American Association of Equine Practitioners
2021 Leadership Resource Guide
American Association of Equine Practitioners 2021 Leadership Resource Guide C1C1 TABLE OF CONTENTS
2021 Board of Directors...... 2 AAEP Staff & Responsibilities by Department...... 3 Council Listings...... 4 Committee Listings Educational Programs...... 4 Finance & Audit...... 5 Infectious Disease...... 5 Member Engagement...... 5 Nominating...... 5 Performance Horse...... 5 Professional Conduct & Ethics...... 6 Racing...... 6 Scientific Review & Editorial...... 6 Wellness...... 6 Awards...... 7 Equine and Veterinary Organizations...... 11 AAEP Student Chapters...... 14 Regulation and Legislative Advocacy Resources ...... 16 AVMA Representation 2021 ...... 16 AAEP Ethical and Professional Guidelines...... 17 Genetic Defects...... 18 Equine Welfare...... 19 AAEP Principles of Equine Welfare...... 19 Equids Used in Entertainment, Shows and for Exhibition...... 19 Practice of Hemi-Castration...... 20 Stewardship of the Horse...... 20 Transportation and Processing of Horses...... 20 Management of Mares Utilized in the PMU Collection Industry...... 20 Management of Bureau of Land Management Wild Horses and Burros...... 20 Use of Horses in Urban Environments...... 21 Use of Vesicants...... 21 Practice of Soring...... 22 Tail Alteration in Horses...... 22 Thermocautery or Pin Firing...... 22 Use of Hog Rings...... 22 Position on Equine Exercise...... 22 Horse Show...... 22 Horse Show Official Veterinarian...... 22 Medication...... 23 Endurance Horse Medications...... 23 Therapeutic Medication for the Racehorse...... 23 Therapeutic Medication for the Competition Horse...... 24 Use of Anabolic Steroids...... 24 Use of Corticosteroids...... 25 Use of Medroxyprogesterone Acetate in Competition Horses...... 25 Racing...... 25 Private Practice by Regulatory Veterinarians...... 25 Reproduction...... 25 Veterinary Management of Broodmares...... 25 Transported Semen as it Relates to Equine Viral Arteritis (EVA)...... 26 Veterinary Management of the Breeding Stallion...... 26 Equine Viral Arteritis (EVA)...... 26 Breeding Terminology...... 26 Sales Issues...... 27 Therapeutic Medication to Horses for Sale at Public Auction...... 27 Cryptorchid Definition...... 28 Dental Malocclusions...... 28 Pre-Sale Videoendoscopic Examination of the Upper Airway at Public Auction...... 28 Post-Sale Examination of Horses Intended for Racing...... 29 Reporting Purchase Examinations...... 29 Purchase Exams at Public Auction...... 30 Radiographs – Custody and Distribution...... 30 Sale Disclosure...... 30 Veterinary Practice...... 30 Practice of Veterinary Medicine...... 30 Roles of Healthcare Providers in Veterinary Medicine...... 30 Levels of Supervision...... 31 Contingency Fees...... 31 Conflicts of Interest...... 31 Equine Dentistry...... 32 Euthanasia...... 32 Equine Veterinary Case Referral...... 32 Equine Veterinary Compounding...... 33 Judicious Use of Antimicrobials ...... 34 Policy for Membership Denial and Disciplinary Procedures...... 35 AAEP Articles of Incorporation and Bylaws...... 39 AAEP 2020-2023 Strategic Plan...... inside back cover
2021 Leadership Resource Guide 1 2021 AAEP BOARD OF DIRECTORS
President President-Elect Vice President Treasurer Scott A. Hay, DVM Emma K. Read, DVM, Robert P. Franklin, DVM, Amy L. Grice, VMD, MBA Teigland Franklin & Brokken MVSc, DACVS DACVIM Amy Grice VMD MBA LLC 12277 SW 55th St 5133 Reserve Dr Fredericksburg Equine PO Box 192 Ste 900 Dublin, OH 53017-8400 Veterinary Services 320 E Crittenden St Fort Lauderdale, FL 33330 (403) 971-2637 937 Leyendecker Rd Virginia City, MT 59755 Fredericksburg, TX 78624 (954) 680-5886 [email protected] (845) 399-1886 (830) 990-9052 [email protected] [email protected] [email protected]
Immediate Past President Luke Bass, DVM, MS, Mitchell K. Rode, DVM Amanda M. House, DVM, David D. Frisbie, DVM, Ph.D., DABVP (2021) (2021) DACVIM (2022) DACVS, DACVSMR Colorado State University Clarke Equine Wellness & PO Box 100136 CSU – ORC/TMI 3358 Laredo Ln Performance PC Gainesville, FL 32610 300 W Drake Rd Fort Collins, CO 80526-4234 PO Box 392 (352) 215-3717 Fort Collins, CO 80523 (970) 420-0973 Berryville, VA 22611-0392 [email protected] (970) 217-2565 [email protected] (540) 955-9115 [email protected] [email protected]
Sarah Reuss, VMD, DACVIM Emma Adam, DVM, Erin Denney-Jones, DVM James A. Zeliff, DVM, (2022) DACVIM, Ph.D. (2023) (2023) MBA (2023) 1020 Cathedral Dr University of Kentucky Florida Equine Vet Allegheny Equine Associates Alpharetta, GA 30004-6729 PO Box 12243 Services Inc 9015 Sampson Ln (484) 467-2502 Lexington, KY 40582 PO Box 120913 Murrysville, PA 15668-9368 sarah.reuss@boehringer- (484) 880-9470 Clermont, FL 34712-0913 (724) 325-4615 ingelheim.com [email protected] (352) 241-0383 [email protected] [email protected]
2 AAEP AAEP Staff & Responsibilities by Department
Executive Director – David Foley Sue Stivers – Executive Assistant
Education – Karen Pautz, Director Information Technology – Kevin Hinchman, Director Areas of responsibility: Areas of responsibility: Educational Programming Internal IT (Firewalls, Employee Equipment, Networks, etc.) Curriculum Innovations & E-Learning Member IT Functions (Website, Apps, Listservs, etc.) Team: Team: Carey Ross – Scientific Publications Coordinator Amity Wahl – Communications & Technology Coordinator
Finance & Operations – Lori Rawls, Director Marketing & Communications – Sally Baker, Director Areas of responsibility: Areas of responsibility: Meetings & Conventions Marketing, Communications & Public Relations General Office Operations Publications Physical Plant Social Media Financial Reporting On Call Team: Wellness & Diversity Initiatives Debbie Miles – Trade Show Coordinator AAEP Touch Program Jayson Page – Office Manager Team: John Cooney – Publications Coordinator Giulia Garcia – Communications Coordinator Industry Relations – Keith Kleine, Director Areas of responsibility: Membership – Nick Altwies, Director Advertising, Sponsorships & Partnerships Areas of responsibility: Advocacy & Public Policy Membership Programs & Services Other Industry Issues (Equine Welfare, Infectious Disease, Renewal & Retention Disaster Preparedness & Relief) Volunteers Equine Disease Communication Center Student Programs The Foundation for the Horse Team: Team: Sadie Boschert – Student Programs Coordinator Dana Kirkland – Sponsorship & Advertising Coordinator Megan Gray – Member Concierge Katie McDaniel – EDCC Communications Manager Kristin Walker – Membership & Event Services Coordinator Paul Ransdell – Foundation Senior Development Officer Elaine Young – Foundation Development & Communications Coordinator To email an AAEP staff member, use the individual’s first initial followed by last name @aaep.org (e.g., [email protected]).
Offices
American Association of Equine Practitioners
4033 Iron Works Parkway | Lexington, KY 40511 (800) 443-0177 (U.S. and Canada) | (859) 233-0147 | Fax: (859) 233-1968 AAEP office e-mail: [email protected] AAEP website: aaep.org The Foundation for the Horse website: foundationforthehorse.org Equine Disease Communication Center website: equinediseasecc.org
2021 Leadership Resource Guide 3 COUNCILS & COMMITTEES
Councils are volunteer groups within the AAEP with a specific charge to provide guidance to the AAEP leadership. Councils may recommend the formation of task forces, member education, position statement development, motions for the board of directors, or other courses of action on a particular issue related to their subject area.
Committees are volunteer work groups within the AAEP that have an ongoing, annual function and a focused charge related to a specific area of veterinary medicine, the equine industry or association governance. Policies and procedures relative to committees (e.g. appointment, terms, eligibility, etc.) are further defined in the AAEP Articles of Incorporation and Bylaws.
Foundation Advisory Council Welfare & Public Policy To partner with staff in fundraising and development efforts, Advisory Council prioritize and make funding recommendations, and propose poli- To monitor welfare issues and matters of public policy in both the cies for board consideration for The Foundation for the Horse, equine industry and veterinary profession for the purpose of advising AAEP’s 501(c)(3) charitable arm. AAEP leadership on such matters as well as to make recommenda- tions on a particular course of action by the association. Rick Mitchell, Chair (203) 270-3600 • [email protected] Alina Vale, Chair (858) 354-0080 • [email protected] Anthony Blikslager, Vice Chair (919) 513-7725 • [email protected] Board Liaison: Sarah Reuss Staff Liaisons: Sally Baker/Keith Kleine Board Liaison: Mitchell Rode Staff Liaison: Keith Kleine 2021 2023 Ex-officio Members: Mary Bell Casille Batten Stuart Brown 2021 2022 2023 Alan Goldhahn Natalie Cooper- Nora Grenager Michelle Barton Anthony Blikslager Drew Buechley Lauren Kleine Towns Clara Mason Brian Carroll Michelle Coleman Betsy Juliano Bernadette Smith Kenneth Jacobsen Brad Tanner Bonnie Comerford Bridget Heilsberg Al Kane Samantha Mixon Jim Zeliff Monty McInturff Becky McConnico Eric Krawitt 2022 Bart Sutherland Bill Moyer Ron McDaniel Stephen Reed Margaret Brosnahan Melanie Smith Taylor Rick Mitchell Julie Wilson George Dyck Kathleen Waldorf Amy Poulin-Braim Ian Harrison Nat White Brooke Woodruff Jim Zeliff Educational Programs Committee To provide input and oversight on all AAEP-related educational pro- President’s Advisory Council gramming, including the annual convention, ancillary meetings, and online education; to review/develop policy recommendations relative To serve as a resource for the president and provide historical to continuing education; and to review and make recommendations perspective for the leadership. based on member evaluations of programming.
David Frisbie, Chair and Board Liaison Charlie Scoggin, Chair (970) 217-2565 • [email protected] (859) 233-0371 • [email protected]
Kathleen M. Anderson Eleanor M. Green Erin Contino, Vice Chair Rick M. Arthur J. Clyde Johnson (970) 556-3931 • [email protected] G. Marvin Beeman A. Gary Lavin Jeffrey T. Berk Thomas R. Lenz Board Liaison: Luke Bass Jerry B. Black Robert D. Lewis Staff Liaison: Carey Ross Jeff A. Blea Margo L. Macpherson Larry R. Bramlage C. Wayne McIlwraith 2021 2022 2023 Thomas D. Brokken John S. Mitchell Myra Barrett Heidi Banse Erin Contino G. Kent Carter William A. Moyer Scott Hay Raul Bras Rob Franklin James R. Coffman Gary L. Norwood Barbara Jones Josh Donnell Robert W. Copelan Scott E. Palmer Charlie Scoggin Ryland Edwards, III Douglas G. Corey Richard J. Sheehan Sherry Johnson R. Reynolds Cowles, Jr. Terry D. Swanson Craig Lesser Ann E. Dwyer Charles D. Vail Emma Read Daniel V. Flynn John T. Vaughan Maria Schnobrich Benjamin Franklin, Jr. Harry W. Werner Debbie Spike-Pierce David D. Frisbie Nathaniel A. White, II
4 AAEP COMMITTEES
Finance & Audit Committee Member Engagement Committee To review the finances for both the AAEP and The Foundation for To identify and develop future leaders within the AAEP for the Horse and to make recommendations to the board on achiev- councils, committees and task forces. ing board-defined financial goals along with funding strategies to achieve them; to review and make recommendations to the board Will French, Chair on financial policy and budgets taking into account investment (720) 234-3684 • [email protected] performance, economic conditions and other factors that may impact short- and long-term financial stability; to develop budget- Board Liaison: Emma Adam ing projections with staff, for both the AAEP and The Foundation, Staff Liaison: Nick Altwies that integrate the strategic plan and other initiatives; to approve the budget within the finance committee for submission to the 2021 2022 2023 board; to make recommendations on board appropriations and Amanda Armentrout Jackie Boggs Betsy Charles capital expenditures; and to conduct semi-annual review with Jackie Christakos Jeremiah Easley Will French investment advisor(s). Additionally, the committee will ensure an Liberty Getman Bridget Heilsberg Caleb Harms accounting firm is selected for an annual audit or review of both Karen Jackman Jennifer Linton Zach Loppnow the AAEP and The Foundation for the Horse with results reviewed Sarah Reuss Dane Tatarniuk Karen Nyrop by the committee prior to presentation to the AAEP board. Olivia Rudolphi Jennifer Reda Holly Stewart Amy Grice, Chair and Board Liaison Harry Werner (845) 399-1886 • [email protected] Staff Liaison: Lori Rawls Nominating Committee
2021 2022 Non-AAEP ex-officio To oversee elections of board members; provide input to the board Rob Franklin Rick Mitchell member: on policy matters related to leadership in the association; and to David Frisbie Drew Buechley see that leadership positions are filled on a fair and equitable basis Lisa Metcalf 2023 with the best interest of the association in mind. Amy Grice Jim Zeliff Jeff Berk, Chair (352) 843-3030 • [email protected] Infectious Disease Committee Staff Liaison: David Foley
To monitor and update disease information on a regular basis for 2021 2022 2023 the Equine Disease Communication Center and AAEP websites, as Margo Macpherson Jeff Berk David Frisbie well as AAEP Control and Vaccination Guidelines; and to make Mitchell Rode Foster Northrop additions, updates and relevant changes as needed. Additionally, Phoebe Smith Sarah Reuss the committee will also serve to evaluate infectious disease issues affecting the equine population and recommend courses of action to the AAEP leadership. Performance Horse Committee Sally DeNotta, Chair To proactively identify and address issues of importance to equine (607) 422-4200 • [email protected] veterinarians and horse show entities; to provide leadership and expertise on all aspects of the performance horse that affect the Board Liaison: Amanda House health and welfare of the horse and the integrity of the competition; Staff Liaisons: Keith Kleine/Katie McDaniel to communicate to AAEP members and other stakeholders AAEP positions and recommendations on those issues; and, to educate 2021 2022 2023 AAEP members and stakeholders on best practices and ethical care Jacquelin Boggs Lisa Fultz Ashley Boyle of the performance horse. Noah Cohen Siddra Hines Sally DeNotta Katie Flynn Amy Johnson Ron Vin Mark Baus, Chair Piper Norton Barbara Jones (203) 733-0789 • [email protected] Abby Sage Angela Pelzel- Ex-officio member: Karie Vander Werf McCluskey Nat White Board Liaison: Erin Denney-Jones Ashley Whitehead Staff Liaison: David Foley 2021 2022 2023 Mark Baus Kathleen Anderson Lori Bidwell Brent Hague Liz Barrett Amy Poulin-Braim Sherry Johnson Lane Easter Olivia Rudolphi Mark Revenaugh Sarah Gold Stephen Schumacher Faith Hughes Mike Tomlinson Rick Mitchell Andrea Sotela
2021 Leadership Resource Guide 5 COMMITTEES
Professional Conduct & Scientific Review & Ethics Committee Editorial Committee To review and analyze ethical issues facing the AAEP membership To help develop the definitive program content for AAEP CE and to educate the membership on these issues; to formulate and Meetings by providing input to the Educational Programs review recommendations relative to AAEP position statements as Committee (EPC) and assisting in the production of the highest they pertain to ethical practice; to develop and conduct a review quality proceedings papers through review. procedure for evaluating complaints and allegations of unethical practice by AAEP members; and, to recommend disciplinary action Charlie Scoggin, Chair to the board regarding membership privileges. (859) 233-0371 • [email protected] Erin Contino, Vice Chair Duane Chappell, Chair (970) 556-3931 • [email protected] (217) 827-0093 • [email protected] Board Liaison: Luke Bass Board Liaison: Jim Zeliff Staff Liaison: Carey Ross Staff Liaison: David Foley 2021 2022 2023 2021 2022 2023 Liz Arbittier Leea Arnold Anna Chapman Stacy Anderson Dionne Benson Dixie Burner Myra Barrett Heidi Banse Erin Contino Brent Cassady Jackie Christakos Ryan Carpenter Ben Buchanan Beth Biscoe Jack Easley Jennifer Durenberger Chris Wilhite Juliea McCall Ashley Craig Raul Bras Aimee Eggleston Nick Huggons Peter Morresey Leslie Easterwood Jim Bryant Ahearn Rosemary LoGiudice Caitlin O’Shea Casey Gruber Ty Corbiell Robyn Ellerbrock Mary Scollay Mary Beth Whitcomb Barbara Jones Josh Donnell Ryan Ferris Kelley Jones Ryland Edwards, III Nick Huggons Lisa Katz Bill Gilsenan Laura Javsicas Melissa King Amy Johnson Meghann Lustgarten Racing Committee Valerie Moorman Cody Johnson Tim Lynch Karen Nyrop Taylor Myers Ashley Olds-Sanchez To proactively identify and address issues of importance to equine John Peloso Peter Morresey Nicole Scherrer veterinarians and racing authorities; to provide leadership and Alfredo Romero Meg Mullin Lauren Schnabel expertise on all aspects of racing that affect the health and welfare Sarah Sampson Britany Nehring- Katie Seabaugh of the horse; to communicate to AAEP members and racing stake- Carrie Schlachter Lappin Jeremy Shaba holders, the AAEP’s positions and recommendations pursuant to Charlie Scoggin Mike Pownall the welfare and safety of the horse; and, to educate AAEP mem- Mike Tomlinson Maria Schnobrich bers and industry stakeholders regarding best practices and ethical Jeremy Whitman Debbie Spike-Pierce care of the racehorse. Amanda Trimble Jeff Berk, Chair Claudia True (352) 843-3030 • [email protected] Cara Wright Kate Wulster Board Liaison: Emma Adam Staff Liaison: Sally Baker
2021 2022 2023 Wellness Committee Ryan Carpenter Jeff Berk Jennifer Durenberger To develop and provide resources to the membership on wellness Kevin Dunlavy Jeff Blea L. Chip Johnson and wellbeing issues, including educational programming, in an Eoin Kelly Mike Latessa Christopher Kawcak effort to improve quality of practice and life. Clayton McCook John Madison Deborah Lamparter John Peloso Sara Langsam Rob Franklin, Chair Ex-officio member: Mary Scollay Alison Moore Clara Mason Susan Stover (830) 990-9052 • [email protected] Board Liaison: Amanda House Staff Liaison: Sally Baker
2021 2022 2023 Keith Chaffin Aimee Eggleston Will French Rob Franklin Ahearn Cara Rosenbaum Amy Grice Margo Macpherson Erin Trawick-Smith Jamie Pribyl Stephanie Walbornn
6 AAEP awards
The Lavin Cup, The Equine Welfare Award of AAEP The purpose of this award is to recognize a non-veterinary organization or individual that has demonstrated exceptional compassion or developed and enforced rules and guidelines for the welfare of horses.
Past Winners 2020 New Vocations Racehorse 2009 North American Equine Ranching 2002 Dayton O. Hyde Adoption Program Information Council (NAERIC) 1999 Tom Dorrance 2019 The Right Horse Initiative 2008 Hanover Shoe Farms 1998 Thoroughbred Retirement 2017 Ryerss Farm for Aged Equines 2007 Finger Lakes Thoroughbred Foundation, Inc. 2016 Michael Blowen, Founder, Adoption Program 1997 American Quarter Horse Old Friends Equine 2005 Days End Farm Horse Rescue Association 2014 Robbie Timmons, President, 2004 Herb and Ellen Moelis, 1996 California Horse Racing Board Canter USA Thoroughbred Charities of 2012 Christian Veterinary Mission America 2010 Society for the Protection of 2003 Professional Rodeo Cowboys Animals Abroad (SPANA) Association (PRCA) AAEP George Stubbs Award The George Stubbs Award recognizes the contributions made to equine veterinary medicine by individuals other than veterinarians. The award is named for George Stubbs (1724-1806), the artist and teacher who played a vital role in veterinary education. He studied and taught anatomy at York Hospital in England, using detailed drawings as a guide to equine anatomy. His reference book, Anatomy of the Horse, published more than 200 years ago, is still universally recognized as an authoritative anatomical depiction. Past Winners 2016 Jay Hickey 2007 Roy and Gretchen Jackson and 2000 Gary L. Carpenter President, American Horse Michael Matz AAEP Executive Director Council (1993-2016) Barbaro’s Owners and Trainer 1991-2000 2014 Dell Hancock 2007 George Bagby, MD, MS 1999 Kenneth L. Maddy Chair, Grayson-Jockey Club Orthopedic Surgeon Former California State Senator Research Foundation 2005 Edward L. Squires, PhD 1997 Duncan Alexander 2011 Susan McDonnell, PhD Equine Reproduction Researcher American Live Stock Insurance Equine Behaviorial Researcher and Professor Company 2008 John K. and Marianne Castle 2004 Gene Pranzo, Director 1993 Paul Mellon Benefactors of the bi-annual Equine Research Foundation Philanthropist, horseman International Equine Conference Dorothy Havemeyer Foundation 1993 R. Richards Rolapp, Esq. on Laminitis and Diseases President, American Horse of the Foot Council (1978-1993) Eligibility Individuals eligible for this award are those persons who have not received a degree in veterinary medicine and do not practice veterinary medicine. However, the individual must have been directly responsible for performing an act or acts to benefit the field of equine veteri- nary medicine in any or all of the following areas: • Leadership • Product Development • Public Service • Public Policy Development • Volunteer Service • Animal Advocacy • Research Findings • Humane Education The accomplishments may be based on a sustained effort or an extraordinary single achievement.
Sage Kester Beyond the Call Award Presented to an individual who has made significant and long-lasting contributions to equine veterinary medicine and the community, the “Beyond the Call” award is named in honor of its first recipient, the late General Wayne O. “Sage” Kester, DVM. Past Winners 2020 Scott Palmer, DVM 2018 Tom Lenz, DVM 2017 Nancy Collins, DVM 2010 Charles Raker, VMD 1999 G. Marvin Beeman, DVM
2021 Leadership Resource Guide 7 AWARDS
Distinguished Service Award This honor recognizes individuals who have provided exemplary service to the AAEP or a similar organization to the benefit of the horse, horse industry or the profession of equine veterinary medicine. Past Winners 2020 Mary Scollay, DVM 2009 Scott E. Palmer, VMD 2004 Nathaniel A. White, II, DVM, Keith D. Kleine, MS Sally J. Baker, APR DACVS 2018 Kent Fowler, DVM 2008 Susan L. White, DVM, DACVIM 2002 H. Steve Conboy, DVM 2016 William A. Moyer, DVM 2007 Gary L. Norwood, DVM Jay G. Merriam, DVM 2015 Brad Mitchell 2006 Larry R. Bramlage, DVM, MS 2001 Nat T. Messer, IV, DVM 2014 Larry R. Bramlage, DVM, MS John E. Madigan, DVM David L. Foley, CAE C. Wayne McIlwraith, BVSc, PhD Claude A. Ragle, DVM 2000 R. Bruce Hollett, DVM 2013 Harry W. Werner, VMD 2005 Tom R. Lenz, DVM, MS Mrs. Lucy Kester 2012 Midge Leitch, VMD Distinguished Educator Award This award recognized individuals who made a significant impact on the development and training of equine practitioners, either in an academic setting or as a mentor. Beginning in 2013, this award was separated into two distinct awards honoring academic training and mentorship. Past Winners 2012 Jill R. Johnson, DVM 2005 Charles F. Reid, DVM 2002 John F. Fessler, DVM 2011 Jill Beach, VMD 2004 Robert M. Kenney, DVM Ronald L. Genovese, VMD 2009 John T. Vaughan, DVM Leon Scrutchfield, DVM 2001 Robert Baker, DVM R. Dean Scoggins, DVM 2003 Norman W. Rantanen, DVM, M.B. Teigland, DVM 2008 Timothy R. O’Brien, DVM, PhD, MS, DACVR 2000 Albert Gabel, DVM MS, PhD A-O/ASIF International Charles Raker, VMD John V. Steiner, DVM, DACT Foundation’s Veterinary John D. Wheat, DVM 2007 James N. Moore, DVM Division Howard E. Gill, DVM Loren H. Evans, DVM 2006 Thomas Divers, DVM
Distinguished Educator Award (Academic) This award, instituted in 2013, honors an individual educator who by his or her actions and commitment has demonstrated a significant impact on the development and training of equine practitioners. Past Winners
2019 W. David Wilson, BVMS, MS 2018 John Stick, DVM, DACVS 2017 Peter J. Timoney, FRCVS 2016 Dennis E. Brooks, DVM, PhD, DACVO 2015 Virginia B. Reef, DVM, DACVIM, DACVSMR, DECVDI 2014 Terry L. Blanchard, DVM, MS, DACT 2013 Frank A. Nickels, DVM
Distinguished Educator Award (Mentor) This award, instituted in 2013, honors an individual who by his or her actions and commitment has demonstrated a significant impact on the development and training of equine practitioners through mentoring. Past Winners 2020 Stephen E. O’Grady, DVM, MRCVS 2019 Terry D. Swanson, DVM 2018 Richard Estes, DVM 2015 John W. Lee, Jr., DVM 2013 Barrie D. Grant, DVM
8 AAEP AWARDS
Distinguished Life Members This distinction recognizes regular members who have made outstanding contributions to the association throughout their career. Past Winners
2020 Susan L. White 2000 Robert K. Shideler 1986 Gene M. Bierhaus 2017 Harry W. Werner A. Gary Lavin Paul E. Hoffman 2016 Glenn P. Blodgett James R. Coffman 1985 Frank J. Milne 2015 Nathaniel A. White, II 1999 John T. Vaughan 1984 M.B. Teigland 2014 Terry D. Swanson 1998 Ralph C. Knowles 1983 Wayne O. Kester 2013 Benjamin Franklin, Jr. 1997 William “Rex” Hinshaw 1980 Jack K. Robbins 2012 Nat T. Messer, IV 1996 Manuel A. “Tommy” Thomas, Jr. Alan H. Edmondson 2011 Douglas G. Corey 1993 DeWitt Owen, Jr. 1976 Charles E. Hagyard 2010 Jerry B. Black 1992 Delano L. Proctor, Jr. 1974 Floyd C. Sager 2009 C. Wayne McIlwraith Robert W. Copelan Paul J. Meginnis Thomas R. Lenz 1991 James T. O’Connor, Jr. 1972 Donald A. Price 2008 Larry R. Bramlage G. Marvin Beeman 1967 Angel C. Pou 2007 Robert D. Lewis 1989 W. Dan Roberts 1959 Marion L. Scott 2006 Charles D. Vail Edwin A. Churchill John G. Hardenburg J. Clyde Johnson Eugene R. Carroll Willard F. Guard 2002 James L. Voss 1987 Stanley M. Teeter 2001 Peter F. Haynes William M. Romane
AAEP Research Award This award, instituted in 2013, recognizes an individual who has completed research that has or will make a significant impact on the diagnosis, treatment or prevention of equine disease. Nominations are open to all individuals whose research is acknowledged by presentation or publication and by peer review as a significant advancement in equine medicine or innovation in equine science. Nominees must have had their research presented or published during the two years prior to when nominations are submitted to the AAEP. Past Winners 2020 Katrin Hinrichs, CVM, Ph.D., DACT 2018 C. Wayne McIlwraith, BVSc, Ph.D., DSc, FRCVS, DACVS 2014 Donald P. Knowles, DVM
The President’s Award The President’s Award honors individuals who have demonstrated a dedication to the association during the past year by contributing a significant portion of time and expertise to benefit the health and welfare of the horse. The sitting AAEP president selects the recipient of this award, which was introduced in 2008. Past Winners 2020 Sherry A. Johnson, DVM, MS, 2014 Rick M. Arthur, DVM DACVSMR 2013 Edward W. Kanara, DVM 2019 Katherine Ann Flynn, BVMS 2012 Jay G. Merriam, DVM 2018 John G. Peloso, DVM, DACVS 2011 David D. Frisbie, DVM and family David L. Foley, CAE 2017 Stuart E. Brown, II, DVM 2010 Scott E. Palmer, VMD Amy L. Grice, VMD, MBA Foster Northrop, DVM 2016 Nathaniel A. White, II, DVM, 2009 Stephen O’Grady, DVM, MRCVS DACVS 2008 Midge Leitch, VMD 2015 Kenton D. Morgan, DVM
Nominations for AAEP awards may only be made by AAEP members. A nomination form may be obtained through the AAEP office, 4033 Iron Works Parkway, Lexington, KY 40511, (859) 233-0147; or online within the “About” section at aaep.org. Nominations must be received by June 1.
2021 Leadership Resource Guide 9 AWARDS
Frank J. Milne State-of-the-Art Lecture
The Frank J. Milne State-of-the-Art Lecture debuted at the 1997 AAEP Convention in Phoenix, Ariz. Named for AAEP past president and distinguished life member Frank J. Milne, the lecture series features state-of-the-art research on subjects and techniques considered important by the equine veterinary profession.
2020 John A.E. Hubbell – Moving Equine Anesthesia from an Art toward a Science 2019 Dean W. Richardson – The Tao of Equine Fracture Repair 2018 Virginia B. Reef – Straight from the Heart: Untangling the Complexities of the Equine Cardiovascular System 2017 Padraic M. Dixon – The Evolution of Horses and the Evolution of Equine Dentistry 2016 Norm G. Ducharme – Equine Upper Airways: Intersection of Evidence-Based Data, Emerging Discoveries and the “Veterinary Art” 2015 Thomas J. Divers – The Equine Liver in Health and Disease 2014 John E. Madigan – Gumshoe Sleuthing in the World of Infectious Disease and Neonatology: Discoveries That Changed Equine and Human Health 2013 Sue Dyson – Equine Lameness: Clinical Judgment Meets Advanced Diagnostic Imaging 2012 Stephanie J. Valberg – Muscling in on the Cause of Tying Up 2011 Noah D. Cohen – Equine Epidemiology: Counting for Something in Equine Practice 2010 Dennis E. Brooks – Catastrophic Ocular Surface Failure in the Horse 2009 Larry R. Bramlage – Operative Orthopedics of the Equine Fetlock Joint 2008 Stephen M. Reed – A Review of Neurological Diseases 2007 Dickson D. Varner – Revisiting the Perception of Sperm 2006 Nathaniel A. White, II – Colic 2005 C. Wayne McIlwraith – Joints, Arthroscopy to Gene Therapy 2004 Peter Rossdale – Maladjusted Foal 2003 Alfred M. Merritt, II – Gastroenterology 2002 David M. Nunamaker – Orthopedics, Bucked Shins 2001 James N. Moore – Gastrointestinal Disease 2000 Harold F. Hintz – Nutrition 1999 Joe Mayhew – The Spinal Cord 1998 O.J. Ginther – Equine Pregnancy 1997 N. Edward Robinson – Lower Airway of the Horse
Past Presidents 1955-2020
1955 Marion L. Scott* 1972 Thomas E. Dunkin* 1989 James L. Voss* 2006 Thomas D. Brokken 1956 Willard F. Guard* 1973 Robert W. Copelan 1990 Edward S. Murray* 2007 Douglas G. Corey 1957 Horace N. Davis* 1974 Robert K. Shideler* 1991 Robert A. Jack* 2008 Eleanor M. Green 1958 Edwin M. Churchill* 1975 G. Marvin Beeman 1992 Peter F. Haynes* 2009 Harry W. Werner 1959 Wayne O. Kester* 1976 James T. O’Connor, Jr.* 1993 Dan R. Evans* 2010 Nathaniel A. White, II 1960 Jordon Woodcock* 1977 Joseph A. Solomon* 1994 A. Gary Lavin* 2011 William A. Moyer 1961 M.B. Teigland* 1978 W. Dan Roberts* 1995 J. Clyde Johnson 2012 John S. Mitchell 1962 William O. Reed* 1979 Bernard F. Brennan* 1996 Terry D. Swanson 2013 Ann E. Dwyer 1963 Jack K. Robbins* 1980 DeWitt Owen, Jr.* 1997 Rick M. Arthur 2014 Jeff A. Blea 1964 William R. McGee* 1981 John T. Vaughan 1998 Gary L. Norwood 2015 G. Kent Carter 1965 Ora R. Adams* 1982 Robert L. Boss* 1999 Robert D. Lewis 2016 Kathleen M. Anderson 1966 Joseph E. Burch* 1983 Stewart K. Harvey* 2000 Benjamin Franklin, Jr. 2017 R. Reynolds Cowles, Jr. 1967 R. Scott Jackson* 1984 Daniel V. Flynn 2001 C. Wayne McIlwraith 2018 Margo L. Macpherson 1968 Neal D. Lusk* 1985 Charles D. Vail 2002 Jerry B. Black 2019 Jeffrey T. Berk 1969 Delano L. Proctor, Jr.* 1986 James R. Coffman 2003 Tom R. Lenz 2020 David D. Frisbie 1970 Joseph C. O’Dea* 1987 Richard J. Sheehan 2004 Larry R. Bramlage 1971 Frank J. Milne* 1988 J. Fred Arnold* 2005 Scott E. Palmer *deceased
10 AAEP Equine and Veterinary Organizations
EQUINE AND VETERINARY World Veterinary Association Morris Animal Foundation ORGANIZATIONS Avenue de Tervueren, 12 720 S Colorado Blvd, Suite 174A B1040 Brussels Denver, CO 80246 American Association of Belgium (303) 790-2345 Veterinary Parasitologists Phone: (32) 25337020 (800) 243-2345 Dr. Adriano Vatta, Secretary-Treasurer [email protected] Fax: (303) 790-4066 Louisiana State University www.worldvet.org www.morrisanimalfoundation.org (225) 578-9206 [email protected] RESEARCH AND HEALTH BREED ORGANIZATIONS www.aavp.org ORGANIZATIONS American Donkey and Mule Society, Inc. American Farriers Association American College of Veterinary PO Box 1210 4059 Iron Works Pkwy, Suite 1 Internal Medicine Lewisville, TX 75067-1210 Lexington, KY 40511 8301 E Prentice Ave, Suite 300 (972) 219-0781 Greenwood Village, CO 80111 (859) 233-7411 Fax: (859) 231-7862 [email protected] (800) 245-9081 www.lovelongears.com (303) 231-9933 [email protected] www.americanfarriers.org Fax: (303) 231-0880 American Hackney Horse Society [email protected] American Quarter Horse Foundation 4059 Iron Works Pkwy, A-3 www.acvim.org 1600 Quarter Horse Dr Lexington, KY 40511-8462 Amarillo, TX 79104 (859) 255-8694 American College of Veterinary Surgeons (806) 378-5029 Fax: (859) 255-0177 19785 Crystal Rock Dr, Suite 305 Fax: (806) 376-1005 [email protected] Germantown, MD 20874 www.aqha.com/foundation www.hackneysociety.com (877) 217-2287 (301) 916-0200 Animal Poison Control Center American Hanoverian Society Fax: (301) 916-2287 (888) 426-4435 4067 Iron Works Pkwy, Suite 1 [email protected] www.aspca.org/pet-care/animal-poison-control Lexington, KY 40511 www.acvs.org (A consultation fee may apply.) (859) 255-4141 Fax: (859) 255-8467 American Veterinary Medical Association Center for Equine Health – UC-Davis [email protected] 1931 N Meacham Rd, Suite 100 One Shields Ave www.hanoverian.org Schaumburg, IL 60173-4360 Davis, CA 95616-8589 (800) 248-2862 (530) 752-6433 American Miniature Horse Association Fax: (847) 925-1329 Fax: (530) 752-9379 5601 S Interstate 35W www.avma.org [email protected] Alvarado, TX 76009 https://ceh.vetmed.ucdavis.edu (817) 783-5600 AVMA Government Relations Division Fax: (817) 783-6403 Equine Disease Communication Center 1910 Sunderland Pl NW [email protected] 4033 Iron Works Pkwy Washington, DC 20036-1642 www.amha.org (800) 321-1473 Lexington, KY 40511 Fax: (202) 223-4877 (859) 233-0147 Fax: (859) 233-3322 American Morgan Horse Association [email protected] 4037 Iron Works Pkwy, Suite 130 Canadian Veterinary Medical Association www.equinediseasecc.org Lexington, KY 40511 339 Booth St (802) 985-4944 Ottawa, ON K1R 7K1 Grayson-Jockey Club Research Fax: (859) 287-3555 Canada Foundation, Inc. [email protected] (613) 236-1162 821 Corporate Dr www.morganhorse.com Fax: (613) 236-9681 Lexington, KY 40503 [email protected] (859) 224-2850 American Mustang and Burro Association www.canadianveterinarians.net Fax: (859) 224-2853 PO Box 27703 [email protected] Salt Lake City, UT 84127-0703 World Equine Veterinary Association www.grayson-jockeyclub.org www.ambainc.net c/o Warwick Bayly Washington State University Maxwell H. Gluck Equine Research Center American Paint Horse Association PO Box 646610 1400 Nicholasville Rd PO Box 961023 Fort Worth, TX 76161-0023 Pullman, WA 99164-6610 Lexington, KY 40546-0099 (509) 335-5616 (817) 834-2742 (859) 257-4757 Fax: (817) 834-3152 Fax: (509) 335-0880 Fax: (859) 257-8542 [email protected] [email protected] https://gluck.ca.uky.edu www.apha.com www.wevaonline.org
2021 Leadership Resource Guide 11 EQUINE AND VETERINARY ORGANIZATIONS
American Quarter Horse Association National Walking Horse Association National Cutting Horse Association 1600 Quarter Horse Dr PO Box 7111 260 Bailey Ave Amarillo, TX 79104 Jacksonville, NC 28540 Fort Worth, TX 76107-1862 (806) 376-4811 (859) 252-6942 (817) 244-6188 Fax: (806) 349-6411 Fax: (859) 252-0640 Fax: (817) 244-2015 www.aqha.com [email protected] www.nchacutting.com American Saddlebred Horse Association www.nwha.com 4083 Iron Works Pkwy National High School Rodeo Association Lexington, KY 40511 Racking Horse Breeders’ 12011 Tejon St, Suite 900 (859) 259-2742 Association of America Denver, CO 80234 Fax: (859) 259-1628 67 Horse Center Rd, Suite B (303) 452-0820 [email protected] Decatur, AL 35603 Fax: (303) 452-0912 www.asha.net (256) 353-7225 www.nhsra.com American Warmblood Society & Fax: (256) 353-7266 Sporthorse Registry [email protected] National Intercollegiate Rodeo Association PO Box 38 www.rackinghorse.org 2033 Walla Walla Ave Berger, MO 63014 Walla Walla, WA 99362 (314) 799-0884 Tennessee Walking Horse Breeders’ and (509) 529-4402 [email protected] Exhibitors’ Association Fax: (509) 525-1090 www.awssr.org PO Box 286 [email protected] Appaloosa Horse Club Lewisburg, TN 37091 www.collegerodeo.com 2720 W Pullman Rd (931) 359-1574 Moscow, ID 83843 Fax: (931) 288-6135 National Show Horse Registry (208) 882-5578 [email protected] 2242 Polo Park Dr Fax: (208) 882-8150 www.twhbea.com Dayton, OH 45439 www.appaloosa.com (937) 962-4336 Arabian Horse Association Welsh Pony and Cob Society of America, Inc. Fax: (937) 962-4332 10805 E Bethany Dr 720 Green St [email protected] Aurora, CO 80014 Stephens City, VA 22655 www.nshregistry.org (303) 696-4500 (540) 868-7669 Fax: (303) 696-4599 [email protected] Professional Rodeo Cowboys Association www.arabianhorses.org www.wpcsa.org 101 Pro Rodeo Dr Friesian Horse Association of North America Colorado Springs, CO 80919-2301 4037 Iron Works Pkwy, Suite 160 SHOW AND SPORT ORGANIZATIONS (719) 593-8840 Lexington, KY 40511-8483 (More than 500 sanctioned events.) Fax: (719) 548-4889 (859) 455-7430 www.prorodeo.com Fax: (859) 455-7457 Federation Equestre Internationale (FEI) [email protected] HM King Hussein I Building United States Equestrian Federation, Inc. www.fhana.com Chemin de la Joliette 8 4001 Wing Commander Way Palomino Horse Association 1006 Lausanne Lexington, KY 40511 10171 Nectar Ave Switzerland (859) 258-2472 Nelson, MO 65347 (41) 213104747 Fax: (859) 231-6662 (660) 859-2064 Fax: (41) 213104760 [email protected] [email protected] www.fei.org www.usef.org www.palominohorseassoc.com International Professional Rodeo Association United States Polo Association Percheron Horse Association of America PO Box 141 PO Box 83377 9011 Lake Worth Rd 16402 Village Pkwy Oklahoma City, OK 73148 Lake Worth, FL 33467 Fredericktown, OH 43019 (405) 235-6540 (800) 232-8772 (740) 694-3602 Fax: (405) 235-6577 www.uspolo.org Fax: (740) 694-3604 [email protected] [email protected] www.ipra-rodeo.com United States Pony Clubs, Inc. www.percheronhorse.org 4041 Iron Works Pkwy National Barrel Horse Association Lexington, KY 40511 Pinto Horse Association of America, Inc. PO Box 1988 (859) 254-7669 7330 NW 23rd St Augusta, GA 30901 Fax: (859) 233-4652 Bethany, OK 73008 (706) 722-7223 [email protected] (405) 491-0111 Fax: (706) 823-3790 www.ponyclub.org Fax: (405) 787-0773 [email protected] www.pinto.org www.nbha.com
12 AAEP EQUINE AND VETERINARY ORGANIZATIONS
RACING ORGANIZATIONS Racing Medication and Testing Consortium North American Trail Ride Conference 401 W Main St, Suite 222 PO Box 969 Association of Racing Lexington, KY 40507 Beatrice, NE 68310 Commissioners International (859) 759-4081 (402) 806-8708 2365 Harrodsburg Rd, Suite B-450 [email protected] [email protected] Lexington, KY 40504 www.rmtcnet.com www.natrc.org (859) 224-7070 [email protected] Thoroughbred Owners and Breeders Association Professional Association of Therapeutic www.arci.com PO Box 910668 Horsemanship International (PATH) Lexington, KY 40591-0668 PO Box 33150 Breeders’ Cup Limited (859) 276-2291 Denver, CO 80233 215 W Main St, Suite 250 [email protected] (800) 369-7433 Lexington, KY 40507 www.toba.org (303) 452-1212 (859) 223-5444 Fax: (303) 252-4610 Fax: (859) 223-3945 United States Trotting Association [email protected] New York Office 6130 S Sunbury Rd www.pathintl.org 40 E 52nd St, 15th Floor Westerville, OH 43081-9309 New York, NY 10022 (877) 800-8782 (212) 230-9500 United States Cavalry Association (614) 224-2291 3220 N Jesse Reno St Fax: (212) 752-3039 Fax: (844) 229-1338 www.breederscup.com El Reno, OK 73036 www.ustrotting.com (405) 422-6330 Harness Tracks of America, Inc. RELATED ORGANIZATIONS AND [email protected] 12025 E Dry Gulch Pl RESOURCES www.uscavalry.org Tucson, AZ 85749 (520) 529-2525 American Horse Council GOVERNMENT INFORMATION [email protected] 1616 H St NW, 7th Floor SOURCES www.harnesstracks.com Washington, DC 20006 (202) 296-4031 United States Department of Agriculture The Jockey Club Fax: (202) 296-1970 4700 River Rd, Unit 84 40 E 52nd St [email protected] Riverdale, MD 20737-1234 New York, NY 10022 www.horsecouncil.org (301) 851-3751 (212) 371-5970 Fax: (301) 734-4978 Fax: (212) 371-6123 American Endurance Ride Conference [email protected] Registry PO Box 6027 www.aphis.usda.gov/aphis/home 821 Corporate Dr Auburn, CA 95604 Lexington, KY 40503-2794 (866) 271-2372 United States Food and Drug Administration (859) 224-2700 (530) 823-2260 Center for Veterinary Medicine Fax: (859) 224-2710 Fax: (530) 823-7805 7500 Standish Pl www.jockeyclub.com [email protected] Rockville, MD 20855 www.aerc.org (888) 463-6332 National Horsemen’s Benevolent and (240) 402-7002 Protective Association, Inc. American Youth Horse Council, Inc. www.fda.gov/animal-veterinary 3380 Paris Pike 1 Gainer Rd Lexington, KY 40511 McDonald, NM 88262 (859) 259-0451 (817) 320-2005 United States House of Representatives (866) 245-1711 [email protected] The Honorable (Representative) Fax: (859) 259-0452 www.ayhc.com U.S. House of Representatives [email protected] Washington, DC 20515 www.hbpa.org (202) 224-3121 North American Compendiums, Inc. www.house.gov National Thoroughbred Racing Association PO Box 39 www.senate.gov 401 W Main St, Suite 222 Hensall, ON N0M 1X0 Lexington, KY 40507 Canada The White House (800) 792-6872 (519) 263-3000 1600 Pennsylvania Ave (859) 245-6872 Fax: (519) 263-2936 Washington, DC 20500 Fax: (859) 223-3945 https://naccvp.com (202) 456-1414 [email protected] Bill signing or veto: (202) 456-2226 www.ntra.com www.whitehouse.gov
Veterinary Adverse Event Voluntary Reporting Animal drugs and devices: Call the Center for Veterinary Medicine at (888) 332-8387 Animal biologics (vaccines, bacterins and diagnostic kits): Call the USDA at (800) 752-6255 Topically applied external parasiticides: Call the U.S. EPA at (800) 858-7378
2021 Leadership Resource Guide 13 colleges of veterinary medicine with AAEP STUDENT CHAPTERS
University of Arizona University of Georgia Long Island University Advisor: Dr. Gayle Leith Advisor: Dr. Erin Beasley Advisor: Dr. James Robinson College of Veterinary Medicine College of Veterinary Medicine College of Veterinary Medicine 1580 E Hanley Blvd 2200 College Station Rd 720 Northern Blvd Oro Valley, AZ 85737 Athens, GA 30602-7371 Brookville, NY 11548 (520) 621-7048 (706) 542-3461 (516) 299-3679 [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] https://vetmed.arizona.edu www.vet.uga.edu www.liu.edu/vetmed
Auburn University University of Guelph Louisiana State University Advisors: Dr. Alfredo Sanchez and Advisor: Dr. Luis Arroyo Advisor: Dr. Laura Riggs Dr. Jennifer Taintor Ontario Veterinary College School of Veterinary Medicine 217 Veterinary Education Center 1909 Skip Bertman Dr Auburn University, AL 36849 50 Stone Rd Guelph, ON N1G 2W1 Baton Rouge, LA 70803 (334) 844-4490 (225) 578-9519 [email protected] Canada (519) 824-4120 ext. 54259 [email protected] [email protected] www.vetmed.lsu.edu www.vetmed.auburn.edu [email protected] www.ovc.uoguelph.ca Michigan State University University of Calgary University of Illinois at Urbana- Advisors: Dr. Melissa Esser and Advisor: Dr. Ashley Whitehead Dr. Julie Rapson Strachota 3280 Hospital Dr NW Champaign College of Veterinary Medicine Calgary, Alberta, T2N 4Z6 Advisor: Dr. Scott Austin Veterinary Medical Center Canada College of Veterinary Medicine 736 Wilson Rd, Room A116 (403) 210-6494 3505 Veterinary Medicine Basic East Lansing, MI 48824 [email protected] Sciences Building www.vet.ucalgary.ca (517) 355-6509 2001 S Lincoln Ave [email protected] Urbana, IL 61802 University of California-Davis [email protected] (217) 333-2760 www.cvm.msu.edu Advisor: Dr. Julie Dechant [email protected] School of Veterinary Medicine www.cvm.uiuc.edu Equine Medicine Club Midwestern University One Shields Ave Advisor: Dr. Margaret Brosnahan Iowa State University Davis, CA 95616 College of Veterinary Medicine (530) 752-1360 Advisors: Dr. Stephanie Caston and 19555 N 59th Ave [email protected] Dr. Kevin Kersh Glendale, AZ 85308 www.vetmed.ucdavis.edu College of Veterinary Medicine (623) 537-6360 1800 Christensen Dr [email protected] Colorado State University Ames, Iowa 50011 www.midwestern.edu Advisors: Dr. Jennifer Hatzel and (515) 294-1242 Dr. Katie Seabaugh [email protected] University of Minnesota College of Veterinary Medicine [email protected] Advisor: Dr. Christie Ward 300 W Drake Rd https://vetmed.iastate.edu College of Veterinary Medicine Fort Collins, Colorado, 80523 1365 Gortner Ave (970) 297-5000 Kansas State University St. Paul, MN 55108 (970) 297-0315 Advisors: Dr. Chris Blevins and (612) 624-9227 [email protected] Dr. Katie Delph [email protected] [email protected] College of Veterinary Medicine www.cvm.umn.edu www.cvmbs.colostate.edu 101 Trotter Hall Manhattan, KS 66506 Mississippi State University Cornell University (785) 532-5660 Advisor: Dr. David Christiansen Advisor: Dr. Gillian Perkins [email protected] College of Veterinary Medicine College of Veterinary Medicine PO Box 6100 602 Tower Rd [email protected] www.vet.ksu.edu 240 Wise Center Dr Ithaca, NY 14853-6401 Mississippi State, MS 39762 (607) 253-3100 (662) 325-3432 Lincoln Memorial University [email protected] [email protected] Advisors: Dr. Undine Christmann www.vet.cornell.edu www.cvm.msstate.edu and Dr. Rebecca Pierce University of Florida College of Veterinary Medicine University of Missouri Advisors: Dr. Martha Mallicote and 6965 Cumberland Gap Pkwy Advisors: Dr. David Cross and Dr. Taralynn McCarrel Harrogate, TN 37752 Dr. Alison LaCarrubba College of Veterinary Medicine (423) 869-6008 College of Veterinary Medicine PO Box 100136 [email protected] 900 E Campus Dr 2015 SW 16th Ave [email protected] Columbia, MO 65211 Gainesville, FL 32608-0136 https://vetmed.lmunet.edu (573) 882-3513 (352) 392-2229 (573) 823-9856 [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] www.vetmed.ufl.edu www.cvm.missouri.edu
14 AAEP AAEP Student Chapters
University of Montreal Purdue University Tuskegee University Advisor: Dr. Ignacio Raggoio Advisor: Dr. Timothy Lescun Advisors: Dr. Courtney Allred and Faculty of Veterinary Medicine College of Veterinary Medicine Dr. Alberto Parra CP 5000 625 Harrison St School of Veterinary Medicine Saint Hyacinthe, PQ J2S 7C6 West Lafayette, IN 47907-1240 1200 W Montgomery Rd Canada (765) 494-7607 Tuskegee, AL 36088 (450) 773-8521 [email protected] (334) 724-4114 [email protected] www.vet.purdue.edu [email protected] www.medvet.umontreal.ca [email protected] Ross University School of Veterinary www.tuskegee.edu North Carolina State University Medicine Advisor: Dr. Callie Fogle Advisor: Dr. Erik Peterson Utah State University PO Box 334 College of Veterinary Medicine Advisor: Dr. Holly Mason Basseterre, St. Kitts, West Indies 1052 William Moore Dr School of Veterinary Medicine (869) 465-4161 ext. 401-1121 Raleigh, NC 27607 4815 Old Main Hill (919) 513-6210 [email protected] Logan, UT 84322-4815 [email protected] www.rossvet.edu.kn (435) 890-9008 www.cvm.ncsu.edu University of Saskatchewan [email protected] The Ohio State University Western College of Veterinary Medicine www.vetmed.usu.edu Advisor: Dr. Matthew Brokken Advisor: Dr. Stephen Manning College of Veterinary Medicine 52 Campus Dr Virginia-Maryland College of 1900 Coffey Rd Saskatoon, SK S7N 5B4 Veterinary Medicine Columbus, OH 43210 Canada Advisor: Dr. Sophie Bogers (614) 292-1171 (306) 966-7447 205 Duck Pond Rd [email protected] [email protected] Blacksburg, Virginia 24061 www.vet.ohio-state.edu www.usask.ca/wcvm (540) 357-0473 [email protected] Oklahoma State University St. George’s University www.vetmed.vt.edu Advisor: Dr. Megan Williams Advisors: Dr. Heidi Janicke and College of Veterinary Medicine Dr. Inga Karasek Washington State University Center for Veterinary Health Sciences True Blue, St. George Advisor: Dr. Macarena Sanz 2065 W Farm Rd Grenada, West Indies College of Veterinary Medicine Stillwater, OK 74078 (473) 444-4175 ext. 3829 PO Box 647010 (405) 744-6595 [email protected] Pullman, WA 99164-7010 [email protected] [email protected] (509) 335-9515 www.cvm.okstate.edu www.sgu.edu [email protected] University of Tennessee www.vetmed.wsu.edu Oregon State University Advisor: Dr. Steve Adair Advisor: Dr. Michael Huber College of Veterinary Medicine Western University of Health Sciences College of Veterinary Medicine 2407 River Dr Advisor: Dr. Joe Bertone Room 107C, Magruder Hall Knoxville, TN 37996-4550 College of Veterinary Medicine 700 SW 30th St (865) 974-7262 309 E Second St Corvallis, OR 97331 [email protected] Pomona, CA 91766-1854 (541) 737-6947 www.vet.utk.edu (909) 973-8761 [email protected] [email protected] https://vetmed.oregonstate.edu Texas A&M University www.westernu.edu/veterinary Advisors: Dr. Jeffrey Watkins and University of Pennsylvania Dr. Canaan Whitfield University of Wisconsin-Madison Advisor: Dr. Liz Arbittier College of Veterinary Medicine and Advisor: Dr. Diego De Gasperi Clinical Studies-New Bolton Center Biomedical Sciences 382 W Street Rd School of Veterinary Medicine Suite 101-VMA 2015 Linden Dr Kennett Square, PA 19348 College Station, TX 77843-4461 (610) 925-6310 Madison, WI 53706-1102 (979) 845-5051 (608) 695-8574 [email protected] [email protected] www.vet.upenn.edu [email protected] [email protected] www.vetmed.wisc.edu www.cvm.tamu.edu University of Prince Edward Island Advisors: Dr. Kathleen MacMillan and Tufts University Dr. Tammy Muirhead Advisor: Dr. Wade Tenney Atlantic Veterinary College Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine 550 University Ave 200 Westboro Rd Charlottetown, PE C1A 4P3 North Grafton, MA 01536 Canada (508) 839-7926 (902) 566-0882 [email protected] [email protected] www.tufts.edu/vet [email protected] www.upei.ca/avc
2021 Leadership Resource Guide 15 regulation and legislative advocacy resources
The AAEP is committed to serving as a leading force and advocate Horse Slaughter Horse Soring for veterinary and equine-related issues affecting federal legislation. Regulation of Veterinary Transport of Horses However, in recent years, AAEP members have been most affected Medicine Urban Horse Use by local and state legislation. In addition to providing you with resources, the AAEP can The AAEP aims to serve its membership by providing necessary connect you or your local, state or national organization with resources and information about policy issues affecting veterinary your legislators, affiliate organizations and related stakeholders. medicine at all levels of government. The AAEP has established rela- tionships with two national organizations, the American Veterinary How You Can Help Us Medical Association (AVMA) and American Horse Council (AHC), Keeping track of the numerous policy issues at the local and state to provide further information and resources to assist AAEP mem- level can be difficult. If you are involved within your state veteri- bers with both state and national issues. Both the AVMA and AHC nary association, you are more likely to be informed on a timely have offices in Washington, D.C. basis about issues within your state legislature or regulatory agencies that involve equine veterinary medicine. Contact the AAEP office to How We Can Help You keep us informed about important policies affecting veterinarians The AAEP can assist you or your state association with any of the and horses in your area. following issues: Learn More Animal Abuse and Neglect Emergency Preparedness To learn more about how the AAEP can help with your Animal Identification and Response advocacy efforts, please visit aaep.org and enter the search word Alternative and Equine Welfare “advocacy”; or contact Keith Kleine, staff liaison to the AAEP Complementary Therapies Equine Dentistry Welfare and Public Policy Advisory Council, at (859) 233-0147 or Castration Equine Reproduction [email protected]. Compounding Euthanasia
AVMA Representation 2021 Following is a list of AAEP-member representatives serving in volunteer leadership positions within the AVMA. AVMA Committee positions are appointed by the AVMA Executive Board, and these individuals were nominated by the AAEP. AVMA council positions are elected by the AVMA House of Delegates, and members serving in these positions were either sponsored or co-sponsored by the AAEP.
COUNCIL/COMMITTEE SECTION REPRESENTATIVE TERM AAEP Representatives to the AVMA AAEP Stuart E. Brown II, Delegate 2018-2022 House of Delegates Margo Macpherson (alternate) 2018-2022 AVMA Executive Board Liaison to AAEP AAEP Lori Teller 2021-2022 PLIT-Board of Trustees At Large Stuart E. Brown II 2018-2022 Animal Welfare Committee AAEP (Private Equine) Clara Mason 2021-2024 Clinical Practice Nora Grenager (alternate) 2021-2024 Council on Biologic & Therapeutic Agents Private Clinical Practice Steven Dow 2020-2023 Predominately Equine Legislative Advisory Committee AAEP James Zeliff 2021-2024 Brad Tanner (alternate) 2021-2024 Clinical Practitioners Advisory Committee AAEP Fairfield Bain 2019-2022 Jim Hamilton (alternate) 2019-2022 Committee on Antimicrobials AAEP Mark G. Papich 2020-2023 AAEP Lauren Schnabel (alternate) 2020-2023 Council on Education Private Clinical Practice Ann Dwyer 2019-2024
Council on Veterinary Service Private Practice Barbara Crabbe 2020-2023 Predominantly Equine Veterinary Economics Strategy Committee At Large Amy Grice 2021-2024
16 AAEP American Association of Equine Practitioners ETHICAL AND PROFESSIONAL GUIDELINES
AAEP position statements are created to establish AAEP policy, which serve as guidelines for the practitioner and the equine indus- try. As such, they do not have the force of law. All position statements issued by the AAEP should be regarded as one of several tools that a practitioner may take into consideration in the context of his or her practice. All practitioners are encouraged first and foremost to understand and comply with the laws, regulations and standard of care of their appropriate jurisdiction. While position statements are intended to set a standard for veterinary practice, lack of adherence to any specific AAEP position statement does not constitute grounds for disciplinary action. The AAEP can exercise disciplinary action only in connection with its own members and its action is limited to denial of membership in the AAEP. The AAEP shall have no liability whatsoever for any position statement.
A subcommittee of the AAEP board reviews all of the AAEP guidelines and position statements every five years. Any proposed revisions are approved by a vote of the full board.
Note: Prior to 2014, the AAEP’s Ethical and Professional Guidelines included several policies from the American Veterinary Medical Association, specifically: AVMA Principles of Veterinary Medical Ethics; AVMA Guidelines for Complementary and Alternative Veterinary Medicine; AVMA Animal Abuse and Animal Neglect; AVMA Animals Used in Entertainment, Shows, and for Exhibition; AVMA Humane Transport of Equines; and AVMA Certificates of Veterinary Inspection. To view these and other AVMA policies, please visit https://www.avma.org/resources-tools/avma-policies.
Position Statement Protocol As a matter of policy, the AAEP does not provide endorsements of continuing education programs developed and conducted by other The AAEP recognizes it is often a major source of information or organizations or individuals. Furthermore, the AAEP logo and name expertise regarding the practice techniques, ethics and client relations can only be used in a co-branding situation where the AAEP has of the equine veterinarian, as well as in defining humane and ethical influence or direct involvement with the scientific program content or treatment of horses. Therefore, the following protocol will be used in meeting and only after having undergone review by AAEP. the development or adoption of a position statement by AAEP. • Position statements must be first reviewed and approved by the • Issues or areas of concern must be introduced in writing for con- appropriate committee, prior to review and approval by a quorum sideration by the board. A concise, complete background of the of the board. situation, current status and anticipated outcome must be provided. A length of no more than one page is preferred. Opinions, not position statements, may be rendered by the board in an emergency situation. These will not become policy statements • A notice announcing the board’s discussion of the proposed posi- unless the above protocol is met. tion may appear in either Equine Veterinary Education or Spur, AAEP’s electronic newsletter. If the board notifies the membership Revised by AAEP board of directors in 2010. using one of these methods, members will be given an opportunity to comment at least 30 days prior to consideration by the board. No public comment will be allowed during the board meeting, but Logo Use Policy written comment may be provided for review by the board and must be received at least 30 days prior to the board meeting. Members are both welcomed and encouraged to use the mem- ber version of the AAEP logo on their websites, practice stationery, • If it is determined that on-site inspection is required in order vehicles, etc. to indicate membership in the AAEP. The AAEP logo, to develop a statement, AAEP will conduct the inspection at its however, should not be used in conjunction or connection with any own expense. commercial product as such use may improperly appear to be an endorsement of the product on the part of the association. • No position statement may be used as an endorsement or approval of any particular breed, sport, discipline or any other The member version of the AAEP logo can be downloaded from use of the horse, nor as an endorsement or approval of any aaep.org. pharmaceutical brand or instrument, and must specifically address the actual management, care or use of the horse in a Approved by AAEP board of directors in 2012. specific activity or treatment regimen.
2021 Leadership Resource Guide 17 ETHICAL AND PROFESSIONAL GUIDELINES
Policy on Transparency, Open Records, and Compliance with Officials Board Meeting Attendance Members of AAEP will be guided and abide by all legally estab- The AAEP is committed to transparency with its members and is lished rules developed by the states, provinces and organizations happy to make available any association records or documents that under whose jurisdictions they practice. The rules and regulations any member would like to view, with a few exceptions. Board min- of the local jurisdiction supersede all other guidelines if they do not utes, committee meeting records, or other similar documents are avail- contradict state statutes. able to members by requesting them of the executive director with a Competitions should be governed by rules established within the stated purpose or intent for such access. Copies will be provided by industry regarding therapeutic administration of medications and hard copy format and via mail or fax. These will be provided at no all matters pertaining to the health and well-being of the competi- cost to the member unless the request results in an extreme amount tive horse. The use of stimulant, depressant, narcotic, tranquilizer, of paper, postage or staff costs to assemble and provide. Personnel local anesthetic or any substance that affects normal performance records or other business contracts would not be appropriate to share of the horse should be prohibited. as they could have legal implications since they involve other par- ties. If members have any questions or concerns about documents or Reviewed by AAEP board of directors in 2010. records of this nature, they are encouraged to contact the President or Executive Director. Additionally, AAEP board meetings are open to any member in AAEP Statement on good standing who would like to attend, provided notice to attend is Genetic Defects requested of the executive director at least two days prior to the meet- ing. Prior notice ensures that the appropriate planning can be made Introduction and Definitions and board materials prepared for any visitors in attendance. There A. Congenital Defects: Congenital defects include all undesirable may be portions of the meeting conducted in “executive session,” traits and pathologic conditions present at birth whether they at which point visitors will need to be temporarily excused. Anyone are genetic or due to intra-uterine events that results from wishing to attend an AAEP board meeting will be asked to sign a extra-uterine influences. Congenital defects do not necessarily confidentiality agreement. indicate inheritance; they simply indicate that the defect was Approved by AAEP board of directors in 2017. present at birth. B. Inherited Tendencies: There are characteristics in horses that are Ethical and Professional influenced by a wide variety of genes, whose pattern of inheri- Guidelines tance is complex and whose expression has strong environmental influences. Horses have been selectively bred for centuries to Standards of Profession promote or discourage these characteristics. The selection for or against these inherited tendencies is the basis for our current breed Professional ethics embodies the behaviors of honesty, integrity and registries. Size, power, color, speed, conformation and many other kindness while obeying rules and regulations set forth with mutual characteristics that are genetically influenced are selected for or respect for opinion and preservation of dignity in interpersonal rela- against by certain breed registries. Variations from ideal may be tionships. The conduct should be in a manner that will enhance the undesirable but they are not deemed to be genetic defects. worthiness of the profession. The ethical practice of medicine includes C. Genetic Defects: Genetic defects are pathologic conditions of those remedies and treatments that have, as their short or long-term proven genetic origin. These may be the result of a mutation in goal, the health and welfare of the horse. a gene of major effect or mutations in multiple genes (polygenic) All members of the AAEP are expected to comply with (a) the whose effects combine to produce a deleterious or undesirable code of Ethics of the AAEP (or counterpart in foreign countries); (b) the Bylaws and procedures of their enforcement; (c) the code of result. The degree to which some traits are expressed in horses Ethics of the veterinary medical association of the state or province carrying particular mutations can be influenced by environmen- in which licensed; (d) all rules and regulations of racing applicable tal factors. This is called incomplete penetrance. at race tracks where practicing; (e) rules of organizations governing D. Undesirable Traits: An undesirable trait, as designated by certain horse shows, sales, equine events and the rules of all breed registries breed registries, is a condition or behavior which may or may in relation to veterinary practices; and (f) all other laws of the land. not be present at birth, may develop over time, may or may not Members and Veterinarians should be honest and fair in their rela- be a genetic defect, but precludes registration of that animal. A tions with others, and they should not engage in fraud, misrepresenta- variation in color is an example of a characteristic that may be tion or deceit. Violation of any of the foregoing may constitute cause considered by a breed to be undesirable. Concealment of such for revocation or denial of membership in the AAEP. undesirable traits by any means, including surgery, is prohibited Organizations and regulatory agencies within the industry notify by breed registry. It is therefore unethical for a veterinarian to the AAEP of violations (committed by an AAEP member) within their perform such treatments, except when the treatment is intended respective jurisdictions. Additionally, there is a process for members to improve the health of the horse, and when the veterinarian to file complaints against other members. Each case involving an reports the treatment to the breed registry. AAEP member is reviewed by the AAEP Professional Conduct and Ethics Committee for disciplinary consideration and a recommenda- tion is forwarded to the board of directors for final action. It should Genetic Tests Available for Horses be noted that AAEP can exercise disciplinary action only in connec- As of February 2012, tests for mutations in single genes are tion with its own members. currently available for 12 diseases. Reviewed by AAEP board of directors in 2010.
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Autosomal Dominant Equine Welfare Hyperkalemic Periodic Paralysis (HYPP) in the Quarter Horse Type 1 Polysaccharide Storage Myopathy (PSSM) in numerous breeds AAEP Principles of Equine Welfare Malignant Hyperthermia (MH) in Quarter Horse related breeds As a voice for equids on issues affecting their well-being, the AAEP believes: Autosomal Recessive Overo Lethal White Syndrome (OLWS) in the Paint Horse 1. The responsible use of animals for human purposes, such as Severe Combined immunodeficiency (SCID) in Arabian Horses companionship, food, fiber, recreation, work, education, exhibi- Glycogen Branching Enzyme Deficiency (GBED) in Quarter tion, and research conducted for the benefit of both humans and Horse related breeds animals, is consistent with the Veterinarian’s Oath.¹ 2. Equids must be provided water, food, proper handling, health care Junctional Epidermolysis Bullosa (JEB) in Belgians and an environment appropriate to their use, with thoughtful con- JEB in Saddlebred horses sideration for their species-typical biology and behavior.¹ Hereditary Equine Regional Dermal Asthenia (HERDA) in 3. Equids should be cared for in ways that minimize fear, pain, stress Quarter Horse-related breeds and suffering.¹ Lavender Foal Syndrome in Arabians 4. Equids should be provided with protection from injurious heat or Cerebellar Abiotrophy (CA) in Arabians cold and harmful adverse weather conditions. Fell Pony Syndrome 5. Equids used in competition, spectator events, shows, exhibitions, motion pictures and television should not be subjected to the New information in equine genetics is being generated very fraudulent use of drugs, non-nutritive agents, equipment or proce- quickly and this list will be updated as it becomes available. dures intended to alter performance, conformation or appearance.² 6. Events and activities involving equids should continually strive to put the horse first above all other interests. 7. Equine industry organizations should identify areas where equids Surgical Correction of Undesirable Traits are being subjected to adverse procedures or training methods and and Genetic Defects work to eliminate any inhumane acts. 8. Equids should be transported in a manner which minimizes the According to the American Veterinary Medical Association, sur- potential for infirmity, illness, injury, fatigue or other undue suffer- gical correction of “genetic defects” for the purposes of concealing ing during the journey. the defect is unethical. If surgical correction is undertaken for the 9. Equids shall be treated with respect and dignity throughout their purpose of improving the health of the individual, then it should lives and, when necessary and at the appropriate time, be provided be accompanied by sterilization to prevent the perpetuation of the a humane death.¹ genetic defect. The AAEP agrees with the intent of this position. 10. The veterinary profession shall continually strive to improve equine Further, surgical correction of any characteristic specifically named health and welfare through scientific research, education, collabora- by the breed organization as being prohibited, for the purpose of tion, advocacy and the proposal or support of appropriate legisla- concealing the characteristic for obtaining registration, would be tion and regulations that promote the humane existence of equids.¹ considered fraudulent and unethical. Such procedures offer no ¹Adapted from AVMA Animal Welfare Principles, 2006. benefit to the horse and are intended only to deceive the breed orga- ²Adapted from AVMA Policy on Animals Used In Entertainment, Shows, nization. The AAEP does support surgical correction of conditions and for Exhibition, 2007. that are in the best interest of individual horses. Revised by AAEP board of directors in 2016. Identification of Genetic Traits Position on Equids Used in Entertainment, AAEP supports the use of genetic testing by veterinarians or breed associations to identify genetic mutations in animals so that owners Shows and for Exhibition can make informed decisions about breeding, purchase and specific The AAEP supports the humane and ethical use of equids in treatments. Breed associations should be contacted to determine if spectator events, competitions, exhibitions, and entertainment in there are any restrictions on registration of horses with genetic defects. accordance with existing federal, state and local animal protection Licensed laboratories should be used for genetic testing. laws. Examples include but are not limited to racing, horse shows, More information on equine genetic diseases is available at these polo, rodeo, and audiovisual media such as movies and television. websites: The AAEP encourages all organizations and individuals involved https://www.vdl.umn.edu in such events to develop and abide by stringent standardized https://www.cvm.msu.edu/research/faculty-research/ rules, policies and procedures that ensure equids shall at all times valberg-laboratory be treated humanely and with dignity, respect and compassion. https://getgluck.ca.uky.edu This should also include proper housing, transportation, nutrition, https://www.vetsci.ca.uky.edu restraint, management oversight and veterinary care before, during and after use. Revised by AAEP board of directors in 2009. The AAEP opposes tripping, injuring or causing the death of horses, mules and donkeys for any entertainment purpose or during the training of such equids for any entertainment purpose and rec- ommends that all equine welfare guidelines or standards be adhered to. Similarly, the AAEP believes that equids used in competition,
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spectator events, shows, exhibitions, motion pictures and television The AAEP recognizes that the processing of unwanted horses is should not be subjected to the fraudulent use of drugs, non-nutritive currently a necessary aspect of the equine industry, and provides a agents, equipment or procedures intended to alter performance, humane alternative to allowing the horse to continue a life of discom- conformation, appearance or function. fort and pain, and possibly inadequate care or abandonment. The The AAEP encourages quality, standardized drug testing to ensure AAEP encourages, fosters and provides education regarding responsible equity, fairness and the appropriate use of therapeutic medications. ownership and management that will reduce the number of unwanted Certain events involving equids are prohibited in some jurisdictions. horses. In addition, the AAEP supports and commends the efforts of The organizers of any kind of competition, spectator event, show, exhi- equine retirement facilities and adoption groups. bition, motion picture or television production should contact the local Regarding the care of horses destined for processing, the AAEP’s and state authorities prior to scheduling such an event to be sure they position is that these horses should be: are acting in accordance with local laws and regulations. • Treated humanely and with dignity; Approved by AAEP board of directors in 2014. • Transported to the production facility in accordance with United States Department of Agriculture regulations; Position on the Practice of Hemi-Castration • Euthanized in a humane manner in accordance with the guidelines established by the American Veterinary Medical Association. Removal of a retained testicle, while leaving the descended testicle within the scrotum and without permanent identification of the horse In addition, the AAEP recognizes that the human consumption of as a hemi-castrate, may expose that horse to unnecessary additional horsemeat is a cultural and personal issue and does not fall within invasive surgical procedures. Subsequent efforts to locate and excise the purview of the association, whose mission is to improve the the previously removed retained testicle may require extensive abdom- health and welfare of the horse. inal exploration with increasing risk of post-operative complications. As it is in the best interest of the horse, the AAEP advocates the devel- Revised by AAEP board of directors in 2016. opment of a permanent identification system of hemi-castrates that is acceptable to breed associations, owners and veterinarians. Position on the Management of Mares Reviewed by AAEP board of directors in 2016. Utilized in the Pregnant Mare Urine (PMU) Collection Industry Position on Stewardship of the Horse Through on-site investigations and peer review of ongoing The AAEP advocates respect for the dignity and the welfare of all research, the AAEP believes the collection of urine from pregnant horses and recognizes their specialized needs. It is the responsibility of mares and care of their offspring as prescribed by the recommended AAEP members to serve as stewards of the horse and to follow prac- “Code of Practice,” represents responsible management of horses to tices that promote the health and welfare of the horse. produce a commodity for the benefit of man. These practices should The AAEP champions and fosters: research towards understanding not result in abuse, neglect or inhumane treatment of horses. and reducing injuries and illnesses; education to inform and support owners, trainers, event organizers and veterinarians regarding preven- The recommended Code of Practice is accessible at www.naeric.org/ tive medicine, responsible training and the humane treatment of horses; about.asp?strNav=5&. modern and progressive horse care as insured by periodic examina- In June 2014, the Equine Ranching Advisory Board developed a tion and disease prevention implemented by licensed veterinarians in white paper on “Care and Oversight of Horses Managed for the partnership with horse owners, breeders and managers; and euthanasia when justified by thorough and expedient diagnostic procedures to end Collection of Pregnant Mares’ Urine (PMU).” The AAEP acknowl- inhumane suffering. edges the thorough nature of this document and believes it is a good Regarding the horse in competition, the American Association of resource for parties interested in the management of PMU horses. Equine Practitioners advocates: ethical and humane conditions and Unlike the other white papers available on the AAEP website, this handling which includes proper housing, transportation and nutrition document was not created specifically by the AAEP; it was prepared in the training and care of the competitive horse; standardization of by the Equine Ranching Advisory Board, many of whom are AAEP rules, policies and procedures for all equine events to insure maximum members. It was reviewed for inclusion on the AAEP website by the safety, health and welfare for all participants; and quality drug testing to AAEP Welfare and Public Policy Advisory Council. The AAEP does assure equity and fairness regarding the regulation and use of appropri- not endorse or support any specific product or company referenced ate therapeutic medications as they affect the competitive horse. therein. You can read the paper at www.naeric.org/assets/pdf/PMU- WhitePaper.pdf. Revised by AAEP board of directors in 2016. Reviewed by AAEP board of directors in 2015.
Position on Transportation and Position on Management of Bureau of Land Processing of Horses Management Wild Horses and Burros The AAEP advocates the humane treatment of all horses and believes The wild free-roaming horses and burros on lands managed by the the equine industry and horse owners have a responsibility to provide Bureau of Land Management (BLM) in the Western United States humane care throughout the life of the horse. However, a small per- are a unique population of animals protected by the 1971 Wild centage of horses are ultimately unwanted because they are no longer Free-Roaming Horses and Burros Act (Public Law 92-195). This act serviceable, are infirm, dangerous, or their owners are no longer able and subsequent amendments provide for the necessary management, to care for them. protection and control of these animals on public lands.
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At present time, the number of wild horses and burros on the Position on the Use of Horses range is three times greater than the appropriate management level determined by the BLM. Historically, herd population numbers in Urban Environments have increased at the rate of 15-20% per year. Overpopulation has The AAEP supports the humane and ethical use of horses in created welfare risks such as starvation and dehydration due to urban environments, such as mounted patrols, tourist carriages and scarce food and water supplies in some management areas. Current taxi/limousine services, in accordance with federal, state and local population control methods employed by the BLM, including the animal protection laws. Research has shown that horses in urban removal of excess horses from the range, adoption of gathered settings adapt easily to their surroundings. Horses engaged in these horses by private individuals, sex-ratio adjustments and contracep- activities require that special working and living conditions and tive vaccines, have not been successful in achieving manageable precautions be taken for their safety and well-being. Urban envi- population numbers. ronments present potential health and welfare hazards that may The AAEP and AVMA believes multiple strategies are necessary preclude their use, such as extremes of pollution, icy or otherwise for the wild horse and burro population to reach the desired level slippery surfaces, climate and load. that optimizes the health of the animals on the range, while reduc- Guidelines for the care of individual horses may vary by location. ing welfare impacts caused by overpopulation in areas of limited Horses should have access to fresh water and should be staged in resources. areas which provide shelter from adverse weather conditions. The The AAEP and AVMA endorses the humane management of the AAEP encourages research into the effects of climate on working wild horse and burro population through a combination of the fol- horses in urban environments. This would avoid the tendency for lowing strategies: setting arbitrary regulations that are based upon the effects of climate on horses in other equestrian activities that experience dif- A. Ongoing development and use of long-lasting, effective contracep- ferent levels of work than horses working in urban environments. tives in herds where feasible. Provisions concerning work hours, workloads and living condi- B. Use of permanent sterilization methods such as spaying or cas- tions, health care, feeding, management, standards of driver train- tration in selected herds where repeated capture or darting with ing, and passenger safety should be prepared for each jurisdiction contraceptive vaccines is not feasible. The AAEP and AVMA with the assistance of an equine veterinarian familiar with local encourages research into other methods of permanent sterilization conditions. The appropriate licensing standards with recommended to prevent pregnancy. minimum guidelines should be established and adhered to by local C. Continued removal of animals from areas where the range cannot authorities and funding should be provided for re-inspection and support a growing population because of the danger of starvation renewal to confirm guidelines are being followed. or dehydration or where the population numbers threaten limited To ensure the health and welfare of horses in urban environ- rangeland resources and wildlife. ments, they should be examined at least annually by competent D. Continued development of new adoption and sales strategies for equine veterinarians familiar with local conditions, with regard to animals removed from the range. Strategies may include collabora- body condition, freedom from lameness and disease, and appro- tion with private enterprises within the horse industry as well as priateness of living conditions and transport, with all findings public sector and non-governmental organizations so that the ani- recorded. mals may be utilized for recreation, companionship or placement The equine veterinarian is the most qualified individual to man- in privately funded sanctuaries. age the health care needs of the horse. The owners and caregivers E. Unrestricted sale, which was incorporated into the Wild Free- of horses working in urban settings should have a professional rela- Roaming Horses and Burro Act by amendment in the Omnibus tionship with a veterinary practice with equine expertise that can Appropriations Act of 2005, should also be an available manage- respond appropriately to all emergencies, including those in which ment strategy for horses in holding that are over the age of 10 years humane euthanasia is required. In the absence of a veterinarian in or have been offered for adoption unsuccessfully three times. such a situation, the AAEP acknowledges that it may be necessary Additionally, the AAEP and AVMA supports the BLM’s existing for licensed, qualified animal control or trained law enforcement policy that allows for the humane euthanasia of wild horses and personnel to perform euthanasia using the established guidelines burros for reasons related to health and welfare, including animals of the American Veterinary Medical Association. A veterinarian that are seriously ill or injured with a poor prognosis for improve- should be consulted, if possible, prior to euthanasia by a trained ment; irreversibly lame; starved with a poor prognosis for recovery; non-veterinarian. Educational programs should be developed for or dangerous. equine veterinarians to train law enforcement and animal control While safe and effective long-lasting contraceptive methods are officers in horse handling, emergency assessment, and humane under development, it will be years before they are fully tested and euthanasia. available. The AAEP and AVMA believes short-term and perma- Revised by AAEP board of directors in 2020. nent sterilization methods combined with greater private-sale and adoption options will best serve the Bureau of Land Management’s mission to protect the health and welfare of wild horses and burros. Position on the Use of Vesicants
Resource: American Veterinary Medical Association. AVMA The AAEP does not support the use of vesicants in the management Guidelines on Euthanasia. Available at: https://www.avma.org/KB/ of musculoskeletal disorders and finds no scientific evidence to validate Policies/Documents/euthanasia.pdf. their use in the horse. Approved by AAEP board of directors in 2019. Revised by AAEP board of directors in 2019.
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Position on the Practice of Soring Position on the Use of Hog Rings The AAEP condemns the practice of “soring,” as legally defined Cribbing (also known as crib biting or windsucking) is one of in the Horse Protection Act of 1970 (HPA), to accentuate a horse’s many repetitive behaviors known as stereotypies which are some- gait for training or show purposes. times demonstrated by horses. A variety of devices have been uti- The AAEP supports the efforts of APHIS in the application and lized to prevent horses from cribbing, including hog rings. enforcement of the HPA as outlined in the APHIS Horse Protection The AAEP opposes the use of hog rings placed around the Operating Plan and strongly recommends imposing sufficient sanc- maxillary incisors to prevent cribbing in horses. These devices are tions to prevent these practices. detrimental to the welfare of the horse due to the potential to cause As legally defined in the HPA, “soring” refers to: persistent pain, damage to the gingiva, periodontal disease and abrasive wear to adjacent teeth. Hog rings should not be used as an 1. An irritating or blistering agent has been applied, internally anti-cribbing device. or externally, by a person to any limb of a horse; 2. Any burn, cut or laceration has been inflicted by a person on Revised by AAEP board of directors in 2020. any limb of a horse; 3. Any tack, nail, screw or chemical agent has been injected by a person or used by a person on any limb of a horse; or Position on Equine Exercise 4. Any other substance or device has been used by a person on In circumstances where horse owners are unable to regularly ride any limb of a horse or a person has engaged in a practice or otherwise exercise their horses, caretakers may provide turnout involving a horse, and, as a result of such application, inflic- opportunities for horses in a safe enclosure. If safe turnout space tion, injection, use or practice, such a horse suffers, or can is not available, horses should be exercised to maintain physical reasonably be expected to suffer, physical pain or distress, health and mental wellbeing. Healthy horses should not be confined inflammation or lameness when walking, trotting or other- to a stall for extended periods of time without exercise. Horses wise moving, except that such term does not include such an owners and caretakers should consult with their regular veterinar- application, infliction, injection, use or practice in connection ian regarding minimum exercise programs for individual horses, with the therapeutic treatment of a horse by or under the dietary modifications to accompany decreased work, and later a supervision of a person licensed to practice veterinary medi- cine in the State in which such a treatment was given. safe return to fitness after an extended period of downtime. Racehorses in a training and/or racing environment are predis- For additional information on this issue, please read the AAEP’s posed to health emergencies and perilous behavior if their exercise white paper “Putting the Horse First: Veterinary Recommendations routine is abruptly suspended, posing significant risks to horses for Ending the Soring of Tennessee Walking Horses” (2008), and handlers. Horses at racetracks and training centers should be accessible at aaep.org/newsroom/whitepapers/old. allowed controlled exercise in an amount needed to maintain fit- Reviewed by AAEP board of directors in 2016. ness, mental well-being and safety, while adhering to public health protocols that safeguard the welfare of those responsible for their care. Sport horses used in other types of equestrian competition Position on Tail Alteration in Horses have similar challenges and should be managed with the same con- The AAEP condemns the alteration of the tail of the horse for siderations in mind. cosmetic or competitive purposes. This includes, but is not limited to, docking, nicking (i.e., cutting) and blocking. When performed Approved by AAEP board of directors in 2020. for cosmetic purposes, these procedures do not contribute to the health or welfare of the horse and are primarily used for gain in the show ring (nicking/cutting, blocking and docking) or because Horse Show of historical custom (docking). If a horse’s tail becomes injured or diseased and requires medical or surgical intervention such care Horse Show Official Veterinarian should be provided by a licensed veterinarian. The responsibilities of the official veterinarian for horse shows The AAEP urges all breed associations and disciplines to establish and other equestrian events are as follows: and enforce guidelines to eliminate these practices and to edu- cate their membership on the horse health risks they may create. • He or she shall serve as a professional consultant on veterinary Members of the AAEP should educate their clients about the poten- matters to the show management, the stewards and the judges. tial health risks, welfare concerns, legal and/or regulatory ramifica- • He or she shall advise the management and cooperating tions regarding these procedures based on the relevant jurisdiction persons and agencies about the health care of the horses and/or association rules. present at the event and shall administer to them if the Revised by AAEP board of directors in 2015. need arises. • He or she shall do everything within his or her power and training to aid the sport in general and the event in par- Position on Thermocautery or Pin Firing ticular. When applied judiciously and in conjunction with appropriate • He or she shall not assume or be expected to assume the role, analgesia and aftercare, thermocautery or pin firing has been con- responsibilities or privileges of the management, judges, stew- sidered an acceptable therapeutic modality for specific conditions ards or other officials or agencies at the event. in the horse. With the advent of current science-based procedures to • He or she shall not assume or be expected to assume a dual treat specific musculoskeletal conditions in the horse, the AAEP no role in conjunction with that of Official Veterinarian. longer supports the use of thermocautery or pin firing. Reviewed by AAEP board of directors in 2010. Revised by AAEP board of directors in 2019.
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Medication the horse’s condition based on previous and current examina- tions as well as appropriate diagnostic testing. Position on Endurance Horse Medications • The AAEP recommends all medical procedures and treat- ments be performed in the context of a valid veterinarian- Endurance rides and competitive trail rides differ from racing in client-patient relationship. that horses competing in these events are judged primarily on their • The AAEP recommends a detailed medical record be com- endurance, physical fitness and ability to withstand the stress of sus- pleted for each examination, and all records should comply tained hard work on long trails. Speed and time are considerations, with the veterinary medical board requirements in the state but not the determining factors. where one practices. AAEP policy recommends that the use of any medication in horses • The AAEP recommends a horse’s history and medical records participating in competitive trail or endurance rides is prohibited. be shared between the horse’s primary veterinarian, consult- Medications for this purpose are defined as injectable, oral or topical ing veterinarian, trainer and owners, as well as any veterinar- administered substances other than oral electrolytes and vitamins. ian the owner chooses in order to provide a continuity of Reviewed by AAEP board of directors in 2010. care. Additionally, the following are AAEP guidelines specific to the Position on Therapeutic Medication for the sport of horse racing: Racehorse • The AAEP strongly recommends and advocates that all racing The AAEP policy on medication in pari-mutuel racing is driven jurisdictions should adopt the national uniform medication by our mission to improve the health and welfare of the horse. The program (NUMP) and penalty schedules as set forth by the AAEP policy is aimed at providing the best health care possible for Association of Racing Commissioners International (ARCI), the racehorses competing while ensuring the integrity of the sport. including the Racing Medication and Testing Consortium’s The racetrack veterinarian should be directly involved in the oversight on laboratory performance and proficiency. These diagnosis and treatment of soundness and health disorders; and regulations and procedures strive to protect the integrity of must advocate with all stakeholders for professional and ethical racing as well as the health and welfare of the horse. practice at all times. • The AAEP recommends abiding by the rules and regulations There is much consistency across racing jurisdictions with respect of the jurisdiction in which one practices, recognizing that to therapeutic medication control and anti-doping regulations; some state regulations do not conform to the NUMP. however, some differences do exist. It is therefore essential that • The AAEP encourages proactive and constructive communi- veterinarians providing care to the racehorse know and carefully cation between regulatory bodies and practicing veterinar- follow the rules, especially as they concern the health and welfare ians, as well as other industry stakeholders based on the of the horse. The AAEP expects its members to abide by the rules premise that attending veterinarians should be unconditional of all jurisdictions where they practice. advocates for the welfare and safety of horses and work Medication usage for non-therapeutic purposes can put horse closely with regulatory veterinarians to identify and protect health at risk and deprives ethical stakeholders of fair competition. horses that are at increased risk for injury. The AAEP condemns the administration of non-therapeutic or • The AAEP endorses “rest” as an important component of a unprescribed medications to racehorses based on our belief that it comprehensive health care program for racehorses and rec- is not in the interest of horse welfare and racing integrity. The AAEP ommends the integration of rest into therapeutic medication believes that all therapeutic medication (prescription or otherwise) programs. should be administered by or under the direction of a licensed • The AAEP supports the judicious use of compounded veterinarian and based on a diagnosis. (View the ARCI Controlled medications in strict compliance with FDA regulations and in Therapeutic Medication Schedule at www.arci.com/resources.) accordance with the AAEP’s compounding guidelines (acces- Health care decisions for individual horses should involve the vet- sible through https://aaep.org/guidelines/drug-compounding). erinarian, the trainer and owner with the best interests of the horse • The AAEP supports the communication of all medical and as the primary objective. treatment history to the new trainer and owner of a horse In order to provide the best health care possible for the race- claimed or purchased to ensure continuity of care. horse, veterinarians should utilize the most current diagnostic and • The AAEP supports a minimum interval of 14 days following therapeutic modalities available in accordance with medication an intra-articular injection to a horse’s next race, recognizing guidelines designed to ensure the integrity of the sport. To this end, that differences in risk among varied racing disciplines may the following are the essential elements of AAEP policy concerning warrant consideration. veterinary care for all horses in competition: • The AAEP supports a 48-hour restricted administration time for non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) for rac- • The AAEP believes the welfare of the horse must be placed ing and breezing as well as the elimination of stacking (i.e. above the demands of competition and monetary or social administration of two or more drugs of the same classifica- gain. tion). • The AAEP strongly supports veterinary practitioner adher- • The AAEP strongly endorses increased surveillance and out ence to the ethical guidelines of the American Veterinary of competition testing to facilitate enforcement of the above- Medical Association and the American Association of Equine mentioned regulations. Practitioners. • The AAEP currently supports the use of furosemide as a • The AAEP recommends wherever possible to follow the race-day medication to control exercise-induced pulmonary principles of evidence-based medicine before proceeding with hemorrhage (EIPH) in the absence of a more effective treat- a treatment recommendation. The AAEP believes that treat- ment and/or management strategy for EIPH. ment recommendations be based on a thorough knowledge of
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• The AAEP recognizes the ongoing industry initiatives to • The AAEP recommends all medical procedures and treat- phase out race-day administration of furosemide. Therefore, ments be performed in the context of a valid veterinarian- it is incumbent upon all racetrack veterinarians to develop client-patient relationship. an evidence-based comprehensive medical and stable man- • The AAEP recommends a detailed medical record be com- agement plan to minimize the incidence and degree of EIPH pleted for each examination, and all records should comply commonly associated with high-speed exercise, consistent with the veterinary medical board requirements in the state with the medication rules of the jurisdictions in which they where one practices. practice. The AAEP strongly advocates for research and the • The AAEP recommends a horse’s history and medical records development of new strategies including, but not limited to, be shared between the horse’s primary veterinarian, consult- training methods, nutritional management, genetics, and ing veterinarian, trainer and owners, as well as any veterinar- environmental modifications, to assist in improving respira- ian the owner chooses in order to provide a continuity of tory health and mitigating the effects of EIPH in training and care. racing horses. The essential elements of AAEP policy concerning the veterinar- • The AAEP strongly recommends continued research in ians’ role in medication administration for the horse in competition determining guidelines for withdrawal intervals that allow are as follows: for the responsible and ethical use of medication in training • Veterinarians should refer clients’ questions regarding medi- and racing horses. The AAEP is aware of the dynamics of cation advice to the appropriate source such as the AQHA, the development of new products, as well as the continuing FEI and USEF. It is recommended that these resources be evaluation of current medications, and will continue to evalu- made readily available to veterinarians, owners, riders and ate its policy based upon available scientific research and the trainers from each of the sanctioning bodies. best interests of the horse. • Organizations that have published drug regulations (AQHA, FEI, USEF) should be consulted by the sanctioning body of Approved by AAEP board of directors in 2020. the equestrian competition which have no regulation on the use of medication for competition. Position on Therapeutic Medication for the • US Equestrian (USEF) has a 12-hour rule that prohibits Competition Horse injections prior to competition with certain, well-defined exceptions. This rule should be adopted by other sanctioning The AAEP policy on medication in the competition horse is bodies and promoted by the practitioner. driven by our mission to improve the health and welfare of the • Oral administration of various supplements containing a horse. To this end, this policy is aimed at providing the best health combination of electrolytes, amino acids and herbs are care possible while ensuring the integrity of each discipline. marketed and sold in large quantities to the performance The majority of AAEP members work on horses competing in horse owner/trainer with the advertised purpose to “quiet” one of the many disciplines encompassing the activities of the sport the competition horse. The use of these supplements violates horse. The veterinarian is typically directly involved in diagnosing the spirit of the rules concerning the quieting of competition and treating soundness and health issues. However, veterinarians horses and the AAEP recommends that their use be discour- may play a limited role in the area of medicating the horse at aged by veterinarians. competitions because riders and trainers employ procedures and • The use of medroxyprogesterone (MPA) should be discour- administer medications acquired from non-veterinary sources or aged for horses in competition. The AAEP has issued a state- from veterinarians at the horse show. ment opposing the use of MPA in competition horses and the These disciplines are quite varied and are governed by sanc- USEF prohibits its use in their sanctioned events. tioning bodies with widely disparate rules and guidelines. It is, • Bisphosphonates in the competing horse should be used therefore, incumbent on the veterinarian providing care to the with discretion. Its use should be restricted to those forms of competition horse that they understand these rules and follow them bisphosphonate that are labeled for use in horses, be adminis- carefully, especially as it concerns the health and wellbeing of the tered as labeled by the manufacturer, and in accordance with horse. Ultimately, in the interest of horse welfare, horses should the rules and regulations governing the event. compete on their own merits. Therefore, medications used for non- • In some disciplines, acepromazine is sometimes permitted to therapeutic purposes is a distortion of the spirit of competition. be used as a quieting agent. The AAEP discourages its use in The essential elements of AAEP policy concerning the veterinar- competition. ians’ role regarding the horse in competition are as follows: • The AAEP believes the welfare of the horse must be placed Approved by AAEP board of directors in 2020. above the demands of competition and monetary or social gain. • The AAEP strongly supports veterinary practitioner adher- Position on the Use of Anabolic Steroids ence to the ethical guidelines of the American Veterinary Medical Association and the American Association of Equine Definition and Mode of Action Practitioners. Anabolic steroids are a group of naturally occurring and/or syn- • The AAEP recommends wherever possible to follow the thetic hormones including androgens (testosterone and its deriva- principles of evidence-based medicine before proceeding with tives), estrogen and progestins. The action of these substances is to a treatment recommendation. The AAEP believes that treat- increase protein synthesis, particularly in skeletal muscle. Anabolic ment recommendations be based on a thorough knowledge of steroids have specific indications in the therapeutic treatment of the horse’s condition based on previous and current examina- medical conditions of horses. tions as well as appropriate diagnostic testing.
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Indications for Use that MPA was not effective at suppression of behavioral estrus.1 Many veterinarians believe MPA modifies behavior by producing a Indications for use: Anabolic steroids are primarily effective calming effect in the horse and does not have a therapeutic benefit when the objective is to improve appetite, repair tissue, promote that goes beyond this behavior modification. Therefore, the AAEP weight gain and accelerate recovery from disease. In horses, ana- recommends that MPA should not be administered to horses in bolic steroids may stimulate appetite and increase muscle mass, competition. particularly when there has been marked tissue breakdown associ- ated with disease, prolonged anorexia, stress, or surgery. ¹Gee EK, C DeLuca, JL Stylski, PM McCue. Efficacy of medroxyproges- Potential side effects of anabolic therapy: Anabolic steroids terone acetate in suppression of estrus in cycling mares. J Equine Vet Sci may cause aggressive or male-like behavior in mares or geldings. 2009;29:140-145 Of greater concern are the potentially adverse effects of anabolic Approved by AAEP board of directors in 2019. steroids on the reproductive function of both mares and stallions. Although these effects are not thought to be permanent, consider- ation must be given to this possibility. Additionally, anabolic steroids, like other drugs, should only be Racing prescribed where a doctor/client/patient relationship exists and only for the therapeutic treatment of specific medical conditions. Private Practice by Regulatory Veterinarians In adherence with its medication policies related to competition The AAEP views as a conflict of interest the participation in private horses, the AAEP recommends that practitioners abide by the rules practice by a “Regulatory Veterinarian” at the track where he or she governing the jurisdiction or competition in which they practice. serves in an official capacity. Veterinarians must exercise extreme caution in prescribing anabolic (Regulatory Veterinarian means track veterinarian, examining veteri- steroids to prevent their acquisition for human use. narian, commission veterinarian, identifier or any other official capacity Reviewed by AAEP board of directors in 2010. in the racing department.) For the purposes of this policy, the associates in private practice of a regulatory veterinarian are similarly excluded from practice at the track Position on the Use of Corticosteroids where the regulatory veterinarian is employed. This interpretation implies no intent to impugn any mem- Definition and Mode of Action bers who serve in dual capacities; but such conflicts of interest Corticosteroids occur naturally or may be synthesized. The most have invited misunderstanding, challenge and untoward public reaction. useful and desired effect of these compounds is to control inflam- Many states outlaw private practice by regulatory veterinarians. In mation. Corticosteroids have specific indications in the therapeutic those states where no regulation exists, professional ethics preclude such treatment of medical conditions of horses. conflicts of interest. Effective January 1, 1969, the AAEP will regard participation in Indications for Use private practice by a regulatory veterinarian at the track where he or she is employed as a serious breach of ethics and may be the cause for Indications for use: Corticosteroids act and are indicated in a termination of membership or other disciplinary action. wide variety of conditions that require anti-inflammatory therapy, A regulatory veterinarian may administer emergency first aid in the such as joint inflammation, allergic conditions and skin disease. absence of a private practitioner, but such emergency treatment will be Potential side effects of corticosteroid therapy: Some corticosteroids, administered without fee and the case referred to a private practitioner when used excessively or too frequently, may have a negative effect on for further care. the body’s natural immune response. Locally injected, corticosteroids may weaken support tissues such as the cartilage and ligaments of a Reviewed by AAEP board of directors in 2010. damaged joint if used excessively or indiscriminately. The frequent systemic use of corticosteroids may suppress the ability of the adrenal gland to produce naturally occurring corticosteroids and other hor- Reproduction mones, thus creating a hormonal imbalance. Some corticosteroids have been implicated anecdotally as a cause of laminitis. Veterinary Management of Broodmares Additionally, corticosteroids, like other drugs, should only be prescribed where a doctor/client/patient relationship exists and It is the opinion of the AAEP that the commonly used diagnostic only for the therapeutic treatment of specific medical conditions. and therapeutic procedures are important in the proper manage- In adherence with its medication policies related to competition ment of broodmares for optimum reproductive efficiency. horses, the AAEP recommends that practitioners abide by the rules These procedures include, but are not limited to: palpation per governing the jurisdiction or competition in which they practice. rectum, ultrasound examination, visual and endoscopic examina- tion of the internal reproductive organs, endometrial culture, endo- Reviewed by AAEP board of directors in 2010. metrial cytology, endometrial biopsy, hormone assays, intrauterine therapy, urogenital surgery, embryo and gamete retrieval, manipula- Position on the Use of Medroxyprogesterone tion and transfer, and artificial insemination (AI). AI should be performed under the direction of a licensed vet- Acetate in Competition Horses erinarian pursuant to a valid VCPR. All other above named proce- Medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA) is a synthetic progestin dures should only be performed by a licensed veterinarian. hormone administered to mares off-label in an attempt to suppress Revised by AAEP board of directors in 2013. behavioral estrus. However, a controlled research study found
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Recommendations for Transported Semen copy); medical therapeutic strategies; and urogenital surgery. A reproduction examination should be carried out by a licensed as it Relates to Equine Viral Arteritis (EVA) veterinarian prior to entry of a stallion into a breeding program Equine Viral Arteritis (EVA) with respect to stallions from which and periodically during his breeding career in order to manage the semen is collected and transported from the premises in the fresh stallion to his maximum efficiency. Semen collections should be cooled or frozen state: performed by a licensed veterinarian or qualified reproductive tech- nician in association with a veterinarian. Diagnostic tests, medical 1. Breeding stallions unvaccinated for EVA should be tested for treatments and urogenital surgery should be conducted only by a evidence of equine viral arteritis infection using the serum neu- licensed veterinarian. tralization test. No stallion should be vaccinated for the first time Reviewed by AAEP board of directors in 2010. without its prevaccination titer first being established. 2. Seronegative stallions (titers of less than 1:4) should be vacci- nated at least 28 days prior to breeding or semen collection and Recommendations Regarding receive an annual booster. Vaccinated stallions should be isolated Equine Viral Arteritis (EVA) for 28 days post vaccination. Seronegative stallions that are vaccinated for EVA should be vaccinated at least 28 days prior Please visit the Biosecurity Guidelines for Control of Venereally to breeding or semen collection and receive an annual booster. Transmitted Diseases at aaep.org/guidelines/infectious-disease- Vaccinated stallions should be isolated 28 days post vaccination. control/biosecurity-guidelines-control-venereally- 3. Seropositive stallion’s (unvaccinated) shedding status should be transmitted-diseases determined every 12 months either by: Attempted virus isolation on semen or, testbreeding to at least two seronegative mares and monitoring for seroconversion at 14 and 28 days post breeding. Breeding Terminology 4. Seropositive stallions (vaccinated) need not be tested for virus In providing written reports to interested parties, the AAEP encour- shedding if seronegative prior to initial vaccination. ages all equine practitioners to use the following terms when conduct- 5. The serologic and shedding status of non-EVA vaccinated sero- ing reproductive examinations: positive stallions should be made known to mare owners receiv- Pregnant: Any filly or mare shall be characterized as “pregnant” ing the semen. This information should also be reported to state if and only if a licensed veterinarian has made such a determination. authorities where so required and to breed associations where so Any such report should include the method of diagnosis (i.e. palpation required. per rectum, transrectal ultrasound, etc.) and the approximate length 6. Stallions seropositive for EVA from natural exposure need not be of gestation. A statement regarding whether or not the examining vaccinated. veterinarian has determined that the pregnancy appears normal for the gestational age should also be included. Knowledge of any adjunct Guidelines pertaining to mares which will be inseminated method(s) used to aid in the maintenance of said pregnancy should be with transported fresh cooled or frozen semen. disclosed. Aborted: Any filly or mare that is not pregnant at the time of 1. Seronegative mares to be inseminated with semen from an equine examination by a licensed veterinarian should be reported as “aborted” arteritis virus shedding stallion should be vaccinated against EVA rather than “not pregnant” if the person rendering the report is actually at least 21 days prior to insemination. These vaccinated animals aware that (a) an aborted fetus was observed or (b) the mare had been should be isolated for 21 days post vaccination. previously declared “pregnant” based on an examination by a licensed 2. Mares seropositive for EVA from natural exposure need not veterinarian at 42 days or more post mating. be vaccinated. Not Pregnant: Any filly or mare that has been examined for pregnan- cy by a licensed veterinarian, and found not to be pregnant at the time Reviewed by AAEP board of directors in 2010. of that examination shall be characterized as “not pregnant” unless there is evidence that the filly or mare has “aborted” as defined above. Veterinary Management of the Any such report shall include the method of determination. Breeding Stallion Suitable for Mating: Any filly or mare that is not pregnant shall be characterized as “suitable for mating” if examination by a licensed vet- It is the opinion of the AAEP that proper management of the erinarian does not reveal any obvious abnormalities that would impair breeding stallion is paramount in obtaining optimum breeding effi- the animal’s ability to have a reasonable chance of becoming pregnant ciency. Proper management requires close cooperation between the and carrying a foal to term. The examination of the reproductive licensed veterinarian and stallion manager. The licensed veterinar- tract (ovaries, uterus, cervix, vagina, vestibule and perineum) should ian can contribute various diagnostic and therapeutic procedures include palpation per rectum and where practical, transrectal ultraso- to this partnership. nography as well as visual and manual examination of the vagina and These procedures include, but are not limited to, the follow- cervix. While other tests and criteria can be used to further evaluate ing: visual, tactile, endoscopic and sonographic examination of the animal’s potential fertility, employment of such techniques shall be the reproductive organs; collection and evaluation of semen (i.e. at the discretion of the examiner or their client. A filly or mare may be assessment of spermatozoal number, initial spermatozoal motility, characterized as “suitable for mating” based on only one examination even though additional examinations may enhance the likelihood of longevity of spermatozoal motility and spermatozoal morphology); discovering reproductive abnormalities. evaluation of spermatozoal responsiveness to cooling and freezing Mating: The physical act of a stallion mounting a filly or mare with techniques; evaluation of extender compatibility with semen; repro- intromission of the penis. Artificial insemination qualifies as mating for ductive tract culture; reproductive tract biopsy; adjunctive diagnos- breeds that permit artificial insemination. tic techniques (e.g. hormonal assays, sperm chromatin structure Mated: Any filly or mare that has undergone the physical act of mat- assay, antisperm antibody assay and transmission electronic micros- ing but whose pregnancy status has not been determined.
26 AAEP ETHICAL AND PROFESSIONAL GUIDELINES
Stillborn: Any foal, after at least 320 days of gestation, that is dead administration would be permitted, the AAEP recommends the at the time of delivery. recording and disclosure of this and all treatments. Neonatal Death: Any foal that dies within 14 days of foaling from These administrations are to be performed in compliance with a medical condition determined to be existing at or dating from birth. the Sales Company’s Conditions of Sale relative to medication. Foal Died: Any foal that stands and nurses unassisted and subse- The AAEP recommends that therapeutic medications be per- quently dies from a condition not determined to be existing at or dating mitted only at concentrations below the thresholds prescribed in from birth. the ARCI’s Schedule of Controlled Therapeutic Substances. In the event of conflict with this recommendation, the Sales Company’s Revised by AAEP board of directors in 2010. Conditions of Sale supersede the ARCI’s schedule and the AAEP’s recommendation. Note: Regarding the medications listed below, it is recognized Sales Issues that corticosteroids and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs can exert a potent clinical effect and have the potential to mask clinical Position on Therapeutic Medication to Horses conditions and thereby not allow an accurate pre-sale appraisal by for Sale at Public Auction potential buyers. Intrathecal (joint and tendon sheath) injections of a corticosteroid for the purpose of masking clinical signs related to To conceptually evaluate the interaction of medication used in an underlying defect at any time would be considered an ethical the sales horse, its health care and public auction implications, the breach. AAEP evaluated the peri-sales timeframe in three time periods and The common medications given to horses intended for sales have assessed the effect of medication as a part of the horse’s health care been divided into categories. The categories are listed as generic in each time period. classes of medication, and medication actions, to prevent the need Time Period I: The Pre-sale Period. This is the interval from the for continually updating an exhaustive list of specific compounds. time the horse enters sales prep until its presentation at the sales Category 1: Permitted Medications. Horses can be medicated ground. The principal stakeholder in this time period is the owner after an appropriate diagnosis during the pre-sale and sales and/or consignor of the horse to public auction. They should be period as long as they comply with ARCI Controlled Therapeutic allowed to care for the horse in the best possible manner to safe- Medication Schedule for Horses Version 4.0 or its current ARCI guard its health while fairly representing the true status of the horse. approved version (accessible though www.arci.com/resources). Time Period II: The Sales Period. This is the time that the horse All medications must be detected at or below these threshold is on the sales ground at the auction site. The stakeholders in this concentrations at the time of a breeze and/or at the time of sale. time period expand from owner/consignor to also include the auc- All medications—administered by any route—must be declared tion company, potential buyers and their respective agents. The and transparent to potential buyers. Any medications not on the philosophy of medication use during this period must contemplate Schedule will be regulated by the testing laboratory’s Lower Limit the horse’s medical needs as well as the importance of allowing of Detection. Exceptions to this medication rule would require an potential buyers the opportunity to formulate an accurate assess- approved therapeutic exemption for that individual horse. Such ment of the horse. In addition to evaluating the health of the horse approval for the exemption would be the responsibility of a sales at the time of sale, there is an obligation to foster future health of company-appointed veterinarian. An example would be Progestins the horse going forward. (Regumate, etc.) which would be allowable with veterinary docu- Time Period III: The Post-sales Period. The purchaser is the stake- mentation in fillies for estrus suppression and mares for pregnancy holder. It is the purview of the purchaser to ensure that they have maintenance but banned in all other categories of horses due to its bought a fairly represented sales horse, but it is not under the pur- anabolic effect. Additionally, horses that have been medicated with view of the purchaser to return the horse for anything other than a a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory must have no detectable level definitive violation of the published Conditions of Sale. of a second non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug and horses that Guidelines for Treatment: In the interest of the ability of the pur- have been medicated with a corticosteroid must have no detectable chaser to evaluate a potential purchase in a fair and uncomplicated level of a second corticosteroid. manner, it is recommended that: Category 2: Medications Not Allowable on the Sales Ground. • All treatments administered while the horse is on the sales These are medications that may be administered in advance of a grounds must be properly documented, the documentation horse’s presentation at the sales grounds. Examples of these medica- to include the results of a veterinarian’s examination and tions include (but are not limited to): antiprotozoals, bronchodila- justification for treatment. tors (e.g., clenbuterol and albuterol), diuretics, and vasoactive drugs • The treatment records should optimally be housed in the sales (e.g., aspirin, isoxsuprine or pentoxifylline). The detection of one of office or the repository and be made available to potential these medications in a post-breeze or post-sale sample may result in buyers and/or their agents and veterinarians. This procedure the return of a horse per the Conditions of Sale. Individuals admin- will require the cooperation of the sales companies to imple- istering these substances in advance of a sale are advised to conduct ment these policies for the sake of integrity and transparency. clearance testing before presenting their horses at the sales grounds. Category 3: Banned Substances. Substances on the ARCI’s List of Medication Recommendations Prohibited Substances (accessible though www.arci.com/resources) are in this category. As a general recommendation for medication of sales horses, the With respect to the use of bisphosphonates, the AAEP board of AAEP recommends that no medication be given within 24 hours directors has issued the following statement: of the start of a horse’s sales session, except in such situations as In the absence of research to refute the anecdotal observa- where certain medications can facilitate a fair and safe sale for tions of deleterious effects of bisphosphonates on immature both parties’ benefit. An example could be the administration of skeletons, the AAEP recommends that veterinarians follow acepromazine to facilitate safe handling. To the extent that this
2021 Leadership Resource Guide 27 ETHICAL AND PROFESSIONAL GUIDELINES
the manufacturer’s labeling recommendations for admin- and can be modified as needed for specific sale sites and situations. istration, particularly with regard to age. Also, because of It is hoped that the sales companies will take active roles in facili- the unknown duration and effect of bisphosphonates in tating the implementation of these recommendations and that they horses, these drugs should be considered inappropriate for will be maintained and updated as required. any horse, regardless of age, that is intended to be offered To reiterate, the primary objective is to establish “best practices” for sale at public auction as an athlete. to serve as guidelines for the presentation of horses at public auc- Anabolic steroids are banned substances, and veterinarians tion for fair and equitable establishment of the horse’s value, and to should be aware that it is not advisable to administer anabolic ste- deter the use of medication that may cloud the horse’s true status. roids to horses of any age intended for public auction. AAEP mem- bers should be aware of the following sales policies for each of the Approved by AAEP board of directors in 2020. three major US Thoroughbred auction companies. Buyers of young horses may request testing for bisphosphonates and/or anabolic Cryptorchid – Definition steroids to be performed at the time of purchase. If the sale horse tests positive, a buyer has the right, within 24 hours of notification, The AAEP has adopted the following definition of retained tes- to initiate the return of the horse. The details of that process are ticle or cryptorchid. defined in the Sales Companies’ Conditions of Sale. Category 4: Medications that must be declared in the Repository Cryptorchid: Any animal that does not have two testes palpable or announced by the Auctioneer. These medications may be admin- in their entirety below the external inguinal rings. In the event of istered as a component of the horse’s ongoing health care but may a dispute, the matter should be referred to a panel of veterinary affect the purchaser’s decision as to the suitability of the horse, and arbitrators. therefore must be publicly declared for assessment by potential Reviewed by AAEP board of directors in 2010. purchasers. Medications in this category include cyproheptadine, pergolide and antibiotics. (Note: Regarding any drugs found in Categories 2–5, the recommendation in their category will super- Dental Malocclusions sede the ARCI CTS.) Madibular brachygnathism (“parrot mouth” or MAL2) is the Enforcement: AAEP does not have the power of enforcement. condition in which the upper incisors protrude more rostrally than The principal enforcer must be the sales company, and the principal the lower incisors resulting in no occlusal contact between upper action should be the rescinding of the sale and return of the horse to and lower central incisor teeth. Mandibular prognathism (“sow the consignor. It is the desire of the AAEP to discourage legal action mouth,” “monkey mouth” or MAL3) is the condition in which by any parties. The AAEP encourages the sales companies to make the lower incisors protrude more rostrally than the upper incisors a concerted effort to be the power of dispute resolution for the fair resulting in no occlusal contact between upper and lower central and equitable protection of the purchaser and the seller. This may incisor teeth. The AAEP (and many breed organizations) consider be done through a panel of experienced veterinarians or some other these conditions undesirable traits. means outlined by the sales company. However, the sales company must take an active role in promoting the fair and equitable trans- Reviewed by AAEP board of directors in 2010. action, as indicated by their taking of a commission for facilitating the sale of the horse. The ultimate goals of these recommendations are (a) to establish Protocol for Pre-Sale Videoendoscopic what is acceptable, and what is not acceptable, for presentation of a Examination of the Upper Airway at Public horse at public auction (b) to have all consignors and veterinarians Auction abide by those “best practices” in “good faith,” and (c) to have any disputes resolved without litigation. These guidelines are presented Equipment must be capable of producing a digital video image as a best practice for the mutual establishment of a fair value of of excellent quality. horses at public auction. In the event that drug testing will be used Horse must be identified appropriately, and that identification in support of sales medication regulations, the sampling of the must be in digital format with character generation on the screen, horse’s blood and/or urine must take place on the sales ground, by and/or video of the catalog page, followed by unbroken video of the or under the direction of a licensed veterinarian and with the integ- face prior to introduction of the scope into the nares (right or left) rity of the sample maintained consistent with practices used in the and up to the larynx. This is a single stream video with no editing. management of post-race samples. Sample collection, processing, The veterinarian performing the video or the consignor will submit shipping and analysis protocols are defined in the Sales Companies’ each upper airway video on an individual flash drive or CD. Upper Condition of Sale. In sales where horses must sell after a timed airway videos should be stored in a file separate from the radio- performance, such as a “two-year-old in training” sale, such per- graphs in the repository in case of client request for one or the other. formances are normally governed by the rules of racing in the state Standard technique must include maximal abduction of aryte- of the sale. To the extent they differ, those regulations supersede noids induced by swallowing (multiple times) and nasal occlusion. the recommendations outlined here. Likewise, in these sales where performance is part of the sales process, medications are sometimes The duration of the video must be sufficient to identify all laryngeal allowed after exercise, if disclosed on the treatment sheets on file and pharyngeal structures as well as observing their maximal func- with the sales company, and accessible to the purchaser or the pur- tion within the context of a resting exam. chaser’s agent. The recommendations outlined here would also be The interval between the pre-sale videoendoscopic exam and the superseded by these regulations. The AAEP recommends adoption selling session will not exceed (10) days. of the above-described recommendation for all sales venues. These Approved by AAEP board of directors in 2016. recommendations will be superseded by specific sales conditions
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Recommended Guidelines for Post-Sale 3. Larygeneal hemiparesis with complete (full) abductor function. 4. Variations of epiglottic contour. Examination of Horses Intended for Racing 5. Pharyngeal lymphoid hyperplasia. (Guidelines pertain only to the Upper Respiratory Tract) 6. Mucopurulent discharge from guttural pouch. These guidelines are for post-sale examination and the reporting 7. Nasal septum deviation. of upper respiratory endoscopy evaluations. For the purpose of this Detailed diagrams and descriptive terms of the pathology noted examination, “upper respiratory endoscopy” does not include the should be a part of the examining veterinarian’s records only. The trachea. certificate issued by individuals or the arbitration team to the sales 1. Endoscopy of subject horse will be done at rest in the stall. companies or owners should be a generalized statement of the con- 2. Restrain with a twitch or lip chain; if restraint is removed dition without implied warranty for future athletic potential of the during the examination, make notation on certificate and subject horse at the time of the examination and should be prefaced document any differences in function observed. by the phrase “In my opinion.” 3. Pass the endoscope up either nostril. Other recommendations from the AAEP include: 4. Stimulate a swallowing reflex and/or perform nasal occlusion 1. That sales companies obtain a consent form signed by both to assist in evaluation of pharyngeal and laryngeal function. consignors and buyers to agree to the consent of an arbitra- 5. Observe for anatomical form and function of upper respira- tion panel and their binding conclusion thereof. tory structures. 2. That sales companies attempt to institute a uniform agree- 6. If a chemical restraint is needed, document the drug and ment among consignors regarding pre-sale examinations on dosage. Re-examination of the horse is suggested if chemical the sales grounds. It was the consensus of the subcommittee restraint has been used or is suspected. that either pre-sale examinations be uniformly allowed or 7. Document endoscopic observations and other pertinent find- disallowed, so as to establish conformity for consignors and ings on an appropriate certificate or suitable reporting form. buyers without allowing a selective advantage in the sales Conditions which should be considered unacceptable and should process to selected individuals. constitute grounds for rejection on the day of examination include, but are not limited to: Reviewed by AAEP board of directors in 2010. 1. Laryngeal hemiplegia. 2. Laryngeal hemiparesis with incomplete abductor function. Guidelines for Reporting 3. Epiglottic entrapment. Purchase Examinations 4. Persistent DDSP. 5. Arytenoid chondritis. The AAEP has approved the following guidelines for reporting 6. Subepiglottic cyst. equine purchase examinations. The spirit of these guidelines is to 7. Soft palate cyst. provide a framework which will aid the veterinarian in reporting 8. Rostral displacement of the palatopharyngeal arch. a purchase exam, and to define that it is the buyer’s responsibility 9. Nasopharyngeal cicatrix. to determine if the horse is suitable. These guidelines are neither 10. Space occupying lesions or malformation which compromise designed for nor intended to cover any examinations other than the diameter of upper respiratory tract. purchase examinations. (e.g. limited examinations at auction 11. Cleft palate. sales and other special purchase examinations, such as lameness, endoscopic, ophthalmic, radiographic, reproductive examinations, In the event of a dispute between the buyer’s veterinarian etc.). While compliance with all of the following guidelines helps and the consignor’s veterinarian, the AAEP recommends that to ensure a properly reported purchase examination, it remains the three veterinarians without conflicts of interest be drawn from sole responsibility of the veterinarian to determine the extent and an arbitration panel to adjudicate such dispute. The arbitration depth of each examination. The AAEP recognizes that for practical panel should consist of a pool of eight or more veterinarians and reasons, not all examinations permit or require veterinarians to could be established in specific geographic areas by local equine adhere to each of the following guidelines. practitioner organizations or equine sales companies. Criteria 1. All reports should be included in the medical record. for selection would be based upon experience and expertise. The 2. The report should contain: three veterinarians mutually selected by the buyer and consignor a. A description of the horse with sufficient specificity to would have no knowledge of either the horse, buyer, or consignor. fully identify it. Another acceptable method is to have five veterinarians b. The time, date and place of the examination. selected from the pool; three examiners would then be picked 3. The veterinarian should list all abnormal or undesirable find- from these five by a blind draw. They will examine the horse ings discovered during the examination and give his or her together and collectively determine the acceptance or rejection qualified opinions as to the functional effect of these findings. of the subject horse. Concurrence by two of the three examiners 4. The veterinarian should make no determination and express will be conclusive in such cases. Some conditions are generally no opinions as to the suitability of the animal for the purpose considered an acceptable variation of normal, but at times intended. This issue is a business judgment that is solely the may be viewed to affect the ability of the horse to perform its responsibility of the buyer that he or she should make on the intended use. basis of a variety of factors, only one of which is the report Conditions that may elicit concern regarding suitability for rac- provided by the veterinarian. ing include the interpretation of: 5. The veterinarian should record and retain in the medical record a description of all the procedures performed in con- 1. Intermittent DDSP. nection with the purchase examination, but the examination 2. Hypoplastic epiglottis. procedures need not be listed in detail in the report.
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6. The veterinarian should qualify any finding and opinions Position on Sale Disclosure expressed to the buyer with specific references to tests that were recommended but not performed on the horse (x-rays, AAEP supports the position that when a horse is sold, any known endoscopy, blood, drug, EKG, rectal, nerve blocks, labora- invasive surgery, disease, injury, or congenital defect which is not tory studies, etc.) at the request of the person for whom the apparent, should be disclosed to the intended buyer by the owner examination was performed. and/or agent. 7. The veterinarian should record and retain the name and The AAEP supports disclosure of ownership by single or multiple address of parties involved with the examination (buyer, owners of a horse at the time of offering for sale. seller, agent, witness, etc.). 8. A copy of the report and copies of all documents relevant to Reviewed by AAEP board of directors in 2010. the examination should be retained by the veterinarian for a period of years not less than the statute of limitations appli- cable for the state in which the service was rendered. Local Veterinary Practice legal counsel can provide advice as to the appropriate period of retention. Position on Practice of Veterinary Medicine Recommendations for Purchase Exams Every veterinarian should be familiar with the legal definition of the at Public Auction practice of veterinary medicine as defined in their state or provincial Veterinary Practice Act. The AAEP defines the practice of veterinary • Radiographic interpretation for potential buyers should be per- medicine for the ethical guidance of its members as the following: formed by a veterinarian retained to represent that buyer’s personal “Practice of veterinary medicine” means: interest with their particular needs and level of risk tolerance in mind. Any person practices veterinary medicine with respect to animals • Use of radiographic reports composed by the sellers’ veterinarian for when such person performs any one or more of the following: proposed buyers has the potential to jeopardize all parties involved. The buyer may not be represented adequately, the seller incurs great- a. Diagnoses, prognoses, treats or prevents animal disease, illness, er risk by potentially misrepresenting the horse and the veterinarian pain, deformity, defect, injury, or other physical, dental, or mental does not have the opportunity to explain his/her findings and their conditions by any method or mode; or relevance to resale or training, in their opinion. b. Prescribes, dispenses, or administers a drug, medicine, biologic, • Veterinarians are encouraged to report all radiographic findings appliance, or treatment of whatever nature; or when interpreting radiographs for either the seller or buyer at c. Performs upon an animal a medical procedure, a surgical or public auction, with particular emphasis on those areas where dental operation, or a complementary, integrative, or alternative pathology would commonly occur. veterinary medical procedure; or • Modifying or altering radiographic reports, including deleting d. Performs upon an animal any manual procedure for the diagnosis findings by either the veterinarian or anyone with access to the and /or treatment of pregnancy, sterility, or infertility; or report, so that they might be used as a positive marketing tool in the e. Upon examination determines the health, fitness, or soundness of auction venue is considered unethical and fraudulent. an animal; or • Veterinarians with ownership in horses being presented for public f. Directly or indirectly consults, supervises, or recommends treat- auction should avoid being involved in the representation of those ment of an animal by any means including telephonic and other horses to potential buyers including, but not limited to, performing a electronic communications; or radiographic or endoscopic assessment. g. Represents oneself directly or indirectly, as engaging in the prac- • Veterinarians involved in performing radiographic examinations on tice of veterinary medicine; or horses for sale at public auction should strive to provide optimum h. Uses any words, letters or titles under such circumstance as to radiographic quality with respect to proper positioning and appro- induce the belief that the person using them is qualified to engage priate exposure of all required views to ensure accurate and reliable in the practice of veterinary medicine, as defined. Such use shall be determinations of findings. prima facie evidence of the intent to represent oneself as engaged in the practice of veterinary medicine.
Approved by AAEP board of directors in 2014. Radiographs – Custody and Distribution
The AAEP recommends the retention of all radiographs on file Position on Roles of Healthcare Providers in for a period of three years. The AAEP and AVMA consider this Veterinary Medicine essential for protection against litigation. The assertion of legal precedent is that radiographs are the property of the veterinarians The AAEP recognizes that quality professional healthcare often who produced them, and only the information interpreted from requires the services of a Healthcare Team. The attending veterinar- the radiograph is the property of the client. In extenuating cir- ian is the leader of the Healthcare Team and is ultimately respon- cumstances a copy of the radiograph can be made for distribution, sible for all healthcare decisions made concerning an equine patient including for referrals and consultations. Distribution of the origi- until that patient is referred or discharged. The attending veterinar- nal radiographs risks loss or misplacement such practice should be ian may delegate appropriate healthcare tasks, allowable by state restricted to use in referrals and consultations, and then released law, to subordinate healthcare providers. Referral, as defined only upon proper request. by the American Association of Equine Practitioners (AAEP), American Veterinary Medical Association (AVMA), American Reviewed by AAEP board of directors in 2010. College of Veterinary Internal Medicine (ACVIM), American College of Veterinary Surgeons (ACVS), American College of
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Theriogenologists (ACT), and American College of Veterinary Position on Levels of Supervision Emergency and Critical Care (ACVECC), is the transfer of respon- sibility for diagnosis and/or care of a specific problem from a refer- Ethical veterinary practice dictates that members of the healthcare ring veterinarian to a receiving veterinarian. team be supervised by the attending veterinarian. The levels of supervi- The establishment of a valid Veterinarian-Client-Patient sion described are defined as follows: Relationship and the examination and diagnosis of the patient by 1. Immediate supervision: A licensed veterinarian is within direct the attending veterinarian prior to the delegation of any equine eyesight and hearing range during the performance of healthcare healthcare task to subordinate healthcare providers is prerequisite tasks. to ethical veterinary practice. The attending veterinarian is respon- 2. Direct supervision: A licensed veterinarian is physically present on sible for determining the professional competency of a healthcare the premises where animal healthcare tasks are to be performed provider before delegating equine healthcare tasks. and is readily available. The following outlines the appropriate roles of different healthcare 3. Indirect supervision: A licensed veterinarian is not physically providers within the scope of ethical professional veterinary practice: present on the premises where animal healthcare tasks are to be performed, but has given either written or oral instructions A. Licensed Veterinarians: The examination, diagnosis, prognosis, (“direct order”) for treatment of the animal patient and is able to treatment, and management of equine healthcare are to be perform the duties of a licensed veterinarian by maintaining direct provided and supervised by licensed veterinarians. communication. B. Credentialed Technicians: Licensed Veterinarians may delegate healthcare tasks that are not restricted to veterinarians, to Approved by AAEP board of directors in 2014. Licensed/Certified/Registered Veterinary Technicians (LVTs) who are under the employ and supervision of the Licensed Veterinarian. While some states allow LVTs to perform Contingency Fees “minor” dental and surgical procedures, the AAEP does not It is not ethical for a veterinarian to enter into agreements with clients support the delegation of any invasive procedures and pro- which provide that the fee to be charged for certain services will be con- cedures with significant risk of complication (e.g. castration, tingent upon a horse’s successful performance on the racetrack or in the dental extraction and advanced procedures, reproductive show ring. Such an agreement is unethical in that the veterinarian must examination). at all times render the ultimate in assistance to the patient and charge C. Uncredentialed Assistants: Licensed Veterinarians may del- a fee appropriate for the services rendered. The veterinarian’s fee is not egate ancillary healthcare tasks to Veterinary Assistants (not based on a subsequent event, but directly connected with the services registered, certified, or licensed) that are under the employ rendered. There are no guarantees in medicine, expressed or implied. and supervision of the Licensed Veterinarian. The Licensed A fee contingent upon the outcome of a race gives the veterinarian a Veterinarian may delegate direct supervision of a Veterinary vested interest in the horse, and the racing rules in many states preclude Assistant to a LVT. such practices. In other states where the rules do not exist, such vested D. Human Healthcare Professionals (HHP): Veterinarians occa- interest will be considered as a conflict of interest with the owners of all sionally confer with or have Licensed Human Healthcare other horses in the race. Professionals (MD, DC, DDS, etc.) perform procedures on This is not to be confused with attempted surgical repair or treatment their equine patients. While the collaboration between vet- of cases with poor prognosis if such efforts promise educational benefit, erinarians and HHPs advances healthcare standards, this and of cases that would have been destroyed for economic reasons. In collaboration is usually only appropriate between veterinary those cases, it is proper for a veterinarian to share efforts on a contin- and HHP specialists. The ethical indications for having HHPs gency basis with the client. perform procedures on veterinary patients are rare, and pro- Reviewed by AAEP board of directors in 2010. cedures performed by the HHP on veterinary patients should be performed under the Immediate Supervision of a Licensed Veterinarian. The attending veterinarian is responsible for Conflicts of Interest ensuring compliance with state law before soliciting HHP A conflict of interest, as it pertains to veterinary medicine, is a services. situation in which the veterinarian has competing professional or E. Unlicensed Allied Healthcare Providers (UAHP): (e.g., personal interests. Such competing interests can make it difficult for Veterinary Physical Therapist/Rehabilitator, Farrier, Hospice the veterinarian to fulfill his or her duties impartially. A conflict of Caregiver, etc.) While conferring with and inclusion of UAHPs interest can exist even if no unethical or improper act results from in an equine healthcare team may be appropriate in the treat- it; however, it can create an appearance of impropriety that can ment of some equine patients, the healthcare services provided undermine confidence in the person or profession. by the UAHP should be performed under the order and/or The AAEP suggests the following guidelines for its members: supervision of the Attending Veterinarian, who is responsible for reviewing the training of the UAHP before soliciting his/ 1. A veterinarian should strongly consider whether or not to her services. Ethical practice dictates that services beyond an render services to a client if in doing so the veterinarian’s attending veterinarian’s scope of professional training and independent professional judgment will be adversely affected competency be referred to an appropriately trained veterinar- by a personal, professional or financial relationship with ian who provides the required healthcare services. The AAEP either the client or a third party. does believe that, in certain situations, working with UAHPs 2. A veterinarian should strongly consider whether or not to render under the proper context and within the construct of a services to a client if the services to that client will be adversely Veterinarian-Client-Patient Relationship can lead to optimum affected by the veterinarian’s responsibilities to another client, a health care for the horse. third party or the veterinarian’s own interests. Approved by AAEP board of directors in 2014. Reviewed by AAEP board of directors in 2010.
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Position on Equine Dentistry 5. A concentrated solution of either potassium chloride (intra- venous) or magnesium sulfate (intravenous) with the horse in The practice of equine dentistry is an integral branch of profes- a surgical plane of general anesthesia sional equine veterinary practice. This discipline encompasses all 6. Alternative methods may be necessary in special circum- aspects of the evaluation, diagnosis, prognosis, treatment, and pre- stances under the discretion of the veterinarian. vention of any and all diseases, disorders, and conditions that affect The choice of euthanasia technique should take into consideration the teeth, oral cavity, mandible, maxillofacial area, and the adjacent local laws and regulations, the experience and training of the vet- and associated structures. Additionally, equine dentistry includes erinarian and the final disposition of the horse. In some jurisdictions the evaluation of the presentation and contribution of systemic dis- the use of pentobarbital may be discouraged due to the potential for eases within the oral cavity and the contribution of oral conditions environmental residues. to the overall health of the individual horse. Prior to euthanasia, clear determination of the insurance status of Any surgical procedure of the head or oral cavity; the admin- the horse should be made as an insurance policy constitutes a contract istration or prescription of sedatives, tranquilizers, analgesics or between the horse owner(s) and the insurance carrier. anesthetics; procedures which are invasive of the tissues of the oral cavity including, but not limited to, removal of sharp enamel Revised by AAEP board of directors in 2021. points, treatment of malocclusions of premolars, molars, and inci- sors, odontoplasty, the extraction of first premolars and deciduous premolars and incisors; extraction of damaged or diseased teeth; Guidelines for Equine Veterinary Case Referral treatment of diseased teeth via restorations or endodontic proce- dures; periodontal and orthodontic treatments; dental radiography Executive Summary and endoscopy of the oral cavity are veterinary dental procedures The Veterinary Oath obligates practicing veterinarians to use and should be performed by a licensed veterinarian. their knowledge and skills for the benefit of society and the preven- In states where the Veterinary Practice Act allows, the AAEP sup- tion of animal suffering. This is often best accomplished through ports the use of licensed veterinary technicians under the employ the coordinated efforts of multiple individuals working on behalf and immediate supervision of licensed veterinarians for specific of a single patient to provide the highest quality veterinary care and appropriate veterinary dental procedures as enumerated in that in a professional and collegial environment. This document was state’s practice act. developed through the collaborative efforts of the AAEP, American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine (ACVIM), American Revised by AAEP board of directors in 2019. College of Veterinary Surgeons (ACVS), American College of Theriogenologists (ACT), and American College of Veterinary Euthanasia Guidelines Emergency and Critical Care (ACVECC) with a goal of providing practical communication guidelines for individuals who collaborate In accordance with AVMA’s Guidelines for the Euthanasia of in equine patient care. Animals, the AAEP concurs that euthanasia is an acceptable humane procedure once all available alternatives have been explored with the client. In certain cases, euthanasia should be regarded as a responsible Definitions treatment option. The AAEP supports euthanasia when that choice is Referring Veterinarian: The veterinarian (or group of veterinarians) best for the horse and in accordance with the role of the veterinarian providing care at the time of the referral. as the animal’s advocate. Receiving Veterinarian: The veterinarian (or group of veterinarians) The AAEP recommends that the following guidelines be considered to whom a patient is referred. in evaluating the need for humane euthanasia of a horse. The attending Consultation: A communication between two or more veterinarians veterinarian is able to assist in making this determination, especially concerning the diagnosis and/or care of a patient. regarding the degree to which a horse is suffering. Guidelines are listed below to assist in making humane decisions regarding euthanasia of Referral: The transfer of responsibility for diagnosis and/or care horses. of a specific problem from a referring veterinarian to a receiving A horse should not have to endure the following: veterinarian. • Continuous or unmanageable pain from a condition that is Recognized Veterinary Specialist: A veterinarian who is certified chronic and incurable. by an AVMA-recognized veterinary specialty organization. Only • A medical condition or surgical procedure that has a poor those individuals who have completed all aspects of the specific prognosis for a good quality of life. training and testing required by a recognized veterinary specialty • Continuous analgesic medication and/or box stall confine- organization can describe or advertise themselves as a veterinary ment for the relief of pain for the rest of its life. specialist. These individuals are ethically bound to only advertise • An unmanageable medical or behavioral condition that ren- or claim expertise in their area of board certification. Veterinarians ders it a hazard to itself or its handlers. who have completed internships or residencies but have not fulfilled The following euthanasia techniques are deemed acceptable by all of the requirements of a specialty discipline (e.g. credentials properly trained personnel: and testing), may not call themselves veterinary specialists and the 1. Lethal dose of barbiturates (intravenous) terms “board eligible” or “board qualified” should not be used. 2. Gunshot to the brain (prior sedation should be considered The AVMA has stated that only veterinarians who have been certi- when possible) fied by an AVMA-recognized specialty organization should refer to 3. Penetrating captive bolt to the brain using an extended bolt themselves as specialists. designed for euthanasia (prior sedation should be considered Legal Owner/Client: The legal owner is the individual or syndicate of when possible) individuals who have legal ownership of the horse. The term “client” 4. Lidocaine hydrochloride 2% (intrathecal) with the horse in a refers to the agent with legal authority to make health care deci- surgical plane of general anesthesia
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sions for the horse at the time it is being examined and treated. This Conclusions individual may be the legal owner, trainer, caretaker, or other proxy. For all equine patients, effective communication between refer- ring and receiving veterinarians, clients, farm managers, trainers, It is in the best interests of individual horse health that veterinary and insurance agency representatives is essential to ensure optimal professionals work as a team to provide the highest quality of vet- patient care. Despite the best efforts of all involved, there will be erinary care possible in an environment of exceptional client service times when communication is less than optimal or when difficult and education. For this to happen, it is imperative that clear lines of information must be discussed. Referring and receiving veterinar- communication and responsibility be established between veterinar- ians are encouraged to seek training to develop communication ians, clients, and other interested parties. skills through any of a wide variety of excellent public and private resources. This type of training is especially beneficial for young Prior to Referral professionals at the beginning of their veterinary career. Prior to referral, it is the responsibility of the referring veterinarian to To see the full guidelines visit aaep.org/guidelines/ be aware of specialty referral resources in their geographic area, com- guidelines-equine-veterinary-case-referral. municate the option of referral to the client in a timely fashion, and contact the receiving veterinarian to discuss the patient. It is the respon- Approved by AAEP board of directors in 2014. sibility of the receiving veterinarian to provide appropriate preliminary visit information to the referring veterinarian and owner or agent of the horse. The referral process functions optimally if the owner or agent Equine Veterinary Compounding Guidelines communicates clearly their expectations for the horse and the limits The AAEP recognizes the importance of a sound relationship of costs that may be incurred. It is important that all parties provide a between the equine veterinarian and their pharmacist. Because of the clear and accurate medical history to the receiving veterinarian. Both valid role of pharmacy compounding in equine veterinary medicine, the referring and the receiving veterinarian should emphasize a team the AAEP Drug Compounding Task Force has compiled the follow- approach to patient care. ing guide to aid the veterinarian in making responsible decisions involving the use of compounded medications. During the Referral Visit Veterinarians must understand the differences between During the referral visit, the referring veterinarian transfers the the following: responsibility for health-care decisions to the receiving veterinarian I. FDA Pioneer Drug: A drug that has undergone the scrutiny of but remains accessible for communication. The receiving veterinar- blinded controlled studies to demonstrate safety and efficacy in ian should clearly explain all aspects of the examination, evalua- accordance with federally mandated Good Laboratory Procedures tion, diagnostic, and treatment procedures and options to the client. (GLP). The active ingredient and product were manufactured This process should emphasize support of the referring veterinarian under federally mandated Good Manufacturing Practices (GMP) to the fullest extent possible without a compromise of integrity. in federally inspected plants. Therapeutic consistency, product The receiving veterinarian should communicate with the refer- quality, accurate drug shelf life and scientifically substantiated ring veterinarian and client regularly about case progression and labeling are all federally mandated on these products. decisions. The receiving veterinarian should limit services to those II. Generic Drug: A generic drug is bioequivalent to a brand-name related to the problem for which the horse was referred. Additional drug in dosage form, efficacy, safety, strength, route of admin- services should be provided only when they are in the best interest istration, quality and intended use. Generic drug labels display an ANADA # or ANDA # signifying FDA approval of a generic of the patient and after consultation with the referring veterinarian. animal drug or human drug, respectively. Generic drugs and their All parties should work together to formulate a follow-up treat- active ingredients also must be manufactured under GMP in feder- ment and evaluation plan for the patient that can be implemented ally inspected plants. effectively and economically. It is the responsibility of the owner to III. Compounded Drug: Any drug manipulated to produce a dos- clearly determine and communicate who is legally and financially age form drug (other than that manipulation that is provided responsible for the horse and assure that this individual or their for in the directions for use on the labeling of the approved legal proxy is available for decision-making during the referral visit drug product). and at the time of patient discharge. The veterinarian must realize that the use of bulk drugs in prepa- ration of compounded medications is, under strict interpretation of After Referral the Federal Food Drug and Cosmetic Act, illegal because it results At the time of discharge of the patient from their care, the receiv- in the production of an unapproved new animal drug. Preparation, ing veterinarian should ensure that all relevant medical information sale, distribution and use of unapproved new animal drugs is in vio- and instructions for patient care are clearly communicated to the lation of the Act. The preparation of compounded medication from referring veterinarian. In most cases the referring veterinarian will bulk drugs may be permissible in medically necessary situations then resume responsibility as the attending clinician for the patient. when there is no approved product available or the needed com- That individual is responsible for agreed-upon follow-up care as pounded preparation cannot be made from an FDA-approved drug. described in discharge instructions. The receiving veterinarians Therefore legal compounding can only begin with FDA-approved should be informed of the results of follow-up evaluation and care. drugs in compliance with federal extra-label drug use regulations. It is the responsibility of the owner to comply with all discharge International AAEP members should adhere to the rules and regula- instructions to the best of their ability and to communicate in a tions set forth by the appropriate governmental regulatory bodies timely way with veterinarians if they are unable to comply with the that pertain to the country or province where they practice. instructions and to meet all financial obligations incurred with all Legal compounding requires a valid veterinarian-client-patient involved parties. relationship. The veterinarian should limit the use of compounded drugs to unique needs in specific patients and limit the use of com- pounded drugs to those uses for which a physiological response to
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therapy or systemic drug concentrations can be monitored, or those 2. Antimicrobials should be used only within the confines of for which no other method or route of drug delivery is practical. a valid veterinarian-client-patient relationship; this includes The prescribing veterinarian should remember that compounded both dispensing and prescriptions. drugs have not been evaluated by the FDA approval process for 3. Veterinarians should: safety, efficacy, stability, potency and consistency of manufacturing. a. Participate in continuing education programs that One should not assume compounded drugs are consistent from include topics on therapeutics and emerging and/or one batch to another, contain the stated amount of drug substance development of antimicrobial resistance. or the desired drug substance, or are safe and efficacious for the b. Determine when antimicrobials are indicated through intended use. laboratory assessment, clinical experience, physical Consider that veterinary compounding pharmacies currently examination, and relevant history. operate in a very dynamic regulatory situation and laws, regulations c. Consider clinical evidence of the identification of the and guidelines regarding veterinary compounding may vary widely pathogen(s) associated with the disease. Culture and from state to state. Ensure that the pharmacy you use is licensed in sensitivity should be performed when the identity of the state in which you practice. Proactively seek to educate yourself the organism or the antibiotic sensitivity pattern is unknown. on regulations concerning compounded medications. Be wary of d. Select antimicrobials that are appropriate for the target pharmacies using trademarked brands in the literature to promote organism and administered at a dosage and route that “look-alike” compounded products. Be wary of firms that appear are likely to achieve effective concentrations in the target to disregard federal, state and local laws, regulations and guidelines organ. concerning disposition of compounded drug products. Be aware that e. Make product choices and use regimens that are based compounding drugs to mimic licensed, FDA-approved drugs is illegal. on available laboratory and package insert information, Assuming there is an FDA-approved product that is in the appropri- additional data in the literature, and consideration of the ate dosage form that can be used for the specific patient indication, pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic aspects of the veterinarians cannot use compounded “look-alikes” as substitutes. antimicrobial drug; consult with a veterinary diagnostic The decision to use the products, in lieu of the FDA-approved microbiologist as appropriate. product, is illegal and potentially jeopardizes the patient and the f. Use products that have the narrowest spectrum of activ- veterinarian’s liability insurance. In the long term, this practice by ity and known efficacy in vivo and/or in vitro against the veterinarians discourages new product development by pharmaceuti- pathogen causing the disease. cal companies. g. Utilize antimicrobials at an appropriate dosage for the Veterinarians are encouraged to contact their state pharmacy condition treated for as short a period of time as reason- boards concerning the re-selling of compounded products. Some able. state pharmacy boards reportedly require compounded drugs to be h. Select antimicrobials of lesser importance for human dispensed at cost and some allow regular mark up. medicine whenever possible. The prescribing veterinarian should consider the legal, ethical and i. Avoid selection of antimicrobials based primarily on clinical ramifications when making recommendations concerning the convenience of use. use of compounded medications for their patients. They should pro- j. Utilize antimicrobials on an extra-label basis only within vide information about the benefits and risks of compounded drugs the provisions contained within AMDUCA regulations. as it is important to an owner’s decisions about therapy. They should These regulations can be found at https://www.fda.gov/ understand the concept of “Standard of Care.” One acts below the animal-veterinary/acts-rules-regulations/animal- medicinal-drug-use-clarification-act-1994-amduca standard of care when he/she fails to exercise the level of care, skill, k. Avoid using combination antimicrobial therapy unless diligence and treatment that is recognized as the standard of accept- there is evidence for either an increase in efficacy or able and prevailing veterinary medicine. suppression of resistance development for the target The prescribing veterinarian should understand that his/her professional liability policy may or may not respond to allegations organism. of negligence arising from the use of compounded drugs. l. Protect product integrity through proper handling, stor- Veterinarians insured with the AVMA-PLIT may review comments age, and observation of the expiration date. at www.avmaplit.com. m. Follow appropriate disposal recommendations; do not Do not miss the opportunity to form a relationship with a pharma- discard antimicrobials via landfill or sewage routes. cist experienced in compounding who, when medical necessity exists n. When appropriate and feasible, use local therapy prefer- for a specific patient, can produce the best possible compounded entially over systemic therapy. product and discuss related product expectations. o. Consider use of effective and practical non-antimicro- bial treatment alternatives (excellent wound hygiene, Reviewed by AAEP board of directors in 2010. antiseptic wound dressings, etc.). 4. Veterinarians should endeavor to ensure proper on-farm antimicrobial drug use. Judicious Use of Antimicrobials a. Prescription or dispensed drug quantities should be The promotion of the health and welfare of equines and their own- limited such that stockpiling of antimicrobials on the ers is the primary goal of members of the AAEP. Antimicrobials are farm is avoided. a necessary tool to manage infectious diseases in equids, but adverse effects of antimicrobials and increasing development of multi-drug The American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine has resistant organisms require the use of antimicrobials to be sparing developed a very detailed and extensive consensus statement and carefully considered. The following are general guidelines for the for antimicrobial drug use in veterinary medicine. To view this prudent therapeutic use of antimicrobials in equids: document visit https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/ jvim.12562 1. The equine veterinarian’s primary responsibility is to provide clients with the best information and care regarding the pre- Approved by AAEP board of directors in 2020. vention and treatment of equid disease.
34 AAEP ETHICAL AND PROFESSIONAL GUIDELINES
Policy for Membership Denial Complaint: a grievance filed against a Member pursuant to Article 2, and Disciplinary Procedures Section 2.3 or 2.4. Complainant: a person who has made a Complaint against a Member Note: When consulting the Policy for Membership Denial and pursuant to the procedures set forth herein. Disciplinary Procedures, AAEP recommends you do so online at Committee: the Professional Conduct and Ethics Committee. aaep.org/ethics/policy-membership-denial so you are accessing the Disciplinary Action: action taken by the Professional Conduct and most current version. Ethics Committee against a member of the Association in response to a Complaint. It includes any recommendations affecting membership. The procedures established in these Rules shall govern proceed- ings concerning membership in the Association conducted by the Executive Director: the Executive Director of the Association. Professional Conduct and Ethics Committee or any other body des- Hearing: a meeting conducted by the Professional Conduct and Ethics ignated by the Board of Directors. The procedures set forth in these Committee in which dismissal, Disciplinary Action and/or cancellation Rules are subordinate to the Articles of Incorporation and Bylaws of of membership may result, as defined in Article 4. the AAEP. In the event of any conflict between these Rules and the Members: the members of the Association. provisions of the Articles of Incorporation or the Bylaws, the latter Officers: the Officers of the Association, except the Executive Director, shall prevail. as outlined in Article IV of the Articles of Incorporation. Party: the Complainant or Respondent in a disciplinary proceeding PREAMBLE referred to herein. Professional ethics embodies the behaviors of honesty, integrity Petitioner: an Applicant or Respondent requesting a rehearing. and kindness while obeying rules and regulations set forth with Regulatory Action: fines, probation, suspension or revocation taken mutual respect for opinion and preservation of dignity in interper- against a veterinary or race track license by a regulatory agency; or for- sonal relationships. The conduct should be in a manner that will mal disciplinary action taken by organizations governing horse shows, enhance the worthiness of the profession. The ethical practice of sales and equine events and breed registries in relation to the practice medicine includes those remedies and treatments that have, as their of veterinary medicine. short or long-term goal, the health and welfare of the horse. All Respondent: a Member against whom a Complaint has been made. members of the American Association of Equine Practitioners are Revocation: Revocation of AAEP membership is defined as an imme- expected to comply with (a) the Code of Ethics of the American diate action to terminate AAEP membership, which cannot thereafter Veterinary Medical Association (or counterpart in foreign coun- be renewed or restored, but only replaced upon application for new tries); (b) the AAEP’s Ethical and Professional Guidelines, Bylaws membership. and procedures of their enforcement; (c) the Code of Ethics of the veterinary medical association of the state or province in which Suspension: Suspension is a temporary withdrawal of a person’s AAEP licensed; (d) all rules and regulations of racing applicable at race membership for a specified period of time and often contingent upon tracks where practicing; (e) rules of organizations governing horse other conditions being met before membership is restored. shows, sales, equine events and the rules of all breed registries in relation to veterinary practices; and (f) all other laws of the land. ARTICLE 2 Members and veterinarians should be honest and fair in their rela- INITIATION AND FILING OF ACTIONS tions with others, and they should not engage in fraud, misrepre- sentation or deceit. Violation of any of the foregoing may constitute Section 2.1: The Executive Director, on behalf of the Association, may cause for revocation or denial of membership in the AAEP. There initiate an Application Review by the Committee of any Applicant is a process for members to file complaints against other members. for new membership or for renewal of AAEP membership who has Each case involving an AAEP member is reviewed by the AAEP failed to report Regulatory Action as set forth in the Bylaws Article IV Professional Conduct and Ethics Committee; in its discretion, the Section 3(b)(1) through 3(b)(3) and Article IV Section 3(b)(4) through committee may make recommendations to the parties involved, up 3(b)(6). to, and including, disciplinary action. Section 2.2: In addition to initiating an Application Review pursuant to Section 2.1, the Executive Director, on behalf of the Association, ARTICLE 1 may initiate a complaint against any active member, pursuant to the DEFINITIONS grounds set forth in the Bylaws Article IV Section 3(b)(i) through 3(b) (vii). Section 1: As used herein, these terms shall have the following meaning: Section 2.3: Any Member in good standing may file a Complaint Action: either or both of an Application Review or the evaluation of a against any Member. The Complaint must be: (a) in writing and Complaint by the Committee. name the Respondent, (b) dated and signed by the Complainant, (c) Applicant: a person who has completed and filed a new or renewal addressed to the Executive Director, and (d) contain ground(s) for the application for membership in the American Association of Equine Complaint as set forth in the Bylaws Article IV Section 3(b)(i) through Practitioners. 3(b)(vii). As stated in the preamble, the committee, in its discretion, Application Review: a review by the Committee of an application for may make recommendations to the parties involved up to, and includ- membership in the Association. ing, disciplinary action. Association: the American Association of Equine Practitioners. Section 2.4: The initiation of any Action must be set forth to the Board: the Board of Directors of the Association, minus the Officers. Committee in writing and include the name of the Applicant or Bylaws: the Bylaws of the American Association of Equine Practitioners. Complainant, as the case may be, and the circumstances giving rise to Chairman: the Chairman of the Professional Conduct and Ethics the initiation of the Action. The Executive Director, on behalf of the Committee. Association, or the Complainant, as the case may be, must be prepared
2021 Leadership Resource Guide 35 ETHICAL AND PROFESSIONAL GUIDELINES
to substantiate the grounds for pursuing the Action with sworn state- action from the Professional Conduct and Ethics Committee. ments, witnesses or other evidence. However, no applicant or member shall be deprived of mem- Section 2.5: Suspension or revocation of AAEP membership is allowed bership without first being granted the opportunity to appeal in certain circumstances, as set forth below. the decision of the board of directors to the officers. Failure to appear before the officers at the time and place appointed ARTICLE 3 by the officers will cause forfeiture of the right to appeal. Any decision taken by the officers shall be the final action that the PROCEDURES FOR EVALUATING AND association will take on this matter. PROVIDING NOTICE OF ACTIONS b) Examples of circumstances, which may constitute grounds Section 3.1: An Applicant or Respondent in any Action shall receive a for denial, cancellation of membership or disciplinary action notice of the Action. This notice shall contain a copy of the materials include, but are not limited to: i) Failure to report action giving rise to the Action, including the grounds on which it is based, taken against the applicant’s/member’s veterinary or race and a statement to the Applicant or Respondent, as the case may be, track license by a regulatory agency or racing association on that he or she has the right to file two copies of a written response the American Association of Equine Practitioner’s membership with the Executive Director within 30 days of the date of the notice. application/renewal form; ii) Action against an applicant’s/ The notice shall inform the Applicant or Respondent, as the case may member’s veterinary or race track license by a regulatory agen- be, that communication regarding the matter with members of the cy or racing association in the form of fines, probation, suspen- Committee or members of the Board of Directors is prohibited with sion or revocation; iii) Failure to report action taken against the exception of the Executive Director and the Committee Chair as the applicant/member by organizations governing horse shows, provided for in Article 7, Section 7.3 below. The notice shall also state sales, equine events and breed registries in relation to the prac- that if Applicant or Respondent does not file a response, the charges tice of veterinary medicine on the American Association of may be taken as true by default. A response filed without objection Equine Practitioners membership application/renewal form; iv) by an Applicant or Respondent, as the case may be, shall constitute a Action taken by organizations governing horse shows, sales, waiver of any defect in the notice. equine events and breed registries in relation to the practice of veterinary medicine; v) Acts of fraud, misrepresentation, Section 3.2: The Executive Director or his designee may pursue such deceit or animal cruelty; vi) Violations of the Ethical and investigation into the facts underlying the Action as may be reasonably Professional Guidelines of the association as recommended by necessary for the Committee to consider the merits and validity of the the Professional Conduct and Ethics Committee based on an grounds for the Action. application review or a complaint submitted by either another Section 3.3: If a Respondent files a response to a Complaint, member in good standing or by the Executive Director; vii) the Executive Director shall deliver copies of the response to the Any other reason that the Professional Conduct and Ethics Complainant. Committee believes, in its discretion, warrants denial or cancel- Section 3.4: After receipt of the response to a notice, or after no lation of membership or other disciplinary action. response is received within the time period prescribed, the Chairman shall submit the facts concerning the Action, including any response or ARTICLE 4 additional instruments and information, to the Committee for review. HEARINGS, REVOCATIONS, AND Section 3.5: The Committee shall consider in its evaluation: (a) the rel- evancy of the charges as they apply to the objectives of the Association SUSPENSIONS (Article II of the Articles of Incorporation); (b) the severity of the Section 4.1: Any Applicant or Respondent, as the case may be, which charges; (c) any evidence of rehabilitation; and (d) any other evidence the Committee has referred for a Hearing, shall receive a written notice or factors the Committee, in its discretion, deems relevant. of the Hearing. Section 3.6: In the case of an Action concerning an Application Review, Section 4.2: Notice of any Hearing shall designate the date, time and within 60 days of receipt of the Applicant’s response, or upon the end place of the Hearing. No Hearing shall be set for a date and time, of the 30-day period set forth in Section 3.1 above if the Committee which does not permit at least 60-days notice, unless agreed to by all does not grant an extension, the Committee shall, by a majority vote, Parties. decide to either accept or deny the application for new membership Section 4.3: Any notice of a Hearing shall provide that the Applicant, or renewal of membership or refer it for a Hearing. In the case of an Complainant and/or Respondent, as the case may be, shall have the Action concerning a Complaint against a Member, within 60 days of rights set forth in Section 4.8(a) through 4.8(d). receiving the Respondent’s response, or upon the end of the 30-day period set forth in Section 3.1 above, if the Committee does not grant Section 4.4: Notice of any Hearing shall include the names of the mem- an extension, the Committee shall, by majority vote, decide whether to bers of the Committee and the Board of Directors of the Association dismiss the Complaint, take additional evidence, refer it for a Hearing, and a prohibition against communication regarding the matter with present the Respondent with a written proposal of findings in lieu of a members of the Committee or members of the Board of Directors with Hearing, censure the Respondent or recommend Disciplinary Action. the exception of the Executive Director and the Committee Chair as Section 3.7: Grounds for Revocation. provided for in Article 7, Section 7.3 below. The following shall serve as grounds for revocation of AAEP member- Section 4.5: The Applicant or Parties, as the case may be, shall notify ship: the Executive Director within 30 days from the date the notice of a) Any applicant or member may be subject to denial of member- Hearing was sent (a) whether they will attend the Hearing; (b) which ship, cancellation of membership or disciplinary action upon of the rights set forth in Section 4.8(a) to 4.8(d) they intend to exercise a two-thirds majority vote of the board of directors, exclud- during the Hearing, and (c) whether a transcript of the Hearing will be ing the officers, pursuant to a recommendation to take such requested, pursuant to Article 7 Section 7.1.
36 AAEP ETHICAL AND PROFESSIONAL GUIDELINES
Section 4.6: An appearance at a Hearing without objection by a Party racing commission, or competition organization based on informa- shall constitute a waiver of any defect in the notice of that Hearing. tion available in the public domain that has resulted in a suspension, Section 4.7: The Applicant or Respondent, as the case may be, may but does not rise to the level of a felony or revocation of a veterinary seek a continuance of a scheduled Hearing by submitting a written license, and after all remedies for appeal have been exhausted, a let- request to the Committee. The Committee, in its discretion, may grant ter from the executive director shall be issued, giving the member requests for continuances. In the event the Applicant, Parties or wit- 30 days to respond to the inquiry. The Committee shall review the nesses fail to appear at a duly designated Hearing without obtaining a response and determine whether or not a hearing is necessary in order continuance, the Committee may proceed with the Hearing and reach for the committee to gather more information. If the member does its decision based on the evidence made available at the Hearing, on not respond or does not respond within the specified time frame, the any written materials and other evidence previously submitted to the committee may make a recommendation to the Board for disciplinary Committee. action based on the information they have at hand. If an infraction for which a veterinarian is sanctioned is a monetary fine of $2,500 or Section 4.8: At any Hearing before the Committee, the Applicant or greater, or they are given any suspension time, a letter of inquiry will Parties, as the case may be, have the right to the following: be sent by the executive director requesting a response to the infraction. (a) to have legal counsel present; If a fine is less than $2,500, no action by the AAEP or Professional (b) to present any witnesses; Conduct and Ethics Committee is required. (c) to submit any evidence pertinent to the case; and Section 4.17: Most hearings occur at the Annual Convention; however, it is the wish of the Committee to address these issues with as much (d) to cross-examine witnesses of others. expediency as possible; therefore, the Committee may conduct a mid- The Committee may also have legal counsel present to advise it. year hearing (May 1-Sept 1), if needed, and upon approval by the Section 4.9: Upon written request of a party or of the Committee, there Board of Directors. It is always preferrable that hearings be attended shall be furnished before a Hearing a summary of any evidence antici- in person; however, if there are mitigating circumstances, hearings may pated to be introduced at a Hearing, the names of any persons giving be conducted by conference call or webcam at the discretion of the testimony and a summary of their expected testimony. Committee and the Board of Directors. Hearings require a quorum of Section 4.10: The Chairman or his designee shall swear in, at the the Committee to be present, defined by a minimum of five members Committee’s discretion, any person giving oral testimony. of the Committee and approved by a majority of the full Committee. Ideally, Committee members will participate in mid-year hearings on a Section 4.11: Before permitting testimony relating to the character or rotating basis, with no member required to serve more than one mid- general reputation of anyone, the Committee shall satisfy itself that the year hearing during their term on the Committee. testimony has a direct bearing on the case at issue. Section 4.12: Hearings by the Committee need not be conducted pur- ARTICLE 5 suant to the rules of evidence employed in formal court proceedings. DECISION OF PROFESSIONAL CONDUCT The Committee may accept any evidence it deems appropriate. AND ETHICS COMMITTEE Section 4.13: In respect of any Hearing, any Applicant or Party, as the case may be, may file with the Chairman a written request to prevent Section 5.1: After all investigations, fact-finding procedures and/or a member of the Committee from participating in the Hearing. Such Hearings deemed necessary by the Committee are concluded, no less request must be filed at least 14 days before the Hearing is to be held than a quorum of members of the Committee shall participate in the and must state the grounds cited for disqualification. Disqualification review of the Action and shall recommend action. will prohibit the Committee member from participating in any discus- Section 5.2: The Committee shall vote only to recommend acceptance sions, voting or being present during any Hearing on the Action, unless or denial of membership concerning an Application Review. presenting testimony as a witness. If the Committee determines that, Section 5.3: Concerning a Respondent in a Complaint, the Committee in its judgment, the member of the Committee should be disqualified, shall make one of the following recommendations: it is empowered to do so. In addition, the Committee may disqualify (a) to dismiss the Complaint, any member of the Committee from participating in a Hearing who it determines might not render an impartial decision. The Committee (b) revoke or suspend the Respondent’s membership, or shall have the sole discretion to determine whether any member should (c) to take any other Disciplinary Action deemed appropriate by be disqualified. the Committee. Section 4.14: If the disqualification of a member of the Committee In determining its recommendation, the Committee may take into prevents the Committee from having sufficient numbers to conduct account previous offenses, which may have affected the Respondent a Hearing under Section 4.7 above, the Chairman shall appoint a in the past. Any decisions by the Committee must be reached by a member of the Association to serve as a temporary member of the majority vote. Committee for the purpose of conducting the Hearing. Section 5.4: The decision of the Committee shall be in writing and set Section 4.15: When the AAEP is made aware of an action meriting forth the findings of fact and a statement of the action recommended. grounds for revocation of an individual’s AAEP membership, pursuant The decision of the Committee shall be filed with the Chairman, who to Section 3.7, a letter from the executive director shall be sent to the shall submit the Committee’s recommendation to the Board for action AAEP member, giving that member 30 days to respond, in case there as prescribed in the Bylaws Article IV Section 3(a). has been a factual error. The committee shall review the response, may Section 5.5: The Board shall vote on the Committee’s recommendation conduct a hearing or may recommend immediate suspension or revo- within 90 days. The decision of the Board to deny, revoke, or suspend cation of membership, at their discretion, to the Board of Directors. membership shall require a two-thirds majority. Section 4.16: When the Ethics Committee becomes aware of a substan- Section 5.6: Upon action by the Board, the Executive Director shall tiated suspension, published notice, or notice by a breed association, transmit the results to the Applicant or Parties within 30 days.
2021 Leadership Resource Guide 37 Section 5.7: The Committee has the authority to accept an application Section 6.10: Any decision of the Officers is final. In the event the or dismiss a complaint without a board vote. decision of the Officers is challenged in a court of law, the Officers’ decision is to be given great deference and shall not be reversed absent ARTICLE 6 a finding that such decision was arbitrary and capricious. REHEARINGS OR APPEALS Section 6.11: As it relates to an appeals process, the record of any Hearing conducted pursuant to Article 4 is defined as the transcript Section 6.1: Any Applicant or Respondent which was previously and/or any evidence introduced during that Hearing. granted a hearing pursuant to Section 4 may, within 30 days of the Section 6.12: Reinstatement of a suspended or revoked AAEP member- date of notification of the Board’s decision, petition the Committee ship requires a petition for reinstatement, and, at the discretion of the for a rehearing solely on the grounds of newly discovered evidence Committee, may require a hearing before the Professional Conduct in which the Applicant or Respondent seeking the rehearing, in the and Ethics Committee. Reinstatement of AAEP membership is not exercise of reasonable diligence, could not have discovered and pro- allowed until the individual has satisfied the terms of the action which duced at the original Hearing. The petition must be filed in writing prompted the AAEP suspension/revocation. with the Executive Director and the Executive Director shall deliver copies of the petition to each Party with notice that a written response Section 6.13: AAEP membership shall be automatically reinstated if may be filed with the Executive Director within 30 days of the notice. any conviction, judgment or revocation is set aside upon final appeal No more than one petition for rehearing may be filed by an Applicant in any court of competent jurisdiction. or Respondent in a case. Section 6.2: A petition for rehearing shall be considered by the ARTICLE 7 Committee at its next meeting. A decision to grant a petition for GENERAL PROVISIONS rehearing requires a majority vote of the Committee. The Executive Section 7.1: In any proceeding, a transcript may be made of the pro- Director shall immediately inform the Applicant or Parties, as the ceeding at the request of the Committee or any party to the proceeding. case may be, upon receipt of the Committee’s decision. In the event a Costs associated with producing the transcript shall be borne by the rehearing is granted, the Petitioner will be given the opportunity for a party or parties making the request. new Hearing to be conducted as set forth in Article 4 above. Section 7.2: Any notice required to be given or paper required to be Section 6.3: In matters not involving an initial hearing pursuant to filed may be given or filed in any manner, whether by personal service, Section 4, within 30 days of the date of notification of the Board’s via facsimile or by registered mail addressed to recipient’s last known decision, the Applicant or Respondent may submit to the Executive mailing address; if mailed, notice shall be deemed given on the date the Director a written request for an appeal to the Officers, including rea- correspondence was mailed. sons for appeal, pursuant to Section 6.6 below. Section 7.3: All communications regarding an Action and any Section 6.4: Any appeals should be heard at the next scheduled meeting Hearing held thereon shall be directed to the Executive Director or of the Officers unless such meeting is within 30 days of the Applicant the Executive Director’s designee. The Chairman or designee shall or Respondent’s request for an appeal, in which case the appeal shall preside over any Hearing before the Committee and shall render any be heard at the next meeting of the Officers. assistance to the parties that the Committee deems appropriate, which Section 6.5: Only those Officers who have not previously reviewed the may include furnishing required forms and papers, receiving and filing application/Complaint as a member of the Professional Conduct and all documents or other papers and receiving all fees and disbursing all Ethics Committee may participate in the appeal. The President shall money that may be payable to the Association. serve as Chair of the proceedings. Section 7.4: All facts and materials associated with a given Action will Section 6.6: Any Party to an appeal may file with the Chair a writ- be treated by the Committee as confidential to the greatest extent prac- ten request to prevent an Officer from participating in the appeal. ticable. The Committee reserves the right to use the general premise of Such request must be filed at least 14 days before the appeal is to the case as an educational tool for the membership in, but not limited be considered and must state the grounds cited for disqualification. to, the Association’s publications so long as the parties are not specifi- Disqualification will prohibit the Officer from participating in any cally named and the particulars of the case are presented in a general discussions, voting or being present during any consideration of fashion. Following the review of an Action by the Committee and, as the appeal, unless presenting testimony as a witness. If the Officers appropriate, the review of an appeal by the Officers, each member determine that, in their judgment, the Officer should be disqualified, of the Committee and Officers, as the case may be, will return to the it is empowered to do so. In addition, the Officers may disqualify any Executive Director all materials in his or her possession pertaining to Officer from participating in a Hearing who they determine might not the Action. render an impartial decision. The Officers shall have the sole discretion Section 7.5: All applications, Complaints, responses, records or evi- to determine whether any member should be disqualified. dence may be maintained by the Association and may be utilized by Section 6.7: The Officers may only review the record pertaining to the the Executive Director in all proceedings pertaining to any subsequent Board’s decision to consider whether that decision was inappropriate applications or Complaints. because of (1) material errors of fact or (2) failure to conform to pub- Section 7.6: All interpretations of these rules shall be made in accor- lished criteria, policies or procedures. dance with the laws of the Commonwealth of Kentucky. Section 6.8: The Officers shall, by a majority vote, decide either to Section 7.7: Any dispute regarding these rules, or any action take here- accept or reject the decision of the Board. under by the Committee, the Executive Director, the Officers, or any Section 6.9: The Officers shall conduct and complete its review and other person, party or entity shall be subject to the exclusive jurisdic- render a final determination within 180 days after receipt of the request tion of the courts of Fayette County, Kentucky. for an appeal. The Executive Director or his designee shall mail the Officers’ determination to the Applicant or Respondent. Revised by AAEP board of directors in 2020.
38 AAEP ARTICLES OF INCORPORATION AND BYLAWS
American Association of Equine Practitioners ARTICLES OF INCORPORATION AND BYLAWS
ARTICLE I – TITLE ARTICLE VI – STANDING AND AD HOC Section 1 COMMITTEES AND WORKING GROUPS This association shall be known as the American Association of Standing and ad hoc committees, and other working groups, may Equine Practitioners. It is incorporated under the laws of the General be established by resolutions of the board of directors. The duties, Not-for-Profit Corporation Act of the State of Illinois. membership and duration of each committee shall be set forth in said resolution. Section 2 This association shall forever remain a not-for-profit organization in fact, and its officers shall comply with the laws of the State in which the ARTICLE VII – MEETINGS association is incorporated. Regular or annual meetings of the association shall be held as described in the bylaws. ARTICLE II – OBJECTS The objectives of this association shall be to improve the health and ARTICLE VIII – AMENDMENTS welfare of the horse, to further the professional development of its These Articles of Incorporation can be amended only by a majority members, and to provide resource and leadership for the benefit of the vote of the voting members present at a meeting of the association, equine industry. provided the proposed amendment has been submitted to the board of directors and presented in writing to the membership at least sixty ARTICLE III – MEMBERSHIP days prior to the meeting. Section 1 Active membership in the association shall be open to all veterinar- ians who are graduates of a college or school of veterinary medicine or BYLAWS licensed in good standing to practice veterinary medicine. Section 2 ARTICLE I – ELECTION OF OFFICERS Other categories of membership may be established by the board Section 1 of directors as set forth in the bylaws. Eligibility: Only active members of the association who have com- pleted a term on the board of directors are eligible to hold office. ARTICLE IV – OFFICERS Section 2 Section 1 The Nominating Committee will prepare and present a slate of one The officers of this association shall be a President, a President- or more nominees for the offices of Vice President and Treasurer for elect, a Vice President, a Treasurer, an Immediate Past President and the board of directors at a meeting of the board of directors. an Executive Director. The officers shall serve as voting members of the board of directors, with the exception of the Executive Director Section 3 who serves as a non-voting officer. Election of Officers: The Vice President and Treasurer will be elected by majority vote of the board of directors. If two or more Section 2 nominations are made and no candidate receives a majority of the The method of election, duties and tenure of office shall be defined votes cast on the first ballot, the two candidates receiving the greatest in the bylaws. number of votes will be balloted upon again. Once elected, the Vice President automatically assumes, in order, the office of President- ARTICLE V – BOARD OF DIRECTORS elect, President and Immediate Past President in subsequent years at the time of annual elections. Section 1 The board of directors shall conduct the business of the associa- Section 4 tion, shall have charge of its property and financial affairs, including Tenure: Terms of office shall begin at the close of the annual meet- publications, and shall perform such other duties as prescribed by ing and shall continue until the close of the next annual meeting or the bylaws. until successors to the offices have been duly elected and installed. The term of office for the Treasurer will be three years. Section 2 The membership of the board of directors, the method of selection or appointment, duties and tenure of office shall be defined in the bylaws.
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ARTICLE II – DUTIES OF OFFICERS ness meetings of the general membership and all meetings of the board of directors. Section 1 The duties of the President shall be: (e) To serve as Assistant Treasurer of the board of directors, ex- officio member of the Finance and Audit Committee and to (a) To preside at regular and special meetings of the association. be responsible for the financial records of the Association and (b) To coordinate and supervise activities of the association, for all receipts and disbursements. All vouchers and invoices including liaisons. accompanying them will be maintained for not less than a (c) To administer responsibility for the balloting at the regular period of five years. elections. (f) To execute the financial policies of the association, as defined Section 2 by the board of directors, with the concurrence of the The duties of the President-elect shall be: Treasurer and Finance and Audit Committee, including depos- it of all monies in the name of the association in an institution (a) To preside at regular and special meetings of the association in approved by the board of directors. the absence of the President. (g) To be responsible for the implementation of public and profes- (b) To serve as chair of the scientific and educational programs for sional relations. the annual convention. (h) To keep the Corporate Seal, and to execute those documents (c) To assume the duties of the office of President in the event that requiring the signature of the corporate secretary. the President is incapable of performing these duties or the Section 6 office is vacated. The duties of the Immediate Past President shall be: Section 3 (a) To assist the incoming President in transition into that office. The duties of the Vice President shall be: (b) To serve as chairman of the President’s Advisory Council. (a) To assist the President-elect in all duties as requested. (b) To assume the duties of the office of President-elect in the ARTICLE III – BOARD OF DIRECTORS event that the President-elect is incapable of performing these duties or the office is vacated. Section 1 Before the 2013 Annual Meeting, the number of directors shall Section 4 be eighteen (18) five of whom shall be officers (except the executive The duties of the Treasurer shall be: director) and thirteen (13) at-large. After the 2013 Annual Meeting (a) To act as custodian of all the assets of the association. and prior to the 2014 Annual Meeting, the number of directors of (b) To hold the Executive Director responsible for: the association shall be sixteen (16), five of whom shall be the offi- cers (except the executive director) and eleven (11) at-large. After the i) disbursing monies from the general fund; 2014 Annual Meeting, the number of directors of the association ii) paying all expenses of the association subject to the direc- shall be fourteen (14), five of whom shall be the officers (except the tion of the board of directors; executive director) and nine at-large. After the 2015 Annual Meeting, iii) maintaining a file of all vouchers and invoices accompany- the number of directors of the association shall be twelve (12), five of ing them for a period of not less than five years; whom shall be the officers (except the executive director) and seven iv) depositing all monies in the name of the association in an at-large. None of the terms of the directors elected to serve through institution approved by the board of directors. 2015 shall be shortened by the amendment to this bylaw. The direc- tors elected to represent Districts prior to the 2014 Annual Meeting (c) To invest reserve funds in accordance with policy established shall be considered at-large directors. No elections shall be held for by the board of directors. at-large directors until 2013. (d) To turn over all funds, properties under his custodianship and The terms of the at-large directors shall be staggered such that records to a successor. approximately one-third of the at-large directors shall come up for (e) To make a detailed report of the financial status of the associa- election each year. For the avoidance of doubt, (1) two at-large direc- tion at each scheduled meeting of the board of directors, and tors shall come up for election in 2013, (3) three at-large directors at such other times as the board of directors may request. shall come up for election in 2014 and (2) two at-large directors shall (f) To serve as chair of the Finance and Audit Committee. come up for election in 2015. Unless an at-large director resigns, each at-large director shall serve for a term of three (3) years and until the Section 5 director’s successor has been elected and qualified. The at-large direc- The Executive Director shall be the chief administrative officer of tors are to be elected by the active members of the association, either the association. The duties shall be: by mail or electronic ballot, following preparation of a candidate (a) To act as custodian of the records of the association, including slate by the Nominating Committee, in accordance with the schedule membership records. set forth above. In the event of a tie in an at-large director election, (b) To preside at regular and special meetings of the association in the Nominating Committee will present a slate of two candidates, the absence of the President, President-elect and Vice President. or more if required, to the board within 30 days after the balloting deadline and the sitting directors will elect the at-large director. (c) To conduct the correspondence of the Association and notify Should a vacancy occur on the board of directors before comple- members of all meetings. tion of a term, for any reason, the board of directors shall instruct the (d) To serve as Secretary of the board of directors and to be Nominating Committee to propose two replacement directors, from responsible for recording and certifying the minutes of all busi- which the board of directors will elect one to fulfill the unexpired
40 AAEP ARTICLES OF INCORPORATION AND BYLAWS
term. Under these circumstances, this special election can occur at Section 2 any regular or special meeting of the board of directors. Dues and Voting: The board of directors shall establish dues for each category of Section 2 membership and may grant reductions or exemptions from payment The officers who are also board members are elected as set forth of dues under special circumstances. The Executive Director shall in Article I. The terms of officers on the board of directors shall be mail a dues notice to each dues paying member. Dues in arrears more coincident with their terms as officers. than three months shall cause cancellation of membership. Only Section 3 active members shall have the privilege of voting. Duties: Section 3 (a) The board of directors is the governing body that establishes Disciplinary Proceedings: direction, sets policy and provides leadership oversight. The (a) Any applicant or member may be subject to denial of member- property, affairs and fiduciary health of the association shall ship, cancellation of membership or disciplinary action upon a be managed and controlled by the board of directors. two-thirds majority vote of the board of directors, excluding the (b) The board of directors may conduct meetings in person, via officers, pursuant to a recommendation to take such action from telephone, or electronic communication, whichever the board the Professional Conduct and Ethics Committee. However, no of directors in its discretion deems is most appropriate, pro- applicant or member shall be deprived of membership without vided all members of the board of directors have the required first being granted the opportunity to appeal the decision of access. the board of directors to the officers. Failure to appear before (c) The board of directors shall ensure that the association has a the officers at the time and place appointed by the officers will viable strategic plan, monitor its implementation and ensure cause forfeiture of the right to appeal. Any decision taken by the that expenditures support the association’s strategic objectives officers shall be the final action that the association will take on and missions. this matter. (d) The board of directors shall provide direction, empowerment (b) Examples of circumstances, which may constitute grounds for and oversight to association staff and volunteer committees. denial, cancellation of membership or disciplinary action include, but are not limited to: Section 4 Compensation and Liability: i) Failure to report action taken against the applicant’s/mem- Members of the board of directors shall not receive compensation ber’s veterinary or race track license by a regulatory agency for their services but may be reimbursed for travel and other expenses or racing association on the American Association of Equine Practitioner’s membership application/renewal form; incurred in transacting association business. The association may, by resolution of the board of directors, provide for indemnifica- ii) Action against an applicant’s/member’s veterinary or race tion by the association or any and all of its directors or officers or track license by a regulatory agency or racing association in former directors or officers against expenses actually and necessarily the form of fines, probation, suspension or revocation; incurred by them in connection with the defense of any action, suit iii) Failure to report action taken against the applicant/mem- or proceedings in which they or any of them are made parties, by ber by organizations governing horse shows, sales, equine reason of having been directors or officers of the association, except events and breed registries in relation to the practice of in relation to matters as to which such director or officer or former veterinary medicine on the American Association of Equine director or officer shall be adjudged in such action, suit or proceed- Practitioners membership application/renewal form; ings to be liable for negligence or misconduct in the performance of duty and to such matters as shall be settled by agreement predicated iv) Action taken by organizations governing horse shows, sales, on the existence of such liability. equine events and breed registries in relation to the practice of veterinary medicine; ARTICLE IV – MEMBERSHIP v) Acts of fraud, misrepresentation, deceit or animal cruelty; Section 1 vi) Violations of the Ethical and Professional Guidelines of the Membership Categories association as recommended by the Professional Conduct These categories of membership in the association are established: and Ethics Committee based on an application review or A. Active Members: a complaint submitted by either another member in good standing or by the Executive Director; (a) Regular Member: A graduate from a college or school of veterinary medicine or licensed in good standing to practice vii) Any other reason that the Professional Conduct and Ethics veterinary medicine. Committee believes, in its discretion, warrants denial or can- cellation of membership or other disciplinary action. (b) Distinguished Life Member: Any member nominated by another member of the association, recommended by the Section 4 Nominating Committee, and approved by the board of Distinguished Life Members: directors. Members who have made outstanding contributions to the associa- (c) Honor Roll Member: Any member who has attained the tion over their career may be nominated for this honor by members of the association, to be considered by the Nominating Committee age of 70 with 40 years of AAEP membership. for recommendation to the board of directors. B. Other Membership Categories: Student Member: Any student enrolled in a college of veterinary medicine with an expressed interest in the equine species.
2021 Leadership Resource Guide 41 Section 5 to the President-elect prior to the annual meeting with appoint- Honor Roll Member: ments to be made by the annual meeting. Committee member Members who have reached the age of 70 years and have main- terms officially begin immediately after the annual meeting. tained a record of 40 years of membership shall be designated Honor (c) Each chair is required to submit a written report to the Roll Members. Honor Roll Members shall be exempt from payment board of directors after each Annual Convention that reflects of dues. continuous attention to the committee’s area of responsibil- Section 6 ity throughout the previous year. Reports should include: (1) Waiver of Dues: The board of directors may excuse the following date(s) of committee meetings, (2) names of members attend- members from payment of dues: ing, (3) names of members absent, (4) information worthy of (a) A member for whom the payment of dues would be a financial distributing to AAEP members, (5) any guests in attendance, hardship by reason of physical disability or illness. and (6) actions and programs recommended for board of directors consideration. The board may request more frequent (b) Retired status will be granted to requesting individuals who reporting, as needed. have been AAEP members for a period of at least ten years and who are no longer employed in the practice of veterinary medi- Section 2 cine. This is not to be confused with Honor Roll status, which In addition to the Finance and Audit Committee of the board, is complimentary full membership for 40-plus year members. there shall be a Nominating Committee and the President’s Advisory Retired status entitles the member to a significant reduction Council as described hereunder as well as standing committees, coun- in dues. Members requesting this category will receive regular cils, ad hoc committees, or task forces, as established by the board communication of member news and the right to purchase of directors. other AAEP products and services at member rates. Finance and Audit Committee: (c) A member who certifies permanent disability and can no lon- The duties and responsibilities include: To review the finances for ger engage in veterinary activity as a fulltime occupation. both the AAEP and The Foundation for the Horse and to make (d) A member who the board of directors determines should be recommendations to the board on achieving board-defined financial granted dues-exempt status because of extenuating circumstances. goals along with funding strategies to achieve them; to review and make recommendations to the board on financial policy and budgets taking into account investment performance, economic conditions ARTICLE V – ASSOCIATION MEETINGS and other factors that may impact short- and long-term financial Section 1 stability; to develop budgeting projections with staff, for both the The place, date and duration of the annual association meeting AAEP and its Foundation, that integrate the strategic plan and other shall be decided by the board of directors. initiatives; to approve the budget within the finance committee for submission to the board; to make recommendations on board Section 2 appropriations and capital expenditures; and to conduct semi-annual Quorum: The membership present at a duly called annual asso- review with investment advisor(s). Additionally, the committee will ciation meeting shall constitute a quorum for the transaction of ensure an accounting firm is selected for an annual audit or review business. of both the AAEP and its Foundation with results reviewed by the Section 3 committee prior to presentation to the AAEP board. Special meetings of the association may be called upon a majority Committee membership to include: vote of the board of directors, or upon petition of a majority of the • The current Treasurer shall serve as chair of the committee active members. Notice of such special meetings, and their purpose, during his/her term shall be given to all members at least 30 days before they are to be held. The business of a special meeting shall be limited to the purpose • The Immediate Past Treasurer (one-year term) for which it is called. • The Immediate Past President • The Vice President ARTICLE VI – COMMITTEES • One board member, elected by the board Section 1 • The Chair of the Foundation Advisory Council The President-elect, in consultation with the board of directors or officers, shall appoint the members of all committees for the These individuals will serve for the duration of their time in their coming year, shall designate the chair of each committee, and respective positions within the organization. The board may add up the board of directors shall delineate the duties of each commit- to two additional individuals to serve in an advisory capacity. These tee. Members shall serve for a term of three years and may be positions will be ex-officio (non-voting) and shall serve a term of one reappointed. year; however, can be re-appointed for up to two additional terms at (a) Tenure of the committee chair shall be limited to three years the discretion of the board. regardless of the number of years served as a committee mem- ber. Eligibility for reappointment is the same as the committee Nominating Committee: membership. The duties and responsibilities include: To develop a slate of can- (b) A committee, established and appointed by the board or didates for the offices of Vice President and Treasurer, to develop a President, shall develop a list of appointees for recommendation slate of candidates for vacancies on the board of directors; to develop a slate of candidates for all of the AAEP’s awards. With the President,
42 AAEP the Nominating Committee will be responsible for the election pro- shall define the duties, composition, tenure and reporting require- cess for members of the board of directors. Committee membership ments of each standing committee or council. to include: The Past President whose term has most recently expired from the board of directors will serve as chair. Additional members Ad Hoc Committees, Task Forces and Working Groups: shall include the two most recent Past Presidents, two at-large mem- The board of directors, or the officers, may establish task forces bers (2-year terms appointed by the President), and two board mem- and other working groups, by resolution setting forth the duties, bers (2-year terms elected by the board of directors). composition, tenure, and reporting requirements of each.
President’s Advisory Council: ARTICLE VII – AMENDMENTS The duties and responsibilities include: To study specific problems referred by the President and other matters that might affect the future These bylaws may be amended at any annual meeting of the of the association or the equine veterinary profession, and to report its association by a majority vote of the members present, provided findings and recommendations to the President. Council membership to that the proposed amendment is made available to the membership include: All Past Presidents of the association. in advance of the meeting, unless otherwise required by Illinois law.
Standing Committees and Councils: Standing committees or councils are to be established, modified and dissolved by resolution of the board of directors. Each resolution
2021 Leadership Resource Guide 43 44 AAEP
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