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A Study with Apuleia Leiocarpa Bosque, Vol Bosque ISSN: 0304-8799 [email protected] Universidad Austral de Chile Chile Carpenedo Aimi, Suelen; Machado Araujo, Maristela; da Silva Tonetto, Thaíse; Almeri Tabaldi, Luciane; Witt Saldanha, Cleber; Gomes Farias, Júlia; Gomez de Oliveira, Gisele Shading as a conditioning factor to forest species planting: a study with Apuleia leiocarpa Bosque, vol. 38, núm. 2, 2017, pp. 371-379 Universidad Austral de Chile Valdivia, Chile Available in: http://www.redalyc.org/articulo.oa?id=173152521014 How to cite Complete issue Scientific Information System More information about this article Network of Scientific Journals from Latin America, the Caribbean, Spain and Portugal Journal's homepage in redalyc.org Non-profit academic project, developed under the open access initiative BOSQUE 382 371-379, 2017 DOI 10.407/S0717-92002017000200014 Shading as a conditioning actor to orest species planting a study ith Apuleia leiocarpa Intensidad de sombra como condición para la plantación de especies forestales estudio con Apuleia leiocarpa Suelen Carpenedo Aimi a, Maristela Machado Araujo b, Thaíse da Silva Tonetto b, Luciane Almeri Tabaldi c, Cleber itt Saldanha d, Júlia Gomes Farias c, Gisele Gomez de Oliveira b Autor de correspondncia a Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Departamento de Cincias Florestais, Av. Roraima, 1000, CEP 97105-900, Santa Maria, Brasil, tel. 55-3220-827, suaimigmail.com b Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Departamento de Cincias Florestais, Santa Maria, Brasil. c Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Departamento de Biologia, Santa Maria, Brasil. d Fundaão Estadual de Pes uisa Agropecuária, FEPAGRO, Santa Maria, Brasil. SUMMARY This study aimed at identifying the most appropriate level of shading for initial growth of Apuleia leiocarpa seedlings, through their survival, morphological and physiological/biochemical parameters. The following treatments were evaluated 0 full sun, 18, 50 and 70 of shading. Survival was assessed at 30 and 30 days after planting and morphological parameters such as height H, stem diameter SD and H/SD ratio were measured bimonthly for a year. Physiological parameters as contents of chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, chlorophyll a/b ratio, carotenoids, lipid peroidation, acid phosphatase enzme activit, initial uorescence, maimum uorescence, maimum quantum ield o photosstem and electron transport rate ere estimated at and das ater planting. At 30 days after planting d.a.p there was no mortality of Apuleia leiocarpa seedlings inuence o dierent levels o shading. n the assessments perormed at and d.a.p., there as no signicant dierence among levels o shading or H and SD. Hoever, high mortality rates were observed at 30 d.a.p., especially in full sun. Morphological and physiological parameters of Apuleia leiocarpa plants showed this species re uires shading 18 and 50 in their early stages of growth. Key words Fabaceae, morphological and physiological parameters, native species. RESUMEN El objetivo de este estudio ue identicar la intensidad de sombra más adecuada para el crecimiento inicial de plantas de Apuleia leiocarpa , por medio de la supervivencia parámetros morológicos siológicosbioquímicos. Los tratamientos ueron pleno sol; , de sombra. La supervivencia se evaluó a los días despus del trasplante los parámetros morológicos altura H, diámetro del cuello DC la relación HDC, bimensualmente durante un ao. Los parámetros siológicos contenido de clorola a, clorola b, relación clorola ab , carotenoides, peroidación lipídica, actividad de la enzima osatasa ácida, uorescencia inicial, uorescencia máima, rendimiento cuántico máimo del otosistema la tasa de transporte de electrones ueron estimados a los días despus del trasplante. A los días despus de la siembra d.a.p no hubo mortalidad de plántulas de Apuleia leiocarpa ni inuencia de dierentes niveles de sombreado En las evaluaciones realizadas a d.a.p. No hubo dierencia signicativa entre los niveles de sombreado para H SD. Los parámetros morológicos siológicos de las plantas de Apuleia leiocarpa evidencian ue la especie necesita sombra 18 y 50 en su etapa inicial de crecimiento. Palabras clave Fabaceae, parámetros morológicas siológicas, especie nativa. INTRODUCTION According to a stud o endangered native ora o Rio Grande do Sul State Brazil SEMA 2014, several tree Anthropic activities have been causing signicant species ith economic value ere identied, including changes in the structure and functioning of ecosystems, Apuleia leiocarpa J.F. Macbr grápia, which is among resulting in new conditions that lead to alterations of the the critically endangered species. Apuleia leiocarpa was original environments, conse uently, contributing to de- described as having commercial value due to high wood crease and loss of species diversity and habitat extinction ualities, such as easy workability, high natural resistan- Bogaert et al . 2011. ce and multiple uses. Seedlings of Apuleia leiocarpa do 371 BOSQUE 382 371-379, 2017 Shading as conditioning factor to forest species planting not present signicant regeneration in orests understor tosynthetic apparatus Afonso et al . 2012. In addition to being replaced by others with superior tolerance to shade. morphological parameters as height and stem diameter. Furthermore, this species has commercial biotechnolo- These photosynthetic pigments are used in works as ua- gy potential due to its antimicrobial effect for combating lity indicators for the seedlings. It is expected that shading phytopathogenic bacterium of anthomonas campestris may affect the growth of Apuleia leiocarpa seedlings in the Carvalho et al . 2015. Carvalho 2003 describes that spe- eld, presenting higher groth as the intensit o shading cies as having semi-heliophile behavior while Backes and increases. Thus, to establish the suitable planting condition Irgang 2009 classify it as an aggressive pioneer in fallow for Apuleia leiocarpa , the study aimed to identify the most vegetation, ith ide distribution in Brazil and other Latin appropriate level of shading for the initial growth of seed- American countries. lings of species, through plant survival and morphological Apuleia leiocarpa has a wide geographic distribution and physiological/biochemical parameters. that includes from the state of Pará to Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, as well as Argentina, Bolivia, Paraguay, Peru and METHODS Uruguay Carvalho 2003. Furthermore, this species is associated with environmental variation of the regions Characteriation of the study area . The experiment was might be a determining actor in the classication o beha - conducted for a year 2012-2013 in an area near to the Fo- vior when it comes to light demand. In this context, species restr and Nurser Laborator o the Department o Forest with such importance in ecological and timber production Sciences of the Federal University of Santa Maria UFSM should be studied regarding the effects of growth environ- 29 43 12.5 S; 53 43 08.74 O, Rio Grande do Sul ment, thus enabling its establishment in pure and/or enri- State RS, Brazil. According to ppens classication, chment plantations, ith lo risk o losses in the eld. the local climate is Cfa humid subtropical, with mean The selection of tree species must be established ba- temperature in the coldest month between 3 and 18 °C, and sed on the characteristics of the site, planting purpose and, in the warmest month above 22 °C; and mean annual pre- crucially, their physiological, ecological and silviculture cipitation of 1,00-1,900 mm Alvares et al . 2013. Tem- requirements Lamprecht . Lamprecht also perature minimum, average and maximum and monthly mentions that the main obstacle in native forest refers to precipitation data are according to Alvares et al . 2013 insucient knoledge about tropical tree species. Regar - during the stud period and can be observed in gure . ding that, Kageyama and Castro 1989 analyzed forest Seedlings of Apuleia leiocarpa were produced from planting of native species, aiming at systematizing some October to Jul in the Forestr Laborator in cm con - criteria that would serve as a basis to such research. Cu- tainers. The commercial substrate peat based on Sphag- rrently, despite the available and highly relevant work, num , plus 20 of carbonized rice husk, was used. In the however, there is a lack of detailing that encourages the base ertilization Osmocote --, g L -1 substrate use of native tree species of high timber value for outplan- was used. They were randomly selected for planting in the ting, which could provide species conservation associated eld and presented the olloing averages . . with timber use. Although Brancalion et al . 2012 descri- cm o height H; . . mm o stem diameter SD be the existence of information of Brazilian native species and . . cm mm -1 of H/SD ratio. with exception of publications such as Carvalho 2003 Prior to planting, soil characterization of the area was and Kageyama and Castro 1989, other experiences are perormed in the Soil Analsis Laborator UFSM, hich only restricted to ueries. showed the following characteristics low organic matter The species re uirements regarding intensity, duration content 1.3 to 2.0 , phosphorus level from very low to and periodicity of light are among the factors that interfere low 3.4 to 5.3 mg dm -3 , high potassium level 0 to 82 mg -3 -3 in the production of forest plants Azevedo et al . 2015. dm , high magnesium level 1.3 to 2.5 cmol c dm , cal- -3 Response of plants to light availability has a central role cium level from medium to high 3.5 a 7.4 cmol c dm , in determining their distribution and success. Demand for average cation exchange capacity CEC pH 7.0 12.4 to 13.2 -3 light by native forest species is commonly described based cmol c dm , SMP index ranging from 5.4 to .4 and texture on phtosociological studies Lima et al . 2010. However, 3 SBCS/CQFS 2004. Based on chemical properties, soil no studies were found evaluating shading in post-planting, pH was adusted to 5.5 with lime PRNT 75.1 in the hose limitations become more signicant or the plants total area and it was incorporated into the soil one month and re uire adaptation to the new environment.
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