Kone 11 79 90 41 131 Waw Taw Gyi Taw Gyi 1 4 8 9 17 Waw Shan Khaing Shan Khaing 7 42 15 150 165 Subtotal of Waw 63 438 903 1,289 2,192 Kyaikto Kha Lun Kha Lun 31 143 15,700 68,328 84,028 Kyaikto Pyin Ga Toe Kone Pyin Ga Toe Kone 1 6 85 - 85 Kyaikto Kha Lun Kyar Inn Lay 5 21 17 5,300 5,317 Kyaikto Ma Hlauk Chaung Nat Gyi Seik 6 26 9,618 81 9,699 Kyaikto Hle Lan Ku Sein Ka Lae 11 45 9,664 9,906 19,570

Kyaikto Hle Lan Ku Bite kar 11 58 361 1,743 2,104 Subtotal of Kyaikto 65 299 35,445 85,358 120,803 Total 183 1,041 36,471 87,781 124,252 Source: The Consultants, 2018 Of these trees, most occur on private land and some occur on public (or state land). Of the land to be acquired 4% is state land. The types and numbers of trees on private and public land respectively is given in the table below. Table E-5 Trees Belonging to Households and State Quantity of affected trees Types of trees Households Public - Rubber 17,782 - Bamboo 11,179 4,235 - Rain tree 21 216

136 - Livistona 35 207 - Teak tree 80 - Acacia Manglum 2,569 - Other timber trees 104 44 - Piper betel 82,610 - Mango 621 - Betel nut tree 188 - Pomelo 1,852 - Banana 1,670 - Palm oil tree 39 - Durian and 226 rambutan - Other fruit trees 575 Total 119,550 4,702 Source: The Consultants, 2018

E.1.11. Bird species A total of 47 bird species was recorded along the proposed road. Most of of the bird species recorded were common to the region and threatened species were not found during the survey period. One endemic species, turdoides gularis, was observed at some segments of the proposed new road. Two near-threatened (NT) species of Anhinga melanogaster (Oo pan) and Ploceus hypoxanthus (Sar war) were observed at some segments of the proposed road. Table E-6 Bird species recorded during the survey period Sr. Common IUCN No Scientific name Local name Family name status . Fulvous 1 Dendrocygna bicolor Whistling Sis Sa Li Anatidae LC Duck Asian Nettapus 2 Pygmy Ka La Gat Anatidae LC coromandelianus Goose White- Yae Kyat Amaurornis 3 breasted Ma Yin Rallidae LC phoenicurus Waterhen Phyu 4 Gallicrex cinerea Watercock Baung Toke Rallidae LC Asian Kha Yu 5 Anastomus oscitans Ciconiidae LC Openbill Toke Little Phalacrocoracida 6 Microcarbo niger Din Gyi LC Cormorant e 7 Egretta garzetta Little Egret Byaing Ardeidae LC Kywekyaun 8 Bubulcus ibis Cattle Egret Ardeidae NE g Byaing

137 Sr. Common IUCN No Scientific name Local name Family name status . Ixobrychus Cinnamon 9 Yae Boke Ardeidae LC cinnamomeus Bittern Indian Pond 10 Ardeola grayii Nga Hik Ardeidae LC Heron Oriental 11 Anhinga melanogaster Oo Pann Anhingidae NT Darter Red- 12 Vanellus indicus wattled Tit Ti Tuu Charadriidae LC Lapwing Oriental Thaung 13 Glareola maldivarum Glareolidae LC Pratincole Tinn Common 14 Coturnix coturnix Ngone Phasianidae LC Quail Black- 15 Elanus caeruleus Son Boke Accipitridae LC winged Kite Spotted Joe Lae 16 Streptopelia chinensis necked Columbidae NE Pyouk dove 17 Columba livia Rock Dove Kho Columbidae LC Red Streptopelia 18 Collared Joe Ni Pu Columbidae LC tranquebarica Dove Asian Palm Moe Sar 19 Cypsiurus balasiensis Apodidae LC Swift (Pyan Lwar) 20 Apus nipalensis House Swift Pyan Lwar Apodidae LC Greater 21 Centropus sinensis Boke Cuculidae LC coucal Copper Psilopogon Ngat Pa 22 Smith Ramphastidae LC haemacephalus Dain Barbet Little Green Pa Zinn 23 Merops orientalis Meropidae LC Bee-eater Htoe Chestnet Pa Zinn 24 Merops leschenaulti Headed Htoe Yin Meropidae LC Bee eater War White- 25 Halcyon smyrnensis throated Pain Nyin Alcedinidae LC Kingfisher Rose- 26 Psittacula krameri ringed Kyae Kyoke Psittaculidae LC Parakeet

138 Sr. Common IUCN No Scientific name Local name Family name status . Commom Shwe Pyi 27 Aegithina tiphia Aegithinidae LC Iora Soe Black 28 Dicrurus macrocercus Ngat Taw Dicruridae LC Drongo Dendrocitta Rufous 29 Na Phar Gyi Corvidae LC vagabunda Treepie House 30 Corvus splendens Kyee Kann Corvidae LC Crow Corvus Large-billed Taw Kyee 31 Corvidae LC macrorhynchos Crow Kann Asian 32 Ploceus hypoxanthus Golden Sar War Ploceidae NT Weaver Black- 33 Lonchura malacca headed Sar Wa Dee Estrildidae LC Munia White- 34 Lonchura leucogastra bellied Sar Wa Dee Estrildidae LC Munia House Sar Ka Lay 35 Passer domesticus Passeridae LC Sparrow (Aein Sar) Eurasian Sar Ka Lay 36 Passer montanus Tree Passeridae LC (Aein Sar) Sparrow Zitting 37 Cisticola juncidis Cisticolidae LC Cisticola 38 Prinia inornata Plain Prinia Ngat Lat Ma Cisticolidae LC Common Nan Pyi 39 Orthotomus sutorius Cisticolidae LC Tailorbird Soke Red Vented 40 Pycnonotus cafer Bout Phin Ni Pycnonotidae LC Bulbul Red- 41 Pycnonotus jocosus whiskered Bout Ka Lon Pycnonotidae LC Bulbul Ayeyarwad Bout Sa 42 Pycnonotus blanfordi Pycnonotidae LC y bulbul Mwae White- LC 43 Turdoides gularis throated Zwae Leiothrichidae (Endemic Babbler ) Common 44 Acridotheres tristis Za Yat Sturnidae LC Myna

139 Sr. Common IUCN No Scientific name Local name Family name status . Jungle 45 Acridotheres fuscus Taw Za Yat Sturnidae LC Myna Pied Bush 46 Saxicola caprata Law Char Muscicapidae LC Chat Oriental Tha Pake 47 Copsychus saularis Magpie Muscicapidae LC Lwal Robin Source: EMC Co., Ltd. IUCN=International Union for Conservation of Nature; LC=Least Concern; NE=Not Evaluated; NT=Near Threatened

Cattle egret Asian open bill

Spotted dove Intermediate egret

140

Cattle egret Cotton pygmy goose

Asian golden weaver Rose ringed parakeet

Chestnut headed munia Indian pond heron Source: Environmental Myanmar Cooperative, 2018 for all above photos

E.1.12. Mammal species A total of five mammal species were recorded during the survey period. The species Mus cervicolor, Bandicota indica, Bandicota bengalensis, and Rhizomy spruinosus were noted to occur at the crop land area and the species Callosciurus phayrei was observed at the orchard and plantation areas. Threatened mammal species was not observed in the proposed project area. Table E-7 Mammal species recorded during the survey period Sr. IUCN Scientific name Common name Local name Family No. Red List

141 Fawn-colored Kywet 1 Mus cervicolor Muridae NE Mouse PhaLaung Greater 2 Bandicota indica Kywet Kalar Muridae NE Bandicoot Rats Bandicota Lesser Bandicoot 3 Lai-Kywet Muridae NE bengalensis Rat Hoary Bamboo 4 Rhizomy spruinosus Pway Kywet Spalacidae NE Rat 5 Callosciurus phayrei Gray squirrel Shint Sciuridae NE

Source: EMC Co., Ltd. IUCN=International Union for Conservation of Nature; NE=Not Evaluated

E.1.13. Amphibian Species A total of five amphibian species, Rana limnocharis, Occidozyga lima, Bufo melanostictus, Kaloula pulchra. and Rhacophorus sp., were recorded during the survey period. No threatened species was noted in the area. Table E-8 Amphibian species recorded during the survey period Sr. Common IUCN Red Scientific name Local name Family No. name List 1 Rana limnocharis Paddy Frog Sar-phar Ranidae NE Common Phar-pyaung- 2 Occidozyga lima Floating Ranidae LC sin Frog 3 Bufo melanostictus True Frog Phar-pyoke Bufonidae NE Common Phar-kone- 4 Kaloula pulchra Microhylidae LC Bull Frog nyin 5 Rhacophorus sp. Flying Frog Phar-pyan Rhacophoridae NE Source: EMC Co., Ltd. IUCN=International Union for Conservation of Nature; LC=Least Concern; NE=Not Evaluated

E.1.14. Reptile species A total of nine reptile species were noted during the survey period. Among the recorded reptile species, the species Morenia occellata is a threatened turtle species of Myanmar. This species occurs at the aquatic areas of the Bago-Sittaung river basin. The common species listed during the survey period were Calotes versicolor, Gekko gecko and Lygosoma bowringii. Table E-9 Reptile species recorded during the survey period IUCN Sr. Scientific name Common name Local name Family Red No. List 1 Gekko gecko Tockay Gecko Taut-te Gekkonidae NE Poke-thin- 2 Calotes versicolor Changeable Lizard Agamidae NE nyo Bowring’s Supple Kin-late- 3 Lygosoma bowringii Scincidae NE Skink shaw

142 IUCN Sr. Scientific name Common name Local name Family Red No. List Chequered Xenochrophis 4 Keelback Water Ye-myay Natricidae NE piscator Snake Rainbow Water Homalopsida 5 Enhydris enhydris Ye-mwyay LC Snake e Yellow Banded Ngan-taw- 6 Bungarus fasciatus Elapidae LC Krait kyar Daboian russellii Easter Russell’s 7 Myay-pway Viperidae LC siamensis Viper 8 Morenia occellata Eyed Turtle Saut-lake Emydidae VU Zin-chaw- 9 Lissemys scutata Flapshell Turtle Trionychidae DD lake Source: Environmental Myanmar Cooperative, 2018 IUCN=International Union for Conservation of Nature; LC=Least Concern; NE=Not Evaluated; NT=Near Threatened

Frog, Rana limnocharis Lizard Calotes versicolar

Lygosoma bowringii Yellow banded krait Bungarus fasciatus

Source: EMC Co., Ltd. DD=Data Deficient; IUCN=International Union for Conservation of Nature; LC=Least Concern; NE=Not Evaluated; VU=Vulnerable

143

A farmer who hunts the Lesser Bandicoot Bandicota bengalensis Source: For all above phots Environmental Myanmar Cooperative, 2018

E.1.15. Fish species The fishes were recorded by observation, interview surveys and market surveys. The data were also obtained from secondary data available from the universities. A total of 49 fish species were noted for Bago River and 39 fish species for Sittaung River. The fish species recorded in some flood plains connected to the Bago River and Sittaung River were the same species as found in the rivers. No threatened fish species was recorded in the present study. Among the recorded fish species, some commercial species like Notopterus chitala, Catla catla, Cirrhinus mrigala, Sperata acicularis, Wallago attu, Silonia silondia, and Pangasius pangasius were noted. All recorded species are consumed by the people. Table E-10 Fish species recorded for Bago River Sr. Scientific Name Common Name Local Name Families No. 1 Notopterus chitala Humped Nga-phe-khone Notopteridae (Hamilton and featherback Buchanan,1822) 2 N.notopterus Grey featherback Nga-phe Notopteridae (Pallas,1796) 3 Catla catla (Himilton ana Catla Nga-thaing- Cyprinidae Buchanan,1822) gaung-pwa 4 Cirrhinus mrigala (Himilton Mrigal Nga-gyin Cyprinidae and Buchanan,1822) 5 Labeo boga (Himilton and Boga labeo Nga-loo Cyprinidae Buchanan,1822) 6 Labeo calbasu (Himilton Kalbasu,Black Nga-net-pya Cyprinidae and Buchanan,1822) rohu

144 Sr. Scientific Name Common Name Local Name Families No. 7 Labe rohita (Himilton and Rohu Nga-myat-hsan- Cyprinidae buchanan,1822) ni 8 Osteobrama belangeri Pengha Nga-phan-ma Cyprinidae (Valenciennes,1844) 9 O.cotio (Himilton and Cotio Nga-lin-ban Cyprinidae buchanan,1822) 10 P.sarana (Hamilton,1822) Olive barb Nga-khon-ma- Cyprinidae gyee 11 P.sophore Spotfin swamp Nga-khon-ma Cyprinidae (F.Himilton,1822) barb 12 Salmostoma sardinella Sardinella Yin-baung-zar Cyprinidae (Valenciennes,1842) minnow 13 Amblypharyngodon mola Mola carplet Nga-bae-phyu Cyprinidae Hamilton,1822 14 Lepidocephalus thermalis Malabar loach Nga-tha-lae- Cobitidae (Valenciennes,1846) doe 15 Botia histrionica Burmese loach Shwe-sar-yae Cobitidae (Blyth,1861) 16 Sperata acicularis Ferraris Bagrid catfish Nga-jaung Bagridae & Runge, 1999 17 Mystus bleekeri Day's mystus Nga-zin-yaing- Bagridae (Day,1877) kywe 18 M .cavasius (Himilton and Gangetic mystus Nga-zin-yine- Bagridae buchanan,1822) phyu 19 M.microphthalmus (Day, Irrawaddy Nga-ike Bagridae 1877) mystus 20 M. leucophasis Sittangmystus Nga-nauk-thwar Bagridae (Blyth,1860) 21 M. pulcher Pulchermystus Nga-zin-yine- Bagridae (Chaudhuri,1911) kyet-chee 22 Rita sacerdotum Bagrid catfish Nga-htway Bagridae J.Anderson,1879 23 Ompok bimaculatus Indian butter Nga-nu-than Siluridae (Bloch,1797) catfish 24 Wallago attu (Bloch and Boal Nga-butt Siluridae Schneider,1801) 25 Clupisoma garua (Himilton guarchcha Nga-myin-oak- Schibeidae and buchanan,1822) phar 26 C. prateri (Hora,1936) Burmese garua Nga-kyi-dauk Schibeidae 27 Eutropiichthys vacha Batchwa vacha Nga-kun-man Schibeidae (Himilton and buchanan,1822)

145 Sr. Scientific Name Common Name Local Name Families No. 28 Pseudeutropius India potasi Nga-than-geik Schibeidae atherinoides (Bloch,1794) 29 Silonia silondia (Himilton Silondia vacha Nga-myin Schibeidae and buchanan,1822) 30 Pangasius pangasius Pangas catfish Nga-dan Pangasiidae (Hamilton,1822) 31 Bagarius yarrellii Devil catfish Nga-maung-ma Sisoridae (Sykes,1839) 32 Gagata dolichonema ( Yellow catfish Nga-bay-kyar Sisoridae Hamilton,1822 ) 33 G. gagata (Hemilton,1822) Gangetic-gagata Nga-suu-kote Sisoridae 34 Clarias batrachus Walking catfish Nga-khuu Clariidae (Linnaeus,1758 ) 35 Heteropneustes fossilis Asian stinging Nga-gyee Heteropneusti (Bloch,1794) catfish dae 36 Arius acutirostris Catfish Nga-yok Ariidae (Day,1877) 37 Xenentodon cancila Freshwater Nga-phaung- Belonidae (F.hamilton,1822) garfish yoe 38 Parambassis ranga elongate glass Nga-zin-zat Ambassidae (Himilton and perchlet buchanan,1822) 39 Johnius coitor Big-eyedjewfish Nga-pote-thin Sciaenidae (Hemilton,1822) 40 Oreochromis mossambica Mozambique Tilapia Cichlidae (Peters, 1852) cichlid 41 Rhinomugil corsula TN False four- Nga-zin-lone Mugilidae Gill,1863 eyefish 42 Glossogobius giuris Tank goby Ka-tha-boe Gobiidae (Himilton and buchanan,1822) 43 Anabas testudineus Climbing perch Nga-byay-ma Anabantidae (Bloch,1795) 44 Channa punctata Spotted Nga-pa-naw Channidae (Bloch,1793) snakehead 45 C. striatus (Bloch,1793) snakehead Nga-yant Channidae 46 Mastacembelus aral Peacock eel Nga-mway-doe- Mastacembeli (Block&Schneider,1801) byaut dae 47 Macrognathus zebrinus Zebrinus spiny Nga-mway-doe- Mastacembeli (Blyth,1858) eel kyan-sit dae 48 Mastacembelus armatus spiney eel Nga-mway- Mastacembeli (lacepede,1800) nagar dae

146 Sr. Scientific Name Common Name Local Name Families No. 49 Tetarodon cutcutia Ocellated Nga-si-bu Tetraodontida (Hamilton and pufferfish e Buchaan,18220) Source: Environmental Myanmar Cooperative, 2018

Table E-11 Fish species recorded for Sittaung River Sr. Scientific Name Common Local Name Families No. Name 1 N.notopterus Grey Nga-phe Notopteridae (Pallas,1796) featherback 2 Tenulosa ilisha Hilsa Nga-tha-lauk Clupeidae (Hamilton,1822) 3 Gudusia variegata Burmese river Nga-li-pi Clupeidae (Day,1869) shad 4 Cirrhinus mrigala (Himilton Mrigal Nga-gyin Cyprinidae and Buchanan,1822)

5 Labeo boga (Himilton and Boga labeo Nga-loo Cyprinidae Buchanan,1822) 6 L.calbasu (Himilton and Kalbasu,Black Nga-net-pya Cyprinidae Buchanan,1822) rohu 7 L.rohita (Himilton and Rohu Nga-myat- Cyprinidae buchanan,1822) hsan-ni 8 Osteobrama belangeri Pengha Nga-phan-ma Cyprinidae (Valenciennes,1844) 9 O.cotio (Himilton and Cotio Nga-lin-ban Cyprinidae buchanan,1822) 10 P.sophore Spotfin swamp Nga-khon-ma Cyprinidae (F.Himilton,1822) barb 11 Salmostoma sardinella Sardinella Yin-baung-zar Cyprinidae (Valenciennes,1842) minnow 12 Amblypharyngodon mola Mola carplet Nga-bae-phyu Cyprinidae Hamilton,1822 13 Lepidocephalus thermalis Malabar loach Nga-tha-lae- Cobitidae (Valenciennes,1846) doe 14 Botia histrionica Burmese loach Shwe-sar-yae Cobitidae (Blyth,1861) 15 Sperata acicularis Ferraris Bagrid catfish Nga-jaung Bagridae & Runge, 1999 16 Mystus bleekeri Day's mystus Nga-zin-yaing- Bagridae (Day,1877) kywe

147 Sr. Scientific Name Common Local Name Families No. Name 17 M .cavasius (Himilton and Gangetic Nga-zin-yine- Bagridae buchanan,1822) mystus phyu 18 M. leucophasis Sittangmystus Nga-nauk- Bagridae (Blyth,1860) thwar 19 M. pulcher Pulchermystus Nga-zin-yine- Bagridae (Chaudhuri,1911) kyet-chee 20 Ompok bimaculatus Indian butter Nga-nu-than Siluridae (Bloch,1797) catfish 21 Wallago attu (Bloch and Boal Nga-butt Siluridae Schneider,1801) 22 Eutropiichthys vacha Batchwa Nga-kun-man Schibeidae (Himilton and vacha buchanan,1822) 23 Pseudeutropius India potasi Nga-than-geik Schibeidae atherinoides (Bloch,1794) 24 Gagata dolichonema ( Yellow catfish Nga-bay-kyar Sisoridae Hamilton,1822 ) 25 G. gagata Gangetic- Nga-suu-kote Sisoridae (Hemilton,1822) gagata 26 Clarias batrachus Walking catfish Nga-khuu Clariidae (Linnaeus,1758 ) 27 Heteropneustes fossilis Asian stinging Nga-gyee Heteropneustidae (Bloch,1794) catfish 28 Arius acutirostris Catfish Nga-yok Ariidae (Day,1877) 29 Xenentodon cancila Freshwater Nga-phaung- Belonidae (F.hamilton,1822) garfish yoe 30 Parambassis ranga elongate glass Nga-zin-zat Ambassidae (Himilton and perchlet buchanan,1822) 31 Johnius coitor Big- Nga-pote-thin Sciaenidae (Hemilton,1822) eyedjewfish 32 Oreochromis mossambica Mozambique Tilapia Cichlidae (Peters, 1852) cichlid 33 Rhinomugil corsula TN False four- Nga-zin-lone Mugilidae Gill,1863 eyefish 34 Glossogobius giuris Tank goby Ka-tha-boe Gobiidae (Himilton and buchanan,1822) 35 Anabas testudineus Climbing perch Nga-byay-ma Anabantidae (Bloch,1795) 36 C. striatus (Bloch,1793) snakehead Nga-yant Channidae

148 Sr. Scientific Name Common Local Name Families No. Name 37 Macrognathus zebrinus Zebrinus spiny Nga-mway- Mastacembelidae (Blyth,1858) eel doe-kyan-sit 38 Mastacembelus armatus spiney eel Nga-mway- Mastacembelidae (lacepede,1800) nagar 39 Tetarodon cutcutia Ocellated Nga-si-bu Tetraodontidae (Hamilton and pufferfish Buchaan,18220) Source: Environmental Myanmar Cooperative, 2018

Osteobrama cunma Glosogobius giuris

Macrognathus aral Mystus cavasius

Ompok bimaculatus Notopterus Notopterus

Xenentodon cancila

149

Wallago attu

Mastacembelus armatus Heteropneustes fossilis Source for all above fish photos: Environmental Myanmar Cooperative, 2018

E.1.16. Overview of Biodiversity Findings The areas between Bago and Sittaung Rivers were flat and some parts were flooded during the survey period. The area was covered with croplands particularly with rice field. The proposed road passed some areas of rubber and oil plam plantation and cashew nut orchard at the Kyaikto segment. Aquatic habitats were observed in Bago and Sittaung Rivers and related water bodies. Large area of the proposed road was situated in cropland habitat and the proposed road passed small patches of plantation and orchard habitats.

E.1.16.1. Plants A total of 129 plant species were recorded along the proposed road. Most of the plant species were common to the region and a small number of tree species were observed at Kyaikto segment. Almost all of the area between Bago and Sittaung river was covered with rice field, and the area included grass, herb and small plant species. The grass species were Andrapogan brevifolius (L.), Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers., Cyperus rotundus (L.), Echinochloa crus-galli (L.) P. Beauv., Echinochola colona (L.) Link., Eleusine indica (L.), Eragrostella bifaria Wt., and Virgaatus sp. Stapf. The common herb specied noted along the proposed road were Abutilon indicum (L.) Sweet., Alocasia sp., Centella asiatica (L.) Urb., Chromolaena odorata (L.) R.M. King & H Robinson, Cleome burmanii Wight & Arn, Eclipta alba (L.) Hassk., Euphorbia hypericfolia (L.), Heliotropium indicum (L.), Hyptis suaveolens (L. ) Poit., Indigofera atropurpurea Bucb-Ham., Physalis minima (L.), Physalis minima (L.), Tridax procumbens (L.), and Triumfetta bartramia (L.). The common shrub specie include Clerodendrum indicum (L.) Kuntze, and Ricinus communis (L.). The tree species recorded were only a small number; most of the plant species were grass, herb and shrub species which were found as large cover of the vegetation areas. The plant species recorded in plantation areas were Hevea braziliensis and Elaeis guineensis Jacq. The orchard plant species recorded was Anacardium occidentale L. Two plantation tree species of Hevea braziliensis and Elaeis guineensis Jacq, and one orchard tree species of Anacardium occidentale (L.) were noted at Kyaikto segment.

E.1.16.2. Birds A total of 47 bird species were recorded along the proposed road. Most of the bird species recorded were common to the region and threatened species were not found during the survey period. One endemic species, turdoides gularis, was observed at some segments of the proposed new road. Two near-threatened species of Anhinga melanogaster (Oo pan) and Ploceus hypoxanthus (Sar war) were observed at some segments of the proposed road.

150 E.1.16.3. Mammals A total of five mammal species were recorded during the survey period. The species Mus cervicolor, Bandicota indica, Bandicota bengalensis, Rhizomy spruinosus were noted to occur at the crop land area and the species Callosciurus phayrei was observed at the orchard and plantation areas. Threatened mammal species was not observed in the proposed project area.

E.1.16.4. Amphibian A total of five amphibian species, Rana limnocharis, Occidozyga lima, Bufo melanostictus, Kaloula pulchra. and Rhacophorus sp., were recorded during the survey period. No threatened species was noted in the area.

E.1.16.5. Reptiles A total of nine reptile species were noted during the survey period. Among the recorded reptile species, the species Morenia occellata is a threatened turtle species of Myanmar. This species occurs at the aquatic areas of the Bago-Sittaung river basin. The common species listed during the survey period were Calotes versicolor, Gekko gecko and Lygosoma bowringii.

E.1.16.6. Fish The fishes were recorded by observation, interview surveys and market surveys. The data were also obtained from secondary data available from the universities. A total of 49 fish species were noted for Bago River and 39 fish species for Sittaung River. The fish species recorded in some flood plains connected to the Bago river and Sittaung river were same species of the rivers. No threatened fish species was recorded in the present study. Among the recorded fish species, some commercial species like Notopterus chitala, Catla catla, Cirrhinus mrigala, Sperata acicularis, Wallago attu, Silonia silondia, Pangasius pangasius are noted.

151 F. Appendix F CRVA

Climate Resilient Vulnerability Assessment I. BASIC PROJECT INFORMATION Project Title: Myanmar: Greater Mekong Subregion East- West Economic Corridor Highway Development Project TA-9314 MYA: Bago-Kyaikhto link Project Budget: $560 million Project Location(s): Bago region and Mon state in south of Myanmar Sector: Transport Subsector: Road Transport (non-urban) Strategic Agenda: Inclusive economic growth (IEG) Subcomponents: Pillar 2: Access to economic opportunities. Brief Description of the Project: The Government of Myanmar (GoM) has an overall strategy for improving transport infrastructure as a means of generating economic growth. An important part of this has been a commitment to the Greater Mekong Subregion (GMS) planning concept in which connectivity between regional countries is to be greatly improved. A major opportunity has been identified within the East-West Economic Corridor (EWEC) located in the south of Myanmar. This aligns well with both the ‘National Transport Sector Development Master Plan (2015)’ and the ‘Master Plan for Arterial Road Network Development’ produced by the Ministry of Construction (2016). A JICA study of the corridors between Bago and Kyaikto in 2016 confirmed the viability of the major investment needed in broad terms. This project is a more focused ‘feasibility’ study of the Bago-Kyaikto route. This is closely coordinated with the team appointed by JICA, who are studying the requirements for a major new bridge over the Sittaung River needed as part of the Bago-Kyaikto link. This project involves construction of a new arterial highway shorter by 32km than the current alignment which will halve travel time. The new arterial highway will be about 73 km long, and includes a 2.3 km bridge over the Sittaung river financed by JICA. The Right of Way (ROW) and corridor of impact (COI) lies within Bago Region and part of Mon State. There is a 3 km wide corridor of impact within which a 100m wide right of way boundary will be established. The road will follow the alignment given in the previous JICA Prefeasibility Study. The road will begin nine kilometres south of Bago on the Yangon to Mandalay Road (National Highway-1) in the Village of Gwayt Tan Shey. There will be an interchange there that will allow traffic to enter the Bago to Kyaikto Road on a flyover structure or to continue on National Highway-1. The Yangon to Bago Railway tracks must be crossed then the Bago River. Both will require bridges. The area within Bago Region is flat with rice fields and fish ponds. At the Bago to Thalyin Road crossing it is proposed to have an interchange. This will allow access to the highway from Bago City and Thanatpin and serve traffic from further south and the Yangon Region. The area is flat throughout the remainder of Thanatpin Township and into Waw Township. The section of the alignment in Waw Township goes between many village centres crossing through the following Village Tracts, Nyaung Thone Gwa, Moe Net, Nyaung Kaing, Ka Dut, Bo Ka Taw, Kyon Ye, Zee Hpyu Kone and finally Win Ka Dat where it meets the JICA funded new Sittaung Bridge.

152 The JICA part of the alignment is about 3km long and crosses the Sittaung River into Mon State. This is part of Thaton District and Kyaikto Township. The alignment passes through the villages of Sut Pa Nu, Kha Lun, Kyaik Ka Thar, Ma Lawt Chaung, Moke Kha Mu, Bo Yar Gyi, Hle Lan Ku, Kwin Ka Lay, Hpet Ka Leik and finally ending in Kyun Taw which is just south east of Kyaikto on the Yangon to Mawlamyine (National Highway-8).

II. CLIMATE CHANGE TRENDS AND PROJECTIONS

A. Climate Variability (Historic Trends) in Myanmar a. Regional Differences Myanmar experiences a tropical-monsoon climate with three dominant seasons: the March to May hot season, the June to October wet season and the November to February cool season. Myanmar consists of eight major physiographic regions: The Ayeyarwaddy Delta, Central Dry Zone, Northern Hilly Region, Rakhine Coastal Region, Eastern Hilly Region, Southern Coastal Region, Yangon Deltaic Region, and Southern Interior Region. There are pronounced regional differences in climate. The Central Dry Zone is a large inland swath of the country that is prone to extreme heat events and drought. The rainy coasts, such as the Rakhine, Southern Coastal and Yangon Deltaic areas, are slightly cooler in annual average temperature but are prone to flooding. Further inland are the cooler Northern and Eastern Hilly regions, which experience heat waves, droughts and floods which can lead to landslides. b. Temperature The Yangon Deltaic Region has the highest mean temperature. Because of its higher elevation, the Northern Hilly Region has the lowest mean and maximum annual temperature. This pattern remains consistent for seasonal temperature, such that the Yangon Deltaic has the highest mean and maximum annual temperatures for the hot, cool and wet seasons. The pattern for the Northern Hilly Region is similar, with the lowest mean and maximum annual temperature for the hot and cool seasons, with only one exception that the wet season has the same mean annual temperature as the Eastern Hilly Region.1 c. Rainfall Myanmar receives most of its rainfall during the wet monsoon season. The hot and cool seasons bring little rainfall, with the cool season especially yielding very little rainfall for all regions. In the hot and cool seasons, the Southern Coastal Region receives the most rainfall, with the second-highest rainfall observed in the Northern Hilly Region (hot season) and Ayeyarwaddy Delta (cool season). The highest annual precipitation is observed in the Rakhine Coastal Region, followed by the Ayeyarwaddy Delta, with the same pattern being observed in the wet season. The lowest annual precipitation is observed in the Eastern Hilly Region, followed by the Northern Hilly Region. These regions also receive the lowest wet-season precipitation, with the Eastern Hilly Region receiving the lowest, followed by the Northern Hilly Region. The same pattern is observed during the wet season. In the hot season, the lowest precipitation is observed in the Eastern Hilly Region, followed by the Southern Interior Region. In the cool season, the Southern Interior Region receives the least rainfall, followed by the Yangon Deltaic Region.

1 Assessing Climate Risk in Myanmar, 2017, Authors Radley Horton, Manishka De Mel, Danielle Peters, Corey Lesk, Ryan Bartlett, Hanna Helsingen, Daniel Bader, Pasquale Capizzi, Shaun Martin and Cynthia Rosenzweig, The Leona M. and Harry B. Helmsley Charitable Trust. Myanmar Climate Change Alliance

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National average daily temperatures based on 19 weather stations across Myanmar increased by about 0.25°C per decade during the period 1981-2010, and daily maximum temperatures have risen at a slightly faster rate of 0.4°C per decade over the same period. These rates are similar to global averages for the same time period. 2

The coastal regions experience much greater amounts of annual rainfall than inland areas. Coastal areas have experienced an increase of 157mm (4.5%) per decade in annual total rainfall, driven by gains in rainfall during the November-to-May dry season (85mm per decade or 17% per decade) compared to gains during June-to-October monsoon months (72mm per decade or 2.5% per decade).

Compared to coastal areas, increases in inland annual precipitation have been more moderate at 37mm (2.5%) per decade. Globally, increased monsoonal rains are attributed largely to the increase in atmospheric moisture content. Since 1981-2010 annual precipitation totals have increased, implying that rainfall events have become more intense. 3

d. Extreme Events Two extreme events in Myanmar are tropical cyclones and monsoons. A tropical cyclone is a strong, cyclonic-scale disturbance that originates over tropical oceans, which is distinguished from weaker systems by exceeding a threshold wind speed of 32 ms-1 or higher.4 Conditions that induce cyclone formation include high sea surface temperatures above 28°C, a thermodynamically unstable atmosphere, and low vertical wind shear 5. Monsoons are a seasonal phenomenon that generally produce the majority of wet season rainfall within the tropics. A monsoon is defined as a tropical and subtropical seasonal reversal in both the surface winds and associated precipitation, caused by differential heating between a continental-scale land mass and the adjacent ocean.6 e. Tropical Cyclones Tropical cyclones arrive in Myanmar via the Bay of Bengal. An average of 10 tropical cyclones form in the Bay of Bengal each year and historical records show that 6% have landfall in Myanmar 7. There are two peaks in tropical cyclone activity in the region each year. The first occurs just prior to the onset of the monsoon season from April to May, and the second occurs in the post-monsoon season from October to November 8. A devastating extreme event in Myanmar was Cyclone Nargis which hit Myanmar’s Delta Region on 2 May 2008, and ranks among the deadliest cyclones ever to make landfall. Cyclone Nargis was unprecedented in Myanmar. Cyclones in the region typically track to the northwest and hit Bangladesh, usually avoiding the southern coast of Myanmar. This one changed track abruptly to the northeast and made landfall across the Ayeyarwaddy River Delta

2 IPCC 2014 3 Christensen et al., 2014 4 IPCC, 2012 5 Tasnim, K. M., T. Shibayama, M. Esteban, H. Takagi, K. Ohira, and R. Nakamura (2015), Field observation and numerical simulation of past and future storm surges in the Bay of Bengal: case study of cyclone Nargis, Natural Hazards, 75(2), 1619-1647.

6 IPCC, 2014 7 Union of Myanmar, Hazard profile of Myanmar, 2009 8 Fosu, B. O., and Wang, S. Y. S. (2015). Bay of Bengal: coupling of pre-monsoon tropical cyclones with the monsoon onset in Myanmar. Climate Dynamics, 45(3-4), 697-709.

154 where no known cyclones have impacted previously.9 The storm surge is estimated to have been 3-4 meters high and reached 50 kilometres upstream from the mouth of the Yangon River. It was a Category 4 storm with sustained wind speeds of 217km/hour and killed over 140,000 people. 10 f. Monsoons Myanmar is influenced by both the South Asian and East Asian monsoons from which it receives most of its annual rainfall. The summer monsoon accounts for between 75-90% of Myanmar’s total annual rainfall. The monsoon reaches southern Myanmar around the third week of May and withdraws at the beginning of October and is generally considered to be June to September. In an average year, 1790mm of rainfall occurs nationwide. August is the wettest month, followed by July.

B. Climate Change Projections in the Project Area a. NAPA Myanmar’s National Adaptation Programme of Action (NAPA) to Climate Change, 2012 includes the following climate change projections for Myanmar: (i) “an increase in the temperature across the whole country, particularly from December to May with the Central and Northern regions experiencing the greatest increases; (ii) “an increase in clear sky days exacerbating drought periods; (iii) “an increase in rainfall variability during the rainy season including an increase across the whole country from March to November (particularly in Northern Myanmar), and decrease between December and February; (iv) “an increase in the risk of flooding resulting from a late onset and early withdrawal of monsoon events; (v) “an increase in the occurrence and intensity of extreme weather events, including cyclones/strong winds, flood/storm surge, intense rains, extreme high temperatures and drought.” For the climate change scenarios, the period of interest is mid-21st century (2041-2060). Uncertainty associated with future climate change projections is accounted for by considering outputs from different climate models and emissions scenarios, referred to as Representative Concentration Pathways (RCPs). 11 Myanmar ranked second out of 183 countries most affected by extreme weather events between 1995 and 2014 in the Global Climate Risk Index.12 This ranking was mainly due to the damage and loss of life caused by Cyclone Nargis in 2008. Climate projections are a range of possible outcomes, rather than a single number for a time period. Projections are presented as ranges which are estimates based on the outcomes of the 21 global climate models under two greenhouse gas emissions scenarios. The low estimate is the 25th percentile of the 21 global climate models under the RCP 4.5 emissions

9 Shibayama, T., Takagi, H. and Hnu, N. (2010). Disaster survey after the cyclone nargis in 2008. In: Proceedings of the 5th International Conference on Asian and Pacific Coasts, APAC 2009. Vol. 2, World Scientific Publishing Co. Pte Ltd, pp. 190- 193, 5th International Conference on Asian and Pacific Coasts, APAC 2009, Singapore, 13-16 October 2009 10 Lin, I. I., Chen, C. H., Pun, I. F., Liu, W. T., and Wu, C. C. (2009). Warm ocean anomaly, air sea fluxes, and the rapid intensification of tropical cyclone Nargis (2008). Geophysical Research Letters, 36(3). 11 Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change’s (IPCC’s) Fifth Assessment Report (AR5).

12 Kreft, S., Eckstein, D., Junghans, L., Kerestan, C., and Hagen, U. (2014). Global climate risk index 2015: who suffers most From extreme weather events? weather-related loss events in 2013 and 1994 to 2013.In: G. K. Joanne Chapman-Rose, Daniela Baum (Ed.), (pp. 32). Berlin, Germany

155 scenario and the high estimate is the 75th percentile of the 21 global climate models under the RCP 8.5 emissions scenario. b. Average Temperature Projections The average annual temperature in Myanmar is expected to rise over the coming century as a result of climate change, though the magnitude of warming varies by region and season. During the 2011-2040 period, national annual average temperatures are projected to rise by 0.7-1.1°C compared with the 1980-2005 base period, while warming trends may accelerate beyond 2040, raising average temperatures by 1.3-2.7°C. These changes are mean temperatures so that some areas will experience more warming than the average. While the cool (November-February) and hot seasons (March-May) are most likely to warm at a similar rate to the annual average, wet season temperature changes are projected to be smaller. By 2041-2070, wet season (June to October) mean temperatures are projected to increase by 1.1oC to 2-4°C, which is 0.3-0.5°C less than the projected warming during the remainder of the year. c. Average Precipitation Projections Precipitation patterns across Myanmar are projected to change over the coming century. The IPCC Fifth Assessment Report emphasizes the high uncertainty and spatial variation in projected precipitation shifts. Uncertainty in precipitation change is higher than temperature. Current wet season months (June to October) are projected to have more rainfall. Cool season (November to February) and hot season (March to May) precipitation may increase or decrease. The modelling is uncertain. d. Average Sea Level Rise Projections Sea level rise projections have been developed for the Myanmar coastline. Local land subsidence is negligible along much of the coast. Median sea level rise estimates for 2020-2029 time period are 50mm to 130mm above the baseline level. By the 2050-2059 time period, sea level may rise 200mm to 410mm above the baseline. In the 2080-2089 time period, the middle range of projections estimate sea level to be between 370mm to 830mm above the baseline. Global estimates for this time period are 500mm or 0.5m. Myanmar is highly vulnerable to coastal flooding. Increased sea level would carry flooding further inland in the future. It has been estimated by MONREC that a 0.5-meter rise in sea levels could lead to a retreat of the coastline by approximately 10 kilometres in Myanmar's lowest lying areas13. e. Tropical Cyclones Since 1990, the total number of tropical cyclones reaching Myanmar has increased. There are more cyclone events occurring just before the monsoon season, while after the monsoon season the number has decreased.14 Since 1980, cyclones generated in the Bay of Bengal have been more likely to develop into hurricane-force storms, meaning that they reach 119km/hour or greater sustained wind speeds.15 f. Monsoons The monsoon season length is shortening due to its late onset and early withdrawal. The annual rainfall, monsoon rainfall and monsoon strength have decreased, while the number of

13 Ministry of Environmental Conservation and Forestry and Department of Meteorology and Hydrology, 2012 14 Wang, S. Y., Buckley, B. M., Yoon, J. H., and Fosu, B. (2013). Intensification of premonsoon tropical cyclones in the Bay of Bengal and its impacts on Myanmar. Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres, 118(10), 4373-4384. 15 Wang, S. Y., Buckley, B. M., Yoon, J. H., and Fosu, B. (2013). Intensification of premonsoon tropical cyclones in the Bay of Bengal and its impacts on Myanmar. Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres, 118(10), 4373-4384.

156 drought years have also declined. Extreme rainfall in Myanmar has also declined.16 Northern and central Myanmar have experienced the earliest withdrawal of the monsoon, followed by the Delta region and southern Myanmar. Annual precipitation has increased implying that rainfall events have become more intense. Globally, future monsoon onset dates are likely to be either early or remain unchanged, while monsoon retreat dates are likely to be delayed, resulting in the lengthening of the monsoon. However, the opposite is being observed to date in Myanmar, where the monsoon season is shortening due to the late onset and early withdrawal.17 Climate models project a 5-15 percent increase in global monsoon rainfall. Projections show that precipitation gains are most likely to occur during the monsoon season but it is uncertain whether rainfall will change during the cool and hot seasons.

III. CLIMATE RISK, VULNERABILITY AND IMPACT ASSESSMENT (project area)

A. CRVA methodology - Downscaled Climate Projections Yangon Delta Temperature and precipitation projections are based on the NASA Earth Exchange Global Daily Downscaled Projections (NEX-GDDP) dataset released in 2015 (NASA, 2015). It comprises downscaled climate scenarios derived from the General Circulation Model (GCM) runs conducted under the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5 (CMIP5) for two greenhouse gas emissions scenarios RCP 4.5 and RCP 8.5. These simulations were developed in IPCC AR5. The spatial resolution of the dataset is 0.25 degrees or approximately 25 km x 25 km. For Myanmar the two time windows represent 30- year averages of 2011-2040 and 2041-2070. All change factors are relative to the averaged 1980-2005 base period. The low estimate is the 25th percentile under RCP4.5 and the high estimate is the 75th percentile for RCP8.5. Mean temperature °C projected change compared to baseline 1980-2005 average

Yangon Delta Hot Season March to Wet Season June to Cool Season November Region Annual May October to February °C change on 1980-2005 Low High Low High Low High Low High average Estimate Estimate Estimate Estimate Estimate Estimate Estimate Estimate 2011-2040 0.6°C 1.0°C 0.7°C 1.1°C 0.6°C 1.0°C 0.6°C 1.1°C 2041-2070 1.2°C 2.4°C 1.2°C 2.7°C 1.1°C 2.2°C 1.2°C 2.7°C Source data: NASA NEX-GDDP (2015) Mean precipitation projected (%) change compared with baseline 1980-2005 average

Yangon Delta Hot Season Wet Season Cool Season Region Annual February to May June to October November to January % Change on 1980-2005 Low High Low High Low High Low High average Estimate Estimate Estimate Estimate Estimate Estimate Estimate Estimate 2011-2040 0% 12% -12% 19% 1% 11% -29% 14% 2041-2070 5% 24% -4% 17% 5% 26% -5% 15%

16 Hijioka, Y., Lin, E., Pereira, J.J., Corlett, R.T., Cui, X., Insarov, G.E., Lasco, R.D., Lindgren, E., and Surjan, A. 2014. Asia. In: Climate Change 2014: Impacts, Adaptation, and Vulnerability. Part B: Regional Aspects. Contribution of Working Group II to the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change [Barros, V.R., C.B. Field, D.J. Dokken, M.D. 17 Christensen, J. H., Kanikicharla, K. K., Marshall, G., and Turner, J. Climate phenomena and their relevance for future regional climate change, 2013.

157 Note: Low estimate is 25th percentile of model outcomes for RCP4.5 High estimate is 75th percentile of model outcomes for RCP 8.5 Source data: NASA NEX-GDDP (2015) Based on the analysis given an increase of 15% should be applied to all extreme rainfall figures used in the hydrologic assessment. Sea Level Rise Myanmar’s 1,930 kms coastline will experience rising seas and increasingly frequent and extreme hazards, with the low-lying Delta region likely to be most affected. Sea level rise alone will cause larger areas to be inundated during storm surges and coastal floods, even if the intensity of cyclones and coastal storms remain the same. The projections for Myanmar indicate a rise of 20-41cm by the 2050s and 37-83cm by the 2080s, with the highest projected sea level rise for this period almost 1.2 meters.

B. Climate Risk Classification as per detailed assessment – Medium Medium flood risk. The CRVA concludes that an increase of 15% should be applied to all extreme rainfall figures used in the hydrologic assessment. This modification to the hydrology study has been included in the hydraulic analysis and drains increased in size accordingly. Sea level Rise. Over the next 50 years the sea level rise in the vicinity of the JICA bridge is projected to be possibly 40cms. Increased Sea level rise may cause inland flooding due to the back pressure effect on riverine discharges. Embankments have been increased by 40 cms in vertical elevation to raise them above the anticipated future flood height. Low landslide risk. As there are no unstable slopes in the project area there is low to nil chance of landslips induced by heavy precipitation. There are some slopes in Kyaikto but the material is laterite which tends to calcify and so the risk of landslips is low. Low wildfire risk. As there are no extensive areas of natural woodland along most of the alignment there is low to nil chance for wildfire hazard. There are managed plantations in Kyaikto area which may be at risk during the dry season but management apply fire risk reduction measures.

IV. CLIMATE RISK MANAGEMENT RESPONSE (ADAPTATION MEASURES) WITHIN THE PROJECT

A. Contribution of the project to National Climate Resilience Plans The project’s intended mitigation measures are in line with the Myanmar National Adaptation Programme of Action (NAPA) to Climate Change, 2012.

B. Contribution of the project to enhanced climate resilience The project roads will be resilient to climate change by virtue of enhanced drainage capacity and elevated embankment heights.

V. Adaptation Finance Climate adaptation costs for climate adaptation of the project are estimated to amount to $12,769,535 or 3.09% of the project cost. Incremental costs for climate-proofing are included in the cost estimates and will be covered through the project loan. Exact cost estimates will be established at detailed design stage.

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159 G. APPENDIX G QUARRY INVESTIGATIONS

G.1.1. Results of Quarry Investigations

G.1.1.1. U Kyaw Thein Quarry Quarry Name : U Kyaw Thein Location : Win Ka Law Village, Kyaikhto Township, Mon State Coordinates : N 17° 24' 24.1" E 97° 02' 32.4"

Existing License Productivity/Year/Subdrum Environm Constraints ental for Sampling Rock Type Category Validity Issued by Past Current remaining impact extraction

GAD Small Valid ThaHton 1800 1800 10 Acre No No Colleted Grainte District

Photo – 1 : View of U Kyaw Thein Quarry

Photo – 2 : Quarry Licence Source: Table and images by Geo-Friends Engineering and Construction G.1.1.2. U Kyaw Nyein Quarry Quarry Name : U Kyaw Nyein Location : Win Ka Law Village, Kyaikhto Township, Mon State

160 Coordinates : N 17° 24' 08.8" E 97° 02' 41.3"

Existing License Productivity/Year/Subdrum Environm Constraints ental for Sampling Rock Type Category Validity Issued by Past Current remaining impact extraction

GAD Medium Valid ThaHton 3600 3600 7.5 Acre No No Colleted Grainte District

… Photo – 3 : View of U Kyaw Nyein Quarry

Photo – 4 : Quarry Licence

Source: Table and images by Geo-Friends Engineering and Construction

161 G.1.1.3. U Htein Lin Quarry Quarry Name : U Htein Lin Location : Nga Pyaw Taw Village, Kyaikhto Township, Mon State Coordinates : N 17° 23' 33.0" E 97° 07' 11.3"

Existing License Productivity/Year/Subdrum Environm Constraints ental for Sampling Rock Type Category Validity Issued by Past Current remaining impact extraction

GAD Large Valid ThaHton 36000 36000 200 Acre No No Colleted Grainte District

Photo – 5 : View of U Htein Lin Quarry

Photo – 6 : Quarry Licence

Source: Table and images by Geo-Friends Engineering and Construction

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G.1.1.4. U Min Zaw Quarry Quarry Name : U Min Zaw Location : Saung Naing Gyi Village, Kyaikhto Township, Mon State Coordinates : N 17° 26' 19.0" E 97° 02' 11.6"

Existing License Productivity/Year/Subdrum Environm Constraints ental for Sampling Rock Type Category Validity Issued by Past Current remaining impact extraction

GAD Large Valid ThaHton 1080000 1080000 100 Acre No No Colleted Grainte District

… Photo – 7 : View of U Min Zaw Quarry

Photo – 8 : Quarry Licence

Source: Table and images by Geo-Friends Engineering and Construction

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G.1.1.5. U Kyaik Hti Nit @ U Aung Aung Quarry Quarry Name : U Kyaik Hti Nit @ U Aung Aung Location : Thein Zayat Village, Kyaikhto Township, Mon State Coordinates : N 17° 32' 01.0" E 97° 54' 24.4"

Existing License Productivity/Year/Subdrum Environm Constraints ental for Sampling Rock Type Category Validity Issued by Past Current remaining impact extraction

GAD Large Valid ThaHton 1080000 1080000 50 Acre No No Colleted Grainte District

Photo – 9 : View of U Kyaik Hti Nit @ U Aung Aung Quarry

Photo – 10 : Quarry Licence Source: Table and images by Geo-Friends Engineering and Construction

164 G.1.1.6. U Than Chaung @ U Aung Lwin Oo Quarry Quarry Name : U Than Chaung @ U Aung Lwin Oo Location : Upper Kan Ni Village, Kyaikhto Township, Mon State Coordinates : N 17° 28' 38.0" E 96° 55' 29.1"

Existing License Productivity/Year/Subdrum Environm Constraints ental for Sampling Rock Type Category Validity Issued by Past Current remaining impact extraction

GAD Large Valid ThaHton 36000 36000 80 Acre No No Colleted Grainte District

… Photo – 11 : View of U Than Chaung @ U Aung Lwin Oo Quarry

Photo – 12 : Quarry Licence

Source: Table and images by Geo-Friends Engineering and Construction

165 G.1.1.7. Royal Yoma Co., Ltd. Quarry Quarry Name : Royal Yoma Co., Ltd Location : Upper Kan Ni Village, Kyaikhto Township, Mon State Coordinates : N 17° 28' 09.5" E 96° 55' 42.3"

Existing License Productivity/Year/Subdrum Environm Constraints ental for Sampling Rock Type Category Validity Issued by Past Current remaining impact extraction

GAD Large Valid ThaHton 1080000 1080000 100 Acre No No Colleted Grainte District

Photo – 13 : View of Royal Yoma Co., Ltd. Quarry

Photo – 14 : Quarry Licence

Source: Table and images by Geo-Friends Engineering and Construction

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G.1.1.8. Cherry Lwin Co., Ltd. Quarry Quarry Name : Cherry Lwin Co., Ltd. Location : Upper Kan Ni Village, Kyaikhto Township, Mon State Coordinates : N 17° 28' 34.9" E 96° 54' 41.3"

Existing License Productivity/Year/Subdrum Environm Constraints ental for Sampling Rock Type Category Validity Issued by Past Current remaining impact extraction

GAD Large Valid ThaHton 1080000 1080000 100 Acre No No Colleted Grainte District

Photo – 15 : View of Cherry Lwin Co., Ltd. Quarry

Photo – 16 : Quarry Licence Source: Table and images by Geo-Friends Engineering and Construction

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G.1.2. Sand Deposit Sand for construction is available in the project area. The locations of sand deposits are indicated as in Figure F– 4.

Figure G-1 Google earth view of Sand Deposit Locations

Owner : Four Three Location : Win Ka Law Village, Kyaikhto Township, Mon State Coordinates : N 17° 23' 38.2" E 97° 02' 39.8"

Photo – 17 : View of Sand deposit

Owner : U Than Shwe Location : Win Ka Law Village, Kyaikhto Township, Mon State Coordinates : N 17° 23' 33.9" E 97° 02' 37.9"

168

Photo – 18 : View of Sand deposit

Source: Images by Geo-Friends Engineering and Construction

Owner : U Win Bo Location : Win Ka Law Village, Kyaikhto Township, Mon State Coordinates : N 17° 23' 34.5" E 97° 02' 37.5"

Photo – 19 : View of Sand deposit

Owner : U Si Taunt Location : Win Ka Law Village, Kyaikhto Township, Mon State Coordinates : N 17° 23' 35.6" E 97° 02' 36.4"

Photo – 20 : View of Sand deposit

Source: Images by Geo-Friends Engineering and Construction

169 G.1.3. Borrow Areas for Soils To evaluate potential borrow soil areas includes not only the location, extent, and condition of the soil layers but also the elevation of the ground water table and bedrock. The location of borrow soil area is presented in Figure-R-2.

Figure G-2 Google earth view of Borrow Soil Location

Location : Kyaikhto Township, Mon State Coordinates : N 17° 19' 50.4" E 97° 01' 52.6"

Photo – 21 : View of Borrow soil location Source: Images by Geo-Friends Engineering and Construction

G.1.4. Findings of Quarry Survey In all visits no adverse environmental effects were detected at the quarry sites. All quarries had commercial licences.

170

Source: Images by Geo-Friends Engineering and Construction

Figure G-3 Quarry survey Team All quarries had applied to ECD District Office for environmental licences but these had not been issued yet. ECD confirmed that these were still under processing.

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H. Appendix H Stakeholder Consultation 1

Stakeholder Consultation Minutes, Attendance Sheets and Presentation Materials TA-9314 MYA: Greater Mekong Subregion East-West Economic Corridor Highway Development Project

H.1. 24 Jan. 2018: 2:30 PM – Department of Highway (DOH) Bago Township Office Meeting for Preparation for Consultation 2:30 PM – 3:30 PM Participants (i) U Min Lwin Htun, Bago District DOH EE (ii) U Hla Tun, AE, DOH, Bago Township (iii) Daw Phyu Phyu Aung , AE, DOH, Thanatpin Township (iv) Daw Mar Mar Thein, AE, DOH, Waw Township (v) Mr. Timothy Collett, International consultant (Team leader) (vi) U Maung Maung, Local consultant (Assistant Team Leader) (vii) U Aung Hlaing Latt, Local consultant (Social/Resettlement Specialist) (viii) Dr. Khin Lay Swe, Local consultant (Environmental specialist) (ix) U Zaw Min, Assistant Director, Nay Pyi Taw, DOH Discussion for the preparation of the Public Consultation meeting, such as meeting venues, date and time, invitation to the related Township government officials, related Village Tract Administrators, snacks for coffee breaks, and etc. 25 Jan. 2018: Stakeholder Consultation at Bago Time: 9:00 AM – 11:00 AM (Morning Session) Venue: Department of Highway Office Participants: 22 (Total) (a) Participants of the consultancy Team (i) Mr. Timothy Collett, International consultant (Team leader) (ii) U Maung Maung, Local consultant (Assistant Team Leader) (iii) U Aung Hlaing Latt, Local consultant (Social/Resettlement Specialist) (iv) Dr. Khin Lay Swe, Local consultant (Environmental specialist) (v) U Zaw Min, Assistant Director, Nay Pyi Taw, DOH (b) Participants from Township Governmental organizations (i) U Aung Than Zaw, Township Officer, General Administration Department (GAD) (ii) Daw Kyin Thein, Assistant Director, Department of Planning (iii) U Win Maung Maung, Bago City Development Committee (iv) Daw Soe Soe Oo, Deputy Township Officer, Department of Agriculture (v) Daw Cho Cho, Township Officer, Department of Fishery (vi) U Maung Maung Naing Min, Assistant Director, Department of Rural Development (vii) U Zaw Min Tun, Assistant Engineer, Department of Highway, Bago Township (c) Village Tract Administrators from the following villages (i) U Tun Aye, Farmer, Upper (West) Sedee Village Tract (ii) U Chan Min Lat, Upper (East) Sedee Village Tract (iii) U Min Oo, Atwin Chan Village Tract, (iv) U Kyaw Win, Motkala Village Tract, (v) Aung Thu Oo, Kamanat Village Tract,

172 (vi) U Win Naing, Ohbo Village Tract, (vii) U Myint Oo, Sai Tee Village Tract, (viii) U Kyi Swe, Nyaung In Village Tract (ix) U Saw Min Tun, Sai Tee, (x) U Soe Kyi, Nyaung Inn, Agenda The general agenda of the public consultation has two portions – (1) Introduction of the project by explanation of the consultant teams, and (2) discussion session (question and answer) of the participants. For the explanation, the handouts were distributed to all the participants for the dissemination of the information of the project. In addition to the hand-out, Dr. Khin Lay Swe also used a projector for her power point presentation (Power point presentation and hand-out in Myanmar Language and in English were described in separate files). Introduction of the project by the consultant team (1) Mr. Tim Collett. Mr Tim introduced the project which will be implemented soon. He explained that this project will improve the transport and trade in these particular regions and then in the whole country. He also thanked to the government officials and participants from the villages and urged them to support the project to go smoothly. (2) U Maung Maung: He explained the project emphasizing on “Greater Mekong Subregion East-West Economic Corridor, Yangon – Bago – Kyaikto Highway Development Project” which will soon be implemented. The new highway road will be (70 - 76 km) long with four lanes. The travel time will be reduced about 2 hours than the existing road. Some village access roads will be upgraded or improved in the prioritization of importance. (3) U Aung Hlaing Latt: He explained the possible negative impacts of the project to the households directly related with the project area. The new road will pass through some of the farm lands, and when the alignment is chosen, care has been taken to reduce the impacts to the community as low as possible. According to the existing national laws and rules in Myanmar, the government will provide compensation to the affected persons, depending upon the magnitude of negative impacts on their properties. The authority concerned will negotiate with the affected persons until an agreement is achieved. All information will be delivered to the affected persons in a timely manner and discussions will be done thoroughly with local communities. All parties (government/ Ministry of Construction and affected households) should follow the World Bank and ADB’s Involuntary Resettlement and Resettlement Action Plan. (4) Dr. Khin Lay Swe: She briefly explained, with the use of power point presentation and hand-out), the existing environmental conservation laws, environmental conservation rules, and Environmental Impact Assessment procedure and etc., in Myanmar related with the proposed project. For planning and implementing a project, all must comply with the existing laws, rules, regulations, guidelines in Myanmar and as well as Asian Development Bank (ADB) social safeguards policy since the project will be funded with the loans from ADB. There are two main facts needs to be considered – the project should reduce the negative impacts on the environment and social concerns to a low level as much as possible and the project should encourage and promote positive impacts. And she discussed on the anticipated positive and negative impacts of the proposed highway project. The positive impacts are development in transport sector and consequently in marketing in the GMS regions, such as Vietnam, Laos, Thailand and Myanmar. The negative impacts will be loss of farm lands in the affected areas, pollution of air and noise, changes of water and stream courses, disturbance in access of local communities, and etc. She also emphasized on the “Environmental Management Plan’ for the project for the project’s implementation and operation stages, and mitigation measures to be conducted for the negative impacts of the project.

173 (5) U Zaw Min: He briefly explained, as a representative of DOH headquarter in Nay Pyi Taw, the objectives of holding the public consultation. He said that the executing agency of the project is the DOH of the Ministry of Construction (MOC). He emphasized that the suggestion and comments given by all participants will be very valuable and supportive to the project. Only with the public participation, the project can be successful. Discussion Section Question (1): U Min Lwin Tun, EE DOH, Bago Township Because of the heavy machinery for carrying construction materials, the roads will be destroyed if the existing roads are used. The project will construct new roads for transport or use the existing ones? The farmers and local communities will find difficulties for access to their destination because of the disturbance of the new road, and they cannot cross the new road. What will be the solution for the local communities for their easy access? Answer: U Maung Maung: The access for the local communities will be considered as a priority. There will be underpass or overpass wherever suitable place. For this moment, the project is at the beginning stage, and we will confirm the exact information as fast as we can. Question (2): Saw Min Tun, Sai Htee Village Tract Administrator The communities should know the alignment in advance of the meeting so that we can discuss and make preparation for the project. Now we don’t know whether our Village Tract will be passed through by the new Highway or not. Therefore, we have nothing to discuss for this moment. Our village has lack of roads and bridges strong enough for the heavy machinery for transport, which needs to be upgraded. Another issue is that we can manage /adjust the sowing time of rice and pulses when we know the start of the project. It will reduce the crop loss of the farmers. Answer: U Min Lwin Tun, EE, DOH, Bago Township: The road alignment has not been decided yet. This is the very beginning stage and the mission is coming for the introduction of the project. Answer: U Maung Maung: When the project starts, the cost of construction, the compensation and etc. will surely be done. Question (3): U Kyi Swe, Oh Bo Village Tract administrator Our existing rural access roads are not improved yet, only a cart-tract. My concern is the project will upgrade the rural roads or not. Answer: U Maung Maung: Some local roads will be upgraded; and be renovated according to the list of priority. Question (4): U Aung Thu Oo, Lower Sedee Village Tracts These days, due to the advancement of social media, farmers are becoming familiar with several projects. There may be only a few persons who are not satisfied with the proposed project, and against the project. I don’t think it will not be a serious problem which will disturb the project. Answer: U Maung Maung: I would like to ask you for a kind help when we come for survey and analysis for soil strength, and etc. Your cooperation and collaboration is requested. Concluding Remarks by Mr. Tim Collett: We will do our project according to our work plan, and we will let all of you to understand the stages when we start our work. Thank you for your kind participation and we do hope the project will be successfully implemented without any delay.

H.2. 25 Jan. 2018: Stakeholder Consultation at Thanatpin Time: 2:00 PM – 3:30 PM (Afternoon Session)

174 Venue: General Administrative Department Office Participants: 22 (Total) (a) Participants of the consultancy Team (i) Mr. Timothy Collett, International consultant (Team leader) (ii) U Maung Maung, Local consultant (Assistant Team Leader) (iii) U Aung Hlaing Latt, Local consultant (Social/Resettlement Specialist) (iv) Dr. Khin Lay Swe, Local consultant (Environmental specialist) (v) U Zaw Min, Assistant Director, Nay Pyi Taw, DOH 1. (b) Participants from Township Governmental organizations U Than Naing, Township officer, General Administrative Department (i) Daw Phyu Phyu Aung, Assistant Engineer, Department of Highway (ii) Daw Ni Zar, Assistant Engineer, Department of Rural Roads (iii) U Nay Win Aung, Township Officer, Department of Fishery (iv) Daw Shwe Yee Oo, Assistant Township Officer, Department of Rural Development (v) Daw Ester, Assisitant Township Officer, Department of Agriculture (vi) U Tint Naing, Assistant Director, Department of Agricultural Land Management and Statistics (vii) U Tin Tin linn, Executive Committee member, City Development of Committee (viii) Daw Zin Mar Oo. Admin Staff, Irrigation and Water Utilization Department (ix) Daw Aye Aye Twin, Admin Staff, Irrigation and Water Utilization Department (x) U Nay Myo Tun, AE, Irrigation and Water Utilization Department (xi) Daw May Thazin Khaing, Assistant Engineer, DOH 2. (c) Village Tract Administrators from the following villages (i) U Kyaw Soe, Village Tract Administrator, Min Ywa Kyaung Sun Pe Village Tract (ii) U Tun Myint, Pha Yae Village Tract (iii) U Akar Aung Kant, Sun Pe Village (iv) U Thein Tun, Sun Pe Village

Agenda For the “Introduction of the project”, the same agendas as the previous public consultation were undertaken by the consultant team. For the explanation, the handouts were distributed to all the participants for the dissemination of the information of the project. Discussion Session Question (1): U Tin Tin Linn, Executive Committee member, City Development Committee, Thanatpin Township According to the information that Dr. Khin Lay Swe explained our natural environment conditions and the proposed Highway Development Project, we are very much happy and proud of our region. There will be surely improvements in transport sector and marketable goods to flow into the local and international markets. However, I would like to know the map of the proposed project, which areas or regions will be passed through by the new road. Moreover, what kind of the road will be, type of the road – concrete or asphalt or bitumen, etc. – the measurement / width of the road. I would like to know more information about the proposed Highway. We, the City Development Committee have had a town plan including roads and bypass. It is important to know the proposed Highway will be in line with our plan, complementary with each other or not.

175 Answer: U Maung Maung: All information of the proposed Highway, such as measurement, alignment are not officially available yet. The Feasibility Study for the project was done by JICA and the data is available. The Highway will pass through Shan Kaing Village in Waw Township and Sun Pe Village in Thanatpin Township. Question (2): U Tin Tin Linn, Executive Committee member, City Development Committee, Thanatpin Township We have had the experiences of positive and negative impacts of Yangon – Mandalay Expressway construction in the year 2004. We are pleased to know that the project will make efforts to reduce the negative impacts to the lowest level, as much as possible, as explained by the consultant. My suggestion is to take a consideration not to lose the access ways of the farmers and communities, making the underpass or overpass for local communication, wherever necessary. For the project implementation, the various committees for Township administration and monitoring processes should be formed. By doing so, the project can get advice, suggestions and comments from the Township governmental organizations and other civil organizations for the betterment of the project. Answer: U Maung Maung: We will note down the advice and discuss the issues with the project implementing committee.

Question (3): U Tin Tin Linn, Executive Committee member, City Development Committee, Thanatpin Township For giving the compensation of the affected persons, it is better to say “the amount of money relevant to / comply with the laws and regulations, instead of suitable amount of money”. Moreover, there will be an issue of the homeless people who will squatter in the proposed road areas with the hope of compensation. Answer: Than Naing, Township officer, GAD, Thanatpin Township: In Thanatpin Township, such kind of illegal occupation of the right of way is not a common in my township area. The Village Tract Administrators will take care of this issue and it can be protected and solved. Answer: Dr. Khin Lay Swe: I will take a note and I agree with your suggestion for the use of “terms/ wordings for the compensation”. Answer: U Zaw Min: He explained that the road can pass through the agricultural fields of nearby villages. Japanese International Cooperation Agency (JICA) will construct a new Sittaung bridge and it will take care of the related issues. The DOH staffs and consultants will do surveys for the confirmation of the alignment. And the information will be disclosed to the local affected communities and will solve the problems.

H.3. 26 Jan. 2018: Stakeholder Consultation at Waw Time: 9:00 AM – 11:00 AM (Morning Session) Venue: Department of Highway Office, Waw Township Participants: 15 (Total) (a) Participants of the consultancy Team (i) Mr. Timothy Collett, International consultant (Team leader) (ii) U Maung Maung, Local consultant (Assistant Team Leader) (iii) U Aung Hlaing Latt, Local consultant (Social/Resettlement Specialist) (iv) Dr. Khin Lay Swe, Local consultant (Environmental specialist) (v) U Zaw Min, Assistant Director, Nay Pyi Taw, DOH 3. (b) Representatives from the following Government Departments (i) U Naing Tun, Township Officer, General Administrative Department (ii) Daw Mar mar Thein, AE, Department of Highway

176 (iii) Daw Tin Zar Hnin, AE, Department of Highway (iv) Daw Tin Zar Htaike, Admin Staff, Department of Highway (v) U Aye Myint, Township Officer, Department of Township Police (vi) U Han Win, Deputy Officer, Department of Township Police (vii) Daw Mya Thu Zar, Assistant Township Officer, Department of Agriculture (viii) U Than Myat Soe, Assistant Township Officer, Department of Agricultural Land Management and Statistics (ix) U Myint Wai, City Development of Committee (x) U Yae Htin Kyaw, Assistant Township Officer, Department of Irrigation Although the Village tracts administrators of Shan Kaing, Se Phyu Kone and Moe Net Village Tracts were invited, there were no participants of representatives from Village Tracts. U Naing Tun, Township Officer of General Administration Department (GAD), explained that the administrators were not available and busy with “a new election process of the committee for some Village Tracts in Waw Township” and there is a meeting with Chief Minister of Bago Region to attend by the Village Tract administrators. Township GAD officer said that he will inform and share the information of this project to those village Tract Administrators next meeting which will be held next week at the Township GAD office.

Discussion Session Question (1): U Naing Tun, Township Officer, GAD, Waw Township This project will be implemented in the Bago Region. Have you contacted or informed about this project to the Bago Regional Government, the Chief Minister, Ministers or so? If not my advice is to inform the Bago Regional Government first, which is a necessary step, and then we will be instructed and guided by Regional Government to work on this particular project. Answer: U Maung Maung: This is the first time coming to see the Township level local authorities and introducing the project. We have informed and working with Nay Pyi Taw headquarter of Department of Highways, Director General and Deputy Director General, Project Director from the DOH and etc. From Nay Pyi Taw headquarter, a letter of introduction of project was issued about two weeks ago to the related Townships of DOH. The letter says a project mission (including local and international consultants and engineers) will come for a site visit, public consultation, survey and etc., and request to give help and support for the project. Answer: Dr. Khin Lay Swe: We will inform this issue to the Project Director and check whether the Bago Regional Government has been informed for this project or not. I think that this is a government project, implementing agency is Ministry of Construction, and it has already informed the Regional Government. Thank you very much for your message. Question (2): U Naing Tun, Township Officer, GAD, Waw Township There are several projects for Highway Development. It is very confusing to me. Is this the same one of the JICA Project which came just a few months ago? The Project names are the same or not, “Yangon – Bago – Kyaikto” or some other towns, for example Belin, are included, the name of the project is correct? Answer: U Maung Maung: This name “Yangon – Bago – Kyaikto” is an official name and correct. The Highway will not go near Belin Township. The exact alignment has not been selected, but one possibility is it will pass through near “between 3 – 4 mile of Thanatpin and

177 Waw Township. The detailed design will be issued by JICA soon, and we will let the government authorities and local communities know the information when it is available. Answer: U Zaw Min, AE, DOH, Nay Pyi Taw: It will be a continuation of those roads. When all are completed, it will be a continuous way for all regions and states. I have been participated in JICA survey team, and I understand that the projects will be implemented step by step. Question (3): U Naing Tun, Township Officer, GAD, Waw Township I have heard that a new Sittaung River Bridge under this project will pass near an existing gas pipe line. How will you manage for this issue? In our township, most projects and business are run orderly, comply with the rules and regulation. For example, for the construction of communication towers (Oredoo, Telenor, MPT, etc.), the companies followed the instruction, rules and regulation set for the particular business. Answer: Dr. Khin Lay Swe: It is an interesting and important information. I will check the new bridge which will be constructed in the particular place – how many kilometres away from the existing gas pipe line. And it is also important how our Highway will be close to the recently selected the Ramsar Site of Gulf of Mottama in Bago Region and Mon State. If I have a chance, I will go there for a site visit or survey trip of our project. Concluding Remark U Naing Tun, Township Officer, GAD, Waw Township For the development of transport sector, as well as for the communication, the upcoming project discussed today is an important one to go smoothly. For this purpose, the Government Township level officers who joined today meeting will make an effort and give valuable advices and working together for the project implementation process whenever necessary.

H.4. 26 Jan. 2018: Stakeholder Consultation at Kyaikto Time: 2:00 PM – 3:30 PM (Afternoon Session) Venue: General Administrative Department Office Participants: 34 (Total) (a) Participants of the consultancy Team (i) Mr. Timothy Collett, International consultant (Team leader) (ii) U Maung Maung, Local consultant (Assistant Team Leader) (iii) U Aung Hlaing Latt, Local consultant (Social/Resettlement Specialist) (iv) Dr. Khin Lay Swe, Local consultant (Environmental specialist) (v) U Zaw Min, Assistant Director, Nay Pyi Taw, DOH (b) Representatives from the following Department (i) U Aung Swe Myint, Assistant Township Officer, General Administration Department (ii) U Swe Min Tun, Township Officer, Department of Highway (iii) U Kyaw Moe Naing, Assistant Director, Department Of Highway, Thaton District (iv) U Khin Soe, Assistant Township Officer, Department of Rural Development (v) U Ko Ko Naing, Committee Member, City Development Committee (vi) U Thaung Lwan, Township Officer, Forest Department (vii) Daw Thando Ko Ko, Assistant Township Officer, Department of Religious Affairs (viii) U Saw Aung Nay Linn, Assistant Engineer, Department of Electric Engineering (ix) U Maung Maung, Member, Environmental conservation association (Green Association) (x) Daw Nang Thaw Thaw Oo, Township Officer, Department of Communication

178 (i) U Aye Thein, Kyun Taw Village Tract (ii) U Aung Nay Lin, Kaw Lin Village Tract (iii) U Myint Lwin, Kokko Thar Village Tract (iv) U Soe Tin, Kaw Bane Village Tract (v) U Soe Aung, Ma Lawt Chaung Village Tract (vi) U Khin Tun, Bo Yar Gyi Village Tract (vii) U Soe Thet Oo, Thein Za Yat Village Tract (viii) U Win Shwe, yan Ka Boe Kone Village Tract (ix) U Myo Aung, Kha Lun Village Tract (x) U Aye Naing, Suppa Nu Village Tract (xi) U Aung Min Nyunt, Motta Mu Village Tract (xii) U Aung Kyaw Naing, A Kaing Village Tract (xiii) U Mya Thaung, Zeyar Mon Village Tract (xiv) U Thein Naing, Mayan Chaung Village Tract (xv) U Than Win, Sit Taung Village Tract (xvi) U Than Oo, Myauk Paing Village Tract (xvii) U Min Min Aung, Gant Kaw Village Tract (xviii) U Htay Lwin, Kwin Ka Lay Village Tract (xix) U Win Htay Aung, Hle Lan Ku Village Tract Agenda For the “Introduction of the project”, the same agendas as the previous public consultation were taken place by the consultant team. For the explanation, the handouts were distributed to all the participants for the dissemination of the information of the project. The projector was not available for the power point presentation. Discussion Session Question (1): U Min Min Aung, Village Tract Administrator, Kan Kaw Quarter, Kyaikhto According to our previous experiences, most of us are weak in coordination and collaboration for implementing the projects. We should try our best. Moreover, we are not familiar with the “Environmental laws and rules”. This is the first time I have ever heard by the explanation of a consultant, Dr. Daw Khin Lay Swe. It is very interesting and helpful to us. Is there any plan for such explanation of our new laws which appears recently? Answer: U Maung Maung: Our consultancy group will come again and again in near future, before the start of the project, and we will explain more about the project. Answer: Dr. Khin Lay Swe: We have plans to come to the villages which are directly concerned with the Project. And we will do village surveys for the Environmental Impact Assessment before the project implementation. At that time we will explain more about the project and the rules and procedures of Environmental Conservation Department (ECD), Ministry of Natural Resources and Environmental Conservation (MONREC). Question (2): U Soe Thet Oo, Thein Zayat Village Tract Administrator For building a new Highway, what are the benefits to us? We have to pay the interest, a large amount of interest rate or not? Answer: U Aung Swe Myint, Township Officer, GAD, Kyaikto Township: He said this project is for the development of our nation – it will make smooth transportation and good in marketing. It is not for a person or a family, but it is for all. I do not know about the interest rate – no interest or a small amount of money or some amount. Answer: Dr. Khin Lay Swe: Based on my experience, the interest of the loans from the World Bank(WB) and Asian Development Bank (ADB) are very few, less than one percent; and those interests go to the fund for the aids to natural disaster regions of our country.

179 Question (3): U Than Win, Sittaung Village Tract Administrator Please explain thoroughly the local communities to understand the project well, for example – when it starts, the road alignment, and etc. If so, we all can participate and discuss the project to go smoothly. Answer: U Maung Maung: We will come soon, reach to the related villages. One of a step, we, Road Engineers, are planned to come to your villages for the measurement of road alignment, soil strength, and etc. Your help are requested at that time. Answer: U Swe Min Tun, Assistant Engineer, DOH: To explain the upcoming project, for this moment, it is not much clear for the road alignment. When it is decided /or an exact alignment has been chosen, we will inform all of you. The local people’s interest and participation will become the most important thing for the success of the project. Concluding Remark U Kyaw Moe Naing, Assistant Director, DOH, Thaton District Government staffs are busy with the works of departmental budget in these particular months, drawing near the end of budget year. Similarly, the village heads are busy with their administrative works. Therefore, all participants are appreciated for the presence at today meeting. For this Highway Project, when it comes into implementation process, there will be difficulties to some extent. We all should prepare for this and to go the project smoothly and successfully. We have had experiences of “Bypass road” of our Kyaikto town. According to our previous experiences, some related households were absent from the meetings, and some meeting attendees were not authorized person of the households. The project was delayed and did not go very well because of this. Taking this as a lesson learned, for this project, all related/concerned persons should attend the meetings, and they must be the authorized person of the family, and should discuss thoroughly. Due to the upcoming Highway Project, our Mon State will get benefit earlier than other regions. Therefore, all must participate by coordination and collaboration to get a success.

180 ANNEX ATTENDANCE SHEETS FOR CONSULTATION MEETINGS ATTACHED AS SEPARATE PDF DOCUMENTS: FIVE FILES

181

Figure 1. Public consultation Attendance list of Morning Session (25-1-2018) at DOH office, Bago

182

183

Figure 2. Public consultation Attendance list of Afternoon Session (25-1-2018) at GAD office, Thanatpin

184

Figure 3. Public consultation Attendance list of Morning Session (26-1-2018) at DOH office, Waw

185 H.5. Photo Documentation of Government Consultation

1. Bago DOH office: Mr. Tim 2. Bago DOH office: Dr. Khin 3. Bago DOH office: Question explains for the project power point presentation and comment by a participant introduction

4. Thanatpin GAD office: 5.Thanatpin GAD office: 6. Waw DOH office: U Maung participants question and comment by a Maung- explanation of overview participant of the project

7.Waw DOH office: U Aung 8. Kyaikto GAD office: question 9. Kyaikto GAD office: question Hlaing Latt - explanation on by a participant (1) by a participant (2) social issues

Source: The Consultants 2018

186

I. Appendix I Stakeholder Consultations 2

Rural Roads Planning Specialist Mission 4 - 24 July 2018

I.1. Records of Meeting No 1 GAD Meeting in Bago

Time and Date: 13:00 – 14:00, Thursday 12 July 2018

Location: GAD Office, Bago

Attendance: Mr. Aung Than Zaw, General Administrator, Bago Mr. Yan Naung Win, Staff Officer (Engineer), Department of Rural Road Development (Bago), Ministry of Construction Graham Johnson-Jones, Rural Roads Planning Specialist, PADECO Co., Ltd. Sai Than Kywe, Deputy Team Leader, PADECO Co., Ltd.

Discussions, Conclusions and Agreed Actions:

Item Subject Discussion, Conclusions and Actions 1 Appreciation The Rural Roads Planning Specialist (RRPS) and Deputy Team Leader (DTL) thanked the General Administrator and DRRD representative for agreeing to the meeting at short notice, knowing their busy schedule. 2 Briefing on the Rural The RRPS and DTL provided a copy of the map and Roads Component summary analysis for rural roads, and briefed the GA developments to and DRRD representative on the approaches date: developed to date to optimize the benefits to village communities in the vicinity of the proposed Toll Road: 1) Rural Roads Component Status: The Rural Roads Component is a pre-feasibility component of the main East West Highway Development Project feasibility study. 2) The Rural Roads TOR: – Requires identification (with consultation with stakeholders) of a long list of access roads in the immediate area or vicinity of the Highway Project in Thanatpin, Waw and Kyaikto that may be selected for possible rehabilitation or upgrading. These may be considered for improvement in parallel with the main project, so

187 that more people can benefit from the project and associated economic opportunities. 3) Progress to date: Field reconnaissance undertaken in May 2018 in the 3 townships in the TOR, and with the addition of Bago. These included consultations with DRRD and MOH. 4) Principles adopted to date: a. Strategic siting of Interchange/rest area/market and expressway transport and bus facilities on the main highway alignment, to provide optimum access for local villages and communities; b. “Frontage roads” providing access for villages both North and South of the alignment through the village road underpasses to the Frontage Roads, and from there to the Interchange/rest area/market and expressway transport and bus facilities in (a) above; and c. Selected improvement of rural access roads to improve access from villages to the frontage roads. 5) Scale of Potential Rural Roads Component: The development of the long list to date indicates consideration of up to up to 23.1 km of adjusted 18’ paved frontage roads, 8.29 km of adjusted 12’ paved improved village access roads; and 54.02 km of adjusted 12’ gravel improved village access roads. According to population statistics, the full implementation of the long list potentially could benefit up to 117,000 people. 6) Rural Road Design Standards: PADECO are developing updated standards for the Rural Roads component for later discussion and agreement with DRRD. Additionally, the individual road standard requirements of specific roads may change as a result of road condition, traffic count and socioeconomic survey results in the prioritization and feasibility stage. 7) Potential Timing: The period of project preparation up to signing of a Loan Agreement for ADB projects generally takes two years, and this study for the rural roads component is part of that preparation. 8) Purpose of the GAD Stakeholder Consultations: The ADB TOR require that stakeholder consultations are conducted regarding the rural roads component in Thanatpin, Waw and Kyaikto Townships. PADECO decided to include Bago in this process and the RRPS and DTL requested any comments and suggestions from the Township General Administrator and DRRD representative for Bago.

188 3 Comments and 1. The GA endorsed the approach proposed. suggestions 2. The Township GA asked regarding the resulting from possibility of inclusion of a rural road connecting discussions Bago town villages North of Zay Nyuang Pin along the East side of the Bago River up to Bago East. PADECO pointed out that this was close to the location of the Bago Bypass East which would connect across the new bridge to Bago South and the Yangon Expressway, as well as connecting to the main Bago Thanatpin highway and the new expressway to the West. A site visit to the potential connection of the suggested road in Bago East, indicated insufficient road width availability to make the connection viable. See photographs attached. 3. Discussion also ensued on Intersection/Rest area locations, with locations being selected to provide maximum benefit to road users and the local communities. 4 Planning of next The Township GA suggested that at the next stage of steps consultations, in the feasibility stage, Members of Parliament should also be invited.

189 PHOTOGRAPHS

Site of potential suggested Zay Nyuang Pin to Bago East Road near Bago looking North. Note: lack of width between the riverside and landside development

190

Rural Roads Planning Specialist Mission 4 - 24 July 2018

I.2. Records of Meeting No 2 GAD Meeting in Thanatpin

Time and Date: 14:40 – 15:40, Thursday 12 July 2018

Location: GAD Office, Thanatpin

Attendance: Mr. Than Naing, Township General Administrator, Thanatpin Mr. Yan Naung Win, Staff Officer (Engineer), Department of Rural Road Development (Bago), Ministry of Construction Mr. Aung Myint, Staff Officer (Civil),Department of Highways (Thanatpin), Ministry of Construction Ms. May Thazin Khine, Junior Engineer II (Civil), Department of Highways (Thanatpin), Ministry of Construction Graham Johnson-Jones, Rural Roads Planning Specialist, PADECO Co., Ltd. Sai Than Kywe, Deputy Team Leader, PADECO Co., Ltd.

Discussions, Conclusions and Agreed Actions:

Item Subject Discussion, Conclusions and Actions 1 Appreciation The Rural Roads Planning Specialist (RRPS) and Deputy Team Leader (DTL) thanked the Township General Administrator, DRRD and DOH representatives for agreeing to the meeting at short notice, knowing their busy schedule. 2 Briefing on the Rural The RRPS and DTL provided a copy of the map and Roads Component summary analysis for rural roads, and briefed the developments to Township GA and other representatives on the date: approaches developed to date to optimize the benefits to village communities in the vicinity of the proposed Toll Road: 9) Rural Roads Component Status: The Rural Roads Component is a pre-feasibility component of the main East West Highway Development Project feasibility study. 10) The Rural Roads TOR: – Requires identification (with consultation with stakeholders) of a long list of access roads in the immediate area or vicinity of the Highway Project in Thanatpin, Waw

191 and Kyaikto that may be selected for possible rehabilitation or upgrading. These may be considered for improvement in parallel with the main project, so that more people can benefit from the project and associated economic opportunities. 11) Progress to date: Field reconnaissance undertaken in May 2018 in the 3 townships in the TOR, and with the addition of Bago. These included consultations with DRRD and MOH. 12) Principles adopted to date: a. Strategic siting of Interchange/rest area/market and expressway transport and bus facilities on the main highway alignment, to provide optimum access for local villages and communities; b. “Frontage roads” providing access for villages both North and South of the alignment through the village road underpasses to the Frontage Roads, and from there to the Interchange/rest area/market and expressway transport and bus facilities in (a) above; and c. Selected improvement of rural access roads to improve access from villages to the frontage roads. 13) Scale of Potential Rural Roads Component: The development of the long list to date indicates consideration of up to up to 23.1 km of adjusted 18’ paved frontage roads, 8.29 km of adjusted 12’ paved improved village access roads; and 54.02 km of adjusted 12’ gravel improved village access roads. According to population statistics, the full implementation of the long list potentially could benefit up to 117,000 people. 14) Rural Road Design Standards: PADECO are developing updated standards for the Rural Roads component for later discussion and agreement with DRRD. Additionally, the individual road standard requirements of specific roads may change as a result of road condition, traffic count and socioeconomic survey results in the prioritization and feasibility stage. 15) Potential Timing: The period of project preparation up to signing of a Loan Agreement for ADB projects generally takes two years, and this study for the rural roads component is part of that preparation. 16) Purpose of the GAD Stakeholder Consultations: The ADB TOR requires that stakeholder consultations are conducted regarding the rural roads component in Thanatpin, Waw and Kyaikto Townships. The RRPS and DTL requested any comments and suggestions from the Township

192 General Administrator, DRRD and DOH representatives for Thanatpin. 3 Comments and 4. The Township GA endorsed the approach suggestions proposed and provided a map showing the resulting from boundaries of Thanatpin township. discussions 5. The Township GA also pointed out the potential expressway linkage to Yangon directly South from Thanatpin. 4 Planning of next The Township GA agreed that at the next stage of steps consultations, in the feasibility stage, Members of Parliament should also be invited.

193 PHOTOGRAPHS

GAD Meeting - Thanatpin

194

Rural Roads Planning Specialist Mission 4 - 24 July 2018

I.3. Records of Meeting No 3 GAD Meeting in Waw

Time and Date: 09:00 – 10:20, Friday 13 July 2018

Location: MOH Office, Waw

Attendance: U Yair Min Aung, General Administration Deputy Officer, Waw Daw Mar Mar Theim, Head Officer, Department of Rural Road Development (Waw), Ministry of Construction Daw Han Thu Cho Zin, Sub-Officer, Department of Rural Road Development (Waw), Ministry of Construction U Pyae Phyoe, Sub-Officer, Department of Rural Road Development (Waw), Ministry of Construction Graham Johnson-Jones, Rural Roads Planning Specialist, PADECO Co., Ltd. Sai Than Kywe, Deputy Team Leader, PADECO Co., Ltd.

Discussions, Conclusions and Agreed Actions:

Item Subject Discussion, Conclusions and Actions 1 Appreciation The Rural Roads Planning Specialist (RRPS) and Deputy Team Leader (DTL) thanked the General Administration Deputy Officer and DRRD representatives for agreeing to the meeting at short notice, knowing their busy schedule. 2 Briefing on the Rural The RRPS and DTL provided a copy of the map and Roads Component summary analysis for rural roads, and briefed the GA developments to and DRRD representative on the approaches date: developed to date to optimize the benefits to village communities in the vicinity of the proposed Toll Road:

17) Rural Roads Component Status: The Rural Roads Component is a pre-feasibility component of the main East West Highway Development Project feasibility study. 18) The Rural Roads TOR: – Requires identification (with consultation with stakeholders) of a long list of access roads in the immediate area or

195 vicinity of the Highway Project in Thanatpin, Waw and Kyaikto that may be selected for possible rehabilitation or upgrading. These may be considered for improvement in parallel with the main project, so that more people can benefit from the project and associated economic opportunities. 19) Progress to date: Field reconnaissance undertaken in May 2018 in the 3 townships in the TOR, and with the addition of Bago. These included consultations with DRRD and MOH. 20) Principles adopted to date: a. Strategic siting of Interchange/rest area/market and expressway transport and bus facilities on the main highway alignment, to provide optimum access for local villages and communities; b. “Frontage roads” providing access for villages both North and South of the alignment through the village road underpasses to the Frontage Roads, and from there to the Interchange/rest area/market and expressway transport and bus facilities in (a) above; and c. Selected improvement of rural access roads to improve access from villages to the frontage roads. 21) Scale of Potential Rural Roads Component: The development of the long list to date indicates consideration of up to up to 23.1 km of adjusted 18’ paved frontage roads, 8.29 km of adjusted 12’ paved improved village access roads; and 54.02 km of adjusted 12’ gravel improved village access roads. According to population statistics, the full implementation of the long list potentially could benefit up to 117,000 people. 22) Rural Road Design Standards: PADECO are developing updated standards for the Rural Roads component for later discussion and agreement with DRRD. Additionally, the individual road standard requirements of specific roads may change as a result of road condition, traffic count and socioeconomic survey results in the prioritization and feasibility stage. 23) Potential Timing: The period of project preparation up to signing of a Loan Agreement for ADB projects generally takes two years, and this study for the rural roads component is part of that preparation. 24) Purpose of the GAD Stakeholder Consultations: The ADB TOR require that stakeholder consultations are conducted regarding the rural roads component in Thanatpin, Waw and Kyaikto Townships. The RRPS and DTL requested

196 any comments and suggestions from the General Administration and DRRD representatives for Waw. 3 Comments and 6. The GA Deputy Officer and team endorsed suggestions the approach proposed. resulting from discussions 4 Planning of next The GA Deputy Officer also agreed that at the next steps stage of consultations, in the feasibility stage, Members of Parliament should also be invited.

197 PHOTOGRAPHS

GAD Meeting – MOH Offices, Waw

198

Rural Roads Planning Specialist Mission 4 - 24 July 2018

I.4. Records of Meeting No 4 GAD Meeting in Kyaikto

Time and Date: 12:30 – 13:20, Friday 13 July 2018

Location: GAD Office, Kyaikto

Attendance: U Aung Swe Myint, Kyaikto Township General Administration Department Officer U Zaw Win, Township Officer, Department of Rural Road Development (Kyaikto), Ministry of Construction Daw Thet Su Khine, Assistant Engineer (2), Department of Highways (Kyaikto), Ministry of Construction Daw Zin Zin Win, Assistant Engineer (2), Department of Rural Road Development (Kyaikto), Ministry of Construction Graham Johnson-Jones, Rural Roads Planning Specialist, PADECO Co., Ltd. Sai Than Kywe, Deputy Team Leader, PADECO Co., Ltd.

Discussions, Conclusions and Agreed Actions:

Item Subject Discussion, Conclusions and Actions 1 Appreciation The Rural Roads Planning Specialist (RRPS) and Deputy Team Leader (DTL) thanked the General Administration and DRRD representatives for agreeing to the meeting at short notice, knowing their busy schedule. 2 Briefing on the Rural The RRPS and DTL provided a copy of the map and Roads Component summary analysis for rural roads, and briefed the GA developments to and DRRD representative on the approaches date: developed to date to optimize the benefits to village communities in the vicinity of the proposed Toll Road:

25) Rural Roads Component Status: The Rural Roads Component is a pre-feasibility component of the main East West Highway Development Project feasibility study. 26) The Rural Roads TOR: – Requires identification (with consultation with stakeholders) of a long list of access roads in the immediate area or

199 vicinity of the Highway Project in Thanatpin, Waw and Kyaikto that may be selected for possible rehabilitation or upgrading. These may be considered for improvement in parallel with the main project, so that more people can benefit from the project and associated economic opportunities. 27) Progress to date: Field reconnaissance undertaken in May 2018 in the 3 townships in the TOR, and with the addition of Bago. These included consultations with DRRD and MOH. 28) Principles adopted to date: a. Strategic siting of Interchange/rest area/market and expressway transport and bus facilities on the main highway alignment, to provide optimum access for local villages and communities; b. “Frontage roads” providing access for villages both North and South of the alignment through the village road underpasses to the Frontage Roads, and from there to the Interchange/rest area/market and expressway transport and bus facilities in (a) above; and c. Selected improvement of rural access roads to improve access from villages to the frontage roads. 29) Scale of Potential Rural Roads Component: The development of the long list to date indicates consideration of up to up to 23.1 km of adjusted 18’ paved frontage roads, 8.29 km of adjusted 12’ paved improved village access roads; and 54.02 km of adjusted 12’ gravel improved village access roads. According to population statistics, the full implementation of the long list potentially could benefit up to 117,000 people. 30) Rural Road Design Standards: PADECO are developing updated standards for the Rural Roads component for later discussion and agreement with DRRD. Additionally, the individual road standard requirements of specific roads may change as a result of road condition, traffic count and socioeconomic survey results in the prioritization and feasibility stage. 31) Potential Timing: The period of project preparation up to signing of a Loan Agreement for ADB projects generally takes two years, and this study for the rural roads component is part of that preparation. 32) Purpose of the GAD Stakeholder Consultations: The ADB TOR require that stakeholder consultations are conducted regarding the rural roads component in Thanatpin, Waw and Kyaikto Townships. The RRPS and DTL requested any comments and suggestions from the General

200 Administration, DOH and DRRD representatives for Kyaikto. 3 Comments and 7. The GA and DRRD representatives endorsed suggestions the approach proposed. resulting from 8. The GA Department Officer suggested discussions consideration be given to including a 100m road bridge across the river between the villages of Kyauk Ye Kan and Kyaik Ka Tha, as stated to be supported by the Regional Chief Minister. Currently there is only a rail bridge and the area between the rails has been filled in to allow motorcycle traffic. The DTL pointed out that the cost of such a bridge would be in the order of USD 650,000. The RRPS confirmed that the request would be noted, for consideration subject to economic and social analysis. 4 Planning of next The GA Department Officer also suggested that at the steps next stage of consultations, in the feasibility stage, Members of Parliament should also be invited.

201

J. Appendix J Public Consultation SERIES 1

J.1. Meeting minutes of Public Consultation Meeting #1 Date: 2018-03-19 Time: 12:00 - 15:00 Place: Amata Yathar Yone Monastery Kyaung Su Village Min Ywar Kyaung Su Village Tract Thanatpin Township Bago Region Team Members Serial Name Rank 1 Mr. Zaw Min Assistant Director, MOC 2 Ms. Ei Khaing Myint Staff officer, MOC 3 Mr. Tim Collett Team leader 4 Dr. Khin Lay Swe Environment expert 5 Mr. Aung Hlaing Latt Social expert

Public consultation program Sr. Time Particular 1 12:00 – 12:10 Mr. Zaw Min: Introduction to the project and project team 2 12:10 – 12: 20 Mr. Tim: Presentation about the project; Translation by Dr. Khin 3 12:20 – 12: 40 Dr. Khin Presentation about the possible environmental impacts by the proposed project and mitigation measures 4 12: 40 – 13: 00 U Aung Hlaing Latt: Presentation on social aspects of the proposed project and the resettlement plan 5 13:00 – 13: 30 Questions and answer session 6 13: 30 – 13:40 Distribution and explanation of the Project Information Booklet 7 13:40 – 15:00 Distribution of questionnaire forms and gathering back

Number of people in attendance # Village Village Tract Number 1 Kyaik Min Kalaut Kyaung Su Village Tract 1 2 Hpa Yae Hpa Yae Village Tract 9 3 Min Ywa Min Ywa Village Tract 10 4 Kyaung Su Min Ywa Kyaung Su Village Tract 45 5 Min Ywa Kyaung Su Min Ywa Kyaung Su Village Tract 5

202 6 Village Tract Administrator, Min Ywa Kyaung Su Village Tract 1 7 Min Ywa Village Administrator Min Ywa Village Tract 1 8 Pha Yae Village Administrator Hpa Yae Village Tract 1 Total People from villages 73

Others PADECO 3 MOC, Nay Pyi Taw 2 Thanatpin DOH 2 Deputy Township officer, General 1 Administration Department, Thanatpin Township Village Tract officer, Deputy Township 1 officer, General Administration Department, Thanatpin Township Total 82 Farmers from 5 villages: 73 (Male: 65; Female: 8) Government staff and project members: 9 (Male: 6; Female: 3) Total attendees: 82 (Male: 71; Female: 11) Questions and answers # Questions Answers 1 A farmer from Min Ywa Village Tract U Zaw Min. Because the new Highway is a control Administrator. Pls. give some more access, people and livestock cannot go pass explanation about “village to village road through it. Some underpass and overpass will be improvement”, and what the project is constructed to get access for the people. At the going to do with that? detail design stage and construction, the clear and final decision will be made. When we go to the

ground level, we will decide for the best way of improvement of existing rural roads in a priority. Mr. Tim. The local road network will be studied, for example, the improved access road to Waw Town and/or Thanatpin Town will be proposed in our report. Existing or future roads will have 4.5 to 5.0- metre clearances. Farm tracks will have 3.5-metre clearance. 2 A farmer from Kyaung Su village. How U Zaw Min. The width of the road (ROW) is 100 wide will be the new Highway and the meter (300 ft.). We cannot say in detail for this areas or villages to be passed through? moment. When at the construction time it will be improved and a little change and movement after detailed ground survey and discussion and consultation with the local people.

203 # Questions Answers 3 A farmer from Kyaung Su village. How will U Zaw Min. When at the actual construction period you do consultation / discussion during there will have a coordination team/ committee construction time? We are afraid that the with the representative of the respective villages. constructors will do as they like, same as We will meet and take the idea of each affected our previous experiences? household. Taking consideration all the ideas and wishes, we will do the alignment after the comprehensive discussions. 4 A farmer from Minywa Village Tract U Zaw Min. There are three groups of us, administrator. I would like to know alignment of highway design (Mr.Tim), resettlement and compensation plan. environment (Dr. Khin), and social aspect (Mr.Latt). The resettlement and compensation plan will be explained by Mr.Latt. There will be a full compensation for lands and incomes affected. There will be grievance procedures if the affected person does not agree with the compensation. 5 A farmer from Kyaung Su Village. The U Zaw Min. We will target the benefits of the highway will disturb the water flow of people, including farmers. We will form the canals to agriculture fields. How do you coordination team / committee which will include protect for this issue? the township officers from government departments, such as Department of Agriculture (DOA) and Department of Agricultural Land Management and Statistics (DALMS) and etc. Therefore, these issues will be addressed carefully. 6 A farmer from Min Ywa Village. I would like Mr. Tim and U Zaw Min. They answered the to know the villages and the fields to be question with a vinyl map. Then Mr. Tim showed crossed by the new Highway. And where the google map and explained the tentative new will be the New Sittaung River Bridge? Highway in details. 7 A farmer from Min Ywa Kyaung Su Village Mr. Tim. More vinyl maps will be provided. Tract Administrator. If it is possible, we would like to get the vinyl map of tentative new Highway. 8 A farmer from Min Ywa Village. When will Dr. Khin. We have a plan to come in next May. If you come for the next time meetings? women are available to some extent at the growing season while the men are busy, we hope, we can do household survey works and Public Consultation successfully.

204 Figure J-1 Public Consultation Meeting in Kyaung Su Village, Thanatpin Township 19 March 2018

Figure J-2 Public Notices at Kyaung Su Village Figure J-3 Presentation in Progress

Figure J-4 There were 73 Villagers in attendance Figure J-5 There were a number of questions

Figure J-6 The villagers were very interested Figure J-7 Questionnaires were filled out

Source: The Consultant, 2018

205 J.2. Meeting minutes of Public Consultation Meeting #2 Date: 2018-03-20 Time: 12:00 - 14:30 Place: Rural Health Center (RHC) Zay Nyaung Pin Gyi Village Zay Nyaung Pin Village Tract Bago Township Bago Region Team Members Serial Name Rank 1 Mr. Zaw Min Assistant Director, MOC 2 Ms. Ei Khaing Myint Staff officer, MOC 3 Mr. Tim Collett Team leader 4 Dr. Khin Lay Swe Environment expert 5 Mr. Aung Hlaing Latt Social expert

Public consultation program Sr. Time Particular 1 12:00 – 12:10 Mr. Zaw Min: Introduction to the project and project team 2 12:10 – 12: 20 Mr. Tim: Presentation about the project; Translation by Dr. Khin 3 12:20 – 12: 40 Dr. Khin Presentation about the possible environmental impacts by the proposed project and mitigation measures 4 12: 40 – 13: 00 U Aung Hlaing Latt: Presentation on social aspects of the proposed project and the resettlement plan 5 13:00 – 13: 30 Questions and answer session 6 13: 30 – 13:40 Distribution and explanation of the Project Information Booklet 7 13:40 – 14:30 Distribution of questionnaire forms and gathering back

Number of people in attendance # Village Village Tract Number 1 Zay Nyaung Pin Gyi Zay Nyaung Pin Gyi 70 2 Oh Bo Oh Bo 6 3 Auk Si Di (east) Auk Si Di (west) 29 4 Zay Nyaung Pin Lay Zay Nyaung Pin Lay 6 5 Auk Si Di (west) Zay Nyaung Pin Gyi 6 6 Sai De Sai De 14 7 Kyauk Tan She Kyauk Tan She 2 8 Village Tract Administrator Zay Nyaung Pin Gyi 1

206 9 Village Tract Administrator Auk Si Di (west) 1 10 Village Administrator Auk Si Di (east) Auk Si DI (west) 1 Total People from villages 136

Others 1 PADECO 3 2 MOC, Nay Pyi Taw 2 3 Bago DOH 2 4 Village Tract officer, General Administration 1 Department, Bago Township Total 144 Farmers from 7 villages: 136 (Male: 114; Female: 22) Government staff and project members: 8 (Male: 4; Female: 4) Total attendees: 144 (Male: 118; Female: 26)

Questions and answers

# Questions Answers

1 A farmer from Oe Bo village. There are Mr. Tim. It will be decided when the design starts. two paths / earth roads between Block It depends on the place, topography, design of the number 630 and 637. I would like to road and etc. The rural road network would be know the underpass or overpass for studied. Highway will be one or two.

2 A farmer from Oe Bo village. When Dr. Khin. When the compensation is calculated, all you consider about the compensation, the organizations, government and civil based we have good quality soils, for example, organizations, such as Department of Agriculture R1 class. Will you consider differently or (DOA), Department of Agricultural Land the same among the various soil Management and Statistics (DALMS), are classes? gathered and work cooperatively and collaboratively. The issue will be addressed carefully and comprehensively. U Zaw Min. At the time of household survey, the data will be collected in detail and carefully by the surveyor group and village representatives, such as women household head, widow, age, family size, farm size, the crops yearly grown, etc. That time help from villagers are important and necessary.

207 # Questions Answers

3 A farmer from Oe Bo village. I want to Mr. Tim. Depending on the size of the village, the know the plan for the crossing the village population, it will be a big rural access road Highway, for our access road to there. or a small road, the priority of the improvement work to be done – all will be considered at the time when the final decision is made.

4 A farmer from Oe Bo village. I feel, personally, satisfied to know that you will put in detailed data of every affected household for careful consideration.

5 A farmer from Auk Si Di (East). What Mr. Tim. We will take care of that when we actually will you do for the small natural streams work the ground survey. We will come and hold we are using for irrigation of crops? I this kind of public meeting for several times, and am worried for the disappearance of your participation is highly appreciated. them by the Highway construction.

6 A farmer from Auk Si Di (East). How will Dr. Khin. The team who are responsible for the you consider if a small holder farmers, resettlement and compensation matters will for example he has only three acres of manage it, according to the existing laws and rules land, and he will lose all what he has by of our country. the Highway alignment.

7 A farmer from Gway Tan She village. Mr. Tim. For the compensation of lands, plots, How will you manage the land which properties, etc. all will be included to be has registered as La Na 39, land for considered. other use? U Zaw Min. For the land compensation, there will be particular meetings specific to those issues.

8 The Village administrator, Auk Si Di Mr. Tim. Generally speaking, the map is the final, (West). According to the map, Gway but there will be changes or movement depending Tan She village is not affected, your on the real ground condition, for example, we will map is the final one or not? avoid the religious structures, such as pagodas, stupa and monastery, etc., as much as possible.

9 A farmer from Sai Di village. Dr. Khin. Please participate the next meetings and you can give advice and working together. We all (a) I would like to have our village will take into consideration for the benefit of locals roads to be improved, as the same with as much as possible. the Highway. (b) While construction time, pls. take care not to destroy or damage the existing our local road network. (c) We want you to construct the overpasses in line with our existing roads as possible.

208 # Questions Answers

10 A farmer from Oe Bo village. I would Mr. Zaw Min. We will let you know all in detail like to know, if possible, how many when the land survey team work for the actual areas of land of the affected farmers. ground survey. This time is only for engineer portion and introduction for the project. Later, the team for the compensation will come and work for its specific purpose.

11 A farmer from Auk Si Di (East). We Mr. Tim. We will prepare the maps for distribution want the map of the Highway next time. alignment.

12 A farmer from Auk Si Di (West). At the U Zaw Min. It will be solved by the decision of the time of sowing season, if we cannot committees which include coordination team, grow the crops, how will you manage government organizations like DOA and DALMS, for that? village representatives – all will work together.

209 Figure J-8 Public Consultation Meeting in Zay Nyaung Pin Gyi Village, Bago Township 20 March 2018

Figure J-9 136 people attended Figure J-10 Questions were promoted

Figure J-11 MOC Officer answering questions Figure J-12 There were a number of females

Figure J-13 The villagers were very interested Figure J-14 Questions were noted

Source: The Consultant, 2018

210 J.3. Meeting minutes of Public Consultation Meeting #3 Date: 2018-03-22 Time: 12:00 - 14:00 Place: Pan Taw Monastery Kyaik Ka Thar Village Kyaik Ka Thar Village Tract Kyaikto Township Thaton District Mon State Team Members Serial Name Rank 1 Mr. Zaw Min Assistant Director, MOC 2 Ms. Ei Khaing Myint Staff officer, MOC 3 Mr. Tim Collett Team leader 4 Dr. Khin Lay Swe Environment expert 5 Mr. Aung Hlaing Latt Social expert

Public consultation program Sr. Time Particular 1 12:00 – 12:10 Mr. Zaw Min: Introduction to the project and project team 2 12:10 – 12: 20 Mr. Tim: Presentation about the project; Translation by Dr. Khin 3 12:20 – 12: 40 Dr. Khin Presentation about the possible environmental impacts by the proposed project and mitigation measures 4 12: 40 – 13: 00 U Aung Hlaing Latt: Presentation on social aspects of the proposed project and the resettlement plan 5 13:00 – 13: 30 Questions and answer session 6 13: 30 – 13:40 Distribution and explanation of the Project Information Booklet 7 13:40 – 14:00 Distribution of questionnaire forms and gathering back

Number of people in attendance # Village Village Tract Number 1 Kyauk Yae Kan Sut Pa Nu Village Tract 1 2 Ka Lun Ka Lun Village Tract 8 3 Kyaik Ka Thar Kyaik Ka Thar Village Tract 17 4 Kaw San Kyaik Ka Thar Village Tract 6 5 Moke Kha Mu Moke Kha Mu Village Tract 7 6 Moke Palin Moke Kha Mu Village Tract 3 7 Ma Lawt Chaung Ma Lawt Chaung Village Tract 6

211 8 Sut Pa Nu Sut Pa Nu Village Tract 2 9 Bo Yar Gyi Bo Yar Gyi Village Tract 15 10 Kyaik Ka Thar Village Tract Administrator 1 11 Moke Kha Mu Village Tract Administrator 1 12 Bo Yar Gyi Village Tract Administrator 1 Total People from villages 68

Others 1 PADECO 3 2 MOC, Nay Pyi Taw 2 3 Kyaikto DOH 1 4 General Administration Department, Kyaikto 1 Total 75 Farmers from 9 villages: 68 (Male: 54; Female: 14) Government staff and project members: 8 (Male: 4; Female: 4) Total attendees: 76 (Male: 58; Female: 18)

Questions and answers

# Comments and Questions Remarks and Answers

1 Questions were raised about the two This point was noted and such considerations alignments in Kyaikto Township. Kyaik Ka would be part of the alignment selection process. Thar Village was on the southern alignment. One man pointed out that in the southern route there were many small holding farmers growing rice, beans and peas who would be severely affected by losing some of their land. On the northern alignment there were larger rubber farms who would be affected less.

2 There were concerns about how the There would be a number of steps that would be compensation for lands and crops would be done before the compensation procedures were done. finalized. There would be a compensation matrix and a grievance procedures so that if the affected people were not satisfied with the compensation they could seek a better option.

3 A farmer from Ma Lawt Chaung Village. The list of the villages that the proposed There are two alternative ways for the alignments would pass through were discussed project. Which villages will be passed and shown on the map. through by them?

212 # Comments and Questions Remarks and Answers

4 A farmer from Ma Lawt Chaung Village. The We will consider this when we are designing the underpass of 12 feet wide and 12 feet high. road. We will do as much as we can to be I think it will be too small for the trucks we sufficient space. The overpass will be more are using for the carrying of our crop expensive than the underpasses. products. It will be better with 15 feet of size.

5 The Kyaik Ka Thar Village Tract At the time of the “Resettlement plan”, it will be Administrator. How will you manage the explained more in detail. We will do the household compensation of various types of lands, survey of all affected persons - one household such as crop land, plantation and others? after another. It will take about two years. From your side, you should ask and request what is not clear. You may ask what you want and the MOC will do consultations many times until the problem solved.

6 The Ka Lun Village Tract Administrator. I We will have to discuss with the affected villages want to know the access roads to cross the and roads. The design of the road must take into Highway will be one for each villages or two consideration these accesses. villages.

7 The Moke Kha Mu Village Tract Mr. Zaw Min. We will take care of that as much as Administrator. We don’t want to damage the possible since we know that it is very important for Sein Ka Lei Inn (Lake) by the construction of the existing ecosystem of this area. Highway.

8 A farmer from Ma Lawt Chaung Village. The The 100-metre ROW included the possible both sides of the Highway, there will be 300 location of parallel rural roads. feet in width. In addition to this, there will be 12 more feet for rural path.

9 A farmer from Ma Lawt Chaung Village. For Mr. Zaw Min. After the final decision has not been the access road, which one is better, the made, the exact placement of the underpass and underpass or overpass? The underpasses overpass will be selected, after the detail are enough for the villages nearby. discussion with the village representatives and meetings for several times.

213

Figure J-15 Public Consultation Meeting in Kyaik Ka Thar Village, Kyaikto Township 22 March 2018

Figure J-16 Attendance was high Figure J-17 Questions were promoted

Figure J-18 There were many comments & questions Figure J-19 Engaging the villagers

Figure J-20 Questionnaires were filled out Figure J-21 Google map was used for alignment

Source: The Consultant, 2018

214 J.4. Meeting minutes of Public Consultation Meeting #4 Date: 2018-03-22 Time: 15:30 - 17:30 Place: Kyun Taw Monastery Kyun Taw Village Kyun Taw Village Tract Kyaikto Township Thaton District Mon State Team Members Serial Name Rank 1 Mr. Zaw Min Assistant Director, MOC 2 Ms. Ei Khaing Myint Staff officer, MOC 3 Mr. Tim Collett Team leader 4 Dr. Khin Lay Swe Environment expert 5 Mr. Aung Hlaing Latt Social expert

Public consultation program Sr. Time Particular 1 15:30 – 15:40 Mr. Zaw Min: Introduction to the project and project team 2 15:40 – 15:50 Mr. Tim: Presentation about the project; Translation by Dr. Khin 3 15:50 – 16:10 Dr. Khin Presentation about the possible environmental impacts by the proposed project and mitigation measures 4 16:10 – 16:30 U Aung Hlaing Latt: Presentation on social aspects of the proposed project and the resettlement plan 5 16:30 – 17:00 Questions and answer session 6 17:00 – 17:20 Distribution and explanation of the Project Information Booklet 7 17:20 – 17:30 Distribution of questionnaire forms and gathering back

Number of people in attendance # Villages Village Tract Number 1 Pyinma Sa Khan Kyun Taw Village Tract 9 2 Kyun Taw Kyun Taw Village Tract 10 3 Lat Pya Hle Lan Ku Village Tract 1 4 Sein Ka Let Hle Lan Ku Village Tract 1 5 Hpet Ka Leik Hpet Ka Leik Village Tract 8 6 Ta Dar Phyu Kyun Taw Village Tract 1 7 Bike Kar Hle Lan Ku Village Tract 3

215 8 Hle Lan Ku Hle Lan Ku Village Tract 2 9 Taung Ka Lay/ Kwin Ka Lay Kwin Ka Lay Village Tract 11 10 Kwin Ka Lay Village Tract Administrator 1 11 Kyun Taw Village Tract Administrator 1 12 Hpet Ka Leik Village Tract Administrator 1 13 Hle Lan Ku Village Tract Administrator 1 Total People from villages 50

Others 1 PADECO 3 2 MOC, Nay Pyi Taw 2 3 Kyaikto DOH 1 4 General Administration Department, Kyaikto 1 Total 57 Farmers from 8 villages: 50 (Male: 46; Female: 4) Others - Government staff and project members: 7 (Male: 4; Female: 3) Total attendees: 57 (Male: 50; Female: 7) Questions and answers

# Comments and Questions Remarks and Answers

1 A farmer from Taung Ka Lay village. I Mr. Tim and Mr. Zaw Min. Explained by using the would like to know more clarification of maps of Vinyl and Google map. According to Mr. which lands and fields will be passed by Zaw Min’s explanation, their village, Taung Ka Lay the alignment. will not be passed through but they can have an input on the rural road network improvement.

2 The Kwin Kalay Village Tract Village The improvement of the rural road network could Tract Administrator. He thinks that Kwin involve their villages. Kalay Village Tract will escape, but inside this village tract, Oke Pho village was included and asked for Oke Pho.

3 A farmer from Let Pya village. He wants Mr. Tim and Mr. Zaw Min explained by using the to know the exact place near their maps of Vinyl and Google map. village where the alignment will pass.

4 A farmer from Kyun Taw village. He Mr. Tim and Mr. Zaw Min explained by using the wants to confirm that his village will maps of Vinyl and Google map. escape but the fields will be passed through by the alignment.

216 Figure J-22 Public Consultation Meeting in Kyun Taw Village, Kyaikto Township 22 March 2018

Figure J-23 Attendance was high Figure J-24 Explaining the road

Figure J-25 There were many comments & questions Figure J-26 Engaging the villagers

Figure J-27 Questionnaires were given out Figure J-28 Many Questions about the alignment

Source: The Consultant, 2018

217 J.5. Meeting minutes of Public Consultation Meeting #5 Date: 2018-03-24 Time: 13:00 - 15:30 Place: Zee Hpyu Kone Monastery Zee Hpyu Kone Village Zee Hpyu Kone Village Tract Waw Township Bago East Region Team Members Serial Name Rank 1 Mr. Zaw Min Assistant Director, MOC 2 Ms. Ei Khaing Myint Staff officer, MOC 3 Mr. Tim Collett Team leader 4 Dr. Khin Lay Swe Environment expert 5 Mr. Aung Hlaing Latt Social expert

Public consultation program Sr. Time Particular 1 13:00 – 13:10 Mr. Zaw Min: Introduction to the project and project team 2 13:10 – 13:20 Mr. Tim: Presentation about the project; Translation by Dr. Khin 3 13:20 – 13:40 Dr. Khin Presentation about the possible environmental impacts by the proposed project and mitigation measures 4 13:40 – 14:00 U Aung Hlaing Latt: Presentation on social aspects of the proposed project and the resettlement plan 5 14:00 – 14:40 Questions and answer session 6 14:40 – 15:15 Distribution and explanation of the Project Information Booklet 7 15:15 – 15:30 Distribution of questionnaire forms and gathering back

Number of people in attendance # Village Number 1 Villagers from Zee Hpyu Kone Village 31 2 Zee Hpyu Kone Village Tract Administrator 1 3 Villagers with land in Win Ka Dat Village 2 Total People from villages 34

Others 1 Village Tract officer from Department of Agricultural Land Management and 1 Statistics (DALMS)

218 2 PADECO 3 3 MOC, Nay Pyi Taw 2 4 A staff from Waw DOH (SAE) 1 Total 41 Farmers from 2 villages: 34 (Male: 34) Government staff and project members: 7 (Male: 5; Female: 2) Total attendees: 41 (Male: 39; Female: 2) Questions and answers

# Comments and Questions Remarks and Answers

1 A Village elder, farmer. There are existing Mr. Tim and Mr. Zaw Min. We will take care of rural roads, for example, Wet Kadet and canal that. We will surely consider not to block the for transport. We don’t want the new road will existing rural roads. block our existing ways.

2 A farmer from Village Tract officer of the Mr. Tim. We will do so. It was most important Department of Agricultural Land Management to look after natural streams and irrigation and Statistics. We have natural streams and canals must be maintained. canals (Bago – Sittaung canal) and we want the passes to cross these.

3 A farmer from Waw We want to repair the Mr. Tim. We saw that when we have passed existing bridge in the north of our village. It is through it. Such kind of renovation of rural old and the capacity is only for 10 ton-truck. roads and bridges could be included in the project. But we need to prioritize which one are most importantly necessary.

4 A farmer. Please explain more about the We don’t know yet how many persons will be compensation for the land affected. affected. We have to collect the detail data of affected lands and owners, with the help of the department officials of township level, and village representatives and affected farmers. We need several time of consultations to get the fair amount of compensation money. The process will take about two years because we need to work in detail and comprehensively.

5 A farmer from Zee Hpyu Kone Village but The road must maintain such accesses by farms a field in Win Ka Dat Village Tract providing underpass crossings at convenient wanted to know how the road would affect his locations. There would be parallel rural roads access to his field. just inside the right of way that would connected to underpasses.

6. A farmer from Win Ka Dat Village stated that The local rural road network will be studied existing connects to Tha Nat Tna and Kyi Bin and a priority of links established. The Zu Villages in Thanatpin Township just south Township roads connected up to the township of Win Ka Dat were not very good. Generally, centre. There should be links between the the connection between Waw Township and townships especially those more remote from Thanatpin Township were bad. Could the the centre. project improve these roads?

219 Figure J-29 Public Consultation Meeting in Zee Hpyu Kone Village, Waw Township 24 March 2018

Figure J-30 Public Notices at Zee Hpyu Kone Village Figure J-31 Explaining the road

Figure J-32 Giving the presentation Figure J-33 Engaging the villagers

Figure J-34 Many comments and questions Figure J-35 The bridge that the village need upgrading

Source: The Consultant, 2018

220 J.6. Attendance Sheets for Series 1 Public Consultations

221

222 Attendance Sheet 1 of 4 for Thanatpin 19 March 2018

223

224 Attendance Sheet 2 of 4 for Thanatpin 19 March 2018

225

226 Attendance Sheet 3 of 4 for Thanatpin 19 March 2018

227

228 Attendance Sheet 4 of 4 for Thanatpin 19 March 2018

229

230 Attendance Sheet 1 of 9 for Bago - 20 March 2018

231

232 Attendance Sheet 2 of 9 for Bago – 20 March 2018

233

234 Attendance Sheet 3 of 9 for Bago – 20 March 2018

235

236 Attendance Sheet 4 of 9 for Bago – 20 March 2018

237

238 Attendance Sheet 5 of 9 for Bago – 20 March 2018

239

240 Attendance Sheet 6 of 9 for Bago – 20 March 2018

241

242 Attendance Sheet 7 of 9 for Bago – 20 March 2018

243

244 Attendance Sheet 8 of 9 for Bago – 20 March 2018

245

Attendance Sheet 9 of 9 for Bago – 20 March 2018

246

247

248 Attendance Sheet 1 of 7 – Kyaikto – 22 March 2018

249

250 Attendance Sheet 2 of 7 – Kyaikto – 22 March 2018

251

252 Attendance Sheet 3 of 7 – Kyaikto – 22 March 2018

253

254 Attendance Sheet 4 of 7 – Kyaikto – 22 March 2018

255

256 Attendance Sheet 5 of 7 – Kyaikto – 22 March 2018

257

258 Attendance Sheet 6 of 7 – Kyaikto – 22 March 2018

259

260 Attendance Sheet 7 of 7 – Kyaikto – 22 March 2018

261

262 Attendance Sheet 1 of 5 – Kyaikto 2 – 22 March 2018

263

264 Attendance Sheet 2 of 5 – Kyaikto 2 – 22 March 2018

265

266 Attendance Sheet 3 of 5 – Kyaikto 2 – 22 March 2018

267

268 Attendance Sheet 4 of 5 – Kyaikto 2 – 22 March 2018

269

270 Attendance Sheet 5 of 5 – Kyaikto 2 – 22 March 2018

271

272 Attendance Sheet 1 of 2 – Waw – 24 March 2018

273

274 Attendance Sheet 2 of 2 – Waw – 24 March 2018

275

K. Appendix K Public Consultation SERIES 2

K.1. Public Consultation schedule

Sr. Date Time Township Place / Village

1 17-8-2018 (Friday) 1:00 PM Thanatpin Thanatpin Town (Dami Kar Yon Monastery, Northern Quarter,

Thanatpin) 2 18-8-2018 (Saturday) 1:00 PM Bago Moke Ka La village (Monastery)

3 20-8-2018 (Monday) 11:00 AM Waw Ka Dut (Monastery)

4 22-8-2018 (Wednesday) 9:00 AM Kyaikto Bike Kar (Monastery)

K.2. Participant lists (PADECO consultant team) Sr. Name Rank 1 Dr, David Lees Environmental / Climate resilience specialist 2 Mr. Suu Resettlement specialist 3 Dr. Khin Lay Swe Environmental specialist 4 Mr. Kyi Win Communication expert 5 Mr. Toe Myint Social development and resettlement specialist 6 Mr. Tim Collett Team Leader/ Transport engineer

K.3. Participant lists (Staffs of Department of Highways, Ministry of Construction) Sr. Date Place of Public Name Rank consultation 1 17-08-2018 Thanatpin Town, Mr. Aung Myint Township Assistant Engineer, (Thanatpin DOH, Thanatpin Township) 2 18-08-2018 Moke Ka La village Mr. Yae Myint SAE, DOH, Bago Township (Bago Township) Mr. Thet Khaing Oo Township Junior Engineer, Bago Township 3 20-08-2018 Ka Dut village Ms. Mar Mar Thein Assistant Engineer, DOH, Waw Township (Waw Township) Ms. Han Thu Cho Win SAE, Department of Rural Road Development (DRRD), Waw Township

276 4 22-08-2018 Bike Kar village, Mr. Win Lwin DE, MOC, Nay Pyi Taw (Kyaikto Township) Mr. Yan Naing Zaw CE, MOC, Nay Pyi Taw U Soe Lwin AD, MOC, Nay Pyi Taw U Zaw Min AD, DOH, Mon State Mr. Min Htet Aung AE, PMU, Yangon Mr. Min Zaw Win JE, MOC, Mon State Ms. Ohn Mar Tun DD, DOH, Mon State Ms. Mya Mya Win AE, DOH, Kyaikto Township Ms. Ei Khaing Myint Staff Officer, DOH, Nay Pyi Taw

K.4. Public consultation program Sr. Time Particular 1 2:00 – 2:10 Self Introduction of the project team members 2 2:10 – 2: 30 Dr. David: Presentation about the project Engineering, environmental and social aspects; Translated by Dr. Khin 3 2:30 – 2: 40 Dr. Khin: Presentation about the possible environmental impacts and mitigation measures 4 2: 40 – 3: 00 Questions and answers session 3: 00– 3: 20 Mr. Suu: Explanation on social aspects and the Inventory of losses and resettlement plan of the proposed project (Translated by Mr. Kyi Win) 3: 20 – 3:40 Distribution and explanation of the Project Information Booklet 5 3: 40 – 4:30 Refreshments to the participants 6 3: 40 – 4:30 Questions and answer session

K.5. Introduction of the project by the consultant team • Dr. David Lees: He explained the proposed project from the aspects of engineering, climate change and environment. He introduced that the Bago-Kyaiko Highway (new alignment) will be constructed with the assistance of ADB and JICA. The highway will have 70 km length and 100 m width, including a 2.3 km bridge upon the Sittaung River. The Project output will be: (1) construct the new Bago-Kyaikto highway; (2) habilitate or upgrade rural roads to provide access to communities in the project area; and (3) enhancement of capacity of MOC for developing, financing, implementing and managing arterial highway projects, as well as for managing road safety. • Construction of Bago-Kyaikto will acquire about 800 ha of land of about 21 villages. Most of the affected land is agricultural land and land of rubber tree plantation. An inventory of loss was conducted in June – August 2018 to identify of impacts based on the preliminary design of the

277 highway. The proposed project will be the first green field arterial highway constructed in Myanmar to international standards. The project development is expected to set good precedents for (i) engineering standards, (ii) tolling, (iii) land acquisition management, and (iv) complementary rural access road investments to bring economic opportunities for communities located along the highway. • It is expected to improve conditions for transportation of goods and people in Bago Region and Mon State, and further on to Yangon and to Kayin State and across the border to Thailand. Better connectivity and transportation conditions are expected to enhance access to employment and business opportunities, to markets, and to education and health services. During the road construction there will be labour opportunities for local people as unskilled workers, both men and women. • Given that this is a green field project, the physical and natural environment will be impacted. Air and noise quality degradation, surface water drainage modification during construction and operations as well as the impact on the Mottama Estuary and other protected areas. The alignment will pass across mostly paddy lands and irrigation canals, small streams and natural drainage. The new road will require the elevation of 3m above mean sea level with embankments, creating a barrier to surface water drainage as well as to movement of all wild animals, domestic livestock and restrict farmer’s access their lands. The new road alignment will cut through paddy lands, restricting farmer access to fields and grazing areas and likely increase distance from field to farm. There will be short term (during construction) and long term impacts (during operation). It will introduce a degraded air quality and noise environment for all settlements and communities along the route. Construction period impacts will focus the earthworks, namely the operation of borrow sites to supply the sub-grade materials as well pavement materials, construction access roads and transport of tons of materials, as well as the establishment and operation of work camps and all work related wastes. Construction during the dry season will mean dust issues from construction sections and access roads. • Dr. Khin Lay Swe: She explained that the construction and operating period will focus on air and noise quality changes as well as access of roadside residents to their farms and animal grazing and feeding areas. To address these issues, proper mitigation measures will be applied, e.g., use construction machines and vehicles equipped with good exhaust emission system and filled with good quality fuel and oil. For the rehabilitation of all sites where surface vegetation is to be removed, reseeding and replanting of shrubs and trees will be considered. The contractor will have to implement and manage, based on specifications provided in the project EMP, such as a good waste management system, proper sizing of culverts and all cross drainage structures, and etc. The villagers are encouraged to participate in a series of public consultations, in discussions on the draft and final plans (resettlement, environment, social development). The villagers will provide assistance in relocation activities, environmental management activities, social development measures, and monitor of the implementation of the activities. (1) Attendance lists of Public consultation at Dami Kar Yon Monastery, Thanatpin Zee Paing Quarter, Thatnatpin Township, Bago Region Number of attendees Sr. Village Village Tract Total Male Female 1 Zee Paing - 11 2 13 Quarter 2 Kyaung Su Min Ywa Kyaung Su 13 0 13 3 Kayan Kayan 9 0 9

278 4 Sun Pi Sun Pi 15 0 15 5 Auk Su Auk Su 6 1 7 Total 54 3 57

279

(2) Attendance lists of Public consultation at Moke ka La East Monastery, Moke Ka La Village, Bago Township, Bago Region Number of attendees Sr. Village Village Tract Total Male Female 1 Moke Ka La Moke Ka La 23 10 33 2 Sai Te Sai Te 6 1 7 Total 29 11 40

280

(3) Attendance lists of Public consultation at Ka Dut village, Ka Dut Village Tract, WawTownship, Bago Township, Bago Region Number of attendees Sr. Village Village Tract Total Male Female 1 Kadut Kadut 67 8 75 2 Ka Lar Kone Ka Dut 2 0 2 Total 69 8 79

281

(4) Attendance lists of Public consultation at Bike Kar village, Hle Lan Ku Village Tract, Kyaikto Township, Mon State Number of attendees Sr. Village Village Tract Total Male Female 1 Sut Pa Nu Sut pa Nu 4 0 4 2 Ka Lun Ka Lun 10 0 10 3 Kyar Inn Lay Ka Lun 5 1 6 4 Sein La Lei Hle Lan Ku 2 0 2 5 Hle Lan Ku Hle Lan Ku 26 8 34 6 Bike Kar Hle Lan Ku 15 3 18 7 Kyaung Ywa Hle Lan Ku 1 0 1 8 Pyin Ka Toe Pyin Ka Toe Kone 8 0 8 Kone 9 Thit Seik Pin Pyin Ka Toe Kone 2 0 2 10 Ma Yan Ma Yan Chaung 5 0 5 Chaung 11 Sit Taung 3 0 3 12 Kyauk Ka Lat 1 0 1 13 Kauk Bain 2 0 2 14 Kyun Taw 2 0 2 15 Ka Mate 1 2 3 Total 87 14 101

Note: Although the meeting schedules started at 1:00 PM, because of the rains and difficulties in road access (roads were damaged by the recent floods in August), the meeting started at 2:00 PM. For example, Min Ywa Kyaung Su villagers said they came to attend this meeting by boat since the road access were inaccessible. Because of the recent heavy flood disasters, farmers were busy with replanting paddy crop, repairing roads, the recovery stage of the flood disaster; the numbers of participants were fewer than expected. During the consultation period, it stilled rained continuously, sometimes heavy rains. In addition, the village leaders, Village Tract Administrators and social workers were busy with emergency services and rescue services.

282

K.6. Discussion Sessions

Sr. Questions Answers

(1) 17-08-2018: Northern quarter, Thanatpin Town, Thanatpin Township

Time: 1:00 - 4:00 PM; Place: Dami Kar Yon Monastery

1 U San Shwe Oo, Farmer, Zee Paing (1) It will be a “soft” loan under normal ADB Quarter: (1) we want to know about conditions. the ADB loan (2) We proposed more underpasses than the (2) How the villagers will pass the overpasses to cross the Highway. Because it Highway, overpass and underpass, is easier to access for the aged old people, how many will be constructed? young children and disable persons. It is common that when people do not use the

283 (3) If the Highway is inaccessible to overpass to cross a road, accident can the locals, is there any arrangement happen. for motorbikes, bullock carts, (3) In some places, there will be frontage Trawlergy, etc.? roads for this purpose. (4) What types of vehicles can run (4) It is a controlled access road; motor on the Highway? vehicles (cars, buses, lorries, etc.) which have vehicle license, it is a toll - road. 2 U Aung Khaing, Farmer, Zay Paing (1)It was proposed that one underpass per Quarter: kilometre. There will be about 200 in number including small (2 ½ m x 2 ½ m) and large (6 (1) How many underpasses to pass m x 4 ½ m), box culverts, road bridges and through the Highway? railway bridges. (2)How many interchanges in the new Highway? (2) There will be one interchange at each end and three in the middle, altogether five interchanges.

(2) 18-08-2018: Moke Ka Lar village, Moke Ka La Village Tract, Bago Township Time: 1:00 - 4:00 PM; Place: Moke Ka La East Monastery

1 U Win Naing, Moke Ka La village, Village Tract Administrator: When you build the underpass, will you consider the streams, small rivers to match with the way? We want the underpass, not in a regular intervals, e.g., 300 meter apart; we want to be match with existing our paths (village paths and crop production paths, etc.)

2 U Thein Win, farmer, Moke Ka La: There will be 300 meters apart. We will take How many underpass will be care of the existing streams, small rivers and constructed? We are much natural drainages, and not to disturb their concerned about flooding because water flows. of the new road.

(3) 20-08-2018: Ka Dut village, Ka Dut Village Tract, WawTownship

284 Time: 11:00 – 1:30 PM; Place: Monastery

1 U Soe Nyunt, 10 – Household head: We will make sure the good and proper We have concerns about the drainage system. The all streams, small rivers drainages. In our surroundings, and natural drains will be taken into there are several dams and consideration not to disturb their water flows. embankments, such as Ba Daing,

Zaung Tu, Moe Yong Gyi wet land, and etc. Because of a new development of a road, it will have impact on environment. Likewise, Because of the new road the environment affects the infrastructure. For construction, it will block the water example, flood can destroy the new road and ways, creating flooding many areas. disturb the sustainability. It is a major task for How will you manage it? dredging the canals and rivers keep the We want the project to dredge the waterway to flow smoothly. existing small streams, rivers and natural drains 2 U San Hlaing: We welcome the new The engineers and designers will take care of road, but we are worried for our it. fields which will be damaged by floods

(5) 22-08-2018: Bike Kar village, Village Tract, Kyaikto Township Time: 9:00 - 12:00 Noon; Place: Monastery

1 There was no question on the environmental issues from the villagers

285 K.7. Attendance Sheets for Series 2 Public Consultations

286

L. APPENDIX L Semi Annual Environmental Monitoring Report Template

I. INTRODUCTION A. Report Purpose and Rationale

B. Project Objective and Components II. PROJECT IMPLEMENTATION PROGRESS Using most recent project progress report, describe status of project implementation, including full list of contracts, status of contract implementation, name of contractor and CSC, availability of site-EMPs.

III. INSTITUTIONAL SETUP AND RESPONSIBILITIES FOR EMP IMPLEMENTATION AND SUPERVISION A. Institutional responsibilities for environmental management Describe institutional arrangements and responsibilities for EMP implementation, internal and external monitoring, and reporting, defining roles and capacities of PMU, Engineer, Implementation Consultant, Contractors. (Table format appropriate)

B. Incorporation of Environmental Requirements into Project Contractual Arrangements Define manner by which EMP requirements are incorporated into contractual arrangements, such as with contractors or other parties. Indicate when CEMPs were submitted by Contractors, and when these were approved by Engineer/Supervision Consultant (Table format appropriate).

IV. COMPLIANCE WITH ENVIRONMENT RELATED PROJECT COVENANTS List all environment related loan covenants, and assess project’s compliance with the covenants (Table format is appropriate, with concluding statement on compliance or non-compliance, and corrective actions as needed)

V. ENVIRONMENTAL MITIGATIONS MEASURES IMPLEMENTED IN THE REPORTING PERIOD Summarize main mitigation/protection measures implemented in the reporting period (narrative section). Structure in accordance to phases (detailed design, construction preparation, construction, and operation). Include EMP table or updated EMP table if applicable. Assess compliance of environmental management activities with the original or updated EMP. For that purpose, include an additional column in the EMP entitled “Implementation status and compliance”. E.g. is provided below:

287 VI. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING A. Monitoring plan and responsibilities Present the monitoring plan as defined in the EMP or adjusted monitoring plan. Describe monitoring responsibilities. Differentiate between internal and external/compliance monitoring responsibilities.

B. Environmental quality targets, sampling and analytical methods Describe environmental quality targets for the different sites and environmental media (e.g. effluent quality standards, ambient air, noise, water quality standards etc). Define analytical methods applied for monitoring.

C. Monitoring Results 1. Emission Discharge (Source) Monitoring Results (if relevant) a. Results Table format is appropriate. Discharge levels should be compared to the relevant discharge standards and/or performance indicators noted in the EMP. Any non-compliance should be highlighted for attention and follow-up. b. Assessment Discharge levels should be compared to baseline conditions (if baseline data is available) and described in qualitative terms. Additional explanatory comments should be provided as necessary. Possible reasons for non-compliance should be identified.

2. Ambient Monitoring Program a. Results Table format is appropriate. Ambient environmental conditions should be compared to the relevant ambient standards and/or performance indicators noted in the EMP. Any non- compliance should be highlighted for attention and follow-up. b. Assessment Ambient environmental conditions should be compared to the baseline conditions (if baseline data is available) and described in qualitative terms. Additional explanatory comments should be provided as necessary. Possible reasons for non-compliance should be identified.

VII. PUBLIC CONSULTATION, GRIEVANCE REDRESS MECHANISM Describe mechanisms established to address and redress public complaints and grievances. Summarize grievances received, if any, and measures implemented to redress them. Describe public consultation activities during the reporting period. Confirm compliance with consultation plan defined in the EIA/EMP, or justify deviation from this plan. Present planned consultation activities in next reporting period.

288

VIII. HEALTH AND SAFETY Describe health and safety management arrangements at project and contract level, including safety supervision and reporting procedures, people assigned (table format appropriate), training provided (table format appropriate), full list of fatal and serious occupational accidents including reference to minutes of investigation report meetings (to be attached).

IX. INSTITUTIONAL STRENGTHENING AND TRAINING Present training activities conducted in the reporting period (Table format appropriate). Compare training activities with approved training plan defined in EMP/PAM, if any. Present planned training and institutional strengthening activities in next reporting period.

X. KEY ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES A. Key Issues Identified, Actions Taken, Additional Actions Required Include a concise and clearly articulated table that lists (i) all observed non-compliances with the approved EMP or SEMP (both at project and contract level), (ii) corrective actions taken; (iii) implementation responsibility and timeframe.

XI. CONCLUSION A. Overall Progress of Implementation of Environmental Management Measures B. Problems Identified and Actions Recommended

XII. APPENDICES 1. Site Inspection / Monitoring Reports 2. Monitoring Results 3. Accidents/Incident investigation meeting minutes 4. Photographs 5. Others

289 M. References

Aung, L. L., Zin, E. E., Theingi, P., Elvera, N., Aung, P. P., Han, T. T., . . . Skaland, r. G. (2017). Myanmar Climate Report. Norwegian Meteorological Institute. Aung, P. P., Tun, T. A., Tun, A. M., Oo, A. N., Htet, M. T., Soe, R. N., . . . Aung, K. T. (2016). Monitoring Programme for Critically Endangered Spoon-Billed Sandpiper on its Globally most Important Wintering Grounds in Myanmar. BANCA. BirdLife International. (2019). Species factsheet: Aythya baeri. Retrieved 2019, from http://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/baers-pochard-aythya-baeri/details Birdlife International. (2019). Species factsheet: Emberiza aureola. Retrieved February 23, 2019, from http://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/yellow-breasted-bunting- emberiza-aureola/details Clark, N. A., Anderson, G. Q., Li, J., Syroechkovskiy, E. E., Tomkovich, P. S., Zockler, C., . . . Green, R. E. (2016). First formal estimate of the world population of the Critically Endangered spoon-billed sandpiper Calidris pygmaea. Oryx, pp. 1-10. EAAFP. (2019). Baer’s Pochard Task Force. Retrieved 02 23, 2019, from https://www.eaaflyway.net/project/baers-pochard-task-force/ Government of Myanmar. (2015). National Environmental Quality (Emission) Guidelines. Government of Myanmar. IFC/WBG. (2007b). Environmental, Health, and Safety (EHS) Guidelines: General EHS Guidance. International Finance Corporation/World Bank Group. IFC/WBG. (2012). Guidance Notes: Performance Standards on Environmental and Social Sustainability. World Bank Group. Zöckler, C., Beresford, A. E., Bunting, G., Chowdhury, S. U., Clark, N. A., Wing Kan Fu, V., . . . Buchanan, G. M. (2016). The winter distribution of the Spoon-billed Sandpiper Calidris pygmaeus. Bird Conservation International, pp. 1-10.

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