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IAWA Journal, Vol. 18 (4), 1997: 385-399 BARK ANATOMY OF ARBORESCENT LEGUMINOSAE OF CERRADO AND GALLERY FOREST OF CENTRAL BRAZIL by Cecilia G. Costa 1, Vera T. Rauber Coradin 2, Chiudia M. Czarneski2 & Benedito A. da S. Pereira 3 SUMMARY The bark anatomy of28 species of arborescent Leguminosae of 'cerrado' and gallery forest in the Brazilian Federal District was examined. The most significant characteristics for taxonomic purposes were determined to be: delimitation between collapsed and non-collapsed phloem; phloem stratification; type and position of sieve plates; dilatation patterns; ar­ rangement and contents of sc1ereids; and presence of secretory cells. The bark data support the idea that Papilionoideae is the most advanced group of the Leguminosae. Key-words: Bark anatomy, cerrado, Leguminosae, phloem. INTRODUCTION Morphological and anatomical bark characteristics have been used for identification and evaluation of the taxonomic position of plants, e. g. Whitmore (1962), Teixeira et al. (1978), Roth (1981), Trockenbrodt & Parameswaran (1986), Richter (1990), Archer & Van Wyk (1993). There have been more anatomical studies of xylem than of bark because of the economic importance of xylem, its higher decay-resistance and its rela­ tive ease of preparation for anatomical observations. Most wood anatomists use the same terrninology (IAWA 1989), wh ich is not the case for the bark, in spite of the efforts of Esau (1969) and others. Roth (1981) suggested some terms, but her defini­ tions sometimes conflict with already existing ones. Trockenbrodt (1990) critically reviewed the terrninology used in bark anatomy. More recently, Junikka (1994) re­ vised terms used in macroscopical analysis of the bark. The outer bark functions as a thermal insulant that protects the cambium and con­ ducting tissue against high temperatures in forest fires, which is an important role in ecosystems such as the cerrado that are subjected to periodic burnings (MacieI1993). This paper presents an anatomical study of the bark of arborescent Leguminosae occurring in cerrado and in gallery forest of Brazil and aims to deterrnine which fea- 1) Area de Botänica Estrutural, Jardim Botänico do Rio de Janeiro, Rua Jardim Botänico, 1008, 22.460-000 Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil. 2) Laborat6rio de Produtos Florestais, LPF / IBAMA, SAIN Av. L4 Lote 04, 70.818-900 Brasflia, DF, Brazil. 3) Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatfstica, IBGE, Rod. BR 251 Km 1, 70.000 Brasflia, DF, Brazil. Downloaded from Brill.com10/04/2021 04:40:51AM via free access 386 IAWA Journal, Vol. 18 (4), 1997 tures are useful for identification. This family was chosen because of its variety in bark structure (Roth 1981) and for its economical importance. Leguminosae are conspicu­ ous in the cerrado and gallery forest, both in terms of species diversity as weIl as abundance of individuals (Kirkbride 1984). MATERIALS AND METHODS This investigation is based on material from the central region of Brazil. The Leguminosae species studied are listed below, arranged alphabeticaIly. The samples were obtained from the trunk of adult trees of 10 cm or more in diam­ eter, at a height of 1.0-1.3 m. Two sampIes from different individua1s were used when­ ever possib1e. After impregnation with glycol polyethylene (PEG, DP 1500) (Rupp 1964), the material was cut at a thickness of 10-12 11m and double stained with crysoi­ din/ acridin red and astra blue. Maceration of the phloem elements was obtained by a modification ofFranklin's method (Fedalto 1982). Histochemistry tests for lignin and phenolic compounds were made according to Johansen (1940) and Jensen (1962), re­ spectively. Crystals were observed in polarized light and specific tests were used to determine their chemical composition (Strasburger 1924). The G-layer in the gelati­ nous fibres was detected by chlorozinc iodine (Strasburger 1924) and polarized light. Periderm was observed in only some species studied, because it easily falls out in others. The terminology used in this work follows Trockenbrodt's (1990) recommenda­ tions. List of studied species Each name is followed by subfamily, habitat, geographical origin, collection date and herbarium number. Acacia polyphylla A.DC.: Mimosoideae, cerrado, Brasilia (DF) / Brazil, 01109/94, IBGE 32283 - gallery forest, Palmital (MG) / Brazil, 16/11194, IBGE 32474. - Acosmium dasycarpum (Vog.) Yakovl.: Papilionoideae, cerrado, Brasilia (DF) / Brazil, 16/11194, IBGE 32477. - Ana­ denanthera peregrina (L.) Speg.: Mimosoideae, cerrado, Brasilia (DF) / Brazil, 07/93, IBGE 32295 - gallery forest, Palmital (MG) / Brazil, 16/11194, IBGE 32469. -Apuleia leiocarpa (Vog.) Macbr.: Caesalpinioideae, gallery forest, Palmital (MG) / Brazil, 25/03/92, IBGE 29032 - gallery forest, Brasilia (DF) / Brazil, 01/09/94, IBGE 32478. - Bowdichia virgilioides Kunth: Papilionoideae, cerrado, Brasilia (DF) / Brazil, 07/93, IBGE 32296. - Centrolobium to­ mentosum Guilles ex Benth.: Papilionoideae, gallery forest, Brasilia (DF) / Brazil, 01109/94, IBGE Carp. 287. - Copaijera langsdorffii Desf.: Caesalpinioideae, gallery forest, Brasilia (DF) / Brazil, 07/93, IBGE 32293. - Dalbergia miscolobium Benth.: Papilionoideae, cerrado, Brasilia (DF) / Brazil, 23/06/94, IBGE 32287. - Dimorphandra gardneriana Tu!.: Caesalpinioideae, gallery forest, Dian6polis (TO) / Brazil, 12/92, IBGE 29049. - Dimorphandra mollis Benth.: Caesalpinioideae, cerrado, Brasilia (DF) / Brazil, 07/91, IBGE 30218 - cerrado, Brasilia (DF) / Brazil, 16/11194, IBGE 32475. - Dipteryx alata Vog.: Papilionoideae, cerrado, Dian6polis (TO) / Brazil, 06/12/91, IBGE 28783 - cerrada, Sao Joao da Alian<;a (GO) / Brazil, 10/09/94, IBGE 32352. - Enterolobium contortisiliquum (VelI.) Morong.: Mimosoideae, cer­ rada / gallery forest, Brasilia (DF) / Brazil, 01/09/94, IBGE 32297. - Enterolobium gummijerum Downloaded from Brill.com10/04/2021 04:40:51AM via free access Costa, Rauber Coradin, Czarneski & Pereira - Bark of Leguminosae 387 (Mart.) Macbr.: Mimosoideae, cerrado, Brasilia (DF) 1 Brazil, 16/11/94, IBGE 32470 - cerra­ do, Brasilia (DF) 1 Brazil, 16/11/94, IBGE 32461. - Erythrina verna Vell.: Papilionoideae, cerrado, Brasilia (DF) 1 Brazil, 01/91, IBGE 30101 - gallery forest, Brasilia (DF) 1 Brazil, 01/ 09/94, IBGE 32288. - Hymenaea courbaril L.: Caesalpinioideae, gallery forest, Brasilia (DF) 1 Brazil, 07/93, IBGE 32289. - Hymenaea stigonocarpa Mart. ex Hayne: Caesalpinioideae, cerrado, Brasilia (DF) 1 Brazil, 07/93, IBGE 32294. - Machaerium opacum Vog.: Papilionoideae, cerrado, Brasilia (DF) 1 Brazil, 12/91, IBGE 27153 - cerrado, Brasilia (DF) 1 Brazil, 16/11/94, IBGE 32473 - cerrado, Brasilia (DF) 1 Brazil, 16/11/94, IBGE 32471. -Mi­ mosa laticifera Rizzini & Mattos: Mimosoideae, cerrado, Dian6polis (TO) 1 Brazil, 01/92, w 1n. - Parkia platycephala Benth.: Mimosoideae, cerrado, Dian6polis (TO) 1Brazil, 03/12/91, IBGE 29079. - Plathymenia reticulata Benth.: Mimosoideae, cerrado, Brasilia (DF) 1 Brazil, 01/091 94, IBGE 32282. - Platymisciumfloribundum Vog.: Papilionoideae, gallery forest, Brasilia (DF) 1 Brazil, 01/09/94, IBGE 32284. - Platypodium elegans Vog.: Papilionoideae, gallery forest, Brasilia (DF) 1Brazil, 07/93, IBGE 32290. - Pterodon emarginatus Vog.: Papilionoideae, cerrado, Brasilia (DF) 1 Brazil, 16/11/94, IBGE 32472. - Sclerolobium aureum (Tu!.) Benth.: Caesalpinioideae, cerrado, Barreiros (DF) 1 Brazil, 12/91, IBGE 28985 - cerrado, Barreiros (DF) 1 Brazil, 02/92, IBGE 31323 - cerrado, Barreiros (DF) 1 Brazil, 07/93, IBGE 32291.­ Sclerolobium paniculatum var. rubiginosum (Mart. ex Tu!.) Benth.: Caesalpinioideae, gallery forest, Brasilia (DF) 1 Brazil, 12/1 0/92, IBGE 31134 - gallery forest, Brasilia (DF) 1 Brazil, 071 93, IBGE 32292. - Sclerolobium paniculatum var. subvelutinum Benth.: Caesalpinioideae, cerrado, Brasilia (DF) 1 Brazil, 06/94, IBGE 32285. - Slryphnodendron adstringens (Mart.) Covile: Mimosoideae, cerrado, Brasilia (DF) 1 Brazil, 23/06/94, IBGE 26999 - cerrado, Brasilia (DF) 1 Brazil, 23/06/94, IBGE 26107. - Vatairea macrocarpa (Benth.) Ducke: Papilionoideae, cerrado, Brasilia (DF) 1 Brazil, 16/11/94, IBGE 32476. RESULTS Usually the boundary between collapsed and non-collapsed phloem is gradual. A few species have a sharp dei imitation between the two regions, e. g. Acacia polyphylla, Co­ paifera langsdorffii, Dimorphandra mollis, Hymenaea courbaril and Mimosa laticifera. The phloem is usually storied in Papilionoideae (Fig. 1), and non-storied in Caesal­ pinioideae and in Mimosoideae. Among the Caesalpinioideae observed, only Apuleia leiocarpa has storied phloem (Fig. 2). In the majority of Papilionoideae, the conduc­ tive elements, parenchyma cells, fibres and secretory cells are organized in short tan­ gential bands and these bands present a radial pattern, demarcated laterally by phloem rays. Only one member ofPapilionoideae studied, Erythrina verna, presents very large bands ofthose elements (Fig. 3). Gelatinous fibres usually occur in the phloem (Fig. 3, 13, 14); generally they form larger bands in the collapsed phloem, whose walls often are flattened and impregnated by phenolic compounds. The sieve elements can occur isolated or in groups of 2-4 or more elements, in tangential, radial or crowded arrangement. The sieve elements in trans verse section have an irregular shape; in the Caesalpinioideae, they are 268-527 f.lIll in length and 20-37 /lm in diameter, in the Mimosoideae 228-420 f.lIll in length and 20-51 f.lIll in diameter, and in the Papilionoideae 153-304/lm in length and 18-42/lm in diameter (Table I). The Papilionoideae
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  • Redalyc.Genetic Divergence Among Dimorphandra Spp. Accessions Using RAPD Markers

    Redalyc.Genetic Divergence Among Dimorphandra Spp. Accessions Using RAPD Markers

    Ciência Rural ISSN: 0103-8478 [email protected] Universidade Federal de Santa Maria Brasil Pombo Sudré, Cláudia; Rodrigues, Rosana; Azeredo Gonçalves, Leandro Simões; Ronie Martins, Ernane; Gonzaga Pereira, Messias; Santos, Marilene Hilma dos Genetic divergence among Dimorphandra spp. accessions using RAPD markers Ciência Rural, vol. 41, núm. 4, abril, 2011, pp. 608-613 Universidade Federal de Santa Maria Santa Maria, Brasil Available in: http://www.redalyc.org/articulo.oa?id=33118724014 How to cite Complete issue Scientific Information System More information about this article Network of Scientific Journals from Latin America, the Caribbean, Spain and Portugal Journal's homepage in redalyc.org Non-profit academic project, developed under the open access initiative Ciência608 Rural, Santa Maria, v.41, n.4, p.608-613, abr, 2011 Sudré et al. ISSN 0103-8478 Genetic divergence among Dimorphandra spp. accessions using RAPD markers Divergência genética entre acessos de Dimorphandra spp. usando marcadores RAPD Cláudia Pombo SudréI* Rosana RodriguesI Leandro Simões Azeredo GonçalvesI Ernane Ronie MartinsII Messias Gonzaga PereiraI Marilene Hilma dos SantosI ABSTRACT incluir duas espécies que são importantes economicamente como fontes de flavonoides para indústria farmacoquímica The genus Dimorphandra has distinguish (D. mollis Benth. e D. gardneriana Tull.), e espécies endêmicas relevance considering either medicinal or biodiversity aspects do Brasil, como a D. jorgei Silva e D. wilsonii Rizz., sendo esta because it includes two species that are economically important ameaçada de extinção. Objetivando avaliar a variabilidade flavonoids sources for pharmachemical industry (D. mollis entre acessos de D. mollis, D. gardneriana e D. wilsonii, foram Benth. and D. gardneriana Tul.), and species endemic to Brazil, realizadas coletas de frutos separados por planta em três estados such as D.
  • Floristic Composition and Edge-Induced Homogenization in Tree Communities in the Fragmented Atlantic Rainforest of Rio De Janeiro, Brazil

    Floristic Composition and Edge-Induced Homogenization in Tree Communities in the Fragmented Atlantic Rainforest of Rio De Janeiro, Brazil

    Mongabay.com Open Access Journal - Tropical Conservation Science Vol. 9 (2): 852-876, 2016 Research Article Floristic composition and edge-induced homogenization in tree communities in the fragmented Atlantic rainforest of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Oliver Thier1* and Jens Wesenberg2 1 University of Leipzig, Institute for Biology I, Systematic Botany and Functional Biodiversity, Johannisallee 21, 04103 Leipzig, Germany. 2 Senckenberg Museum of Natural History Görlitz, Botany Department, Am Museum 1, 02826 Görlitz, Germany. * Corresponding author. Email: [email protected] Abstract This study investigates the changes of tree species composition and diversity along the gradient from fragment edge to interior, and between edge and interior habitats, on a regional scale, in nine Atlantic forest fragments (6–120 ha), in southeastern Brazil. A total of 1980 trees (dbh ≥ 5 cm) comprising 252 species, 156 genera and 57 families were surveyed using the point-centered quarter method. From the fragment edge towards the interior the proportion of shade-tolerant trees increased continuously. The majority of all trees within the first 100 m from the edge belonged to the pioneer-guild. Floristic dissimilarity was found to be higher among interior habitats of different fragments than among the corresponding edge areas or among different small fragments. Species diversity increased along the edge-interior gradient 1.5 times within the first 250 m. Our results support previous findings that the establishment of edge-affected habitats leads to tree species impoverishment and homogenization via the dominance and proliferation of pioneer species in the forest edges of severely fragmented tropical landscapes. We argue that conservation strategies which include the creation of buffer zones between forest edges and the matrix will be more efficient than the establishment of narrow corridors to connect fragments and protected areas.
  • Genetic Diversity of Plathymenia Reticulata Benth. in Fragments of Atlantic Forest in Southeastern Brazil

    Genetic Diversity of Plathymenia Reticulata Benth. in Fragments of Atlantic Forest in Southeastern Brazil

    Genetic diversity of Plathymenia reticulata Benth. in fragments of Atlantic Forest in southeastern Brazil L.C. Souza1, A.L. Silva Júnior1, M.C. Souza2, S.H. Kunz3 and F.D. Miranda4 1Programa de Pós-Graduação em Genética e Melhoramento, Laboratório de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Centro de Ciências Agrárias e Engenharias, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Alegre, ES, Brasil 2Laboratório de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Centro de Ciências Agrárias e Engenharias, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Alegre, ES, Brasil 3Departamento de Ciências Florestais e da Madeira, Centro de Ciências Agrárias e Engenharias Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Jerônimo Monteiro, ES, Brasil 4Departamento de Biologia, Centro de Ciências Exatas Naturais e da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Alegre, ES, Brasil Corresponding author: L.C. Souza E-mail: [email protected] Genet. Mol. Res. 16 (3): gmr16039775 Received July 10, 2017 Accepted August 25, 2017 Published September 21, 2017 DOI http://dx.doi.org/10.4238/gmr16039775 Copyright © 2017 The Authors. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution ShareAlike (CC BY-SA) 4.0 License. ABSTRACT. Studies of genetic diversity in natural populations are important for the definition of conservation strategies, especially in populations reduced by processes of fragmentation and continuous forest extraction. Molecular markers stand out as interesting tools for these studies. The objective of this research was to characterize the diversity and genetic structure of Plathymenia reticulata (Fabaceae), occurring in two fragments of the Montana Semideciduous Forest in the southern of Espírito Santo State, Brazil, using inter-simple sequence Genetics and Molecular Research 16 (3): gmr16039775 L.C.
  • Plant Structure in the Brazilian Neotropical Savannah Species

    Plant Structure in the Brazilian Neotropical Savannah Species

    Chapter 16 Plant Structure in the Brazilian Neotropical Savannah Species Suzane Margaret Fank-de-Carvalho, Nádia Sílvia Somavilla, Maria Salete Marchioretto and Sônia Nair Báo Additional information is available at the end of the chapter http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/59066 1. Introduction This chapter presents a review of some important literature linking plant structure with function and/or as response to the environment in Brazilian neotropical savannah species, exemplifying mostly with Amaranthaceae and Melastomataceae and emphasizing the environment potential role in the development of such a structure. Brazil is recognized as the 17th country in megadiversity of plants, with 17,630 endemic species among a total of 31,162 Angiosperms [1]. The focus in the Brazilian Cerrado Biome (Brazilian Neotropical Savannah) species is justified because this Biome is recognized as a World Priority Hotspot for Conservation, with more than 7,000 plant species and around 4,400 endemic plants [2-3]. The Brazilian Cerrado Biome is a tropical savannah-like ecosystem that occupies about 2 millions of km² (from 3-24° Latitude S and from 41-43° Longitude W), with a hot, semi-humid seasonal climate formed by a dry winter (from May to September) and a rainy summer (from October to April) [4-8]. Cerrado has a large variety of landscapes, from tall savannah woodland to low open grassland with no woody plants and wetlands, as palm swamps, supporting the richest flora among the world’s savannahs-more than 7,000 native species of vascular plants- with high degree of endemism [3, 6]. The “cerrado” word is used to the typical vegetation, with grasses, herbs and 30-40% of woody plants [9-10] where trees and bushes display contorted trunk and branches with thick and fire-resistant bark, shiny coriaceous leaves and are usually recovered with dense indumentum [10].