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CM 1988/M1~ the Exploration of the Sea Anadromous & Catadromous Fish Committee

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CM 1988/M1~ the Exploration of the Sea Anadromous & Catadromous Fish Committee • International Council for CM 1988/M1~ the Exploration of the Sea Anadromous & Catadromous Fish Committee FLUCTUATIONS IN THECOUNT, CATCHES AND CHARACTERISTICS OF IRISH SALMON FROM SELECTED RIVERINE FISHERIES by Eileen Twomey r Fisheries Research Centre Abbotstown Castleknock • Dublin 15 ABSTRACT ~luctuations in the catches of Irish salmon have been weIl documented over the years by Irish salmon workers. Catch statistics relating to two estuarine fisheries are discussed to show the changes that have occurred both in the numbers and characteristics of salmon being exploited in the inshore draft (seine) net and traps from 1948 to 1987. Up to the late sixties the salmon catch in thc inshore nets and traps ware subje~t to tha normal fluctuations that occur in salmon catche~. With a change in thc regulations governing drift netting there was a marked decline in the numbers of salmon taken in the inshore nets and traps. This 1s also reflected in the count of salmon entering the River Shannon. A corresponding increase was notcd in the numbers of fish taken in the coastal drift net fishery. This change in the pattern of exploitation was confined to the 1 soa winter fish. The coastal drift net fishery takes place in thc summer months ­ June/JulYi whenthe bulkof the 1 sea winter fish make their appcarancc in Irish coastal waters. This change in pattern of exploitation is also reflected in the reported catch statistics for the whole country. In 1960 19% of the catch was taken in drift nets. This increased to 85% in 1985. -1- / \ .. 1. Introduction: .,... This paper describes the 'fluctuations iri the annual catch of salmon from two river systems. Also thc numbcrs of· fish counted through Thomorid Weir on the River Shannon which gives the total count of all salmon entering this system. This data is plotted against thc nufubers of salmon taken in the drift net fishcries extending from the Donegal coast in~the north west to the Kerry coast in the south west of the country Fig. 1 shows thc location of thc rivers and the drift net fisheries described in this paper. 2. Material & Method: Annual catch data is available from the RiverMoy from 1948 to 1987 and the River Corrib for 1956 to 1985. The total count of • fish is available in a daily basis for the River Shannon from 1941 to 1982. The catch data and count is expresscd in 5 year moving averages. Based on time of ,running and scale analysis the catches for thc River Moy and River Corrib and thc count of fish at Thomond Weir on the River Shannon is classified either as 1 sea winter or multi sea winter. The drift net fishery takes place in June!July; Scale analysis has shown that 98 per cent of the fish. taken in this fishery ar'e 1 'sea winter ftsh.· 3. Results: . \. 3.1 River Moy. River catch data for the River Moy is expressed graphically in Fig. 2 as 1 sea winter and multi sea winter (mostly 2 sea winter) fish. The data was obtained from the Moy Fishery Company who operated the fishery until it was purchased by the State in 1987. The classification into 1 sea winter and 2 sea winter is based on the analysis of the stock • carried out from 1954 to 1956 Twomey (1956) and from 1967 to 1969, Wcnt and .Twomcy (1971). The average annual catch of 1 sea winter fish was high in the period 1953 to 1964. There was a dccline in the catch of 1 sea winter fish from 1965 to 1967 with a slight increase from 1968 to 1973. From 1974 onwards thcrc is a marken decrease which continued through to 1987. In Fig. 3 the Moy 1 sea . winter ,fish are plotted agairist the catch in ~he Donegal and North Mayo (North West drift nets). The decline in catch in the River Moy from 1965 onwards can be associated with the increased numbers of fish taken in the drift nets. It is known that the Donegal and North Mayo drifts exploit a proportion of the 1 sea winter stocks which are destined for the River Moy, Went (1958) Moriarty (1968). -2- , . r"•• ,. ~\~ ..- . , . The earlier run fish (February/May) are not exploited by the 'drift nets. There is, however, a decline from 1975 on~ard, in the 2 sea winter component also. 3.2 River Corrib: The Galway Fishery is'the term given to the .commercial fishery in "the River Corrib. Up:to 1982 the fishery was in private hands. In 1983 it was acquired by the State. Catches of 1 sea winter and multi sea winter fish for the period 1958 to 1985 are given graphically in Fig. 4. In the case of the Galway Fishery fluctuations in catches could be in part due to change in effort. Up to the mid sixties both nets and traps were operated. Thereafter nets were operated spasmodically and since 1972 are no longer in use~ .~. • The catch in this fishery has been divided into 1 sea winter and multi sea winter fish on the basis of scale analysis and time of run. Hewetson (1958) and Browne (unpublished data). There was an increase in the numbers of 1 sea winter fish during the period 1963 to 1975 and a similar increase was in evidence in the multi sea winter fish from 1964 to 1971:' There was a marked decline in the catch of 1 sea winter thereafter up to the present time. The decline in multi sea ~inter fish occurred from 1980 onwards but is not as marked--as the 1 sea winter fish. The decline in catches of the 1 sea winter fish from 1971 onwards can be associated with the commencement of a drift net fishery in 1969. Prior to this drift netting was prohibited in the Galway area. Adult tagging of salmon in the drift net fishery, McCarthy (1987) and microtagging of smolts in the River Corrib Browne (1988) has shown that the Corrib contributes a substantial amount of fish to the Galway and North West drift net fishery. In Fig. 5 the 1 sea winter fish are plotted against the catch in the Galway drift net fishery and the decline can be associated with the increase in catch in the Galway drift net fishery. 3.3 River Shannon: An important fishery in the Shannon was that of Thomond Weir at which the daily runs of salmon were recorded fram 1941 to 1982. A total count of salmon entering the system was available from 1941 onwards. The Thomond Weir Fishery ceased operation in 1978 but the count of salmon continued until 1982. -3- , ": ,~,:' .. .. '- .... ' ...... Scale analysis was carried out, over'a 'lo~g period -from sampIes taken at the commercial fishery in Thomond lveir; Went & Twomey (1971). Based on scale analysis and time of run the cqunt of salmon has been characterised into 1 sea winter arid multi sea winter (mostly 2 sea winter). The total count together with the 1 se~,,~inter and multi sea winter components ~s given in Fig. 6. The level of 1 sea winte~ fish in the River Shannon was high in 1941 hut it declined f~om 1945 to 1948. Thereafter the stocks showed an increase and this was reflected hoth in the 1 sea winter and 2 sea winter fish. There was a further increase in the 1 sea winter component from 1965 to 1971 but a 'decline was in evidence from 1972 onwards. There was a corresponding decline in the 2 sea winter fish during the same period but it was not as marked as in the 1 sea winter fish. 41 As in the case of the River Moy and the River Corrib the commencement of the drift net fishery along the Galway and Kerry coast was an important factor in reducing the numbers of fish entering the River Shannon~ Fig. 7 shows the dramatic risein the drift net catches in the Kerry area and the increase 'also in the Galway area. The decline in the stocks of 1 sea winter entering the Shannonis associated with the commencement of the drift net fishery in 1969. The microtagging.programme of smolts which was initiated iri the R. Shannon in 1979 has shown that the Shannon fish are heavily e~:ploited hy these drift nets, Browne (unpublished data 1979-1987). 3~4 Nominal catch statistics: Catch statistics have been compiled annually since 1945. For the purpose of this paper the proportion of fish byweight taken by instruments of capture are given in Table 1 for the period 1960 to 1986~ The main instruments of capture are the • coastal drift nets and the inshore draft nets. The revokation of the ban on drift netting in 1969 resulted in an increase in 'the driftnet catch with a correspondence decrease in the catch taken by the inshore draft nets. In 1961 the proportion of fish taken in the drift nets was 16 per cent. By 1985 it had increased to 85 per cent Anon (1987). 4. Discussion: Except for the River Shannon the information given in this paper has been obtained from the catches and not from the runs of fish. The information available suffers from this defect but in the absence of other data it must be used to assess the nature of the fluctuations iri the salmon stocks. ~4- ' ..--------- ---- .," The weather has an important bearing on the degree of ~'exploitation rit any one time~ The traps in the River Moy and the River Corrib.are not efficient during periods of·high 'water~ The draft (seine) net on the other hand cannot operate effectively in times of heavy flood partly because the gea~ itself becomes inefficient and partly because the fish tend to run through.the estuary quickly irito freshwater, whereas in ~drought conditions fish do not enter freshwater easily and are ~~subj ect to capture as they move up and down the estuary with 'the tide.
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