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Zooxanthellate Scleractinian Corals of the Bowden Shell Southeast Jamaica

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Zooxanthellate Scleractinian Corals of the Bowden Shell Southeast Jamaica Contr. Tert. Quatern. Geol. 35(1-4) 47-61 6 figs, 4 tabs, 2 pis. Leiden, April 1998 Zooxanthellate scleractinian corals of the Bowden shell bed, southeast Jamaica Ann F. Budd UNIVERSITY OF IOWA IOWA CITY, U.S.A. AND DonaldF. Mcneill UNIVERSITY OF MIAMI MIAMI, U.S.A. Budd, Ann F. & Donald F. McNeill. Zooxanthellate scleractinian corals of the Bowden shell bed, southeast Jamaica. In: Donovan, S.K. (ed.). The Pliocene Bowden shell bed, southeast Jamaica. —Contr. Tert. Quatern. Geol., 35(1-4): 47-61, 6 figs, 4 tabs, 2 pis., Leiden, April 1998. The zooxanthellate coral fauna of the Bowden shell bed in southeast Jamaica consists of 38 species, and is dominatedby extinct free-living the and Antillia. of the species belonging to genera Manicina, Thysanus,Trachyphyllia,Placocyathus Eighteen species are free-living, of the distributed the eleven are massive and nine are branching. Only nine 38 species are extant, and all but one species are throughout 3.8-2.7 Ma for the Bowden shell ofthe 38 have last in Caribbean region. Assuming a geologic age of bed, eight species global occurrences Formation in units of elsewhere in the Bowden Formation, and eight have global first occurrences either in the Bowden or equivalent age the Caribbean. Recent collections made intervals the Pera reveal shift between ~3.3-1.8 Ma from extinct at closely spaced through Bowden-Old sequence a contain mixture that free-living species to extant branching and massive species. The Old Pera collections a of Caribbean coral species accelerated faunal between 4-1 Ma, and thus a transitional fauna. dominated Caribbean reefs before or afteran episode of turnover represent Most the Old Pera is the co-occurrenceof now extinct and extant cervicornis. New notable among species Stylophora granulata Acropora beds in units of stratigraphic data reveal that 18 of the 37 Old Pera species have global last occurrences in the Old Pera or equivalent age elsewhere in the that it have for Caribbean, suggesting may provided a refuge pre-turnover species. Comparisons with collections of two similar-aged faunas on the north coast of Jamaica, the ManchionealFormation (2-1.4 Ma) and Hope differences that related environmental north faunas Gate Formation (1.8-1 Ma), show striking appear to conditions. The coast contain high with indicative of reef environments. associated percentages of extant species massive colony shapes, exposed, open Community change with turnover have more in reef environments, such as the Old Pera beds. Plio-Pleistocene may proceeded slowly protected, margin Key words — Pliocene, Jamaica, Bowden shell bed, Old Pera beds, Manchioneal Formation, Hope Gate Formation, scleractinians, reefs, extinctions, chronostratigraphy. Marine and A.F. Budd, Department of Geology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, U.S.A.; D.F. McNeill, Geology Geophysics, Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science, University ofMiami, 4600 Rickenbacker Causeway, Miami, Florida 33149,U.S.A. 54 Contents References p. Introduction p. 47 Introduction The Bowden-Old Pera sequence along the coast of Port Morant Bay p. 48 shell bed has been known for the abun- Comparisons with the Manchionealand Hope Gate The Bowden long 52 dance and exceptional preservation of extinct, free-living, Formations on the Jamaican north coast p. flabelloidreef corals that associated with The Bowden fauna and its evolutionary significance p. 53 are typically sea Conclusions 54 flats (Vaughan, 1919; Robinson, 1969; Budd et al., p. grass 1996; J.W. Wells, It is also the Acknowledgements p. 54 pers. comm., 1988). type 48 at ten is also revised locality for least named Mio-Pliocene reef coral spe- the Bowden-Old Pera sequence newly using for five data. the taxa identified in cies. Duncan (1863) designated holotypes species palaeomagnetic We compare from specimens collected in the Bowden shell bed such as these collections with other Jamaican collections that we barretti, Placotrochus alveolus Placo- made in 1994 coastal of similar Placocyathus (= through sequences geo- Siderastrea within the Manchioneal Formation Is- cyathus), Thysanus excentricus, grandis (= S. logic age on Navy siderea) andCyphastrea costata (=Solenastrea bournoni). land and Folly Point near Port Antonio (northeastern Ja- In Duncan & Wall (1865), he designated holotypes for four maica), and within the Hope Gate Formation near Rio Bueno and more species, viz. Placocyathus moorei (= P. barretti), Discovery Bay (north-central Jamaica) (Fig. 1). = T. We then use museum collections of the Bowden shell bed Thysanus elegans (? excentricus), Stylophora granu- lata and Antillia walli (=Trachyphyllia bilobata). Vaughan to assemble a complete faunal list and re-evaluate the of the Bowden reef coral fauna. (1901) also based the new species, Antillia gregorii, on a evolutionary significance specimen from the Bowden shell bed which Duncan ' (1863) originally identified as ‘Montlivaltia ponderosa Edwards & Haime'. Despite its importance to taxonomy, the Bowden fauna is poorly known. The last complete published description was that of Vaughan (1919), who listed 13 zooxanthellate coral species and commented on similarities with what is now known as the Mio-Pliocene Gurabo Formation of the northern DominicanRepublic and the early Pliocene Pine- crest Beds of south Florida. However, Aubry (1993) dated the Bowden shell bed as early late Pliocene or 3.8-2.7 Ma and thus than the Gurabo Forma- (Aubry, 1993), younger tion and possibly also younger than the Pinecrest reef coral horizons. Therefore, it may represent one of the youngest predominantly 'pre-turnover' faunas in the Caribbean, be- fore accelerated origination and extinction transformed the species composition of Caribbean reefs during late Plio- cene and early Pleistocene time (Budd et al., 1994; John- son et al., 1995; Budd et al., 1996; Budd & Johnson, 1997). 1. the Fig. Outline map of Jamaica showing general locations of the three reef coral faunas considered herein; A — the Fig. 2. Map showing the locations of stratigraphy (DM series) Bowden-Old Pera sequence along the coast of Port Mo- and coral (AB series) sample sites in the Bowden-Old rant Bay, parish of St Thomas; B — the Manchioneal Pera the of Port Morant sequence along coast Bay. Formation at Folly Point and Navy Island near Port An- tonio, parish of Portland; and C — the Hope Gate For- in Bueno mation the Rio area, parish ofTrelawny. THE BOWDEN-OLD PERA SEQUENCE ALONG THE COAST OF PORT MORANTBAY The purpose of this contribution is to present a new, up-to-date description of the fauna based on our 1994 col- Existing stratigraphy of the Bowden shell bed — Several lections of reef corals from the Bowden shell and bed, recent stratigraphic studies on the Bowden Formation have through the Bowden-Old Pera the east information the the classical sequence along provided new on age of Bow- coast of Port Morant Bay (Figs 1, 2). The stratigraphy of den shell bed and adjacent lithologic units. 49 3. and strontium data collected in the Bowden-Old Pera Fig. Biostratigraphic, palaeomagnetic isotope sequence. Banner & Blow (1965), in their construction of a plank- Bowden Formation, and a zone NN15 assignment for its tonic foraminiferal biostratigraphy of the Neogene, exam- lower beds (Aubry, 1993). The Bowden Formation type ined from the Bowden shell section and samples bed and, based on nearby road to Arcadia section was assigned to their zonation that them N19 at time, assigned to zone zone NN16. Planktonic foraminifera examined by Robinson cited communica- the (Pliocene). (1969) a personal Berggren (1993) at same correlative sections were as- tion with W.H. Blow as a revision of the Bowden shellbed signed to zones PL2 to PL3, which spans the early/late to at least the boundary between zone N19 and the newly Pliocene boundary between the Gilbert (C2Ar) chron and established zone N20, if not entirely in zone N20. Robin- the Gauss (C2An.3n and C2An.2) chron. These foraminif- son (1969) also indicated that the upper part of the type eral zones are consistent with the age range that comprises the coast the of section, along near town Bowden, may the above mentioned nannofossil zonal assignment of extend into younger zones. NN16 and part of NN15. A combination of planktonic foraminiferal biostra- tigraphy and palaeomagnetic data on the Bowden type New stratigraphic data and provisional interpretation — section Robinson & Lamb Two was presented by (1970). We developed a provisional stratigraphy for the upper part sample sites, one near the Bowden shell bed (ER1146 = of the Bowden Formation type section and the overlying AB94-10 and the Bowden Old Pera beds based combination of fora- to 14) one upsection near type on a planktonic section (ER1123 = DM94-1 to 3), had normal and transi- miniferal biostratigraphy, strontium-isotope stratigraphy tional polarity, respectively (Fig. 2). Combined with the and magnetostratigraphy (Figs 3, 4). A total of 19 sites biostratigraphy, these palaeomagnetic data led to an upper were sampled along the coast south of the town of Bowden Gauss chron (C2An.ln) correlation, that is, late Pliocene. (Fig. 2). Palaeomagnetic samples were collected at 17 More recent biostratigraphic re-examination of cor- stratigraphic levels within the approximately 20 m section relative sections of the Bowden Formation (Aubry, 1993; and multiple samples were analysed at each level. Micro- Berggren, 1993) have confirmed a Pliocene age. Calcare- fossil samples were collected at all 19 sites, and strontium- nannofossil of the sections has shown ous stratigraphy
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