Archaeological Desk-Based Assessment Land at Blythe

ARCHAEOLOGICAL DESK-BASED ASSESSMENT

LAND AT BLYTHE VALE STAFFORDSHIRE

JULY 2017

Planning Authority: Staffordshire Moorlands District Council

Site centred at: NGR 396575, 340501

Author: Nathan Thomas BSc (Hons), MSc, ACIfA

Approved by: Steve Weaver BA, MCIfA

Report Status: Final

Issue Date: July 2017

CgMs Ref: SW/NT/22916

No part of this report is to be copied in any way without prior written consent.

Every effort is made to provide detailed and accurate information, however, CgMs Limited cannot be held responsible for errors or inaccuracies within this report.

CONTENTS

Executive Summary 1.0 Introduction and Scope of Study 2.0 Planning Background and Development Plan Framework 3.0 Geology and Topography 4.0 Archaeological and Historical Background, including Assessment of Significance 5.0 Site Conditions, the Proposed Development and Impact on Archaeological Assets 6.0 Summary and Conclusions Sources Consulted

LIST OF TABLES

Table 1: Gazetteer of HER and HEA entries

LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS

Fig. 1 Site Location Fig. 2 1817 Stone House Estate Map Fig. 3 1839 Dilhorne Tithe Map Fig. 4 1888-1889 Ordnance Survey Map Fig. 5 1901 Ordnance Survey Map Fig. 6 1925 Ordnance Survey Map Fig. 7 1938-1951 Ordnance Survey Map Fig. 8 1954-1955 Ordnance Survey Map Fig. 9 1971-1977 Ordnance Survey Map Fig. 10 2000 Ordnance Survey Map Fig. 11 2016 Ordnance Survey Map

LIST OF PLATES

Plate 1 Looking south-west across the field to the south of Stone House Farm Plate 2 Looking north-east towards Stone House Farm Plate 3 Looking north-east from the south-western corner of the study site Plate 4 Looking south from the north-western limit of the study site

APPENDICES

Appendix 1: Staffordshire Historic Environment Record and Historic England Archive data plots Appendix 2: Gazetteer of aerial photographs held at the Historic England Archive, Swindon Appendix 3: LiDAR plot

Executive Summary

This archaeological desk-based assessment considers c.5.5 hectares of land referred to as Blythe Vale, Staffordshire.

The report forms the desk-based assessment required by paragraph 128 of the NPPF to identify the presence of heritage (archaeological) assets and, where present, to assess any impact on their significance. Built heritage assets are addressed in a separate report.

There are no designated archaeological assets within the study site or wider 1km study area.

The findspot of a Prehistoric perforated stone axe hammer is recorded within the study site. This is no longer present and therefore has no remaining significance.

Based on current evidence, this assessment has identified that the study site has a moderate theoretical potential for previously undiscovered Roman evidence due to its proximity to the course of a Roman road c.100m to the north. Such evidence (if present) is likely to comprise unstratified finds related to peripheral roadside activity. The study site is located away from the Medieval and later settlement foci and would have formed part of the agricultural hinterland of Forsbrook and Draycott in the Moors. Any Prehistoric, Medieval and Post-Medieval evidence (if present) is expected to be limited to traces of past cultivation and unstratified finds only. Such assets are considered to be of no more than local significance at best.

Groundworks associated with the proposed development could impact on any archaeological assets within the study site. However, it is considered that the cumulative negative impacts of past agriculture will have led to the truncation and, in places, the complete removal of any archaeological evidence that may have once been present.

Given the prospect for development impact on truncated assets of local significance at best, it is considered that any development impact could be mitigated and the potential archaeological interest of the study site could be addressed by an appropriate programme of archaeological investigation secured by a planning condition.

1.0 INTRODUCTION AND SCOPE OF STUDY

1.1 This archaeological desk-based assessment has been researched and prepared by CgMs Consulting for St Modwen Developments.

1.2 The assessment considers c.5.5 hectares of land to the south-east of Blythe Bridge, Forsbrook, Staffordshire (referred to as the study site) which is being proposed for development. The study site is centred at National Grid Reference (NGR) 396575, 340501 (Fig. 1).

1.3 In accordance with government policy on archaeology within the planning process (Section 12 of the National Planning Policy Framework) and local planning policy, this assessment draws together the available archaeological, topographic and land-use information in order to clarify the significance of any archaeological assets on the study site and to establish the archaeological potential of the study site.

1.4 Additionally, in accordance with the Standard and Guidance for Historic Environment Desk-Based Assessments (Chartered Institute for Archaeologists (CIfA) 2014), the assessment includes the results of a site inspection, an examination of published and unpublished records and charts historic land-use through a map regression exercise.

1.5 As a result, the assessment enables relevant parties to assess the significance of archaeological assets on the study site and assesses the potential for previously undiscovered archaeological evidence, thus enabling potential impacts on the significance of any assets to be identified along with the need for design, engineering or archaeological mitigation.

2.0 PLANNING BACKGROUND AND DEVELOPMENT PLAN FRAMEWORK

2.1 Legislation

2.1.1 Legislation regarding archaeology, including Scheduled Monuments, is contained in the Ancient Monuments and Archaeological Areas Act 1979, amended by the National Heritage Act 1983 and 2002.

2.2 National Policy

2.2.1 In March 2012, the government published the National Planning Policy Framework (NPPF), which replaced previous national policy relating to heritage and archaeology (PPS5: Planning Policy Statement 5: Planning for the Historic Environment).

2.2.2 Section 12 of the NPPF, entitled Conserving and enhancing the historic environment provides policy for planning authorities, property owners, developers and others on the conservation and investigation of heritage assets. Overall, the objectives of Section 12 of the NPPF can be summarised as seeking the:

 Delivery of sustainable development  Understanding the wider social, cultural, economic and environmental benefits brought by the conservation of the historic environment  Conservation of England's heritage assets in a manner appropriate to their significance, and  Recognition that heritage contributes to our knowledge and understanding of the past.

2.2.3 Section 12 of the NPPF recognises that intelligently managed change may sometimes be necessary if heritage assets are to be maintained for the long term. Paragraph 128 states that planning decisions should be based on the significance of the heritage asset, and that the level of detail supplied by an applicant should be proportionate to the importance of the asset and should be no more than sufficient to review the potential impact of the proposal upon the significance of that asset.

2.2.4 Heritage Assets are defined in Annex 2 of the NPPF as: a building, monument, site, place, area or landscape positively identified as having a degree of significance meriting consideration in planning decisions. They include designated heritage assets (as defined in the NPPF) and assets identified by the local planning authority during the process of decision-making or through the plan-making process.

2.2.5 Annex 2 also defines Archaeological Interest as a heritage asset which holds or potentially could hold evidence of past human activity worthy of expert investigation at some point. Heritage assets with archaeological interest are the primary source of evidence about the substance and evolution of places, and of the people and cultures that made them.

2.2.6 A Designated Heritage Asset comprises a: World Heritage Site, Scheduled Monument, Listed Building, Protected Wreck Site, Registered Park and Garden, Registered Battlefield or Conservation Area.

2.2.7 Significance is defined as: The value of a heritage asset to this and future generations because of its heritage interest. This interest may be archaeological, architectural, artistic or historic. Significance derives not only from a heritage asset’s physical presence, but also from its setting.

2.2.8 In short, government policy provides a framework which:  Protects nationally important designated Heritage Assets (which include World Heritage Sites, Scheduled Ancient Monuments, Listed Buildings, Protected Wreck Sites, Registered Parks and Gardens, Registered Battlefields or Conservation Areas).  Protects the settings of such designations.  In appropriate circumstances seeks adequate information (from desk based assessment and field evaluation where necessary) to enable informed decisions.  Provides for the excavation and investigation of sites not significant enough to merit in-situ preservation.

2.3 Local Policy

2.3.1 Current local planning policy consists of the Staffordshire Moorlands Core Strategy (adopted March 2014). The Core Strategy policy relevant to this assessment is:

POLICY DC2 THE HISTORIC ENVIRONMENT

THE COUNCIL WILL SAFEGUARD AND, WHERE POSSIBLE, ENHANCE THE HISTORIC ENVIRONMENT, AREAS OF HISTORIC LANDSCAPE CHARACTER AND INTERESTS OF ACKNOWLEDGED IMPORTANCE, INCLUDING IN PARTICULAR SCHEDULED ANCIENT MONUMENTS, SIGNIFICANT BUILDINGS (BOTH STATUTORY LISTED AND ON A LOCAL REGISTER), THE SETTINGS OF DESIGNATED ASSETS, CONSERVATION

AREAS, REGISTERED HISTORIC PARKS AND GARDENS, REGISTERED BATTLEFIELDS AND ARCHAEOLOGICAL REMAINS BY:

1. RESISTING DEVELOPMENT WHICH WOULD HARM OR BE DETRIMENTAL TO THE SPECIAL CHARACTER AND HISTORIC HERITAGE OF THE DISTRICT’S TOWNS AND VILLAGES AND THOSE INTERESTS OF ACKNOWLEDGED IMPORTANCE.

2. PROMOTING DEVELOPMENT WHICH SUSTAINS, RESPECTS OR ENHANCES BUILDINGS AND FEATURES WHICH CONTRIBUTE TO THE CHARACTER OR HERITAGE OF AN AREA AND THOSE INTERESTS OF ACKNOWLEDGED IMPORTANCE THROUGH THE USE OF CONSERVATION AREA APPRAISALS, DESIGN STATEMENTS, ARCHAEOLOGICAL ASSESSMENTS, CHARACTERISATION STUDIES AND MASTERPLANNING.

3. PREVENTING THE LOSS OF BUILDINGS AND FEATURES WHICH MAKE A POSITIVE CONTRIBUTION TO THE CHARACTER OR HERITAGE OF AN AREA THROUGH APPROPRIATE REUSE AND SENSITIVE DEVELOPMENT, INCLUDING ENABLING DEVELOPMENT, UNLESS THEIR RETENTION IS NOT VIABLE OR THERE WOULD BE SUBSTANTIAL PLANNING BENEFITS TO OUTWEIGH THE LOSS.

2.3.2 It is also noted the study site forms part of the Blythe Bridge Regional Investment Site allocated for employment use under Policy SS8 of the Core Strategy.

2.4 Guidance

2.4.1 The NPPF is supported by the Planning Practice Guidance (PPG) online resource.

2.4.2 The PPG reiterates that the conservation of heritage assets in a manner appropriate to their significance is a core planning principle, requiring a flexible and thoughtful approach. Furthermore, it highlights that neglect and decay of heritage assets is best addressed through ensuring they remain in active use that is consistent with their conservation. Importantly, the guidance states that if complete, or partial loss of a heritage asset is justified, the aim should then be to capture and record the evidence of the asset’s significance, and make the interpretation publically available. Key elements of the guidance relate to assessing harm. An important consideration should be whether the proposed works adversely affect a key element of the heritage asset’s special architectural or historic interest. Additionally, it is the degree of harm, rather than the scale of development, that is to be assessed. The level of ‘substantial harm’ is considered to be a high bar that may not arise in many cases. Essentially, whether a

proposal causes substantial harm will be a judgment for the decision taker, having regard to the circumstances of the case and the NPPF. Importantly, harm may arise from works to the asset or from development within its setting. Setting is defined as the surroundings in which an asset is experienced, and may be more extensive than the curtilage. A thorough assessment of the impact of proposals upon setting needs to take into account, and be proportionate to, the significance of the heritage asset and the degree to which proposed changes enhance or detract from that significance and the ability to appreciate it.

2.4.3 The PPG previously issued in support of PPS5, together with accompanying English Heritage documentation, was cancelled in March 2015, to be replaced by three Good Practice Advice (GPA) documents published by Historic England: GPA 1: The Historic Environment in Local Plans; GPA 2: Managing Significance in Decision-Taking in the Historic Environment, and GPA 3: The Setting of Heritage Assets.

2.5 General

2.5.1 In considering any planning application for development, the planning authority will be mindful of the framework set by government policy, in this instance the NPPF, by current local planning policy and by other material considerations.

2.5.2 This assessment aims to clarify the specific archaeological potential of the study site and, in accordance with the NPPF and local planning policy, to identify the significance of any archaeological assets which occur on the study site and which might be impacted by development, enabling appropriate mitigation measures to be formulated.

3.0 GEOLOGY AND TOPOGRAPHY

3.1 Geology

3.1.1 The solid geology of the study site comprises Siltstone, Mudstone and Sandstone of the Tarporley Siltstone Formation. Superficial deposits of Devensian Diamicton Till are also recorded (British Geological Survey online 2017).

3.1.2 Soils within the study site are identified as ‘Slowly permeable seasonally wet slightly acid but base-rich loamy and clayey soils’ (Cranfield University Soilscapes online 2017).

3.1.3 No site specific geotechnical investigations are currently available (June 2017).

3.2 Topography

3.2.1 The study site slopes down gently from c.178m Above Ordnance Datum (AOD) in the north to c.170m AOD in the south and forms part of the northern valley side of the River Blithe.

3.2.2 The River Blithe is the nearest watercourse and lies c.400m to the south-west at its nearest.

4.0 ARCHAEOLOGICAL AND HISTORICAL BACKGROUND, INCLUDING ASSESSMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE

The timescales used in this report are as follows:

Prehistoric Palaeolithic 800,000 - 12,000 BC Mesolithic 12,000 - 4,000 BC Neolithic 4,000 - 1,800 BC Bronze Age 1,800 - 600 BC Iron Age 600 - AD 43

Historic Roman AD 43 - 410 Saxon/Early-Medieval AD 410 - 1066 Medieval AD 1066 - 1485 Post-Medieval AD 1486 - 1800 Modern AD 1800 - Present

4.1 Introduction

4.1.1 This assessment is based on a consideration of evidence in the Staffordshire Historic Environment Record (HER), the Historic England Archive (HEA) and the National Heritage List for England (NHLE) for the study site and a zone 1km around it (referred to as the wider study area). Staffordshire Archives was visited in order to examine historic maps relating to the study site.

4.1.2 This chapter reviews existing archaeological evidence for the study site and the archaeological/historical background of the general area, and, in accordance with the NPPF, considers the potential for any previously undiscovered archaeological evidence within the study site.

4.1.3 Archaeological data from a 1km radius area around the study site has been reviewed to produce a predictive model of the study site’s archaeological potential. Archaeological assets are considered in the relevant sections below and are identified as either HER, HEA or NHLE depending on the data source followed by the unique reference number. Plans showing the location of data mentioned in the text can be found in Appendix 1.

4.1.4 Aerial photographs held at the Historic England Archive (Appendix 2) and Environment Agency Light Detection And Ranging data (LiDAR (vertical exaggeration 10x)) were also reviewed as part of this assessment and are discussed, where relevant, in the sections below.

4.1.5 Chapter 5 subsequently considers the study site conditions and whether the theoretical potential identified in this chapter is likely to survive.

4.2 Designated Heritage Assets

4.2.1 There are no designated archaeological assets (Scheduled Monuments, Registered Battlefields or Historic Parks and Gardens) within the study site or wider 1km study area.

4.2.2 Built heritage assets are addressed in a separate report (CgMs; 2017).

4.3 Previous Archaeological Investigations

4.3.1 No previous invasive archaeological investigations of the study site have been undertaken. However, the area of the study site was assessed as part of the Staffordshire Moorlands Historic Environment Character Assessment (Staffordshire County Council (SCC) 2010) and lies within zone BFHECZ 2 - south-east of Blythe Bridge (Appendix 1). In terms of archaeology, the assessment identified a moderate to low potential for previously undiscovered archaeological remains within this zone due to the proximity of the Roman road (the current Uttoxeter Road) to the north. A potential for features associated with the watermeadows along the River Blithe to the south was also highlighted; however, these lie beyond the limit of the study site. The assessment also identified that any new development within this zone should not detract from its overall historic character, which is defined by a Post-Medieval rectilinear field pattern with associated mature hedgerows (SCC 2010, Appendix 3, pages 3-6).

4.3.2 The only other event recorded in the wider study area is a geophysical survey and excavation (HER EST2457) conducted over the projected course of the Roman road within Blythe Bridge c.1km to the west of the study site (Wilocock and Gee 1965).

4.3.3 Where relevant, the results of the above investigations will be discussed in the sections below.

4.4 Prehistoric (Palaeolithic – Iron Age)

4.4.1 The chance recovery of a perforated stone axe hammer (HER MST574, HEA 77774) is recorded from within the study site.

4.4.2 In the wider study area, the findspot of a second perforated axe hammer (HEA 77804) is identified in Draycott in the Moors, c.800m to the east, although the exact provenance of this artefact is uncertain. Both axes are likely to have derived from casual loss or discard and do not suggest intensive Prehistoric activity.

4.4.3 Given the paucity of Prehistoric evidence from the wider study area, and in the absence of any recorded cropmarks or topographic features within the LiDAR data that would suggest Prehistoric occupation within, or in close proximity to, the study site, a low theoretical potential for previously undiscovered Prehistoric evidence is identified. Such evidence (if present) is likely to comprise unstratified finds only.

4.5 Roman

4.5.1 There is no Roman evidence recorded within the study site by the HER or HEA.

4.5.2 In the wider study area, the course of the Roman road between Little Chester, Rochester and Chesterton (HER MST1222, HEA 1061222) is thought to underlie the Uttoxeter Road c.100m to the north of the study site (Wardle 2002). A geophysical survey and excavation (HER EST2457) within Blythe Bridge, c.1km to the west, on the projected course of this road revealed an ‘ancient’ road surface although no Roman dating evidence was recovered (Wilocock and Gee 1965).

4.5.3 Given the proximity of the study site to the above noted Roman road, a moderate theoretical potential for previously undiscovered Roman evidence is identified. However, in the absence of any cropmarks or topographic features within the LiDAR data that would suggest Roman occupation, such evidence (if present) is likely to comprise unstratified finds related to peripheral roadside activity only.

4.6 Saxon – Early-Medieval

4.6.1 There is no Saxon or Early-Medieval evidence recorded within the study site by the HER or HEA.

4.6.2 In the wider study area, Saxon evidence is limited to the findspot of a 7th century AD pendant from Forsbrook (HER MST1674, HEA 77770) c.790m to the north. The find is likely to have derived from casual loss.

4.6.3 The nearest settlements to the study site recorded by the Domesday Book of AD 1086 were at Forsbrook (HER MST2452, MST3636), c.860m to the north, and Draycott in the Moors, c.1.4km to the east (Gelling 1981, Williams and Martin 1992).

4.6.4 Given the paucity of Saxon and Early-Medieval evidence from the wider study area, and taking into account the distance of the study site from the Early-Medieval settlement foci, a low/nil theoretical potential for previously undiscovered Saxon and Early-Medieval evidence within the study site is identified.

4.7 Medieval

4.7.1 There is no Medieval evidence recorded within the study site, or wider study area, by the HER or HEA.

4.7.2 Forsbrook remained the nearest settlement to the study site during the Medieval period and Blythe Bridge, c.1km to the north-west, was first recorded in the late 15th century (SCC 2010).

4.7.3 The only Medieval evidence within the wider study area comprises fossilised elements of the open field system surrounding Forsbrook. This is characterised by a piecemeal enclosure pattern with reverse S-shaped field boundaries that reflect former strips fields and ridge and furrow cultivation located c.320m to the north of the study site (HER HST1660, HST1875).

4.7.4 The study site is located away from the Medieval settlement foci in an area that would have been used for agricultural purposes. The LiDAR data indicates the presence of slight linear earthworks within the study site (Appendix 3) that would suggest Medieval, or later, cultivation. Any previously undiscovered Medieval evidence is therefore likely to be limited to further traces of cultivation and unstratified finds derived from manuring practices.

4.8 Post-Medieval and Modern

4.8.1 There is no Post-Medieval evidence recorded within the study site by the HER or HEA.

4.8.2 In the wider study area, the HER records a number of Post-Medieval farmsteads, mills, water meadows and other built heritage assets. This evidence adds little to the understanding of the archaeological potential of the study site. The locations of the above features are shown in Appendix 1 and are discussed, where relevant, below.

4.8.3 In the later Post-Medieval period, understanding of settlement, land-use and the utilisation of the landscape is enhanced by cartographic and documentary sources which can give additional detail to data contained within the HER and HEA.

4.8.4 William Yate’s 1775 Map of Staffordshire (not illustrated) does not depict the area of the study site in any detail. The main turnpike roads (HER MST22371, MST22379) to the north and east of the study site are shown, as are the settlements at Blythe Marsh, Forsbrook (Fossbrook) and Draycott.

4.8.5 The 1817 Stone House Estate Map (Fig. 2) shows the study site as comprising part of three fields named “Great Hardings Croft”, “Dicks Field” and “Rowley Hill” respectively with the latter containing a pond in the north-west. The landscape to the west of the study site at this time is shown to comprise small rectangular enclosures with water meadows to the south.

4.8.6 The 1839 Dilhorne Tithe Map (Fig. 3) shows limited change. The eastern half of the study site is shown to have been partitioned into two smaller fields (1237, 1238). The fields are recorded as arable (1237), meadow (1238) and pasture (1239) respectively. In the wider study area, the surrounding landscape is depicted to comprise small rectangular enclosures with occasional ponds. A stone quarry is also mapped to the north.

4.8.7 The 1888 Ordnance Survey Map (Fig. 4) shows the main field boundaries of the study site to remain unchanged, although further internal division in the west is depicted. In the wider study area, the landscape surrounding the study site remains mostly agricultural in character. To the north, the stone quarry is shown to have extended further to the south towards the study site.

4.8.8 The 1901, 1925, 1938-1951 and 1954-1955 Ordnance Survey Maps (Figs. 5-8) show no changes to the area of the study site. In the wider study area, development is depicted along the course of the Uttoxeter Road to the north and along Woodlands Lane.

4.8.9 The 1971-1977 Ordnance Survey Map (Fig. 9) shows the addition of a north to south oriented boundary in the south-west of the study site, no further changes are depicted. In the wider study area, the A521 road is mapped bordering the area of the study site to the north-west and further residential housing on the edge of Blythe Bridge is depicted beyond this to the west.

4.8.10 The 2000 and 2016 Ordnance Survey Maps (Figs. 10 and 11) show Stone House Farm, with associated enclosures to the north, to have been built within the study site. This is first depicted on the OS mapping in 1978 (not illustrated). No further changes are shown within the study site. In the wider study area, the course of the A50 road is shown to have been constructed to the south of the study site.

4.8.11 The study site has remained in agricultural usage throughout the Post-Medieval period. Any Post-Medieval evidence is therefore expected to be limited to traces of cultivation and unstratified finds derived from manuring practices.

4.9 Historic Landscape Characterisation

4.9.1 The Staffordshire Historic Landscape Characterisation identifies the study site to lie within an area of small rectilinear fields (HER HST1754) dating to the Post-Medieval period. To the north are two areas of piecemeal enclosure (HER HST1660, HST1875) and an area of modern settlement (HER HST1622). To the east is an area of Post- Medieval planned enclosure (HER HST1682) and to the west is an area of modern settlement (HER HST1595).

4.10 Assessment of Significance

4.10.1 There are no designated archaeological assets (Scheduled Monuments, Registered Battlefields or Historic Parks and Gardens) within the study site or wider 1km study area.

4.10.2 The findspot of a Prehistoric perforated stone axe hammer (HER MST574, HEA 77774) is recorded within the study site. This is no longer present and therefore has no remaining significance.

4.10.3 Based on current evidence, this assessment has identified that the study site has a moderate theoretical potential for previously undiscovered Roman evidence due to its proximity to the course of a Roman road (HER MST1222, HEA 1061222) c.100m to the north. Such evidence (if present) is likely to comprise unstratified finds related to

peripheral roadside activity. The study site is located away from the Medieval and later settlement foci and would have formed part of the agricultural hinterland of Forsbrook and Draycott in the Moors. Any other Prehistoric, Medieval and Post-Medieval evidence present is expected to be limited to traces of cultivation and unstratified finds only.

4.10.4 When considered in the context of the Secretary of State’s non-statutory criteria for Scheduled Monuments (DCMS 2013) and the West Midlands Archaeological Research Framework (Watt 2011) such assets (if present) are considered to be of local archaeological significance at best.

5.0 SITE CONDITIONS, THE PROPOSED DEVELOPMENT AND IMPACT ON ARCHAEOLOGICAL ASSETS

5.1 Site Conditions

5.1.1 A site inspection was conducted on the 7th December 2016 (Plates 1-4).

5.1.2 The study site consisted of four pasture fields and Stone House Farm. All the fields were relatively level and only very slight traces of linear features relating to former cultivation were noted. These were identified in the south-west corner of the study site only and were oriented north-east to south-west as shown by the LiDAR data. A large pond was also present in the north of this area.

5.1.3 All the field boundaries (excluding the internal wire and post paddock partitioning) comprised mature hedges with trees.

5.1.4 No other archaeological finds or features were noted during the site inspection.

5.2 The Proposed Development

5.2.1 The proposed development is for residential dwellings with associated access, landscaping and infrastructure.

5.3 Impacts on Archaeological Assets

5.3.1 There are no designated archaeological assets within the study site or wider 1km study area. No impact on designated assets is identified.

5.3.2 Groundworks associated with the proposed development could impact on any archaeological assets within the study site. However, it is considered that the cumulative negative impacts of past agriculture will have led to the truncation and, in places, the complete removal of any archaeological evidence that may have once been present. This is supported by the results of the site visit which identified that the linear features shown in the LiDAR data (vertical exaggeration 10x) across the south- western part of the study site only survive as very slight earthworks.

6.0 SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS

6.1 This archaeological desk-based assessment considers c.5.5 hectares of land to the south-east of Blythe Bridge, Forsbrook, Staffordshire.

6.2 The report forms the desk-based assessment required by paragraph 128 of the NPPF to identify the presence of heritage (archaeological) assets and, where present, to assess any impact on their significance. Built heritage assets are addressed in a separate report.

6.3 There are no designated archaeological assets within the study site or wider 1km study area.

6.4 The findspot of a Prehistoric perforated stone axe hammer (HER MST574, HEA 77774) is recorded within the study site. This is no longer present and therefore has no remaining significance.

6.5 Based on current evidence, this assessment has identified that the study site has a moderate theoretical potential for previously undiscovered Roman evidence due to its proximity to the course of a Roman road (HER MST1222, HEA 1061222) c.100m to the north. Such evidence (if present) is likely to comprise unstratified finds related to peripheral roadside activity. The study site is located away from the Medieval and later settlement foci and would have formed part of the agricultural hinterland of Forsbrook and Draycott in the Moors. Any Prehistoric, Medieval and Post-Medieval evidence (if present) is expected to be limited to traces of past cultivation and unstratified finds only. Such assets are considered to be of no more than local significance at best.

6.6 Groundworks associated with the proposed development could impact on any archaeological assets within the study site. However, it is considered that the cumulative negative impacts of past agriculture will have led to the truncation and, in places, the complete removal of any archaeological evidence that may have once been present.

6.7 Given the prospect for development impact on truncated assets of local significance at best, it is considered that any development impact could be mitigated and the potential archaeological interest of the study site could be addressed by an appropriate programme of archaeological investigation secured by a planning condition.

6.8 It is also noted that the Staffordshire Moorlands Historic Environment Character Assessment for the area of the study site has identified that any new development within this zone (BFHECZ 2 - south-east of Blythe Bridge) should not detract from its overall historic character, which is defined by a Post-Medieval rectilinear field pattern with associated mature hedgerows.

SOURCES CONSULTED General British Geological Survey (online) Cranfield University Soilscapes (online) Historic England Archive National Heritage List England National Planning Policy Framework Planning Practice Guidance Staffordshire Moorlands Core Strategy (March 2014) Staffordshire Archives Staffordshire Historic Environment Record William Salt Library

Bibliographic and Documentary

CIfA 2014 Standard and Guidance for Historic Environment Desk-Based Assessments DCMS 2013 Scheduled Monuments & nationally important but non- scheduled monuments Gelling, M. 1981 Some Thoughts on Staffordshire Place-Names in North Staffordshire. Journal of Field Studies Vol. 21 Staffordshire County Council 2010 Historic Environment Character Assessment: Staffordshire Moorlands Wardle, C. 2002 Roman Staffordshire: the Five Towns and Beyond. West Midlands Regional Research Framework for Archaeology, Seminar 3 Watt, S. (ed.) 2011 The Archaeology of the West Midlands. A framework for research

Wilcock, J. and Gee, J. 1965 Tracing a Roman Secondary Road South from Leek, Staffordshire. City of Stoke-on-Trent Museum Archaeological Society Report No. 1 Williams, A. and Martin, G. H. 1992 Domesday Book, A Complete Translation

Cartographic Sources Consulted 1775 William Yate’s Map of Staffordshire 1817 Stone House Estate Map 1839 Dilhorne Tithe Map Ordnance Survey, 1880 1: 2500 Ordnance Survey, 1900-1901 1: 2500 Ordnance Survey, 1924 1: 2500 Ordnance Survey, 1937 1: 2500 Ordnance Survey, 1957 1: 2500 Ordnance Survey, 1967 1: 2500 Ordnance Survey, 1973-1976 1: 2500 Ordnance Survey, 1978 1: 2500 Ordnance Survey, 1989 1: 2500 Ordnance Survey, 1994 1: 2500 Ordnance Survey, 1888-1889 1:10560 Ordnance Survey, 1901 1:10560 Ordnance Survey, 1925 1:10560 Ordnance Survey, 1938-1955 1:10560 Ordnance Survey, 1954-1955 1:10000 Ordnance Survey, 1966 1:10000 Ordnance Survey, 1971-1977 1:10000 Ordnance Survey, 1992 1:10000 Ordnance Survey, 2000 1:10000 Ordnance Survey, 2006 1:10000 Ordnance Survey, 2016 1:10000

Websites British Library – www.bl.uk Geology of Britain viewer - http://mapapps.bgs.ac.uk/geologyofbritain/home.html Google Earth - https://earth.google.co.uk Heritage list for England - https://historicengland.org.uk/listing/the-list/ Internet Archive - https://archive.org/index.php Planning Practice Guidance - http://planningguidance.communities.gov.uk/ Soilscapes - http://www.landis.org.uk/soilscapes/

Table 1 Gazetteer of HER and HEA entries HER/HEA Number Name Description Date HER MST574 Axe hammer, Blythe Findspot of a Prehistoric Marsh perforated axe hammer HER MST612 Cresswell Mill The site of Cresswell Post-Medieval Mill HER MST1222 Littlechester to Part of the probable Roman Chesterton Roman route of a Roman road road HER MST1674 Coin pendant, Findspot of a coin Saxon Forsbrook pendant dating to the early 7th century AD recovered during the 19th century HER MST2322 Watermill, Forsbrook A watermill and pond Post-Medieval at Forsbrook which were extant by the late 18th century HER MST2452 Forsbrook (place A place mentioned in Saxon/Early-Medieval name) the Domesday Book as ‘waste’ with land for one plough HER MST3248 Cresswell Pumping A pumping station Post-Medieval Station opened in 1932 HER MST3636 Forsbrook (place A place name of Saxon/Early-Medieval name) possible Saxon origin HER MST9836 Forsbrook Hall A listed 17th century Post-Medieval farmhouse HER MST9837 Stonehouse Cottage A listed 17th century Post-Medieval cottage HER MST11173 Site of house and The site of a house Post-Medieval garden, Chapel Street and garden which were extant by the later 19th century HER MST11174 1-3 Well Street, A house with garden Post-Medieval Forsbrook extant by the 19th

century HER MST11177 2-8 Dilhorne Road, A row of houses of Post-Medieval Forsbrook probable 19th century origin HER MST11178 10 Dilhorne Road, A house first shown Post-Medieval Forsbrook on the 2nd edition OS mapping HER MST13688 North Staffordshire Railway opened in Post-Medieval Railway (Uttoxeter 1848 Branch) HER MST14287 Forsbrook Hall Farm A farmstead within Post-Medieval Forsbrook HER MST14684 Water meadow south- Water meadow Post-Medieval east of Blythe Bridge system fed by the River Blithe HER MST17122 Milepost, Cresswell Cast iron milepost Post-Medieval Lane HER MST17770 Mill pond and race, A mill pond and race Post-Medieval Cresswell Mill associated with Cresswell Mill HER MST17772 406 Uttoxeter Road, A detached sandstone Post-Medieval Blythe Bridge house HER MST18108 Water meadow, west Water meadow Post-Medieval of Caverswall system fed by the River Blithe HER MST18363 56 Cheadle Road, Farmstead Post-Medieval Forsbrook HER MST18364 56 Cheadle Road, Farmhouse Post-Medieval Forsbrook HER MST18365 56 Cheadle Road, Farm building Post-Medieval Forsbrook HER MST21539 Lower Gorsty Farm, Farmstead Post-Medieval Fulford HER MST22337 Cheadle consolidated Turnpike Post-Medieval turnpike road HER MST22371 Newcastle and Blythe Turnpike Post-Medieval Marsh turnpike road HER MST22379 Sandon, Hugbridge, Turnpike Post-Medieval

Hiderstone and Draycott in the Moors turnpike road HER MST22389 Uttoxeter and Blythe Turnpike Post-Medieval Marsh turnpike road HEA 77770 Saxon coin pendant Coin pendant dating Saxon to the 7th century AD HEA 77774 Axe hammer Perforated stone axe Prehistoric hammer found at Blythe Marsh HEA 77804 Axe hammer Perforated stone axe Prehistoric hammer found in the parish of Draycott in the Moors. Findspot unknown HEA 77934 North Staffordshire Railway Post-Medieval Railway HEA 1061222 Littlechester to Roman road Roman Chesterton Roman road

© CgMs Limited 25 SW/NT/22916 \\chel-bh-03\Mdrive\Cheltenham\live\Archaeology\Current Jobs\22000-22999\22916 - Land Southeast of Blythe Bridge, Staffordshire\Graphics\01 GIS\27.07.17\Figure 1.mxd KP / 27.07.17

Merseyside A5272 A522 South Yorkshire Dilhorne Caverswall

Cheshire Derbyshire CITY OF STOKE-ON-TRENT A521

Meir

Forsbrook Nottinghamshire

STAFFORDSHIRE MOORLANDS DISTRICT A5005

Draycott in the Moors

Staffordshire Meir Heath

A520 Cresswell Saverley Green STAFFORD DISTRICT

Shropshire Leicestershire A50(T)

Fulford

West Midlands EAST STAFFORDSHIRE DISTRICT 341000 340500 340000

396000 396500 397000

Scale at A4: 1:10,000 0 250 m

Site Boundary ± Figure 1: Site Location

© Ordnance Survey maps reproduced with the sanction of the controller of HM Stationery Office. Licence No: AL 100014723 Contains Ordnance Survey data © Crown copyright and database right [2017] \\chel-bh-03\Mdrive\Cheltenham\live\Archaeology\Current Jobs\22000-22999\22916 - Land Southeast of Blythe Bridge, Staffordshire\Graphics\01 GIS\27.07.17\Figure 2.mxd KP / 27.07.17

Scale at A4: 1:4,000 0120 m

Site Boundary Figure 2: ± 1817 Stone House Estate Map

© Ordnance Survey maps reproduced with the sanction of the controller of HM Stationery Office. Licence No: AL 100014723 Contains OS data © Crown copyright [and database right] 2017 \\chel-bh-03\Mdrive\Cheltenham\live\Archaeology\Current Jobs\22000-22999\22916 - Land Southeast of Blythe Bridge, Staffordshire\Graphics\01 GIS\27.07.17\Figure 3.mxd KP / 27.07.17

Scale at A4: 1:5,000 0150 m

Site Boundary Figure 3: ± 1839 Dilhorne Tithe Map

Scale at A4: 1:9,000 0 250 m

Site Boundary Figure 4: ± 1888-1889 Ordnance Survey Map

Scale at A4: 1:9,000 0 250 m

Site Boundary Figure 5: ± 1901 Ordnance Survey Map

Scale at A4: 1:9,000 0 250 m

Site Boundary Figure 6: ± 1925 Ordnance Survey Map

© Ordnance Survey maps reproduced with the sanction of the controller of HM Stationery Office. Licence No: AL 100014723 Contains OS data © Crown copyright [and database right] 2017 \\CHEL-BH-03\Mdrive\Cheltenham\live\Archaeology\Current Jobs\22000-22999\22916 - Land Southeast of Blythe Bridge, Staffordshire\Graphics\01 GIS\27.07.17\Figure 7.mxd KP / 27.07.17

Scale at A4: 1:9,000 0 250 m

Site Boundary Figure 7: ± 1938-1951 Ordnance Survey Map

Scale at A4: 1:9,000 0 250 m

Site Boundary Figure 8: ± 1954-1955 Ordnance Survey Map

Scale at A4: 1:9,000 0 250 m

Site Boundary Figure 9: ± 1971-1977 Ordnance Survey Map

Scale at A4: 1:9,000 0 250 m

Site Boundary Figure 10: ± 2000 Ordnance Survey Map

Scale at A4: 1:9,000 0 250 m

Site Boundary Figure 11: ± 2016 Ordnance Survey Map

© Ordnance Survey maps reproduced with the sanction of the controller of HM Stationery Office. Licence No: AL 100014723 Contains OS data © Crown copyright [and database right] 2017 © CgMs M:\Cheltenham\live\Archaeology\Current Jobs\22000-22999\22916 - Land south-east of Blythe Bridge\Graphics\PDF NB/Jun 2017

Plate 1: Looking south-west across the field to the south of Stone House Farm Plate 2: Looking north-east towards Stone House Farm

Plate 3: Looking north-east from the south-western corner of the study site Plate 4: Looking south from the north-western limit of the study site

Plates 1 - 4 Archaeological Desk-Based Assessment Blythe Vale, Staffordshire

Appendix 1 Staffordshire Historic Environment Record and Historic England Archive data plots

© CgMs Limited SW/NT/22916 \\chel-bh-03\Mdrive\Cheltenham\live\Archaeology\Current Jobs\22000-22999\22916 - Land Southeast of Blythe Bridge, Staffordshire\Graphics\01 GIS\27.07.17\Appendix 1 - Designated.mxd NB/ 27.07.17

1253689 FORSBROOK HALL FARMHOUSE

Legend Site Boundary 1km search radius Listed Buildings $+ (Grade II)

1280719 STONEHOUSE COTTAGE

Scale at A3: 1:9,000 0 250 m

Land south-east of Blythe Bridge

Appendix 1: Designated Assets

© Ordnance Survey maps reproduced with the sanction of the controller of HM Stationery Office. Licence No: AL 100014723 \\chel-bh-03\Mdrive\Cheltenham\live\Archaeology\Current Jobs\22000-22999\22916 - Land Southeast of Blythe Bridge, Staffordshire\Graphics\01 GIS\27.07.17\Appendix 1 - Events.mxd NB/ 27.07.17

Legend Site Boundary 1km search radius HER Event HER Event Area EST2457

Scale at A3: 1:9,000 0 250 m

Land south-east of Blythe Bridge

Appendix 1: HER Events

© Ordnance Survey maps reproduced with the sanction of the controller of HM Stationery Office. Licence No: AL 100014723 \\CHEL-BH-03\Mdrive\Cheltenham\live\Archaeology\Current Jobs\22000-22999\22916 - Land Southeast of Blythe Bridge, Staffordshire\Graphics\01 GIS\27.07.17\Appendix 1 - HEA.mxd NB/ 27.07.17

77770 Saxon pendant Legend Site Boundary 1km Study Area HEA Areas HEA Lines

1061222 Roman road

77804 Perf stone axe hammer

77774 Perf stone axe hammer

77934 North Staffordshire Railway ±

Scale at A3: 1:9,000 0 250 m

Land south-east of Blythe Bridge

Appendix 1: HEA Monuments

Legend Site Boundary 1km search radius Name Blythe Bridge and Forsbrook - East of Forsbrook Blythe Bridge and Forsbrook - Forsbrook, Blythe Ma Blythe Bridge and Forsbrook - North of Forsbrook a Blythe Bridge and Forsbrook - South East of Blythe Blythe Bridge and Forsbrook - South of Stonehouses

BFHECZ 3

BFHECZ 4

BFHECZ 2

BFHECZ 1

Scale at A3: 1:9,000 0 250 m

Land south-east of Blythe Bridge

Appendix 1: Historic Environment Character Zones

MST11177 2-8 Dilhorne Road, Forsbrook MST18364 Farmhouse, 56 Cheadle Road, MST18365 Farm Forsbrook Building, South MST2452 Forsbrook / MST3636 Fotesbroc (Placename) of 56 Cheadle Road, Forsbrook Forsbrook (Placename)

MST18363 Farmstead, MST1674 Coin 56 Cheadle Road, Pendant, Forsbrook Legend Forsbrook Site Boundary MST9836 Forsbrook Hall MST14287 Forsbrook Farmhouse, Draycott 1km search radius Hall Farm, Draycott Road, Forsbrook HER Points Old Road, Forsbrook HER Lines HER Areas

MST2322 Watermill, Forsbrook MST17772 406 Uttoxeter Road, Blythe Bridge, Forsbrook

MST9837 Stonehouse Cottage, Uttxeter Road, Forsbrook

MST574 Axe Hammer Findspot, Blyth Marsh MST1222 Littlechester to Chesterton Roman Road

MST17122 Milepost, Cresswell Lane, Draycott-in-the-Moors MST21539 Lower Gorsty Birch Farm, Fulford MST14684 Water Meadow, South-East of Blythe Bridge ±

Scale at A3: 1:9,000 MST17770 Mill MST3248 Cresswell 0 250 Pond and Mill m Pumping Station, Race, Cresswell MST13688 North Draycott in the Moors Staffordshire Railway Mill, Cresswell (Uttoxeter Branch) Land south-east of MST612 Cresswell Blythe Bridge Mill, Cresswell, Draycott in Appendix 1: the Moors HER Monuments

HST1593

HST1588 HST1600 HST1587 HST1592

HST1649

HST1599 Legend HST1569 Site Boundary 1km search radius HLC HST1660 HLCType HST1604 Broadleaved Plantation HST1590 Miscellaneous Floodplain Fields Other Parkland Other Small Rectilinear Fields HST1875 Piecemeal Enclosure Planned Enclosure HST1598 Post-1880s Settlement HST1603 HST1648 Pre-1880s Settlement HST1605 HST1591 Small Irregular Fields HST1597 Sports Fields

HST1683

HST1594 HST1596

HST1595

HST1621 HST1622

HST1754

HST1679

HST1608 HST1756

HST1682

HST1758 ± HST28744

HST1757 Scale at A3: 1:9,000 0 250 m

Land south-east of HST16247 Blythe Bridge

Appendix 1: Historic Landscape Charcaterisation

Appendix 2 Gazetteer of aerial photographs held at the Historic England Archive, Swindon

Full single listing - Verticals, Standard order Customer enquiry reference: 104084

Sortie number Library Camera Frame HeldCentre point Run Date Sortie Scale 1: Focal Film details (in inches) Film number position number quality length held (in inches)

RAF/106G/UK/646 10 RP 3245 PSJ 959 398 6 11 AUG 1945 A 10200 20 Black and White 8.25 x 7.5 NMR RAF/106G/UK/646 10 RP 3246 PSJ 959 405 6 11 AUG 1945 A 10200 20 Black and White 8.25 x 7.5 NMR RAF/106G/UK/646 10 RP 3247 PSJ 959 412 6 11 AUG 1945 A 10200 20 Black and White 8.25 x 7.5 NMR RAF/106G/UK/646 10 RS 4245 PSJ 977 398 16 11 AUG 1945 A 10200 20 Black and White 8.25 x 7.5 NMR RAF/106G/UK/646 10 RS 4246 PSJ 977 405 16 11 AUG 1945 A 10200 20 Black and White 8.25 x 7.5 NMR RAF/106G/UK/646 10 RS 4247 PSJ 977 412 16 11 AUG 1945 A 10200 20 Black and White 8.25 x 7.5 NMR MAL/71139 7200 V 132 PSJ 969 396 1 02 OCT 1971 A 12000 6 Black and White 9 x 9 FNH MAL/71139 7200 V 133 NSJ 969 407 1 02 OCT 1971 A 12000 6 Black and White 9 x 9 FNH RCU/CSL/8221 9009 V 1343 NSJ 959 397 5 30 JUL 1982 A 10000 6 Black and White 9 x 9 NMR RCU/CSL/8221 9009 V 1344 NSJ 969 400 5 30 JUL 1982 A 10000 6 Black and White 9 x 9 NMR RCU/CSL/8221 9009 V 1345 NSJ 978 403 5 30 JUL 1982 A 10000 6 Black and White 9 x 9 NMR MAL/81036 9152 V 244 NSJ 956 405 5 03 AUG 1981 A 10000 6 Black and White 9 x 9 NMR MAL/81036 9152 V 245 PSJ 966 405 5 03 AUG 1981 A 10000 6 Black and White 9 x 9 NMR MAL/81036 9152 V 246 NSJ 975 405 5 03 AUG 1981 A 10000 6 Black and White 9 x 9 NMR OS/85139 12733 V 2 PSJ 960 407 1 02 JUN 1985 A 10800 6 Black and White 9 x 9 NMR OS/85139 12733 V 3 PSJ 968 403 1 02 JUN 1985 A 10800 6 Black and White 9 x 9 NMR OS/85139 12733 V 4 PSJ 976 399 1 02 JUN 1985 A 10800 6 Black and White 9 x 9 NMR OS/88214 13325 V 20 PSJ 978 404 2 06 AUG 1988 A 12600 6 Black and White 9 x 9 NMR OS/88214 13325 V 21 PSJ 978 414 2 06 AUG 1988 A 12600 6 Black and White 9 x 9 NMR OS/88214 13325 V 44 PSJ 959 413 3 06 AUG 1988 A 12600 6 Black and White 9 x 9 NMR OS/88214 13325 V 45 PSJ 960 403 3 06 AUG 1988 A 12600 6 Black and White 9 x 9 NMR OS/99167 15267 V 298 NSJ 970 414 3 18 JUN 1999 A 7400 12 Black and White 9 x 9 NMR OS/99167 15267 V 299 NSJ 965 414 3 18 JUN 1999 A 7400 12 Black and White 9 x 9 NMR OS/99167 15267 V 300 NSJ 960 414 3 18 JUN 1999 A 7400 12 Black and White 9 x 9 NMR OS/99167 15267 V 380 PSJ 970 404 5 18 JUN 1999 A 7400 12 Black and White 9 x 9 NMR OS/99167 15267 V 381 NSJ 965 404 5 18 JUN 1999 A 7400 12 Black and White 9 x 9 NMR OS/99167 15267 V 382 NSJ 960 404 5 18 JUN 1999 A 7400 12 Black and White 9 x 9 NMR MAL/60411 21364 V 77901 NSJ 961 410 3 24 MAR 1960 A 1800 6 Black and White 9 x 9 NMR MAL/60411 21364 V 77902 NSJ 963 409 3 24 MAR 1960 A 1800 6 Black and White 9 x 9 NMR

01 December 2016 Rep. 2.4a Ver. 2.2 Enquiry ref: 104084 - © Historic England Page 1 of 1 HISTORIC ENGLAND Air Photographs

MAL/60411 21364 V 77903 NSJ 965 407 3 24 MAR 1960 A 1800 6 Black and White 9 x 9 NMR MAL/60411 21364 V 77904 NSJ 968 409 4 24 MAR 1960 A 1800 6 Black and White 9 x 9 NMR MAL/60411 21364 V 77905 NSJ 970 408 4 24 MAR 1960 A 1800 6 Black and White 9 x 9 NMR MAL/60411 21364 V 77906 NSJ 972 407 4 24 MAR 1960 A 1800 6 Black and White 9 x 9 NMR MAL/60411 21364 V 77907 NSJ 974 406 4 24 MAR 1960 A 1800 6 Black and White 9 x 9 NMR MAL/60411 21364 V 77908 NSJ 976 405 4 24 MAR 1960 A 1800 6 Black and White 9 x 9 NMR MAL/60411 21364 V 77925 NSJ 958 405 5 24 MAR 1960 A 1800 6 Black and White 9 x 9 NMR MAL/60411 21364 V 77926 NSJ 961 405 5 24 MAR 1960 A 1800 6 Black and White 9 x 9 NMR MAL/60411 21364 V 77927 NSJ 963 405 5 24 MAR 1960 A 1800 6 Black and White 9 x 9 NMR MAL/60411 21364 V 77928 NSJ 965 405 5 24 MAR 1960 A 1800 6 Black and White 9 x 9 NMR MAL/60411 21364 V 77929 NSJ 967 405 5 24 MAR 1960 A 1800 6 Black and White 9 x 9 NMR MAL/60411 21364 V 77930 NSJ 969 406 5 24 MAR 1960 A 1800 6 Black and White 9 x 9 NMR MAL/60411 21364 V 77931 NSJ 971 406 5 24 MAR 1960 A 1800 6 Black and White 9 x 9 NMR MAL/60411 21364 V 77932 NSJ 973 406 5 24 MAR 1960 A 1800 6 Black and White 9 x 9 NMR MAL/60411 21364 V 77943 NSJ 967 411 7 24 MAR 1960 A 5500 6 Black and White 9 x 9 NMR MAL/60411 21364 V 77944 NSJ 971 407 7 24 MAR 1960 A 5500 6 Black and White 9 x 9 NMR MAL/60411 21364 V 77967 NSJ 963 404 10 24 MAR 1960 A 5500 6 Black and White 9 x 9 NMR MAL/60411 21364 V 77968 NSJ 967 403 10 24 MAR 1960 A 5500 6 Black and White 9 x 9 NMR MAL/60411 21364 V 77969 NSJ 971 401 10 24 MAR 1960 A 5500 6 Black and White 9 x 9 NMR MAL/60407 21372 V 76707 NSJ 962 409 2 10 JAN 1960 A 5500 6 Black and White 9 x 9 NMR MAL/60407 21372 V 76708 NSJ 969 408 2 10 JAN 1960 A 5500 6 Black and White 9 x 9 NMR MAL/60407 21372 V 76709 NSJ 975 407 2 10 JAN 1960 A 5500 6 Black and White 9 x 9 NMR MAL/59400 21389 Vp1 74307 NSJ 960 409 1 28 SEP 1959 A 2400 6 Black and White 9 x 9 NMR MAL/59400 21389 Vp1 74308 NSJ 961 409 1 28 SEP 1959 A 2400 6 Black and White 9 x 9 NMR MAL/59400 21389 Vp1 74309 NSJ 962 408 1 28 SEP 1959 A 2400 6 Black and White 9 x 9 NMR MAL/59400 21389 Vp1 74310 NSJ 964 408 1 28 SEP 1959 A 2400 6 Black and White 9 x 9 NMR MAL/59400 21389 Vp1 74311 NSJ 965 407 1 28 SEP 1959 A 2400 6 Black and White 9 x 9 NMR MAL/59400 21389 Vp1 74312 NSJ 966 407 1 28 SEP 1959 A 2400 6 Black and White 9 x 9 NMR MAL/59400 21389 Vp1 74313 NSJ 967 406 1 28 SEP 1959 A 2400 6 Black and White 9 x 9 NMR MAL/59400 21389 Vp1 74314 NSJ 969 406 1 28 SEP 1959 A 2400 6 Black and White 9 x 9 NMR MAL/59400 21389 Vp1 74315 NSJ 970 405 1 28 SEP 1959 A 2400 6 Black and White 9 x 9 NMR MAL/59400 21389 Vp1 74316 NSJ 971 405 1 28 SEP 1959 A 2400 6 Black and White 9 x 9 NMR MAL/59400 21389 Vp1 74317 NSJ 973 404 1 28 SEP 1959 A 2400 6 Black and White 9 x 9 NMR MAL/59400 21389 Vp1 74318 NSJ 974 404 1 28 SEP 1959 A 2400 6 Black and White 9 x 9 NMR MAL/59400 21389 Vp1 74319 NSJ 975 403 1 28 SEP 1959 A 2400 6 Black and White 9 x 9 NMR MAL/59399 21390 V 74156 NSJ 974 405 7 20 SEP 1959 A 6000 6 Black and White 9 x 9 NMR

01 December 2016 Rep. 2.4a Ver. 2.2 Enquiry ref: 104084 - © Historic England Page 1 of 1 HISTORIC ENGLAND Air Photographs

MAL/59399 21390 V 74157 NSJ 970 406 7 20 SEP 1959 A 6000 6 Black and White 9 x 9 NMR MAL/59399 21390 V 74158 NSJ 966 408 7 20 SEP 1959 A 6000 6 Black and White 9 x 9 NMR MAL/59399 21390 V 74159 NSJ 961 409 7 20 SEP 1959 A 6000 6 Black and White 9 x 9 NMR OS/02151 23860 V 17 NSJ 974 408 1 21 AUG 2002 A 6000 12 Colour 9 x 9 NMR OS/02151 23860 V 18 NSJ 969 408 1 21 AUG 2002 A 6000 12 Colour 9 x 9 NMR Total Sorties 12 Total Frames 70

01 December 2016 Rep. 2.4a Ver. 2.2 Enquiry ref: 104084 - © Historic England Page 1 of 1 Archaeological Desk-Based Assessment Blythe Vale, Staffordshire

Appendix 3 LiDAR data plots

Site Boundary

DSM 1m

Surface Hillshade Direction: 310* Angle: 31*

Vertical Exaggeration: 10x

Style: Greyscale

Scale @ A3: 0 1:2000 50 m

Appendix 3: LiDAR Plot

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