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The Daimler Motor Company Limited (GB) 1896 - 2011

Daimler Motor Company

The Daimler Motor Company Limited (GB) 1896 - 2011

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The Daimler Motor Company Limited The Daimler Motor Company was a British motor vehicle manufacturing company, founded in 1896, and based in . The company became a of Small Arms Company (BSA) in 1910, and was acquired by Jaguar in 1960. Ownership of the Daimler marque stayed with through subsequent mergers with and , remaining with Jaguar when the company regained its independence in 1984. In 1989 the Daimler badge transferred to the ownership of the when Jaguar Cars became a subsidiary of the American giant, and was subsequently incorporated into Ford's . In March 2008 the Daimler was included in Ford's sale of Jaguar Land to of India. As of 2006, the use of the Daimler brand was limited to one model, the Daimler Super Eight. As of 2011, the brand appears to be dormant.

Origins of the name Confusingly, the name Daimler is used by two completely separate groups of manufacturers. The history of both companies can be traced back to the German engineer who built the first four- wheeled car in 1889. This was the origin of the Daimler Motoren Gesellschaft, which is translated as Daimler Motor Company (aka, Daimler Germany), which has manufactured vehicles since the 1890s. Gottlieb Daimler died in 1900, having sold licences to use the Daimler name in a number of countries. The licence granted in 1891 to the British F R Simms & Co included the right to use the Daimler name in Great Britain and in 1896 the British Daimler Motor Company was founded. The aristocrat car dealer Emil Jellinek had legal problems selling German Daimlers in France and put it to Daimler Germany that he would place a large order if they would make a car for him that would bear his daughter's name Mercedes. Daimler Germany now realised the problem of having sold licences to use the Daimler name, and to avoid any further confusion and licensing troubles, the name Mercedes was adopted in 1902 for all the cars built by Daimler Motoren Gesellschaft itself and the name Daimler was last used for a German-built car in 1908 but was kept for the cars built by the British company. In 1924, the Daimler Motoren Gesellschaft merged with Karl Benz's Benz &Cie. to form the Daimler-Benz car company which built Mercedes-Benz cars and trucks and agreed to remain together until 2000. In 1998 Daimler-Benz merged with the Corporation to form Daimler-Chrysler. During 2007, Daimler- Chrysler split itself again, to become the new Chrysler LLC and a renamed Daimler AG. Through all of this, Ford - via their 1989 purchase of Jaguar - assumed and retained the sole rights to sell automobiles under the Daimler name. However, during 2007 it was revealed that Ford intended to sell off the remaining British-derived portions of its Premier Automotive Group (PAG) (consisting of both and Jaguar holdings, which include the Daimler franchise). The new suitor in this plan was reported to be Tata Motors of India, though Ford preferred to refer to Tata as the „preferred bidder“ while negotiations continued. The deal was then finalized in March 2008. The Austro-Daimler concern has survived as Steyr-Daimler-Puch, despite being absorbed by General Dynamics in 2003.

History of the British company Company origin The UK patent rights to the Gottlieb Daimler's were purchased in 1891 by Frederick Simms, who produced them at his company F R Simms & Co. In 1893 this was renamed the „Daimler Motor Syndicate Ltd“ and supplied to boat builders. In 1895 Harry Lawson (a yet to be convicted fraudster) bought the company for £35,000 and changed its name again to the British Motor Syndicate, a company mainly trading in patents. In order to capitalise on some of the patents he had bought, in 1896 he founded the „Daimler Motor Company“ based in a disused cotton mill he bought in Foleshill, Coventry. Here, from 1897, he built Léon Bollée cars under licence as well as MC and Daimler cars. The first Daimler left the works in January 1897, fitted with a engine, followed in March by Daimler engined cars. Lawson claimed to have made 20 cars by July 1897 making the Daimler Britain's first motor car to go into serial production, an

Daimler (GB) 1896-2011.doc 3 / 22 Daimler Motor Company honour that is also credited to Humber motors who displayed its production models at the in in 1896. The Daimlers had a twin cylinder, 1526 cc engine, mounted at the front of the car, four speed gearbox and chain drive to the rear . Known as Britain's oldest marque, Daimler became the official transportation of Royalty in 1898, after the Prince of Wales, later Edward VII, was given a ride on a Daimler by John Douglas-Scott-Montagu, 2nd Baron Montagu of Beaulieu. The Royal House of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha had, like Daimler, also obtained their name from Germany, but changed this to Windsor during World War I. Scott-Montagu, as a Member of Parliament, also drove a Daimler into the yard of the British Parliament, the first motorized vehicle to be driven there. Every British from Edward VII to the current Queen have been driven in Daimler although, in 1950, after a failure on the King's car, Rolls- Royce was commissioned as the Royal Primary Carriage, Daimler being reduced to 'second fiddle'. Since 1907, the fluted radiator has been the Daimler marque's distinguishing feature. The company acquired a Knight Engine licence in 1908 to build engines for its automobiles.

BSA take-over From 1910 it was part of Birmingham Small Arms Company (BSA) group of companies, producing military vehicles as well as cars. In addition to cars, Daimler produced engines for the very first ever built in 1914 („“ and „Big Willie“), a scout army vehicle, engines used in aeroplanes, ambulances, trucks, and double-decker buses. In late 1920s, it, together with Associated Equipment Company, formed the Associated to build commercial vehicles. In 1930 Daimler, through BSA, took over . Although at first the marques produced separate ranges of cars with the Daimler badge appearing mainly on the larger models, by the mid 1930s the two were increasingly sharing components leading to the 1936 Lanchester 18/Daimler Light 20 differing in little except trim and grille. The Daimler range was exceptionally complex in the 1930s with cars using a variety of six and eight cylinder engines with capacities from 1805 cc in the short lived 15 of 1934 to the 4624 cc 4.5 litre of 1936. During World War II, Daimler production was geared to military production. A four drive scout car , the , had a 2.5 litre engine, along with a larger armoured car powered by a 4.1 litre engine and armed with a 2pdr. were produced, both with six cylinder power units. These military vehicles incorporated various innovative features including all-round disc brakes. The original Sandy Lane plant, used as a government store, was destroyed by fire during intensive enemy bombing of Coventry, but there were by now 'shadow factories' elsewhere in the city including one located at Brown's Lane, Allesey, now itself destroyed, but which was for several decades the principal Jaguar car plant. After that war, Daimler produced the , a military reconnaissance vehicle based on the innovative 4.1 litre engined armoured car thes had developed and built during the war, which has been used by over 36 countries. Daimler was a proponent of the preselector gearbox. This was used in passenger vehicles and military vehicles. Sir Bernard Docker was the Managing Director of BSA from early in WWII, and married Lady Norah Collins in 1949. It was Lady Norah's third marriage, and she had originally been a successful dance hall hostess, already having married well twice, and already wealthy in her own right. The Lady Norah took an interest in her husband's companies and became a director of Hooper, the . Lady Docker could see that the Daimler cars, while popular with the royal family, were in danger of becoming an anachronism in the modern world. She took it upon herself to raise the company's profile, but in an extravagant fashion, by encouraging Sir Bernard to produce show cars. The first was the „Golden Daimler“, an opulent touring , in 1952, „Blue Clover, a two door sportsmans , in 1953 the „Silver Flash“ based on the 3 litre Regency , and in 1954 „Stardust, redolent of the „Gold Car“, but based on the DK400 chassis. At the same time Lady Norah earned a reputation for having rather poor social graces when under the influence, and she and Sir Bernard were investigated for failing to correctly declare the amount of money taken out of the country on a visit to a Monte Carlo casino. Norah ran up large bills, and presented them to Daimler as business expenses, but some items were disallowed by the Tax Office drawing further attention. The publicity attached to this and other

Daimler (GB) 1896-2011.doc 4 / 22 Daimler Motor Company social episodes told on Sir Bernard's standing, as some already thought the cars far too opulent and perhaps a little vulgar for austere post-war Britain. To compound Sir Bernard's difficulty, the royal family shifted allegiance to Rolls Royce. In 1951 Jack Sangster had sold Ariel and Triumph to BSA, and joined their board. The Docker Daimler era was soon to end. By 1956 Sangster was voted in as the new Chairman, defeating Sir Bernard 6 to 3, and he promptly made Edward Turner head of the automotive division. This then included Ariel, Triumph, and BSA motorcycles, as well as Daimler and (London Taxicab manufacturers). Turner then designed the Daimler SP250 and Majestic Major, with a lightweight hemi head Daimler 2.5 & 4.5 Litre V8 Engines. Under Sangster Daimler's vehicles became a little more performance oriented. Daimler struggled after the War, producing too many models with short runs and limited production, and frequently selling too few of each model, while Jaguar seemed to know what the public wanted and expanded rapidly.

Jaguar and British Leyland In 1960, the Daimler name was acquired by Jaguar Cars. was looking to expand manufacture, and wanted the manufacturing facilities, but then had to decide what to do with the existing Daimler vehicles. The Major and the sporty Dart, already in production, were continued for a number of years, using the Daimler . In 1961 Daimler introduced the DR450 , a limousine version of its Majestic Major with a longer chassis and bodyshell and higher roofline. It continued in production until the DS420 arrived in 1968, by which time it had sold almost as many as the „Major“ saloon. These were the last Daimler-badge cars not designed by Jaguar. It is said that Jaguar put a Daimler 4.5L V8 in a X, and it went better than the Jaguar version. It is also said that when Jaguar ceased production of Daimler designed vehicles, Lyons (Jaguar-chief Sir William Lyons) had all the spares bulldozed into a pit. The last car to have a Daimler engine was the V8 250 which was essentially, apart from a fluted grille, badges and drivetrain, a more luxurious Jaguar Mark II. Jaguar merged with the British Motor Corporation, the masters of badge-engineering marques in 1966 to form British Motor Holdings (BMH). Not surprisingly, except for the Daimler DS420 Limousine introduced in 1968 and withdrawn from production in 1992, subsequent vehicles were badge-engineered Jaguars, but given a more luxurious and upmarket finish. For example the Daimler Double-Six was a Jaguar XJ-12 with the Daimler badge and fluted grille and boot handle being the only outward differences from the Jaguar, with more luxurious interior fittings and extra standard equipment marking it out on the inside. During that period, Daimler became the second-largest (after Leyland) double-decker bus manufacturer in Britain, with the „Fleetline“ model. At the same time, Daimler made trucks and motorhomes. BMH merged with the Leyland Motor Corporation to give the British Leyland Motor Corporation in 1968. Production of Daimler buses in Coventry ceased in 1973 when production of its last bus product (the ) was transferred to Leyland plant in Farington. The Daimler marque stayed within BLMC and its subsequent forms until 1982, at which point Jaguar (and Daimler) was demerged from BL as an independent manufacturer.

Jaguar (Under Ford ownership) In 1989 the Ford Motor Company took over Jaguar and with it the right to use the Daimler name. In 1992, Daimler stopped production of the DS420 Limousine, the only model that was not just a re-badged Jaguar. In 1996 Jaguar Cars produced a „Daimler Century“ model to celebrate 100 years of motoring. The name Daimler continued to be used to determine top-line XJ Jaguars in every country except the USA, where the top XJ is known as the „XJ “ — the company may have feared that the American market would confuse Jaguar Daimler with DaimlerChrysler. In 2002, with the of the new Mark III XJ, the Daimler name (seen on the Mark II XJ as the „Daimler V8“) ceased to be used to mark out the top models, with the „Jaguar Super V8“ the new flagship model. However, the Daimler marque was brought back with the „Super Eight“ model

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Daimler One‐O‐Four DF310

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Daimler Regency The Daimler Regency DF300 series was a made in Coventry by The Daimler Company Limited between 1951 and 1956. Only 52 examples of the first Regency were made because demand for new cars collapsed just weeks after its introduction. Almost two years later a lengthened more powerful Regency Mark II DF304 was announced but, in turn, it attracted few customers and it was replaced by the very much faster up-rated One-O-Four DF310 announced in October 1955.

Regency DF300 Displayed to press on 26 September and the following week at the Paris Motor Show it was first shown to the British public at the October 1951 Motor Show. The chassis was from the 2½-litre Eighteen Consort. It was fitted with a new 3- litre engine design derived from the Lanchester Fourteen. The shape of the standard Barker saloon body closely resembled the much smaller Lanchester Fourteen. It was joined in 1952 by an Empress II saloon and limousine and all with razor-edge styling by Hooper. Only a small number of Regency Barker Special Sports were made, perhaps three. They were externally distinguished by having front-hinged doors, not the "suicide doors" of the smaller-engined version. The usual Daimler Fluid Flywheel coupled the engine and its Wilson pre-selector 4-speed gearbox. All new car sales collapsed in 1952 while the nation waited for the removal of a "temporarily" increased purchase tax, finally eased in April 1953. Only 51 Regencys were made before production stopped.

Regency Mark II DF304 The revised Regency DF304 labelled Mark II was announced in October 1954. The new more flowing body was slightly longer with a much longer boot and mudguards and was lower-set. It could now be purchased with a 3½-litre or 4½- litre engine. Again there was a Hooper version, the Empress IIa and III but now also the Sportsman four-light saloon with coachwork by (Birmingham). The (at first only) 4½-litre Sportsman with three-piece wrap-around rear window and extra interior luxury features was announced a few days later.

Replacing the Mark II The Regency Mark II proved little more successful than the first Regency and was superseded in late 1955 by the 3½-litre One-O-Four (DF310) which was once again little more than a variant with a more powerful engine. The bigger 4½ Source: litre engine went to the new Daimler Regina DF400 or DK400. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daimler_Regency

Daimler One-O-Four DF310 Announced in October 1955 the 3½-litre inline six- cylinder engine was given a new and of 7.6:1 generating almost 30% more power (137 bhp; 102 kW; 139 PS @ 4,400 rpm) to push the same 2-tonne Mk II to 104 m.p.h. With upgraded brakes and interior, branded firmly at its tail with a bulky fluted boss bearing a large D in the centre of its back bumper it was advertised as the 100 m.p.h. Daimler One-O-Four. Named because a prototype reached 104 m.p.h. (One-O-Four) during testing when there were no open-road speed limits. During 1956 a Borg-Warner fully automatic gearbox became available. Seventeen chassis numbers were used by this model and another forty-nine for the corresponding Lady's Model. The special lady's items in the Lady's Model inspired by Lady Docker became optional extras the following year.

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Daimler Motoren Gesellschaft - International Licences – British Licences, The Daimler Motor Company Limited

The Daimler Motor Company Limited was an independent British motor vehicle manufacturer founded in London by H J Lawson in 1896, which set up its manufacturing base in Coventry. The right to the use of the name Daimler had been purchased simultaneously from Gottlieb Daimler and Daimler Motoren Gesellschaft of Cannstatt, Germany. As of 2011, the brand appears to be dormant. In 1890 Hamburg-born Frederick Simms, a consulting engineer and a good personal friend of Gottlieb Daimler returned to the with the Phoenix engine for launches (though expressing thoughts for cars) having obtained from him British (and British Empire) rights to the Daimler patents. In 1893 Simms formed The Daimler Motor Syndicate Limited (DMS). At the end of 1895 Simms received an offer from a London company promoter called Lawson of, at first, £35,000 to purchase all the Daimler rights. As part of the necessary arrangements, and Daimler having parted from DMG, Simms arranged to pay the now drifting DMG £17,100 on the condition that DMG took back Gottlieb Daimler. A 'contract of reassociation' was signed on 1 November 1895. The result was the divided Daimler-Maybach and DMG businesses then merged and were rejuvenated. In early 1896, having agreed with Daimler Motor Syndicate it would buy the Daimler rights, Lawson floated The Daimler Motor Company Limited (DMC) in London (with Gottlieb Daimler a director), the works to be in a disused cotton mill in Coventry. Simms became a director of DMG (Cannstatt) but not DMC (London). In 1910 Daimler Motor Company while retaining a separate identity, merged ownership with that of BSA (munitions), and began producing military vehicles. For over 65 years, The Daimler Motor Company Limited produced a wide variety of premium quality vehicles including very many buses, ambulances, fire engines and some trucks but in particular medium-sized and large cars which were often very expensive. Their vehicles were distinguished by their finned exposed radiators, later by scalloped radiator shells. In 1960, the business was sold to Jaguar, which soon engaged in badge-engineering and often Jaguar and Daimler cars could only be distinguished by the grille and name badge. In 2005 the only Daimler models being produced were luxury models, such as the Daimler Super Eight. In July 2008 , the current owners of Jaguar and Daimler, announced they were considering transforming Daimler into "a super-luxury marque to compete directly with and Rolls-Royce". Until the early 1950s it was often said "the aristocracy buy Daimlers, the nouveau riche buy Rolls-Royce".

Daimler Motor Company - Daimler Cars 1896 – 2011 Some of the more well-known vehicles produced by Daimler and their factory catalogued variants by Barker and Hooper prior to Daimler's acquisition by Jaguar in 1960 were:

• 1896 First Daimler Vehicle 1908 switch to sleeve-valve engines • Daimler Twenty • Daimler Twenty-Two • Daimler Twenty-Four • 1926–1937 Daimler Double-Six 30 (3.75-litres), 30/40 (5.25-litres), 50 later named 40/50 (6.5-litres) • 1930-1934 Daimler Twenty-Five 20-30/25 3.6-litre six-cylinder sleeve-valve • 1931-1933 Daimler Twenty LQ20 Q16-20 2.6-litre six-cylinder sleeve-valve 1932 switch to poppet valves for new engines

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• 1932–1937 Daimler Fifteen 1.8, 2.0 and 2.2-litres, first return to poppet-valve engines. popularly priced • 1933-1936 Daimler Twenty L20 2.7-litre six-cylinder ohv • 1934–1940 Daimler Straight-Eight V26 26 hp 32 hp • 1936-1939 Daimler Light Twenty 2.6-litre six-cylinder ohv • 1936–1940 Daimler Light Straight-Eight E4 all-alloy 3421cc to 3960cc • 1937–1939 Daimler Twenty-Four E24 six-cylinder ES24 saloon and EL24 limousine • 1937–1940 Daimler New Fifteen DB17 2¼ and 2½-litre • 1938–1945 Daimler Scout (4wd 2½-litre) known to the Army as Dingo, made at J C Bamford Uttoxeter. • 1940– ? Daimler Armoured Car all-wheel-drive • 1946–1952 Daimler Twenty-Seven DE27 (6 cyl.) (prod: 255) • 1946–1953 Daimler Straight-Eight DE36 (prod: 205) • 1946–1949 Daimler Eighteen DB18 2½-litre. (prod: 3355) New Fifteen with a Scout engine • 1948–1953 Daimler Eighteen DB18 2½-litre, Sports Special Barker drophead coupé, Hooper Empress - owner-driver and limousine (prod: 608) • 1949–1953 DB18 2½-litre, (prod: 4250) • 1952–1957 Daimler Regency DF300, 3-litre, 3½-litre, or 4½-litre saloon, Sportsman saloon, Barker Special Sports Coupé, Hooper Empress - owner-driver and limousine. • 1955–1957 Daimler One-O-Four DF304 Regency II 3-litre, 3½-litre, or 4½-litre saloon - limousine. Daimler One-O-Four DF310 Sportsman berline, (prod: 560) with preselector transmission • 1952–1971 Ferret Scout Car • 1953–1956 DJ250 and Daimler Conquest Century DJ256 2½-litre, Barker Conquest Century coupé (prod: 9620) • 1955–1957 Daimler Conquest Century DJ254 and DJ255 (prod: 119) • 1954–1960 Daimler Regina DF400 and DK400 4½-litre, (prod: 132) last Daimler car with preselector transmission, owner-driver and limousine • 1958–1962 Daimler Majestic DF316 3.8-litre, (prod: 1490) a One-O-Four DF310 with different shape, BW automatic transmission, 4-wheel disc brakes. Owner-driver and limousine • 1959 Daimler SP250 V8 (Dart, A-spec.) open 2-seater put into production as a drophead or convertible • 1959–1964 Daimler SP250 V8 (B and C spec.) (prod: 2645, A B & C) • 1959–1968 DQ450 V8 (prod: 1180) • 1961–1967 Daimler limousine DR450 V8 (prod: 864) a nimble high-speed top-executive transport and the last true Daimler

Hybrid • 1962–1969 Daimler 2.5 V8 and V8-250 used a hull (prod: 17620)

Jaguar • 1966–1969 XJ16 with better finishes and Daimler grille and badges on a Jaguar 420 • 1968–1992 Daimler DS420 Limousine, successor to the DR450, a lengthened hull with a completely new body • 1969–1983 Daimler Sovereign with better finishes and Daimler grille and badges on a Jaguar XJ6 • 1972–1992 Daimler Double-Six with better finishes and Daimler grille and badges on a Jaguar XJ12 series I II and III • 1986–1992 Daimler XJ40 new car and new engine as prescribed by British Leyland, the 1986 XJ40 Jaguar body could not accept Jaguar's • 1992–1994 Daimler Majestic XJ340 extended 5 inches (130 mm); 3.2- and 4-litre engines • 1992–1994 Daimler Majestic Double-Six XJ381 6-litre engine. Intended to take 75% of group V12 sales • 1994–2002 Daimler X300 and X330 body returns to a more recognizable shape. V8 from 1997 • 1996 Daimler Century limited edition: 50 V12, 50 straight 6; marking 100 years of Daimler Coventry • 2002–2005 Daimler Super V8 X350 V8 engine, alloy structure • 2005 Daimler Super Eight

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Daimler Motor Company - Daimler Cars 1896 –

1946- DE 27/DH 27 limousine 1951

1946- DE 36 Straight 8 limousine Hooper 1953

1946- DE 36 limousine "razor edge" Hooper 1953

DE 36 drop head coupe Hooper 1948

DE 36 Green Goddess dhc Hooper 1949

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DE 36 Saoutchik

Daimler DE36 All Weather Tourer 1948 Hooper

Daimler DE 36 limousine Landaulette 1947 Hooper

Daimler DE36 limousine 1949 Freestone&Webb

1939- Daimler DB 18 saloon 1950

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1939- DB 18 cabriolet 1947

DB 18 Estate

1951- DB 18 Consort limousine 1953

1951- DB 18 Empress saloon Hooper 1953

1951- DB 18 Empress cabriolet 1953

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1948- DB 18 Special Sports Barker cabriolet 1953

1951- 3 Litre DF Empress II limousine 1954

3 Litre DF Empress II limousine 1954- Hooper 1957

1951- 3 Litre Regency DF300 limousine 1954

1951- 3 Litre DF Sportsman berline 1954

Daimler 4.5 Litre Regency Sportsman 1956 DF 402 Mulliner

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Daimler 3½ Litre Regency II DF304 1954- limousine 1957

Daimler One-O-Four DF310 1955- Sportsman berline 1959

Daimler One-O-Four cabriolet 1956 Beutler

Daimler One-O-Four Continental 1956 Hooper

1956- DK400 limousine 1960

1954- DF400 Regina limousine 1959

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1954- DK400 limousine Hooper 1958

1953- Conquest DJ saloon 1956

Conquest DJ 256 berline/coach 1953- Hooper 1958

1954- Conquest Century saloon 1957

Conquest cabriolet 5 passengers (DJ 1954- 252/DJ 2) 1956

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Conquest roadster/cabriolet (DJ 1953- 254/DJ 2) 1956

Daimler Silver Flash fixhead coupe 1953 Hooper

DJ 256 Dauphin Century 1955

One-O-Four DF310 Sportsman 1955- berline 1959

Daimler One-O-Four cabriolet 1956 Beutler

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One-O-Four Continental Hooper 1956

1959- SP 250 V8 cabriolet 1964

Daimler SP 250 coupe Hooper 1959

1958- Majestic DF316 limousine (101) 1962

Majestic Saoutchik limousine

Majestic Major DR450 V8 limousine 1960- long 1968

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1960- Majestic Major DF318 V8 limousine 1968

1962- 2 1/2 Litre V8 Saloon 1967

1967- V8 250 Saloon 1969

1968- DS 420 limousine Vanden Plas 1988

1967- Sovereign (420) berline 1969

1969- Sovereign 4.2 berline (XJ series 1) 1973

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Links: http://www.oldtimer.400.pl/daimler.html http://www.automobile-catalog.com/make/daimler_gb/one-o-four/one-o-four_saloon/1956.html http://www.liquisearch.com/daimler_motor_company/ https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daimler_Motor_Company https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daimler_Majestic https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daimler_Regency http://www.classiccar4you.com/classic-cars-gallery/?album=310&gallery=811 http://daimlerandlanchester.com/how-to-drive-a-pre-selector/ http://www.vorwahlgetriebe.de/ Æ ENV Preselector Gearbox Reparaturen (pbm engineering Home) http://crossley-regis.org/env_type_75_gearbox_manual Æ ENV Type 75 Preselector Gearbox Manual https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vorwählgetriebe

Einheiten: Die Motorleistung amerikanischer Autos wurde nicht in den in Europa üblichen Kilowatt bzw. DIN-PS angegeben, sondern in SAE-PS bzw. SAE bhp (brake horse power). SAE steht dabei für "Society of Automotive Engineers". Die SAE-Norm legte bis 1972 die Angaben in bhp fest. Während die bei uns gebräuchlichen DIN-PS die Nettoleistung des Motors wiedergeben (also an einem Motor inklusive aller Nebenaggregate wie Wasserpumpe, Lichtmaschine etc.), ermittelt man bei den SAE-PS die Brutto-Leistung nur am Motor. Da die einzelnen Aggregate unterschiedlich viel Leistung wegnehmen, gibt es zwischen DIN-PS und SAE-PS keinen einheitlichen Umrechnungsfaktor. In der Regel liegt der SAE- Wert zischen 15 und 20 Prozent über dem DIN-Wert. bhp Abkürzung für brake horse power. Ein bhp entspricht 0,74570 kW oder 1,0139 PS. Der Zusatz brake betont, dass es sich hier um die tatsächliche Leistung in hp handelt und nicht um Steuer-PS nach der Steuerformel.

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Coventry Traditionell war Coventry Zentrum des britischen Fahrzeug- und Motorenbaus. The Company baute ab Mitte der 1880er Jahre zunächst Fahrräder und wurde mit der 1902 begonnenen Motorradfertigung nach dem Ersten Weltkrieg zum größten Hersteller Großbritanniens (siehe auch: Triumph Motorcycles). Ab 1923 war die auch Automobilproduzent. Zur Fertigung von Nutzfahrzeugen wurde 1896 die Daimler Motor Company gegründet. Ab Ende der 1890er Jahre stellten Humber und Riley in Coventry Motorfahrzeuge her. 1903 folgten Standard Motor und die 1904 aus dem Fahrradhersteller Starley & Sutton Co. hervorgegangene . 1907 wurde die Deasy Motor Car Manufacturing gegründet (ab 1909 Siddeley Deasy Motor Manufacturing Company Ltd.), die 1919 mit der Fahrzeug- und Motorensparte des Industriekonzerns zu Armstrong- Siddeley fusionierte. Im gleichen Jahr wurde die T.G. John and Co. Ltd. (Alvis Cars) gegründet. Während des Ersten Weltkriegs wurde die Einnahme von Saint-Denis bei Paris durch das Deutsche Heer befürchtet. Dort befand sich ein Werk des Rüstungsunternehmens Hotchkiss et Cie, das daraufhin in Coventry ein Werk baute. Dieses wurde 1923 als Morris Engines Ltd. zum Motoren- und Getriebewerk der Morris Motor Company. Das ehemalige Hotchkiss-Werk ist heute Teil der (William Morris Building). 1928 siedelte sich die Swallow Coachbuilding Company (ab 1934: SS Cars Ltd) in Foleshill am Nordrand der Stadt an; seit 1945 firmiert das Unternehmen als Jaguar Cars. In den 1920er Jahren wurde Armstrong-Siddeley zu einem bedeutenden Hersteller von Flugmotoren, der Ende der 1930er Jahre auch eine Gasturbine entwickelte. 1966 übernahm Rolls-Royce die Fabrik von an der Parkside von Coventry. Nach der Schließung dieses Standortes im Jahr 1994 gingen der Stadt weitere Arbeitsplätze im Fahrzeug- und Maschinenbau verloren. Mit der Schließung von Jaguars Browns Lane plant und des Werkes von an der Aldermoor Lane haben die letzten beiden Hersteller die Produktion dort eingestellt, so dass seit 2007 keine Automobile mehr in Coventry gebaut werden. Deshalb ist gegenwärtig die Regeneration von nicht mehr genutzten Industrieflächen und die Ansiedlung von neuen, zukunftsfähigen Unternehmen, vor allem im Dienstleistungsbereich, eine zentrale Herausforderung für die Stadt.

Das ehemalige Morris Motoren- und Getriebewerk ist heute als William Morris Building Teil der Coventry University (Photo 2007)

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