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University Microfilms 300 North Zeeb Road Ann Arbor, Michigan 481 OB A Xerox Education Company I I I 73-1936 BAXTER, Sonny, 1933- C0N0D0NT BIOSTRATIGRAPHY OF THE MISSISSIPPIAN OF WESTERN ALBERTA AND ADJACENT BRITISH COLUMBIA, CANADA. The Ohio State University, Ph.D., 1972 Paleontology University Microfilms, A XjEROXCompany, Ann Arbor, Michigan <§) 1972 Sonny Baxter ALL RIGHTS RESERVED THIS DISSERTATION HAS BEEN MICROFIIMED EXACTLY AS RECEIVED. CONODONT BIOSTRATIGRAPHY OF TIIE WISSISSIPPIAN OF WESTERN ALBERTA AND ADJACENT BRITISH COLUMBIA, CANADA DISSERTATION Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Doctor of Philosophy in the Graduate School of The Ohio S ta te U niversity By Sonny Baxter, B.Sc., M.Sc The Ohio S ta te U niversity 1972 Approved by ~ Adviser Department of Geology PLEASE NOTE: Some pages may have indistinct print. Filmed as received. University Microfilms, A Xerox Education Company ACKNOWLEDGMENTS The writer is grateful to the members of his advisory com mittee, Dr, W.C. Sweet, supervisor, and Drs. S.M. BergstrUm and J.W. Collinson, for the advice and guidance provided throughout this study. The Geology Department of The Ohio S ta te U niversity generously supplied the large quantities of acid required for this p ro je c t. I am also thankful to Dr. A.A. Levinson and Mr. D.W. Harvey of the University of Calgary for permission to use a lab in the Geology Department in the summer of 1970, Dr. E.W. Batnber of the Geologic Survey of Canada helped to collect the sections at Moose Mountain. Dr. J.L. Carter of the University of Illinois provided some assistance in the field, and discussing with him the various aspects of Mississip- pian stratigraphy in western Canada was of great benefit to this writer. Dr. T.L. Thompson of the Missouri Geological Survey and Dr. R.E. Ethington of the University of Missouri at Columbia kindly allowed inspection of their collections of Kississipplan conodonts. Grants from the Friends of Orton Hall, and from the Penrose Fund of the Geological Society of America defrayed some of the costs of the field work. However, my greatest vote of thanks goes to my wife, Joyce. Her continued support and help were the most important contributions to this study. i l VITA December 28, 1933 . Born - Vernon, British Columbia, Canada 1966 .......................................... B.Sc. University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada 1966 - 1968 ................... Geologist, Pan American Petroleum Corporation Calgary, Alberta, Canada 1968 - 1969 ...................... Teaching Assistant, Department of Geology The University of Calgary Calgary, Alberta, Canada 1969 ..........................................M.Sc. in Geology, The University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada 1969 - 1970 ....................... Research Associate, Department of Geology The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 1970 - 1972 ...................... Teaching Associate, Department of Geology The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio i i i TABLE OF CONTENTS ACKNOWLED GMENTS......................................................................................................i i VITA................................................................................................................................i i LIST OF TABLES................................................................... x LIST OF CHARTS........................................................................................................x i LIST OF TEXT FIG U R ES..................................................................................... x i INTRODUCTION.......................................................................................................... Purpose and Scope of Study .... ......................................... Techniques ................................................................................................. STRATIGRAPHY ..................................................................................................... Regional Stratigraphy ......................................................................... Introduction ....................................................................................... History of Mississippian Studies in Western Canada. Lithostratigraphy ........................................................................................11 Introduction. ..... ............................................................ 11 Exsliav/ Form ation ................................................................................... 11 Banff Format io n ...................... 12 Rundle Group, . ...............................................................................12 Livingstone Formation ................................................................ 13 Mt. Head Form ation ...............................................................................13 Etherington Formation ................................................................ 14 Pelcisko FormatiTSn ...................................................... 15 Shunda Formation. ................... ..... ............................ 15 Turner Valley Formation ........................... 15 Biostratigraphy ............................................................................................ 16 Fossil Zones Recognized in the Mississippian of Western Canada ..........................................................................16 iv Page Previous Studies of Mississippian Conodonts in Western Canada ...........................................................................17 Conodont Zonation ..... ................................................... 18 S Iphonodel'la sandborgi-S. duplicata Z o n e ........................ 20 S iphonodella-Pseudopolygnathus Z one ......................................20 Polygnathus vogesi-Spathognathodus n. sp. J Subzone .........................................................................................21 Slphonodella cooperi hassi-Gnathodus punctatus Zone. ..................................................................................................21 Gnathodus scmiglaber"Polygnathus communis carinus Zone ................................................................ 22 Bactrognathus-Pseudopoly,qnatlius m ultistriatus Zone. ........................................................... 22 Pseudopolygnathus m ultistriatus Subzone .... 22 Xaniognathus Subzone ............................................................ 23 Bac trognathus-Taphrognathus Z o n e ...........................................23 Taphrognathus-hambdagnathus Zone ..................................... 24 Taphrognathus v a ria n s -Apatognathus Zone ........................ 25 Apatognathus scalen u s-Cavusgnathus Zone ........................ 25 C hester (u n d iv id e d )....................... 26 Regional Correlations ................................................................................26 Introduction ....................................................................................... 26 Ferule Area (section All) .............................................. 27 Flathead Area (section AW) .............................................. 28 Crowsnest Area (section AG) .........................................................28 Gap Area (sections AE, AF) .............................................................30 Highwood Area (sectio n AR). ....................................................30 Tunnel Area (sections Al, AQ) ...............................................31 Pigeon-Grotto Area (sections AA,AB,AC,AD,AS). 32 Exshaw Area (sections AJ, AK, AU) ...........................................32 Moose Area (sections AL, AM)