ABSTRACT BOOK National Symposium on “Coldwater Fisheries Development in India: Innovative approaches and way forward for enhancing hill farmers income”

24-25 September, 2019 ICAR-DCFR, Bhimtal, Nainital, Uttarakhand

Organized by: ICAR-Directorate of Coldwater Fisheries Research, Bhimtal, Nainital, Uttarakhand

In collaboration with: Coldwater Fisheries Society of India, Bhimtal, Nainital, Uttarakhand

Published by: Dr. Debajit Sarma Director, ICAR-Directorate of Coldwater Fisheries Research, Bhimtal, Nainital, Uttarakhand President, Coldwater Fisheries Society of India, Bhimtal, Nainital, Uttarakhand

Citation: Sarma, D., Chanu, K.V., Pandey, N.N. and Baruah, D. 2019: Abstract Book-National Symposium on “Coldwater Fisheries Development in India: Innovative approaches and way forward for enhancing hill farmers income”. ICAR-Directorate of Coldwater Fisheries Research, Bhimtal, Nainital, Uttarakhand, India. Pp: 1-

Year of publication: 2019

© Copy right: 2019 ICAR-DCFR All rights reeved. Any part of this abstract book may be reproduced only for scientific academic purposes with prior permission and due acknowledgement to ICAR-DCFR, Bhimtal.

Cover design: Deepjyoti Baruah

Back cover theme: Trout Raceway

Design & Printed at: M/s. Royal Offset Printers, A-89/1, Naraina Industrial Area, Phase-I, New Delhi-110028 # 9811622258

ii NATIONAL SYMPOSIUM “Coldwater Fisheries Development in India: Innovative approaches and way forward for enhancing hill farmers income”

24-25 September, 2019 ICAR-DCFR, Bhimtal, Nainital, Uttarakhand

Chief Patron Dr. Trilochan Mohapatra, Secretary, DARE and DG ICAR, New Delhi

Patron Dr. J.K. Jena, DDG (Fisheries Science), ICAR, New Delhi

NATIONAL ADVISORY COMMITTEE MEMBERS Dr. M.V.Gupta, Food Laureate, FAO Dr. S.D.Tripathi, Former Director, ICAR-CIFE Dr. M. Sinha, Advisor, Government of Tripura & Former Director, ICAR-CIFRI Dr. Dilip Kumar, Former Director & Vice Chancellor, ICAR-CIFE, Mumbai Dr.K.K.Vass, Former Director, ICAR-CIFRI & ICAR-DCFR Dr. A.P. Sharma, Former Director, ICAR-CIFRI Dr. A.K.Singh, Former Director, ICAR-DCFR Dr.Pravin Puthra, ADG (MF), ICAR, New Delhi Dr. Gopal Krishna, Director & V.C., ICAR-CIFE Dr. A. Gopalakrishnan, Director, ICAR-CMFRI Dr. K.K.Vijayan, Director, ICAR-CIBA, Chennai Dr. C.N. Ravishankar, Director, ICAR-CIFT Dr.K.K.Lal, Director, ICAR-NBFGR, Lucknow Dr.B.K.Das, Director, ICAR-CIFRI Dr. Bindu Pillai Director, ICAR-CIFA

NATIONAL ORGANIZING COMMITTEE

Convener Dr. D. Sarma, Director, ICAR-DCFR, Bhimtal

Organizing Secretary Dr. N.N. Pandey, Pr. Scientist, ICAR-DCFR Dr. Deepjyoti Baruah, Sr. Scientist, ICAR-DCFR

Executive Members Dr. Amit Pande, National Fellow, ICAR-DCFR Dr. R.S. Patiyal, Pr. Scientist, ICAR-DCFR Dr. S. Chandra, Pr. Scientist, ICAR-DCFR Shri S.K. Mallik, Scientist, ICAR-DCFR Dr. S.Ali, Scientist, ICAR-DCFR

iii O rGANIZING Committees

Food & Accommodation General maintenance Dr. R.S. Patiyal Sh. R.S. Negi Sh. Ritesh S.Tandel Sh. Ankesh Kr. Sinha Dr. Prakash Sharma Sh. S. Mohsin Ali Sh. Aadil H. Bhat Smt. Susheela Tewari Cultural committee Sh. J.C. Bhandari Dr. Neetu Shahi Sh. H.S. Bhandari Dr. Ciji A. Sh. R.K. Arya Dr. K.Victoria Sh. Sunder Lal Mrs. Pragyan Dash

Hall Arrangement Media & Publicity Dr. R.S. Haldar Dr. M.S. Akhtar Sh. Santosh Kumar Dr. Raghvendra Singh Sh. Amit Kr. Saxena Sh. Kishor Kunal Sh. Gopal Sh. Parvaiz A. Ganie Sh. Mangala Prasad Society Award Transportation Executive Committee CFSI Dr. Suresh Chandra Dr. D. Thakuria Institute Award Sh. Rajesh M. Dr. Amit Pande Sh. Siva C. Dr. N.N. Pandey Sh. Abhay Kr. Giri Dr. Suresh Chandra Sh. Arun Khulbe Sh. S.K. Mallik Sh. Baldev Singh Registration committee TA/DA Dr. Shahnawaz Ali Smt. K. Rawat Sh. S.K. Mallik Sh. J.C. Bhandari Sh. Santosh Kumar Sh. Pratap Singh Sh. R.K. Arya Smt. Munni Bhakt Sh. Partha Das Sh. H.S. Bhandari

iv FOREWORD

The ICAR-Directorate of Coldwater Fisheries Research, Bhimtal, a premier research institute of Indian Council of Agricultural Research for the coldwater fisheries and aquaculture in the country has undertaken comprehensive initiatives towards scientific management of fishery resources, safeguard of coldwater habitats and promotion of coldwater aquaculture for overall development of coldwater fisheries sector in the country. ICAR-DCFR, Bhimtal celebrates Annual Foundation Day on 24th September each year. On this special occasion, a two-days National Symposium on “Coldwater Fisheries Development in India: Innovative Approaches and the Way Forward for Enhancing Hill Farmers Income” being organized during 24-25 September 2019, the Directorate has taken up the effort to bring out an ‘Abstract Book’ in collaboration with Coldwater Fisheries Society of India, Bhimtal covering the aspects of Fisheries Resource Assessment and Management, Aquaculture, Fish Nutrition, Fish Health Management and Fish Biotechnology and Biochemistry. It is hoped that the proposed National Symposium would provide a suitable platform to the scientists, academicians, scholars, entrepreneurs, policy makers, farmers and other stakeholders to deliberate on all relevant issue of coldwater fisheries and aquaculture and come out with strategic action plans for coldwater fisheries development to newer heights. On behalf of ICAR-DCFR, and CFSI, I extend a warm, hearty welcome to all the participants of the symposium. I convey my sincere thanks and gratitude to Dr. T. Mohapatra, Secretary, DARE and Director General, ICAR New Delhi and Chief Patron of the seminar; Dr. J. K. Jena, DDG (Fisheries Science & Animal Science), ICAR New Delhi and Patron of the seminar; National Advisory Committee; Co-conveners, Organizing Secretaries; Organizing Committees for their valuable guidance, efforts and support in organizing the seminar. The financial support by different institutions and organizations is also gratefully acknowledged. I further take the opportunity to thank all benevolent contributors, participants and dignitaries to provide a multidimensional perspectives of the various developments taking place in the coldwater fisheries sector through the National Symposium. The enthusiastic support received from all of my colleagues is truly magnificent to bring out this publication in time with zeal. I wish the national Symposium a great success.

v vi LIST OF ABSTRACTS

S. ABSTRACT TITLE MODE OF PAGE No. CODE PRESENTATION NO. FISHERIES RESOURCE MANAGEMENT 1 FRM -01 FRESHWATER FISHES OF THE EASTERN HIMALAYA - A RICH LEAD TALK 1 RESOURCE OF COLDWATER FISHERY 2 FRM -02 PROSPECTS OF COLDWATER FISHERIES IN INDIA LEAD TALK 2 3 FRM -03 HIMALAYAN FISHERIES AND AQUACULTURE IN THE ERA LEAD TALK 3 OF CLIMATE CHANGE: SOME INSIGHT TO ENDEAVOR OUR FUTURE RESEARCH 4 FRM -04 GEOSPATIAL MAPPING OF TROUT POTENTIAL RESOURCES ORAL 4 IN TAWANG DISTRICT OF EASTERN HIMALAYAS USING GIS 5 FRM -05 PATTERNS IN THE DISTRIBUTION OF TROPHIC GUILDS OF ORAL 5 FISH: A TOOL FOR THE ASSESSMENT OF ECOLOGICAL INTEGRITY OF HIMALAYAN RIVERS 6 FRM -06 USEFULNESS OF MORPHOMETRIC AND MERISTIC ORAL 6 VARIATIONS IN DISCRIMINATING STOCKS OF ENDANGERED MAHSEER, TOR PUTITORA (HAMILTON, 1822) 7 FRM -07 LENGTH WEIGHT RELATIONSHIPS AND CONDITION ORAL 7 FACTORS OF SCHIZOTHORAX PLAGIOSTOMUS IN KAMENG RIVER, ARUNACHAL PRADESH 8 FRM -08 EFFICACY OF MACROINVERTEBRATE BASED BIOTIC ORAL 8 INDICES (BMWP, MWQI AND LIFE) ON LOTIC SECTIONS OF THE BHAGIRATHI RIVER IMPACTED BY HYDROELECTRIC PROJECTS 9 FRM -09 BIOLOGICAL DIVERSITY AND CONSERVATION ASPECT OF ORAL 9 PATNA BIRD SANCTUARY JALESAR, ETAH (U.P.) 10 FRM -10 DELINEATION OF AQUATIC ECOLOGICAL SYSTEMS AND ORAL 10 EVALUATING ICHTHYOFAUNAL DIVERSITY COUPLED WITH ENVIRONMENTAL VARIABILITY IN EASTERN HIMALAYAN TORRENTIAL RIVER, MURTI 11 FRM-11 ANALYZING ECOMORPHOLOGICAL PATTERNS DRIVING ORAL 11 DISPERSION OF HILL STREAM ICHTHYOFAUNA ACROSS ENVIRONMENTAL AND SPATIAL GRADIENTS TOWARDS EVALUATION OF POTENTIAL CONSERVATION SITES 12 FRM-12 PHYTOPALNKTON COMMUNITY OF KARANJA CREEK ORAL 12 13 FRM -13 A NEW SPECIES OF ARCTODIAPTOMUS KIEFER, 1932 ORAL 13 (COPEPODA, DIAPTOMIDAE) FROM THE CENTRAL HIMALAYA OF INDIA WITH COMMENTS

vii S. ABSTRACT TITLE MODE OF PAGE No. CODE PRESENTATION NO. 14 FRM -14 IMPACT OF PETROCHEMICAL EFFLUENT ON BLOOD ORAL 14 PARAMETERS IN THE FRESH WATER FISH BARILIUS BOLA (HAM.) IN DOON VALLEY, UTTARAKHAND 15 FRM -15 EFFECTS OF MICROPLASTIC IN PLANKTONIC COMMUNITY ORAL 15 16 FRM -16 INTEGRATION OF GIS AND MULTI CRITERIA DECISION POSTER 16 ANALYSIS FOR RAINBOW TROUT FARMING DEVELOPMENT IN DISTRICT SHIYOMI, ARUNACHAL PRADESH 17 FRM -17 SPATIAL ANALYSIS OF FISHERY RESOURCES OF LOWER POSTER 17 SUBANSIRI DISTRICT IN EASTERN HIMALAYAN REGION 18 FRM -18 LENGTH- WEIGHT RELATIONSHIP AND WELL BEING OF POSTER 18 RAINBOW TROUT IN BALKHILA STREAM OF UTTARAKHAND 19 FRM -19 NEW REVELATIONS ON THE EFFECT OF EARLY LIFE POSTER 19 THERMAL EXPOSURE ON MORPHOMETRIC ONTOGENY OF RAINBOW TROUT, ONCORHYNCHUS MYKISS 20 FRM -20 DISTRIBUTION AND COMPOSITION OF SNOW TROUT IN POSTER 20 SNOW-FED RIVERS OF ARUNACHAL PRADESH 21 FRM -21 MACROZOOBENTHOS OF FRESHWATER ECOSYSTEMS: AN POSTER 21 OVERVIEW 22 FRM -22 CONTAMINANTS OF AQUATIC HABITAT AND ADVANCEMENT POSTER 22 IN THEIR REMEDIAL PERSPECTIVES 23 FRM-23 SEASONAL VARIATION OF MACROBENTHIC ABUNDANCE IN POSTER 23 THE RIVER GANGA AT HARIDWAR: A CASE STUDY 24 FRM-24 DIVERSITY OF INDIGENOUS ORNAMENTAL FISH IN WAKL POSTER 24 RIVER SYSTEM OF SOUTHERN RAJASTHAN 25 FRM-25 STUDY OF WATER QUALITY AND PHYTOPLANKTON POSTER 25 COMMUNITY DURING ARTIFICIAL AERATION IN LAKE NAUKUCHIATAL, UTTARAKHAND 26 FRM-26 REPRODUCTIVE GONAD STUDY OF RAINBOW-TROUT POSTER 26 (ONCORHYNCHUS MYKISS) (WALBAUM) IN BALKHILA RIVER IN BAIRANGANA DISTRICT CHAMOLI, UTTARAKHAND 27 FRM-27 AN OVERVIEW ON ADAPTIVE TRENDS OF ANTARCTICA’S POSTER 27 FISHES 28 FRM-28 STUDY OF CARBON SEQUESTRATION IN SOIL OF SELECTED POSTER 28 GREEN BELTS IN THE NATIONAL CAPITAL REGION 29 FRM-29 CASE STUDIES ON FISHERIES RECORDED IN HALDIA POSTER 29 BLOCK (WEST BENGAL) AIDING IN RURAL LIVELIHOOD DEVELOPMENT OF THE FISH FARMERS 30 FRM-30 RESTORATION PLAN TO IMPROVE THE HEALTH OF RIVERS POSTER 30

viii S. ABSTRACT TITLE MODE OF PAGE No. CODE PRESENTATION NO. 31 FRM-31 A STUDY ON ECOSYSTEM INTEGRITY OF RIVER DIYUNG, POSTER 31 NORTH EASTERN HIMALAYAN REGION (DIMA HASAO DISTRICT, ASSAM) 32 FRM-32 HYDROBIOLOGICAL PROFILE OF RIVER KOPILI, CENTRAL POSTER 32 BRAHMAPUTRA VALLEY ZONE, ASSAM 33 FRM-33 A PRELIMINARY ASSESSMENT OF HYDROBIOLOGICAL POSTER 33 PROFILE OF RIVER DOYANG, NORTH EASTERN HIMALAYAN REGION (NAGALAND) 34 FRM-34 A STUDY ON A FEW SELECTED PHYSICO -CHEMICAL POSTER 34 PARAMETERS OF RIVER UMTREW IN MEGHALAYA AND ASSAM 35 FRM-35 ECOTOURISM THROUGH CONSERVATION OF MAHSEER POSTER 35 LINKING IN-SITU AND EX- SITU CONSERVATION AQUACULTURE 1 AQL-01 THRUST ON COLDWATER FISHERIES AND AQUACULTURE LEAD TALK 36 FOR NUTRITION AND LIVELIHOOD SECURITY OF THE HILL POPULATION 2 AQL-02 INDUCING CAPTIVE MATURITY AND BREEDING OF ORAL 37 ENDANGERED GOLDEN MAHSEER (TOR PUTITORA) THROUGH ENVIRONMENTAL MANIPULATIONS 3 AQL-03 EXOTICS AND GENETICALLY-MODIFIED FISHES: THREATS ORAL 38 TO CAPTURE AND CULTURE FISH DIVERSITY OF INDIA 4 AQL-04 SPAWN PROSPECTING: AN INNOVATIVE APPROACH FOR ORAL 39 CONSERVATION OF GOLDEN MAHSEER 5 AQL-05 FIRST RECORD OF NATURAL SPAWNING, BREEDING AND ORAL 40 SEED REARING OF CRITICALLY ENDANGER ENDEMIC FISH SPECIES FROM ASSAM GARRA ANNANDALEI IN AQUARIUM CONDITION 6 AQL-06 INTRA-ANNUAL CHANGES IN GONADAL MATURATION POSTER 41 AND ENDOCRINE CORRELATES OF MALE AND FEMALE HIMALAYAN SNOW TROUT, SCHIZOTHORAX RICHARDSONII (GRAY, 1832) 7 AQL-07 STUDY ON EXTRUSION OF SECOND POLAR BODY IN ORAL 42 DEVELOPING EMBRYO OF GOLDEN MAHSEER (TOR PUTITORA) FOR THE PURPOSE OF TRIPLOIDY INDUCTION 8 AQL-08 TRIPLOIDY INDUCTION IN RAINBOW TROUT BY PRESSURE ORAL 43 SHOCK: A BREAKTHROUGH IN INDIA 9 AQL-09 GROWTH AND SURVIVAL OF WILD MAHSEER (TOR TOR) ORAL 44 SEED UNDER EARTHEN POND CULTURE SYSTEM IN JABALPUR MADHYA PRADESH, INDIA

ix S. ABSTRACT TITLE MODE OF PAGE No. CODE PRESENTATION NO. 10 AQL-10 ORNAMENTAL FISHERIES SECTOR – A KEY FOR ENHANCING ORAL 45 INCOME OF SMALL AND MARGINAL FARMERS 11 AQL-11 GROWTH PERFORMANCE OF CARPS IN POLYHOUSE ORAL 46 COVERED FISH POLYTANKS AT HIGH ALTITUDE OF UTTARAKHAND 12 AQL-12 STATUS OF PANGUS (PANGASIANODON HYPOPHTHALMUS) ORAL 47 CULTURE IN CAGES IN RESERVOIRS OF INDIA 13 AQL-13 EXPLORING THE POTENTIAL OF PADDY CUM FISH CULTURE POSTER 48 IN BASAR, ARUNACHAL PRADESH 14 AQL-14 MANIPULATIONS OF PHOTOPERIOD AND TEMPERATURE POSTER 49 FOR CAPTIVE MATURATION CAN MODULATE IMMUNITY AND STRESS STATUS OF ENDANGERED GOLDEN MAHSEER (TOR PUTITORA) BROODERS 15 AQL-15 FIRST REPORT OF NATURAL SPAWNING OF STRIPPED POSTER 50 LOACH SCHISTURA OBLIQUOFASCIA IN CAPTIVITY 16 AQL-16 MULTIPLE NATURAL SPAWNING OF GOLDEN MAHSEER, TOR POSTER 51 PUTITORA (HAMILTON) IN CAPTIVE AQUARIUM CONDITION 17 AQL-17 MINOR CARPS FOR SMART FISH FARMING UNDER POSTER 52 POLYCULTURE IN MID HILL REGION 18 AQL-18 INDUCED BREEDING AND FINGERLING PRODUCTION OF POSTER 53 COMMON CARP (CYPRINUS CARPIO) IN AN INDIGENOUS RECIRCULATORY SYSTEM 19 AQL-19 POLYCULTURE OF COMMON CARP AND GRASS CARP POSTER 54 WITH STUNTED FINGERLINGS AT SUNKIYA VILLAGE IN UTTARAKHAND 20 AQL-20 GARRA GOTYLA (GRAY 1830):- A NEW CANDIDATE SPECIES POSTER 55 FOR ORNAMENTAL PURPOSE 21 AQL-21 DOMINANCE OF MALE SEX AND NON- SYNCHRONISATION POSTER 56 IN GONADAL MATURITY OF SNOW TROUT (SCHIZOTHORAX RICHARDSONII) 22 AQL-22 SEX WISE VARIATION IN HEMATOLOGICAL PARAMETERS POSTER 57 OF WILD STOCK OF SNOW TROUT (SCHIZOTHORAX RICHARDSONII) 23 AQL-23 OBSERVATIONS ON DEVELOPMENTAL ABNORMALITIES POSTER 58 IN EMBRYOS AND HATCHLINGS OF BLACK MAHSEER NAZIRITOR CHELYNOIDES (MC CLELLAND) A COLD WATER STREAM FISH

x S. ABSTRACT TITLE MODE OF PAGE No. CODE PRESENTATION NO. 24 AQL-24 SEXUAL DIMORPHISM CHARACTERS, BREEDING POSTER 59 TUBERCLES AND DOMINANCE COURTSHIP BEHAVIOUR OF MALE HILL TROUT (BARILIUS BENDELISIS) DURING THE SPAWNING PERIOD 25 AQL-25 POTENTIAL AND SCOPE OF COLD WATER FISHERIES POSTER 60 DEVELOPMENT TOWARDS THE LIVELIHOOD SECURITY OF THE INDIGENOUS TRIBAL COMMUNITY OF ARAKU VALLEY, ANDHRA PRADESH 26 AQL-26 PROBLEMS AND POSSIBLE SOLUTIONS FOR HILL FARMING POSTER 61 IN CHAMPAWAT DISTRICT OF UTTARAKHAND 27 AQL-27 IDEAL PHYSICOCHEMICAL PARAMETERS OF WATER FOR POSTER 62 FAIR WELL GROWTH OF MAHSEER 28 AQL-28 FISH SEED SUPPLY TRENDS DURING PRECEDING DECADE ORAL 63 AS AN INDICATOR FOR ADOPTION OF AQUACULTURE BY FARMERS IN HILLY REGION OF UTTARAKHAND FOR ENHANCING INCOME 29 AQL-29 THE PERSPECTIVE ON RESEARCH & DEVELOPMENT NEEDS ORAL 64 FOR MOUNTAIN AQUACULTURE IN ARUNACHAL PRADESH, INDIA 30 AQL-30 SPAWNING INDUCTION IN GARRA LAMTA AND CAPTIVE ORAL 65 REARING OF LARVAE 31 AQL-31 CAPTIVE REARING AND BREEDING OF LABEO PANGUSIA AT POSTER 66 NAMERI ECO CAMP ASSAM 32 AQL-32 EFFECT OF FISH SILAGE SUPPLEMENTED DIETS ON POSTER 67 GROWTH AND HEALTH STATUS OF PANGAS CATFISH, PANGASIANODON HYPOPHTHALMUS FINGERLINGS 33 AQL-33 ORNAMENTAL FISH AQUA GARDENING: AN START-UP POSTER 68 APPROACH TOWARDS LIVELIHOOD SECURITY OF MID HILL REGION PEOPLE FISH NUTRITION 1 FSN-01 STATUS OF FISH NUTRITION RESEARCH IN INDIA: A REVIEW LEAD TALK 69 2 FSN-02 ACUTE HIGH DOSE OF L- LYSINE AMINO ACID LEADS ORAL 70 DEGENERATIVE TOXIC EFFECTS ON KIDNEY, LIVER AND BLOOD IN ANIMALS – A LAB STUDY 3 FSN-03 GROWTH PERFORMANCE AND DIGESTIVE PHYSIOLOGY ORAL 71 OF AMUR CARP FINGERLINGS REARED IN BIOFLOC BASED ZERO WATER EXCHANGE SYSTEMS

xi S. ABSTRACT TITLE MODE OF PAGE No. CODE PRESENTATION NO. 4 FSN-04 COMPARATIVE EVALUATION OF AN ON-FARM PELLETED AND ORAL 72 COMMERCIALLY EXTRUDED STARTER FEED FOR NURSERY REARING OF RAINBOW TROUT FRY 5 FSN-05 EFFICACY OF AMLA (EMBLICA OFFICINALIS) IN ACHEIVING ORAL 73 BETTER GROWTH PERFORMANCE IN TERMS OF MUSCLE PROXIMATE COMPOSITION OF ROHU (LABEO ROHITA), GRASS CARP (CTENOPHARYNGODON IDELLA) & NAIN (CIRRHINUS MRIGALA) FINGERLINGS IN TARAI CONDITIONS OF UTTARAKHAND. 6 FSN-06 THE EFFECT OF VITAMIN C, ACHYRANTHES ASPERA AND ORAL 74 LEMNA MINOR INCORPORATED DIETS ON THE GROWTH, FATTY ACID AND AMINO ACID PROFILES OF SNOW TROUT SCHIZOTHORAX RICHARDSONII (GREY) FRY 7 FSN-07 FOOD AND FEEDING INTENSITY OF PETHIA CONCHONIUS POSTER 75 (HAMILTON, 1822) AND TRICHOGASTER FASCIATA BLOCH & SCHNEIDER, 1801 8 FSN-08 EFFECT OF PROBIOTICS SUPPLEMENTATION ON GROWTH POSTER 76 PERFORMANCE OF INDIAN MAJOR CARP, CATLA CATLA 9 FSN-09 DIETARY METHIONINE REQUIREMENT OF FINGERLING POSTER 77 CHANNA PUNCTATUS BASED ON GROWTH, CONVERSION EFFICIENCY AND BODY COMPOSITION 10 FSN-10 EFFECTS OF VARIOUS RATIOS OF FISH AND SESAME OIL POSTER 78 ON GROWTH, CONVERSION EFFICIENCY AND CARCASS COMPOSITION OF FINGERLING INDIAN MAJOR CARP, LABEO ROHITA (HAMILTON, 1822) 11 FSN-11 GROWTH, NET YIELD AND WHOLE BODY COMPOSITION POSTER 79 OF SPERATA SEENGHALA FINGERLINGS FED ON CHICKEN VISCERA MEAL BASED DIETS AS A POTENTIAL FEED SOURCE FISH HEALTH MANAGEMENT 1 FHM-01 ANTIMICROBIAL RESISTANCE (AMR) MICROBES IN AQUA- LEAD TALK 80 SYSTEMS: POSSIBLE IMPACT ON PUBLIC HEALTH 2 FHM-02 FISH DISEASE PREVALENCE STATUS IN FRESHWATER LEAD TALK 81 AQUACULTURE IN INDIA 3 FHM-03 DIAGNOSIS OF VIRAL DISEASES-DEVELOPMENT OF ALL OR ORAL 82 NONE TEST FOR DETECTION OF FISH VIRUSES 4 FHM-04 DETECTION OF VIBRIO ANGUILLARUM IN CAPTIVE REARED ORAL 83 GOLDEN MAHSEER, TOR PUTITORA (HAMILTON 1822) FROM TEMPERATE REGION OF UTTARAKHAND, INDIA

xii S. ABSTRACT TITLE MODE OF PAGE No. CODE PRESENTATION NO. 5 FHM-05 PLANT EXTRACTS AS ALTERNATIVES TO ANTIBIOTICS FOR ORAL 85 SUSTAINABLE AQUACULTURE PRODUCTION 6 FHM-06 A REVIEW OF QUALITY OF WATER AND FISH DISEASES ORAL 86 7 FHM-07 ANTIMICROBIAL DRUG RESISTANCE PATTERN AND ORAL 88 EXTENDED-SPECTRUM BETA-LACTAMASE DETECTION IN ESCHERICHIA COLI ISOLATED FROM FISH FARMS IN WESTERN AND CENTRAL HIMALAYAN REGION, INDIA 8 FHM-08 ISOLATION OF FLAVOBACTERIUM COLUMNARE, A FISH ORAL 89 PATHOGEN FROM GILL LESION OF FARMED RAINBOW TROUT, ONCORHYCHUS MYKISS IN TEMPERATE HIMALAYAN REGION OF NORTHERN INDIA 9 FHM-09 HISTOPATHOLOGICAL ALTERATIONS IN THE EPIDERMIS OF POSTER 90 THE CARP, LABEO ROHITA, INFECTED WITH THE BACTERIA, AEROMONAS HYDROPHILA 10 FHM-10 PREVALENCE AND ANTIMICROBIAL RESISTANCE OF POSTER 91 ENTEROCOCCUS SPP. ISOLATED FROM RAINBOW TROUT FARMS IN WESTERN HIMALAYAN REGION (WHR), INDIA 11 FHM-11 MUCOSAL IMMUNE AND OXIDATIVE STRESS RESPONSE POSTER 92 OF AN INDIAN MAJOR CARP, CIRRHINUS MRIGALA TO EDWARDSIELLA TARDA CHALLENGE 12 FHM-12 MORPHOMETRIC AND MOLECULAR CHARACTERIZATION OF POSTER 93 ARGULUS SP. FROM ENDANGERED GOLDEN MAHSEER, TOR PUTITORA 13 FHM-13 EFFECTS OF THYMUS LINEARIS LEAF EXTRACT ON NON- POSTER 94 SPECIFIC IMMUNE RESPONSES AND DISEASE RESISTANCE OF GOLDEN MAHSEER (TOR PUTITORA) AGAINST SAPROLEGNIA PARASITICA 14 FHM-14 DOSE OPTIMIZATION OF OXYTETRACYCLINE ORAL THERAPY POSTER 95 AGAINST AEROMONAS HYDROPHILA INFECTION IN RAINBOW TROUT, ONCORHYNCHUS MYKISS (WALBAUM, 1792) 15 FHM-15 EVALUATION OF OXYTETRACYCLINE BATH THERAPY IN POSTER 96 RAINBOW TROUT FRY EXPERIMENTALLY INFECTED WITH AEROMONAS HYDROPHILA 16 FHM-16 TOXIC CHRONIC IMPACT OF CARBOFURAN PESTICIDE ON POSTER 97 BEHAVIORAL CHANGES IN FRESH WATER FISH SPECIES, CYPRINUS CARPIO VAR. COMMUNIS (LINNEAUS, 1758) 17 FHM-17 OCCURRENCE OF ANTIMICROBIAL RESISTANT AEROMONAS POSTER 98 SPP. IN FISH FARMS OF WESTERN AND CENTRAL HIMALAYAN REGION, INDIA

xiii S. ABSTRACT TITLE MODE OF PAGE No. CODE PRESENTATION NO. FISH BIOTECHNOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY 1 FBB-01 COMPARATIVE TRANSCRIPTOME ANALYSIS REVEALS ORAL 99 DIFFERENTIALLY EXPRESSED GENES IN BRAIN OF WILD MALE AND FEMALE GOLDEN MAHSEER, TOR PUTITORA (HAMILTON, 1822) DURING SEXUAL MATURITY 2 FBB-02 EVALUATION OF SEMEN CHARACTERISTICS AND EXTENDERS ORAL 100 COMPETENCY DURING REFRIGERATED STORAGE OF SNOWTROUT (SCHIZOTHORAX RICHARDSONII) SEMEN 3 FBB-03 ISOLATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF CYP19 GENES OF ORAL 101 SNOW TROUT, SCHIZOTHORAX RICHARDSONII 4 FBB-04 DOES SEASON AFFECT FATTY ACID PROFILE IN MALE AND ORAL 102 FEMALE FISH DIFFERENTLY? THE CASE STUDY IN GOLDEN MAHSEER (TOR PUTITORA) REVEALS AN INTERESTING INSIGHT STORY 5 FBB-05 MOLECULAR CHARACTERIZATION OF STRESS INDUCED POSTER 103 PHOSPHOPROTEIN (OMSTIP1) MRNA IN RAINBOW TROUT, ONCORHYNCHUS MYKISS 6 FBB-06 COMPLETE SEQUENCE AND CHARACTERIZATION OF THE POSTER 104 CYPRINION SEMIPLOTUM MITOCHONDRIAL GENOME AND ITS PHYLOGENETIC IMPLICATIONS 7 FBB-07 MOLECULAR CHARACTERIZATION AND IN SILICO ANALYSIS POSTER 105 OF INTERLEUKIN 10 (IL-10) GENE IN GOLDEN MAHSEER, TOR PUTITORA 8 FBB-08 DEVELOPMENT AND CHARACTERIZATION OF SSR MARKERS POSTER 106 IN NEOLISSOCHILUS HEXAGONOLEPIS (MACCLEND 1839), USING NEXT GENERATION SEQUENCING 9 FBB-09 EPIDERMAL PLASTICITY IN SKIN OF A HILL STREAM FISH POSTER 107 HARA HARA 10 FBB-10 GENOME EDITING: AN EMERGING TOOL IN THE ORAL 108 ADVANCEMENT OF AQUACULTURE

xiv National Symposium on “Coldwater Fisheries Development in India: Innovative Approaches and Way Forward for Enhancing Hill Farmers Income”

(FRM-01) FRESHWATER FISHES OF THE EASTERN HIMALAYA - A RICH RESOURCE OF COLDWATER FISHERY

W. Vishwanath Department of Life Sciences, Manipur University, Manipur

ABSTRACT Eastern Himalaya is a geographical region lying between 82°43’ and 100°19’ and 21°57’and 29°26’ and covering an area of 524,190 sq. km. It extends from the central Nepal to western parts of Yunnan in China in the east through southeastern Tibet, Bhutan, northern Bengal, northeastern India and northern Myanmar. The region, drained by several river drainages, viz., the Ganga, Teesta, Brahmaputra, Barak-Surma-Meghna, Kaladan and Chindwin-Irrawaddy is identified as a freshwater biodiversity hotspot. It covers six ecoregions, viz., the Ganga Delta and Plain, Ganga Himalayan Foothills, Upper Brahmaputra, Middle Brahmaputra, Chin Hills- Arakan Coast and the Sittang-Irrawaddy. Eastern Himalaya is the home to more than 550 species of fishes under about 40 families of which 75 per cent are cold water species, either stenothermal of eurythermal. IUCN in 2010 declared 5 species as critically endangered, 15 endangered, 40 vulnerable and about 30 near threatened. Family Cyprinidae which represents the highest number of species includes highly valued ornamental danionins, barilines, rasboras and valued food fishes, viz., Bangana, Chagunius, Labeo, Neolissochilus, Osteobrama, Poropuntius and Raiamas. Family Nemacheilidae, Botiidae, Cobitidae, Channidae etc include several ornamental fishes. In addition, there are several other families which include food as well as aquarium fishes. There is huge scope for developing cold water fishery in the eastern Himalaya using extensive as well as intensive culture techniques which will boost the fish production, increase occupational avenues and also conserve the habitats. Research and training in this regard may be given great attention.

1 National Symposium on “Coldwater Fisheries Development in India: Innovative Approaches and Way Forward for Enhancing Hill Farmers Income”

(FRM-02) PROSPECTS OF COLDWATER FISHERIES IN INDIA

Arun S. Ninawe Department of Biotechnology, New Delhi

ABSTRACT India is bestowed with a copious volume of inland coldwater resources in the form of hill streams, rivers, lakes and reservoirs across the Indian Himalayan region and peninsular upland regions. This approximately includes 8243 km long streams and rivers, 20500 ha of natural lakes, 50000 ha of reservoirs (both natural and manmade) and 2500 ha of high altitude brackish water lakes. The aquatic living resources that inhabits these coldwater bodies has distinct biological characteristics, with thermal preference ranging from 10-20OC. Around 258 fish species is said to be distributed in the Himalayan and peninsular region of the country, but only few of them are presently exploited for their nutritional, commercial or recreational values. This includes introduced fishes such as rainbow trout, brown trout and common carp, as well as indigenous fishes like mahseer, snow trout and few minor carps. The exploitation of these fishery resources in the Indian upland regions mainly happens in the form of subsistence fisheries by the local populace. Fish production through culture practices is also gaining attention as a source of livelihood and food security. However, the total fish production from upland areas contributes only 3% of the total inland fish production of India. This can be attributed to a combination of several factors such as slow growth rate and low fecundity in majority of these fish species, low productivity of upland waters, uneven geographical terrains, poor marketing channels and frequent climate vagaries. Nevertheless, the sustainable utilization of coldwater fish resources is assuming greater importance. A complete genetic repository of the inhabitant fishes is essential for sustainable and planned utilization of the endemic fishery resources. Documenting the spatial and temporal changes in the coldwater aquatic ecosystems and biology of inhabitant fishes will ease in understanding the impact of climate change on the native coldwater fish species. Promotion of coldwater fisheries based ecotourism and ecosystem services is another strategy in conservation of fish biodiversity. Furthermore, the generation of geographical information system (GIS) will be of practical significance for selection of suitable aquaculture sites and decision support system. Species diversification with high valued fishes in upland fish farming and their further development of proper domestic marketing channels is essential for higher production. Propagation and utilization of the endemic fish species with ornamental value will provide new livelihood opportunities in the Indian uplands. For all these aspects, the contribution of ICAR-Directorate of Coldwater Fisheries Research through its various research and extension activities will be crucial. Moreover, the Directorate’s linkages with fisheries departments of hill states, other agricultural universities, ICAR research institutes, NGOs and central agencies such as such as National Fisheries Development Board and Department of Biotechnology will facilitate appropriate implementation of strategic plans for sustainable fishery management and increased aquaculture production for income and food security in remote hilly regions.

2 National Symposium on “Coldwater Fisheries Development in India: Innovative Approaches and Way Forward for Enhancing Hill Farmers Income”

(FRM-03) HIMALAYAN FISHERIES AND AQUACULTURE IN THE ERA OF CLIMATE CHANGE: SOME INSIGHT TO ENDEAVOR OUR FUTURE RESEARCH

A. K. Singh

ICAR-National Bureau of Fish Genetic Resources, Canal Ring Road, Dilkusha, Lucknow-226002, Uttar Pradesh, India Corresponding author: [email protected]

ABSTRACT Fish is known as one of the most efficient converters of feed into high quality food and its carbon footprint is lower compared to any other animal production systems. Through fisheries and aquaculture there is substantial contribution to the income and food security in the Himalayan region. So far technological and institutional support ensured combined production of fish through fisheries and aquaculture in the Himalayan region. Now climate change on fish and fisheries will result into changes in biological and abiotic components and anthropogenic changes. Consequently the vulnerability of Himalayan fisheries and aquaculture to climate change and anthropogenic stresses bring up potential responses to work out mitigation requirements. Ecosystem-based adaptation (EbA) is an increasingly popular strategy being adopted for addressing the linked challenges of climate change and poverty in Himalayan ecosystem, where dependence on natural resources for lives and livelihoods is high. Some of the climate-driven shifts and changes are discussed for endeavoring scientific solutions and sustaining the Himalayan fisheries and aquaculture. It is important to generate scientific data on genetic diversity, ecological processes such as primary productivity, population recovery from disturbance, interspecific competition, community structure, and fluxes of energy and nutrients for managing our resources effectively. It is proposed that a cooperation framework for multiple uses of water for irrigation, energy, navigation, fisheries, and domestic uses and also for appropriate benefit sharing should be promoted on sustainable basis. Further, knowledge and understanding of the dynamics of the food, water, and energy and the possible areas of trade-offs and synergies should be broadened through support integrated modeling research.

Keywords: Climate; fish species distribution, sex ratio, gonadal disruption; molecular biomarkers

3 National Symposium on “Coldwater Fisheries Development in India: Innovative Approaches and Way Forward for Enhancing Hill Farmers Income”

(FRM-04) GEOSPATIAL MAPPING OF TROUT POTENTIAL RESOURCES IN TAWANG DISTRICT OF EASTERN HIMALAYAS USING GIS

Deepjyoti Baruah*, Ravindra Posti, Parvaiz A. Ganie and Kishor Kunal

ICAR-Directorate of Coldwater Fisheries Research, Bhimtal-263136, Nainital, Uttarakhand *Corresponding author: [email protected]

ABSTRACT The Tawang district of Arunachal Pradesh is situated between latitude 27° 45’ N and longitude 90° 15’ E in the Eastern Himalayas bordering South Tibet in the north and Bhutan in the east and encompasses an area of approximately 2364.62 km2. The district located within the higher mountain zone gives rise to numerous perennial river valleys, high altitudinal lakes and home to indigenous and exotic trout of economic importance. Spatial assessment of these aquatic resources and understanding the range of land use pattern affecting their distribution support to the decision context in framing strategies and developing action plans for trout fisheries improvement in this hill locked district of Arunachal Pradesh. The basic morphometry of the aquatic resources reveals that the Tawang Chu and Nyamjang Chu are the two major river drainage systems and flows a distance of 85 km and 43 km having stream frequency of sixth and fifth order respectively. The first order streams accounts 2084 in numbers and flows for a total length of 1434.10 km followed by second-order (899 numbers, 627.19 km length), third-order (170 numbers, 30.12 km), fourth order (29 numbers, 202.23 km), fifth-order (6 number, 79.14 km) and sixth-order (1 number, 40.53 km). The upland lakes are 495 in numbers and covers an area of 1554.43 ha. The average size of the upland lakes under the altitudinal regime of 5000-6000m MSL (4.24%) is 7.02±12.38 ha; under 4000-5000m MSL (92.32%) is 2.87±5.29 ha and under 3000-4000m MSL (3.43%) is 3.21±2.87 ha. The minimum and maximum size of these upland lakes is 0.03 ha and 64.65 ha respectively. The road buffer analysis showed 237 numbers of the upland lakes covering 554.80 ha area are within the range of 0-1 km, 182 upland lakes covering 694.42 ha within 1-3 km and 76 numbers of upland lakes covering 302.22 ha withing 3-5 km. Eight categories of Land Use Land Cover (LULC) were classified for the district where snow area covers 41.13 % of the total area followed with forest cover (36.82%), wasteland (17.58%), shifting cultivation (2.34%), human habitation (1.23%) and agricultural land, grassland, water bodies below 1%. The slope class developed from Digital Elevation Model( DEM) shows 25.06% of the total geographic area falls under 0-20 degree slope class as compared to slope class 20-40 degree (56.28% area) and the slope class 40-78 degree (18.66% area). Furthermore, it can be inferred from DEM that the elevation class ranging from below 4000-5000m encompasses 44.51% of the total geographic area and can provide suitable sites for undertaking trout farming activities provided the other conditions are conducive as compared to 47.37% area below 4000m elevation. Based on these selected input feature classes superimposed in the spatial analyst ArcGIS v 10.7, the high potentiality for trout fish farming covers an area of 23.64 km2 in the slope range of 0-10 degree and moderate suitability in an area of 107.19 km2 within the slope range of 10-20 degree in the district of Tawang. Keywords: Trout, Eastern Himalayas, spatial, resources and coldwater

4 National Symposium on “Coldwater Fisheries Development in India: Innovative Approaches and Way Forward for Enhancing Hill Farmers Income”

(FRM-05) PATTERNS IN THE DISTRIBUTION OF TROPHIC GUILDS OF FISH: A TOOL FOR THE ASSESSMENT OF ECOLOGICAL INTEGRITY OF HIMALAYAN RIVERS

Shahnawaz Ali1*, N.N. Pandey1 and Prem Kumar2

1ICAR-Directorate of Coldwater Fisheries Research, Bhimtal, Nainital-263136, Uttarakhand 2Fisheries Science Division, KAB-II, Indian Council of Agricultural Research, New Delhi. *Corresponding author: [email protected]

ABSTRACT The community structure in a riverine ecosystem vary on a spatial and temporal scale as a result of differences in habitat structure and resource availability. Fish community structure changes along the stream gradient due to addition or replacement of species occupying the same niche as a gradual species turnover. Therefore, understanding the ecological fish guilds is helpful in determining fish zonation along the stream gradients, which also enhances our predictive abilities in ecological studies and resource management. The quantitative data on species were collected from different sites along the stream gradients in the river Western Ramganga, one of the principal rivers from the Shiwaliks of Western Himalayas. Data on feeding habit of sampled fish species were also collected for interpretation of distribution pattern of trophic guilds. These guilds have broadly categorized into three major divisions – carnivore (C), herbivore (H) and omnivore (O). Substrate types found at each sampling sites were divided into different categories as bedrocks and boulders; pebbles and gravels; and sand and silt. The pattern of the trophic guild structure of fish communities along the river gradient was compared based on the available qualitative data on feeding habits of fishes. The proportions of each trophic guild in the upstream and downstream zone were calculated. Preliminary analysis in relation to changes in trophic guilds showed a marked shift in their relative proportion between the zones with a higher abundance of omnivores in the upstream and predominance of carnivore and herbivore in downstream zone. The shift in trophic guilds might be due to greater availability of ecological niches at downstream that supports diversity of trophic level. This is also associated with increase in living space and habitat heterogeneity towards downstream zone. Any deviation in the structure of the fish communities and feeding guilds in the river can be an important reference for the assessment and restoration of the ecological integrity of that same river.

Keywords: Western Ramganga; altitudinal gradient; trophic guild; habitat heterogeneity

5 National Symposium on “Coldwater Fisheries Development in India: Innovative Approaches and Way Forward for Enhancing Hill Farmers Income”

(FRM-06) USEFULNESS OF MORPHOMETRIC AND MERISTIC VARIATIONS IN DISCRIMINATING STOCKS OF ENDANGERED MAHSEER, TOR PUTITORA (HAMILTON, 1822)

Yogesh Kumar Rawal1*, Priyanka Rani1 and Inder Pal Singh Sidhu2

1Fish and Fisheries Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Panjab University, Sector-14, Chandigarh 2Sri Guru Gobind Singh College, Sector-26, Chandigarh Corresponding author: [email protected], [email protected] Phone: 9876096196, 9815616320

ABSTRACT An understanding of the stock is a basic requirement for the management of the fishery resources. The present study has been conducted on the endangered mahseer, Tor putitora, a commercially freshwater cyprinid, distributed extensively in the foothills of Himalayas to delineate its stocks from two rivers, Satluj and Yamuna in Himachal Pradesh using multivariate statistical tools. A total of 75 specimens were collected from both the rivers. 7 meristic and 24 morphometric characteristics were recorded for each specimen. The standardized data was subjected to a principal component analysis (PCA) and discriminant function analysis (DFA). Upon PCA, the first three principal components accounted for 69.91 % of total variance in head parameters whereas for total length, the first 5 principal components accounted for 73.16% of total variance. The step-wise DFA retained only one variable showing highest variation in eye diameter (ED), length of maxillary barbel (LMB), head length (HL), post orbital distance (POD), head depth (HD) and inter orbital distance (IOD) clearing discriminating the two populations. With respect to total length, standard length (SL), length of caudal fin (LCF), distance between pelvic and anal fin (DPA), distance between pectoral and pelvic fin (DPP), length of caudal peduncle (LPD) discriminated the population of two localities.

Keywords: Tor putitora, Morphometric and Meristic characters, PCA, DFA

6 National Symposium on “Coldwater Fisheries Development in India: Innovative Approaches and Way Forward for Enhancing Hill Farmers Income”

(FRM-07) LENGTH WEIGHT RELATIONSHIPS AND CONDITION FACTORS OF SCHIZOTHORAX PLAGIOSTOMUS IN KAMENG RIVER, ARUNACHAL PRADESH

Kishor Kunal1*, Garima2, Deepjyoti Baruah1, Parvaiz Ahmad Ganie1

1ICAR-Directorate of Coldwater Fisheries Research, Bhimtal 2ICAR-Central Institute of Fisheries Education, Mumbai Corresponding author: [email protected]

ABSTRACT Length-weight relationships (LWR) and condition factors were calculated for Schizothorax plagiostomus species. Samples were collected from selected stretch of Kameng River (Arunachal Pradesh) with the help of local available gears. A total of 102 specimens were measured during present study. Maximum length and weight observed were 29.6 mm and 236 g respectively. Minimum length and weight observed were 9.8 mm and 7.5 g respectively. The growth coefficient (b) values was in the range of 3.0379 to 3.1352 which shows the isometric growth pattern. Combined Fulton’s condition factor (K) value for male and female ranged between 0.7171 to 1.0162. K measures the deviation of an individual from a hypothetical fish. Value of K higher than 1 represents healthy condition of fish individuals. Combined relative condition factor (Kn) for male and female was found 0.7762 to 1.2960. Kn measures the deviation of an individual from an theoretically expected weight at a specific length. Value of Kn higher than 1 shows the good environmental condition prevails in river or less pollution.

Keywords: Schizothorax, plagiostomus, length-weight relationship, condition factor

7 National Symposium on “Coldwater Fisheries Development in India: Innovative Approaches and Way Forward for Enhancing Hill Farmers Income”

(FRM-08) EFFICACY OF MACROINVERTEBRATE BASED BIOTIC INDICES (BMWP, MWQI AND LIFE) ON LOTIC SECTIONS OF THE BHAGIRATHI RIVER IMPACTED BY HYDROELECTRIC PROJECTS

Sandeep Kumar* and Prakash Nautiyal

Aquatic Biodiversity Unit, Department of Zoology and Biotechnology HNB Garhwal University, Srinagar, 246174, Uttarakhand *Corresponding author: [email protected]

ABSTRACT Many macroinvertebrate based biotic indices have been developed in different countries to measure the health of, and stress on the riverine ecosystem. In the present work, we applied three biotic indices viz. BMWP (Biological Monitoring Working Party), LIFE (Lotic-invertebrate Index for Flow Evaluation) and MWQI (Macroinvertebrate water quality index) to assess lotic stretches of Bhagirathi river impacted by a series of four Hydroelectic projects (HEP’s). Macroinvertebrate samples were collected from six stations (S1 to S6) at the monthly interval by Kick net sampling. Identification was done as per index requirement (family level) and counts were made for each taxon. BMWP score indicated good water quality at S1 (reference station), S2 and S5, moderately polluted at S4 and poor/ polluted at S6. MWQI indicated good but some organic pollution at S1, poor and very significant pollution at S2, high organic pollution at S3, poor to fair at S4 and S5 and severe pollution at S6, which seems unrealistic. LIFE score predicted slow to sluggish flow at S2, S4 and S5 as these stations lie below the diversion while slow to moderate and moderate to fast flow at S3 and S1 respectively. BMWP and MWQI results coincide only for S1 and S3. BMWP and MWQI need to be adapted for assessing pollution in rivers impacted by HEP’s vis-à-vis disrupted continuum. Apart from reflecting the water quality, benthic macroinvertebrates are primary consumers in the food chain and hence play an important role in the ecosystem function, which probably needs to be incorporated in these indices, especially BMWP.

Keywords: Bhagirathi, Hydroelectric projects, BMWP, MWQI, LIFE

8 National Symposium on “Coldwater Fisheries Development in India: Innovative Approaches and Way Forward for Enhancing Hill Farmers Income”

(FRM-09) BIOLOGICAL DIVERSITY AND CONSERVATION ASPECT OF PATNA BIRD SANCTUARY JALESAR, ETAH (U.P.)

S. Kumar

P.G. Department of Zoology, Bareilly College Bareilly (U.P.) Corresponding author: [email protected]

ABSTRACT Patna Bird Sanctuary is located at Jalesar in the Etah district of U.P. It is spread in 108 hectares and has been declared as a Bird Sanctuay in 1991. Patna jheel is a typical rain fed wetland of Gangtic plain. It receives most of its water from north-west monsoon and some water from different nallas entering into jheel. Physico-chemical and biological characteristics of lake were studied during April 2013 to March 2014, to correlate the abundance of different flora and fauna. Study revealed richness in phosphate and nitrate. The main source of this richness in the lake has been traced out due to washing, bathing, agricultural activities and cultivation of trapa and growth of macrophytes. The jheel was marked with date trees (Phoenix sylvestrix) and harbours about 2,00,000 birds belonging to over 200 different species. The border of jheel has been surrounded by Ipomea carnea tracts, serving good nesting ground for resident birds. Macrophytes comprising of submerged (Hydrilla verticillata, Ceratophyllum demersum, Vallisnaria spiralis, Potamogeton crispus and Najas), free floating (Salvinia, Azolla Wolffia and Eichhornia) and rooted floated (Nymphoides cristata and N. indica). In some parts Ipomea aquatica were also observed.

9 National Symposium on “Coldwater Fisheries Development in India: Innovative Approaches and Way Forward for Enhancing Hill Farmers Income”

(FRM-10) DELINEATION OF AQUATIC ECOLOGICAL SYSTEMS AND EVALUATING ICHTHYOFAUNAL DIVERSITY COUPLED WITH ENVIRONMENTAL VARIABILITY IN EASTERN HIMALAYAN TORRENTIAL RIVER, MURTI

Soumyadip Panja, Anupam Podder and Sumit Homechaudhuri*

Aquatic Bio resource Research Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of Calcutta *Corresponding author: [email protected], [email protected]

ABSTRACT The biodiversity hotspot region of the Eastern Himalayas consists of a vast freshwater network enriched with freshwater species diversity. Based on primary and secondary abundance data of Ichthyofaunal assemblages from seven rivers(Murti River, Teesta River, Torsha, Kalijani, Dharala, Jaldhaka, Gadadhar) belonging to North Bengal & Sikkim Himalayas,this study aims to predict two beta diversity components i.e. Nestedness and Turnover using eight relevant climatic variables of the rivers of Sikkim-North Bengal freshwater network. The Teesta-Murti- Jaldhaka tributary network has come out as significant freshwater network with uniquely nested pool of species and lower replacement. Following increased rate of urbanization, habitat degradation andchanging climate, these water reaches are most likely to get impacted at a faster rate as compared to the large-scale rivers. Therefore, our study furtheraims to explore a representative river of the delineated region, since river Murti is characterized by a strong altitudinalgradient and a varied watershed area,attempts have been made to demarcate out Aquatic Ecological System in atop down approach for subsequent analysis. Further assessment has been conducted for Ichthyofaunal diversitystatus (Shannon’s Index, Species Evenness & Richness) and their temporal variability to prioritize AES of mostconcern. Three AES have been identified along this river in which β diversity turnover component is active along thealtitudinal gradient. In this river 41 species (with species belonging to 4 Near Threatened, 8 Vulnerable and 1 Endangered) are found. O/E50 evaluation of diversity status has successfully delineated AES1with majorly“Impaired” status which ensures its status it in terms of species conservation. 11 major environmental drivers from this river has been listed controlling speciesassemblage pattern in these AES out of which Altitude, Substrate Coarseness, River morphologies and ShelterAvailability were found to be strongly associated as per the model. They are also found to be strongly correlated with“basin pressure”, suggesting that change in anthropogenic disturbances might play a significant role towards thegradual shifting of environmental frame resulting in the modulation of species assemblages.

10 National Symposium on “Coldwater Fisheries Development in India: Innovative Approaches and Way Forward for Enhancing Hill Farmers Income”

(FRM-11) ANALYZING ECOMORPHOLOGICAL PATTERNS DRIVING DISPERSION OF HILL STREAM ICHTHYOFAUNA ACROSS ENVIRONMENTAL AND SPATIAL GRADIENTS TOWARDS EVALUATION OF POTENTIAL CONSERVATION SITES

Anupam Podder, Soumyadip Panja1 and Sumit Homechaudhuri1*

1Aquatic Bioresource Research Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of Calcutta, 35, Ballygunge Circular Road, Kolkata–700019, West Bengal, India. Corresponding author: [email protected], Telephone No.: +91-9830392284

ABSTRACT Being a functionally linked ecosystem, a river changes constantly in its ecological functions as it moves downstream and can truly be understood as a continuum. The nature of biological communities changes along with the downstream direction with the changing biological and chemical processes directly corresponding with the physical attributes. Trade-offs among functional traits gives rise to diverse strategies, ranging from morphological to reproductive. These “multi-trait” strategies are responsible for shaping interactions between the species and the environment. Although stream fish communities vary along stream size gradients and among hierarchically structured habitat patches, little is known about the dispersion of morphological strategies varying along environmental gradients and across spatial scales. The present study was carried out on the ichthyofaunal species in an Eastern Himalayan torrential river, Murti, across an altitudinal gradient.We tested for variation in strategy dispersion along a gradient of stream size and between headwater streams draining different ecoregions. Strategies were generally underdispersed at all spatial scales, corroborating the longstanding notion of abiotic filtering in stream fish communities. Results from models of our study found trophic guilds such as algaevory, herbivory and frutivory being predominant in the upstream stretches with omnivory and carnivory dominating the downstream stretches. This suggested feeding strategies becoming increasingly dispersed with the environmental filters associated with stream size, indeed affecting the dispersion of feeding.Moreover, based on classification (LDA) and redundancy (RDA) analysis,specific morphological features were found to distinctly correlate with the respective feeding guilds, suggesting the fact that morphologies of coexisting species sharing a common trophic niche are molded in a similar way even though they are phylogenetically unrelated. Concurrently, models also showed interconnection between feeding niche and the available stream biota with the former being dependent and restricted by the latter whose distribution is important for stream integrity thereby making their preservation a necessary approach in conserving stream integrity in the future. Given the pervasiveness of multi-trait strategies in aquatic communities, we conclude that the assessment of strategy dispersion offers a comprehensive approach for elucidating mechanisms of community assembly.

11 National Symposium on “Coldwater Fisheries Development in India: Innovative Approaches and Way Forward for Enhancing Hill Farmers Income”

(FRM-12) PHYTOPLANKTON COMMUNITY OF KARANJA CREEK

Garima*, A. K. Jaiswar, A.T. Landge and G. Deshmukhe

Central Institute of Fisheries Education, ICAR Yari Road Campus, Andheri (W), Mumbai-61, Maharashtra, India *Corresponding author: [email protected]

ABSTRACT The coastal belt comprises of a wide range of ecosystem extending from beaches and mangrove to coral reefs. Under the biodiversity study of aquatic ecosystem total 56 genera of phytoplankton were observed among which most dominant was diatoms followed by dinoflagellates and blue green algae. Dominant diatoms were Coscinodiscus, Skeletonema, Navicula, Gyrosigma, Pleurosigma, Biddulphia and Ditylum dominant dinoflagellates were Ceratium, Peridinium and Prorocentrum and blue green algae found was Phormidium. Bloom of Skeletonema coastatum and Noctulica scinttilans bloom was observed in post monsoon season in outer and inner part of creek. Maximum diversity (above 3) was observed in outer part of creek where the tidal influence was maximum. Dominance of dinoflagellates was higher in inner part of creek where water was relatively calm. Blue green algae was found in the months of monsoon when high runoff occurred from surroundings. In April month effect of upwelling was seen in terms of more number of phytoplankton.

Keywords: phytoplankton, Karanja creek, upwelling

12 National Symposium on “Coldwater Fisheries Development in India: Innovative Approaches and Way Forward for Enhancing Hill Farmers Income”

(FRM-13) A NEW SPECIES OF ARCTODIAPTOMUS KIEFER, 1932 (COPEPODA, DIAPTOMIDAE) FROM THE CENTRAL HIMALAYA OF INDIA WITH COMMENTS

Shaikhom Inaotombi1* and Debajit Sarma2

1,2Environmental Fish Biology and Nutrient Profiling Lab., ICAR-Directorate of Coldwater Fisheries Research, Bhimtal– 263136, Nainital Uttarakhand, India *Corresponding author: [email protected]

ABSTRACT A new species of freshwater copepod, Arctodiaptomus from a high altitude lake of central Himalaya is described. The male of the undescribed species differs from their congeners by presence of strong comb shape spine at the antepenultimate segment of right antennules. Anal somite of the female urosome is very long. Basis of the fifth right leg in male species has butterfly like hyaline membrane attached to the inner lateral side and a strong stout spinous processes at inner distant end. Fifth leg of female has elongated endopodite with round apex without hairs and septum. The identified diaptomid tend to restricted in the Himalayan region; suggests apparently isolated from the purported main area of origin.

Keywords: Himalaya, Copepod, Diaptomidae, Taxonomy, Arctodiaptomus

13 National Symposium on “Coldwater Fisheries Development in India: Innovative Approaches and Way Forward for Enhancing Hill Farmers Income”

(FRM-14) IMPACT OF PETROCHEMICAL EFFLUENT ON BLOOD PARAMETERS IN THE FRESH WATER FISH BARILIUS BOLA (HAM.) IN DOON VALLEY, UTTARAKHAND

J.V.S. Rauthan*, Shepali Chalotra and Neelam Nautiyal

Fisheries Research Lab, Department of Zoology, D.A.V. (P.G.) College, Dehradun *Corresponding author: [email protected]

ABSTRACT Blood parameters are very important in determination of health and physiological status of the fish. In addition these parameters reflect the changes in the organism correctly and play an important role in the detection of disease and metabolism of fish living in different ecological environments. Fishes are poikilothermic creatures, in which changes the observed in blood parameters due to environmental factors such as Bacteria, parasites, water temperature, oxygen content, pH etc. So haematology is used as an index of fish health status in number of fish species to detect physiological changes following different stress conditions like exposure to pollutants, diseases, metals, hypoxia etc. in order to use these blood parameters with a diagnostic purpose. The present investigation was carried out the effect of petrochemical effluent on blood parameters in fresh water fish Barilius bola (Ham.) using the standard methods. The petrochemical effluent has the potential to cause development effects in fish. Blood offers important profile to study the toxicological impact on animal tissues. Blood parameter is used as index of fish health status under different stress conditions on exposure to pollutants. The fish Barilius bola was exposed to sub-lethal concentration (30 ml/l) of petrochemical effluent for different hours (24,48,72 and 96) and parameters like Total Erythrocyte Count (TEC), Total Leucocytes Count (TLC), Differential Leucocytes Count (DLC), Haemoglobin Concentration (Hb), Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate (ESR), Packed Cell Volume (PCV), Mean Corpuscular Volume (MCV), Mean Corpuscular Haemoglobin (MCH) and Mean Corpuscular Haemoglobin Concentration (MCHC) has been analyzed. All blood parameters except TLC were found to be decreased from control and the TLC was increased in all exposure periods indicating that test fish, Barilius bola suffered hemolytic anemia and leucocytesis. Increase in time produced a declining value of sub- lethal concentration of the petrochemical effluent.

14 National Symposium on “Coldwater Fisheries Development in India: Innovative Approaches and Way Forward for Enhancing Hill Farmers Income”

(FRM-15) EFFECTS OF MICROPLASTIC IN PLANKTONIC COMMUNITY

Sanjenbam Bidyasagar Singh*, Kamei Lanthaimeilu, Geetanjali Deshmukhe, Martin Xavier

ICAR-Central Institute of Fisheries Education, Deem University, Mumbai *Corresponding author: [email protected]

ABSTRACT Zooplankton is one of the most sensitive groups of organisms which encounter microplastic as their prey size is approximately similar to the size of microplastic. From the last decades, there is an apprehension on microplastics (plastic particle size <5mm diameter) contaminations. Recent studies have evident the presence of microplastics at planktonic level and studied the negative effects on their growth, survival and fecundity. The main zooplankton species encountering more microplastics are Siphoophorea, Copepoda, Euphausiacea and Amphipoda. Fibres, pellets and fragments are the most common types of microplastic encountered. The size of microplastic encountered by zooplankton was observed at the range of 0.13 pieces/zooplankton in copepod to 0.35 piece/ zooplankton in Pteropoda. Mode of feeding affected rate of bioaccumulation, highest was observed in omnivorous followed by carnivorous and herbivores. High concentration of microplastic causes deleterious effects in photosynthetic efficiency, limits the transfer of nutrients, gaseous and light availability, affecting the growth and survival of algae. Particle size of 0.05 and 0.5 µm hamper growth rate and fecundity in P. nana. Nano size polystyrene microbeads (0.05µm) are capable of permeating biological membrane, resulting reduction in growth rates and reproduction in response to cellular damage. Prolong retention of nano size microbeads have toxic risk related to internalization of microbeads in cells, which inhibit the digestion resulting energy lessening and cell damage. Exposure of microbeads also lead to increase phosphorylation of extracellular signals regulated kinase (p-ERK) and p38 (p- p38) with Nrf2, indicating a positive correlation with intracellular ROS level.

Keywords: microplastic, effect, plankton, sea

15 National Symposium on “Coldwater Fisheries Development in India: Innovative Approaches and Way Forward for Enhancing Hill Farmers Income”

(FRM-16) INTEGRATION OF GIS AND MULTI CRITERIA DECISION ANALYSIS FOR RAINBOW TROUT FARMING DEVELOPMENT IN DISTRICT SHIYOMI, ARUNACHAL PRADESH

Parvaiz Ahmad Ganie*, Deepjyoti Baruah, Ravindra Posti, Kishor Kunal and Debajit Sarma

ICAR-Directorate of Coldwater Fisheries Research, Bhimtal, Nainital (Uttarakhand)-263136 *Coresponding author: [email protected]

ABSTRACT The objective of the present study was to identify the probable potential areas for the commencement of Rainbow trout fish farming in District Shiyomi, Arunachal Pradesh with the help of remote sensing and geographical information systems (GIS) based on Multi Criteria Evaluation (MCE) of water and infrastructure database. Quick bird imagery and thematic layers were analysed with ArcGIS v 10.6.1 and GIS capabilities, and weighted overlay method was adopted to develop a series of GIS models for identifying and prioritizing the appropriate locations for fish farming. Current land use pattern of the study area was extracted from the satellite image (Quick bird) with the help of global positioning system (GPS) data which revealed that about 4.08% and 189.11% of agricultural and wastelandcan be utilised for undertaking aqua cultural operations. Also the DEM and SLOPE values extracted inferred that 59% and 21% of the areas in the elevation range of 1000-3000m and slope of 0-21 degree respectively offer maximum probability for establishing rainbow trout fish farming. Based on this an area of 34.77 Km2and 51.34 Km2were found suitable for establishing trout farming in the slope classes of 0-10 and 10-20 respectively within the agricultural and wasteland and in the specified DEM only. Since the region being hilly with challenging terrains agricultural and allied operations face many constraints resulting in low yield especially the aqua cultural operations. Thus proper site demarcation through GIS will overcome the same and will result in higher and sustained production.

Keywords: GIS, Aquaculture, Site Selection, Multi Criteria Analysis

16 National Symposium on “Coldwater Fisheries Development in India: Innovative Approaches and Way Forward for Enhancing Hill Farmers Income”

(FRM-17) SPATIAL ANALYSIS OF FISHERY RESOURCES OF LOWER SUBANSIRI DISTRICT IN EASTERN HIMALAYAN REGION

Ravindra Posti*, Deepjyoti Baruah and Amit Saxena

ICAR-Directorate of Coldwater Fisheries Research, Bhimtal-263136, Nainital, Uttarakhand *Corresponding author: [email protected]

ABSTRACT The Lower Subansiri district is located between latitude 27° 20’ N and longitude 93° 55’ E in the Eastern Himalayas of State Arunachal Pradeshandencompasses an area of approximately 1249.51 km2. The basic morphometry of the aquatic resources reveals that the River Shupabung is the major river drainage systemand flows a distance of 32 km having stream frequency ofsixth order.The first order streams accounts 1686in numbers and flows for a total length of 990.16 km followed by second-order (763 numbers, 469.47 km length), third-order (467 numbers, 265.4 km), fourth order (60 numbers, 123.13 km), fifth-order (4 number, 54.89 km) and sixth- order (1 number, 32.02 km). Eight categories of Land Use Land Cover (LULC) were classified for the district where the entire valley is bestowed with a unique and ingenious integrated rice-fish farming practice, locally called ajii-ngyii. This form of agriculture occupies around 2423.88 ha of the total land area and is surrounded by hill forest (89.12%) of the total area followed with wasteland (3.62%), shifting cultivation (3.84%), human habitation (0.51%) and agricultural land, grassland, water bodies below 2.70%. The slope class developed from Digital Elevation Model (DEM) shows 0-20 degree encompasses 44.01% of the total geographic area as compared to slope class 20-40 degree (49.49% area) and the slope class 40-78 degree (6.50% area). Furthermore, it can be inferred from DEM that the elevation class ranging from below 500-1500m encompasses43.75% of the total geographic area and can provide suitable sites for undertaking fish farming activities provided the other conditions are conducive as compared to 56.25% area between 1500-2500m elevations. Based on these selected input feature classes superimposed in the spatial analyst ArcGIS v 10.7, the probable suitability for fish farming having high potentiality covers an area of 69.02 km2 in the slope range of 0-10 degree and moderately suitability in an area of 140.79 km2within the slope range of 10-20 degree in the district of Lower Subansiri.

Keywords: Fish, Eastern Himalayas, spatial, resources and coldwater

17 National Symposium on “Coldwater Fisheries Development in India: Innovative Approaches and Way Forward for Enhancing Hill Farmers Income”

(FRM-18) LENGTH- WEIGHT RELATIONSHIP AND WELL BEING OF RAINBOW TROUT IN BALKHILA STREAM OF UTTARAKHAND

Vishal Datta*, H. C. S. Bisht1 and N. N. Pandey

ICAR-Directorate of Coldwater Fisheries Research, Bhimtal, Uttarakhand- 263136, India 1Department of Zoology, D. S. B Campus, Kumaon University, Nainital *Corresponding author: [email protected]

ABSTRACT Among the freshwater salmonids, Onchorhynchus mykiss popularly known as rainbow trout is one of the promising introduced exotic fish species in Coldwater and has considerable scope for its expansion in uplands region. Natural stock of this species in the hill streams was the attraction of fish anglers. Moreover the pristine natural stock is a good source of angling and fish based aqua-tourism. Being a potent sport fish and high quality food fish, conservation and promotion of trout fishery is needed for the development of aqua-tourism and livelihood security in hill states of the country including Uttarakhand. There is not commercial fishing of trout in India. However, stream waters are open for angling on license basis. The present study was carried out for the length weight relationship of rainbow trout fish in Balkhila stream of Alakhnanda river of district Chamoli, Garhwal region of Uttarakhand State. Balkhila stream is situated at 30° 24' 45.20'' N, 79° 19' 10.460'' E with an altitude of 1200 meter above sea level. In present study coefficient correlation (r) for male found to be 0.84257 which is positively significant (p<0.05) and exponential value ‘b’ significantly less than ‘3’ (i.e. b=2.71) (ideal isometric growth) which conclude that weight of rainbow trout male do not grow according to isometric growth pattern. Similarly, the coefficient correlation (r) for female found to be 0.565974 which is negatively significant (p>0.05) and exponential value ‘b’ significantly less than ‘3’ (i.e. b=1.76) (ideal isometric growth) which conclude that weight of rainbow trout female do not grow according to isometric growth pattern. Hence, the exponential form of the equation derived for the length-weight relationship does not reflect the well-being of stock and isometric growth. The present information may be used for the better management of the natural stock of this fish in Balkhila stream.

Key words: rainbow trout, aqua-tourism, Balkhila stream, length weight relationship, isometric growth.

18 National Symposium on “Coldwater Fisheries Development in India: Innovative Approaches and Way Forward for Enhancing Hill Farmers Income”

(FRM-19) NEW REVELATIONS ON THE EFFECT OF EARLY LIFE THERMAL EXPOSURE ON MORPHOMETRIC ONTOGENY OF RAINBOW TROUT, ONCORHYNCHUS MYKISS

Maneesh Kumar Dubey*, Biju Sam Kamalam, Rajesh Manchi, Debajit Sarma, Pratibha Baral, Anupam Pandey and Prakash Sharma

ICAR-Directorate of Coldwater Fisheries Research, Bhimtal, Nainital, Uttarakhand Corresponding author: [email protected]

ABSTRACT An experiment was conducted in the early life stages of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) to determine the impact of different temperature exposure regimes on several morphometric indices. As per the study design, initially, 2000 eyed ova were exposed to either low (10oC, LT) or high (18oC, HT) incubation temperatures. Post-hatching, half of the sac fry from LT group was shifted to higher temperature (18oC, LHT) and half of HT group was shifted to lower temperature (15oC, HLT). After the completion of yolk-sac absorption in all the groups, sample specimens (N=10) were collected at two different time points (22 and 52 dph) for the morphometric observations. Differences in the rate of yolk sac absorption, melanisation, fin folding and morphometric features such as length, weight, fin size and other Truss landmark measurements were recorded. Corresponding to the incubation temperature, hatching duration was longer and larval size variation at hatching was higher in LT as compared to HT. Likewise, the rate of yolk sac absorption in LT and LHT was slower than that of HT and HLT. Melanisation and fin fold resorption also occurred earlier in HT group than LT group. During the later stages of metamorphosis, temperature dependent difference in body weight (HT=LHT>LT=HLT) was observed at 22 and 52 dph (HT=LHT>HLT>LT), whereas the significant differences noted in standard length at 22 dph was not evident at 52 dph. Results of the Truss analysis revealed that, among the 23 morphometric features analysed, only five and four body indices were prominently different at 22 and 52 dph, respectively, in stepwise canonical discriminant function. At 22 dph, length of pectoral, caudal and anal fin was found to discriminate the treatment groups along function 1. At 52 dph, pectoral to pelvic fin distance was found to contribute highly positively in discriminating the group along function 1and anal fin length discriminated the groups highly positively along function 2. Group discrimination based on the temperature responsive morphometric features was found to be more prominent at earlier stages of metamorphosis (82.5% at 22 dph) than the later stages (65% at 52 dph). Overall, this study reaffirmed that the temperature exposure regimes during early developmental stages significantly impacts the timing and duration of metamorphosis. However, the pronounced effect of temperature on body length and other morphometric features in the earlier phase of larval metamorphosis (22 dph in the present case) was not persistent post metamorphosis (52 dph). On the contrary, it should be noted that rearing temperature had a cumulative effect on body weight (differences at 52 dph > 22 dph). Keywords: Rainbow trout, temperature, ontogeny, morphometry.

19 National Symposium on “Coldwater Fisheries Development in India: Innovative Approaches and Way Forward for Enhancing Hill Farmers Income”

(FRM-20) DISTRIBUTION AND COMPOSITION OF SNOW TROUT IN SNOW-FED RIVERS OF ARUNACHAL PRADESH

Deepjyoti Baruah, P.A. Ganie, R. Posti, Partha Das and Kishor Kunal*

ICAR-Directorate of Coldwater Fisheries Research, Bhimtal-263136, Nainital, Uttarakhand, India *Corresponding author: [email protected]

ABSTRACT An investigation was carried out in seven snow-fed tributaries of Arunachal Pradesh viz, river Dirang chu (92O16'23"E, 27O22'30"N), river Sangti (92O37'22.4"E, 27O18'29.1"N), river Tenga (92O45'58"E, 27O18'15.7"N), river Choskorong Kho (92O27'32.8"E, 27O26'51.5"N) of Kameng drainage in West Kameng district; river Kiile (93O49'53"E, 27O33'18.2"N) of Subansiri drainage in Lower Subansiri district; river Shei (94O71'90"E, 27O99'08"N) and river Yargyap chu (94O09'49.3"E, 28O34'32.4"N) of Siang drainage in West Siang district and Shi Yomi district respectively of Arunachal Pradesh to study the distribution and catch composition of snow trout, their abiotic and biotic environment and the methods of fishing. The dominating species of snow trout in the Kameng drainage were comprised of Schizothorax plagiostomus followed by S. richardsonii whereas river Kiile in Lower Subansiri and river Yargyap chu in Shi Yomi districts was observed to have been dominated by S. richardsonii. In case of river Shei, Schizothorax richardsonii and Schizothorax progastus were recorded proportionately. The average length of S. plagiostomus was recorded as 17.32±4.89 cm with an average weight of 54.36±33.92 kg in these snow-fed tributaries of Arunachal Pradesh. S. richardsonii recorded an average length of 14.64±2.36 cm with an average weight of 49.33±21.52 kg. S. progastus recorded an average length of 16.44±1.02 with an average weight of 45.63±14.34. The rivers were perennial in nature and flows through the hilly terrains at an altitude from 1411-1934m msl. The temperature ranged from 12.70±0.20 to 21.31±0.19, dissolved oxygen: 6.78±0.69 to 8.97±0.32, pH: 5.75±0.16 to 8.07±0.42, alkalinity: 34.00±2.10 to 110.00±2.55, hardness: 12.00±7.31 to 75.00 ± 3.10 and other essential nutrient variables within the optimum level for good fish health. Altogether, 30 species of planktons were identified belonging to 24 families, 19 orders and 6 classes from the rivers. The fishing gears operated to harvest snow trout are indigenous and specific to a particular area based on the nature of the river and skills of the tribesmen. The major gears were noose and line, cast nets, kholeya, neuta, hoap and lipums with a CPUE of 1.8-2.2 kg/hour, 0.5-5.2 kg/hour, 2.0-15.0 kg/day, 0.5-4.2 kg/day and 2-4 kg/day respectively.

Keywords: Aquatic, coldwater, trout, fishing and Himalaya

20 National Symposium on “Coldwater Fisheries Development in India: Innovative Approaches and Way Forward for Enhancing Hill Farmers Income”

(FRM-21) MACROZOOBENTHOS OF FRESHWATER ECOSYSTEMS: AN OVERVIEW

S. D. Maindoli

Department of Zoology, D.S.B. Campus, Kumaun University, Nainital - 263 001 Corresponding author: [email protected]

ABSTRACT The existence of ecosystems depends on the interaction of biotic and abiotic components of the systems. The macrozoobenthos are important components of aquatic ecosystems. The present paper provides an overview of macrozoobenthos in freshwater ecosystems. The paper provides information on the role of macrozoobenthos in ecosystems and discusses the impact of climatic changes and anthropogenic activities in lake environment. The recent works on benthos have been thoroughly reviewed and the methods of collection, separation, identification and quantifications of benthos are described in detail. The paper is of prime importance to the beginners of benthic ecology.

Keywords: Macrozoobenthos, Freshwater ecosystems, Bioindicators, Climate change, Anthropogenic activities

21 National Symposium on “Coldwater Fisheries Development in India: Innovative Approaches and Way Forward for Enhancing Hill Farmers Income”

(FRM-22) CONTAMINANTS OF AQUATIC HABITAT AND ADVANCEMENT IN THEIR REMEDIAL PERSPECTIVES

Kusumlata Goswami* and R. N. Ram

Department of Fisheries Resource Management, College of Fisheries, GBPUA&T, Pantnagar *Corresponding author: [email protected]

ABSTRACT Habitat is the type of natural environment in which a species find food, shelter, protection and mates for reproduction. It is characterized by both physical and biological features. Aquatic habitat types include freshwater, brackishwater and saltwater environment. Contamination of aquatic habitats brought on by release of potentially harmful substances such as pesticides, heavy metals, paper mill wastes, polychlorinated biphenyl and crude oil are very common. Persistence of pollution into our natural environment concurrently leads to instability, disorder, harm or discomfort to both the physical systems and living organisms inhabiting the ecosystem. When large quantities of these pollutants are released, there may be an acute impact as measured by large-scale sudden mortalities of aquatic organisms. Type of responses observed by bioindicators with respect to altered environmental conditions can be used to identify and quantify the effects of pollutants on the environment. Bioremediation is a technology by which pollutants are eliminated from aquatic habitat and consequently contaminated water are re- distributed and considered as best for aquatic life. It is ecofriendly and widely accepted method of complete destruction of target pollutants instead of transferring contaminants from one environmental medium to another. This method utilizes the biological mechanisms inherent in microbes and plants to eradicate hazardous pollutants and restore the ecosystem to its original condition. The microbes used in remediation include various processes such as precipitaton, biosorption, enzymatic transformation of metals and complexation, whereas phytoremedation technique involves phytodegradation, phytovolatization, phytoextraction, phytostabilization and rhizofilteration. In developing and low income countries due to limited financial and technological resources the use of plants to remediate polluted water is considered as the new emerging technology which is relatively cheaper than the conventional technologies.

Keywords: Bioindicators, Bioremediation, Environment, Habitat, Pollutants.

22 National Symposium on “Coldwater Fisheries Development in India: Innovative Approaches and Way Forward for Enhancing Hill Farmers Income”

(FRM-23) SEASONAL VARIATION OF MACROBENTHIC ABUNDANCE IN THE RIVER GANGA AT HARIDWAR: A CASE STUDY

*H. O. Verma1, S. K. Verma1, S. K. Mishra1, A. R. Pandey 1, S.C.S. Das1, M. Gupta1, A.Alam1, J. Kumar1, V. Thakur1, D.N. Jha1, R.S. Shrivastava1 and B.K. Das2

1ICAR- Central Inland Fisheries Research Institute, Regional Centre, 24, Pannalal Road, Allahabad, Uttar Pradesh, India- 211002 2ICAR- Central Inland Fisheries Research Institute, Barrackpore, West Bengal, India- 700120 *Corresponding author: [email protected]

ABSTRACT Seasonal sampling of macrobenthic abundance and composition was assessed from the river Ganga at Haridwar, Ajeetpur village (29º52’82”N, 71º08’63”E) beside the Ganga river bank from April 2018 to March 2019. A total of six macrobenthic fauna comprising of three insects one gastropod and two annelids were recorded. The maximum abundance was recorded in the pre-monsoon period with abundance of 1010 N/ m2 and minimum in monsoon 30 N/ m2. The dominant taxa with maximum abundance were insect (Chironomus, 400 N/ m2, Leptophlebia sp, 30 N/ m2 and Baetis sp, 10 N/ m2) followed by Gastropod (Physella acuta, 310 N/ m2), annelids (Hirudinaria, 300 N/ m2; Tubifex tubifex, 30 N/ m2). The study revealed that the dominance of Physella acuta a fresh water sinistral gastropod prefers to live in polluted water; presence of Chironomus, Hirudinaria and Tubifex were indicating organic load of pollution which might be due to discharge of untreated sewage or any other anthropogenic activity in the vicinity of Haridwar. Dominance of pollution indicator fauna were causing serious concern for ecological restoration and management. Immediate attention is needed for the sustainable conservation and management of hill stream resources.

Keywords: Macrobenthos, Seasonal Variation, Abundance and Composition.

23 National Symposium on “Coldwater Fisheries Development in India: Innovative Approaches and Way Forward for Enhancing Hill Farmers Income”

(FRM-24) DIVERSITY OF INDIGENOUS ORNAMENTAL FISH IN WAKL RIVER SYSTEM OF SOUTHERN RAJASTHAN

Abhinika Jain1* and V.P. Saini2

1Central Institute of Fisheries Education, ICAR, Panch Marg, Off Yari Road, Mumbai 2Professor, Aquaculture Research Seed Unit, DOR, MPUAT, Udaipur *Corresponding author: [email protected]

ABSTRACT Knowledge of fish diversity of the particular region is essential not only for the rational management of ichthyofauna of that region but also for their conservation strategies. The Western Ghats is considered as one of the eight “hottest hotspots” of biological diversity in the world. The river drainage and associated water bodies of the Western Ghats hold rich freshwater fish diversity. A large number of workers have studied ichthyo-fauna of lotic and lentic waters, however much is not known about the status of fish diversity especially the native ornamental fishes of Wakal river system of Udaipur (Rajasthan). The present is study helps in generation of the baseline data on the availability of ornamental fish in Wakl River of Udaipur district of Rajasthan. A total of 15 species belonging to 5 orders, 9 families, 15 genera were identified and documented. The family-wise interpretation revealed that Cyprinidae as the largest family accommodating 6 genera, Mastacembelidae two genera and other 7 families like Balitoridae, Siluridae, Belonidae, Gobiidae, Ambassidae and Belontiidae and Cobitidae represented single member from each. While assessing the potential utilization of the collected fishes, it was realized that 7 species like Pethia conchonius, Devario malabaricus, Rasbora daniconius, Trichogaster lalius, Schistura savona, Acanthocobitis Botia, Parambassis lala, were of high ornamental value (i.e. 46.66%), 5 species like Mastacembelus armatus, Macrognathus pancalus, Barilius bendelisis, Salmophasia bacaila, Glossogobius giuris, were potential ornamental fishes (i.e. 33.33%) and can be exploited for commercial purpose and rest 3 Species (20%) such as Garra gotyla, Xenentodon cancila ,Ompok bimaculatus are primarily used as food fish which can also be explored for their ornamental qualities.

Keywords: diversity, indigenous ornamental fish, Wakl River, Rajasthan

24 National Symposium on “Coldwater Fisheries Development in India: Innovative Approaches and Way Forward for Enhancing Hill Farmers Income”

(FRM-25) STUDY OF WATER QUALITY AND PHYTOPLANKTON COMMUNITY DURING ARTIFICIAL AERATION IN LAKE NAUKUCHIATAL, UTTARAKHAND

Yogesh Pathak

College of Fisheries, G.B.P.U.A & T, Pantnagar Corresponding author: [email protected]

ABSTRACT The study was done in an artificially aerated Lake Naukuchiatal to examine phytoplankton community structure along with various pyshico-chemical parameters of the lake. Three

sampling sites named as S1 (Pump house), S2 (Midpoint) and S3 (Chanauti) were selected for

the study. S1 was present in littoral zone whereas S2 and S3 were located in the limnetic part of the lake. Samples were collected fortnightly from surface, 8m, 16m and 32m depths to evaluate the water quality and phytoplankton community for a period of 8 months from October 2017 to May 2018. A significant vertical difference in temperature, DO 3(S ), nitrate and phosphate were recorded. Whereas differences in TDS, conductivity, DO (S2), CO2 and alkalinity were not significant and almost uniform limnological conditions were observed throughout the water column of the lake as consequence of artificial aeration. A total of 28 species of phytoplankton were reported belonging to 3 groups viz, Bacillariophyceae (11 species), Chlorophyceae (14 species) and Cyanophyceae (3 species). Members of Bacillariophyceae and Chlorophyceae were found to be dominant during the study period. Phytoplankton population was recorded upto the bottom water in contrast to the non-aerated water bodies as mixing of entire water column allows phytoplankton to be distributed across the whole water column. Lake reflected mesotrophic conditions during the entire study period. Despite organic pollution, dissolved oxygen was available at each depth.

25 National Symposium on “Coldwater Fisheries Development in India: Innovative Approaches and Way Forward for Enhancing Hill Farmers Income”

(FRM-26) REPRODUCTIVE GONAD STUDY OF RAINBOW-TROUT (ONCORHYNCHUS MYKISS) (WALBAUM) IN BALKHILA RIVER IN BAIRANGANA DISTRICT CHAMOLI, UTTARAKHAND

Vishal Dutta*, H.C.S. Bisht, N. N. Pandey and A. U. Khan

Department of Zoology, Kumaun University, Nainital, Uttarakhand *Corresponding author: [email protected]

ABSTRACT Among the freshwater salmonids, Onchorhynchus mykiss popularly known as rainbow trout is one of the promising introduced exotic fish species in Coldwater and has considerable scope for its expansion in uplands region. Being a low volume high value commodity, the trout has good potential for domestic consumptions as well as foreign export. Being a candidate Coldwater aquaculture species, this species has high food value as well as this species was introduced for the development of angling and sport fishing in Indian water. Developmental stages of rainbow trout in four categories first green egg this stage start from fertilization to eyed formation this stage duration 16 to 21 days depend on temperature. Second stage is eyed ova stage duration of this stage is 18-24 days. The third stage of rainbow trout development called alvines stage this stage run 14 to 18 days. In this stage fry feed yolk sac and no need of artificial feed swimming pattern of this stage is up-down due to yolk sac weight. Fourth stage is fingerlings stage in this stage yolk sac disappear and fingerling free swim and take oral feed. The details of the above information will be discussed in the paper. Rainbow trout normally although attains sexual maturity at an age of 3 years however, feeding strategy, temperature, light conditions significantly influence it. The fish breed in the farms during December second week to February first week. The rainbow trout male attained sexual maturity after attaining 2nd year and female after 3rd year in the climatic conditions of the farm. Rainbow-trout brooders were studied at the hatcheries located at Bairangna, district Chamoli. Feeding habit of rainbow trout is omnivorous, average fecundity from 2000- 2500 eggs/kg body weight, egg colour lemon yellow 4-5 mm and breeding period temperature 9-140C.

Keyword: Fecundity, maturity, Balkhila river

26 National Symposium on “Coldwater Fisheries Development in India: Innovative Approaches and Way Forward for Enhancing Hill Farmers Income”

(FRM-27) AN OVERVIEW ON ADAPTIVE TRENDS OF ANTARCTICA’S FISHES

Bhawna Gehlot* and Kushagra Pant

ICAR- Directorate of Coldwater Fisheries Research, Bhimtal: 263136, Nainital, Uttarakhand *Corresponding author: [email protected]

ABSTRACT In Antarctica, perciform fishes belonging to suborder Notothenioidei comprises 95% ichthyofauna surrounding this continent, also a key example of adaptive radiation in a marine environment. This suborder provides the great opportunity for studying the various types of biochemical adaptation to temperature functionally as well as evolutionarily. Antifreeze glycoprotein (AFGP) has been anticipated as major innovation for survival of this sub order fishes which are inhabiting in these environments. These AFGP’s inhibit growth of ice crystal and enzymatic proteins support metabolism at low temperatures to withstand cold-adapted specific activities (Kcat values) and substrate binding abilities (Km values). These adaptations are characterized by gain and loss of various biochemical traits that are abundant in other fishes including the heat-shock response and in Channichthyidae group members, absence of haemoglobins and myoglobin’s, in addition as a consequence of acquisition of neutral buoyancy there is loss of swim bladder. Understanding the cold environmental constraints of Antarctica and phenotypic response of fishes to these constraints can offer elementary insights to adaptation. This review aims at examining the current knowledge of biochemical, physiological, habitat and morphological adaptation of Coldwater fish thriving in Antarctic region. Investigating the adaptive trend of Antarctic fish can pave way to new insights into adaptation currently studied merely in temperate and tropic fishes and can shed light on convergent processes that evolved in response to strong environmental constraints associated with cold specialization.

Keywords: Antifreeze glycoproteins, Channichthyidae, Heat shock response, Haemoglobin, Myoglobin, Notothenioidei, Swim bladder.

27 National Symposium on “Coldwater Fisheries Development in India: Innovative Approaches and Way Forward for Enhancing Hill Farmers Income”

(FRM-28) STUDY OF CARBON SEQUESTRATION IN SOIL OF SELECTED GREEN BELTS IN THE NATIONAL CAPITAL REGION

Pushpa Rani1*, Bhawna Gehlot2 and N.P. Melkania1

1School of Vocational Studies and Applied sciences, Gautam Buddha University 2ICAR- Directorate of Coldwater Fisheries Research, Bhimtal: 263136, Nainital, Uttarakhand *Corresponding author: [email protected]

ABSTRACT Present study was aimed to investigate the process of soil carbon sequestration in the different green belts and to quantify the contribution of different species used in green belts in long term carbon sequestration. This study was conducted in the month of March from 4 different sectors of Noida. A total of 24 Soil samples at two depths 0- 15 cm and 15- 30 cm were collected from a single pit of 30 cm depth from each of the green belt sites. All the samples were collected in air tight bags from the field and then processed in the lab. The soil samples were thoroughly analysed for the Soil moisture content (SMC), Bulk Density (BD) and Soil organic matter (SOC). A critical examination of the data revealed significant variation in SMC (%) values for all the selected green belt sites. Among all the four green belt sites, green belt of sector 40 reported maximum SOC stock. The plant species Ficus religiosa reported highest Soil organic carbon stock in all four green belt sites of NOIDA. The study recommended the more plantation of the species Ficus religiosa which are capable to store maximum SOC stock. It emphasizes on vegetation cover on the soil which is beneficial for increasing soil organic content and carbon sequestration, which also reduce the rate of global warming. Deforestation and excessive anthropogenic interference must hamper to regulate the carbon depletion afforestation and reforestation programme will be the best mitigate carbon.

Keywords: Carbon, Soil moisture content, Green belts, Soil

28 National Symposium on “Coldwater Fisheries Development in India: Innovative Approaches and Way Forward for Enhancing Hill Farmers Income”

(FRM-29) CASE STUDIES ON FISHERIES RECORDED IN HALDIA BLOCK (WEST BENGAL) AIDING IN RURAL LIVELIHOOD DEVELOPMENT OF THE FISH FARMERS

Suman Kumar Sahu*

10, Birangana Block, Sahid Kshudiram nagar, Hatiberia, Haldia, Purba Medinipur-721657, West Bengal *Corresponding author: [email protected]

ABSTRACT The present case study is based on the field survey in different villages of Haldia Block of Purba Medinipur District of West Bengal. The survey investigation indicated that integrated fishery management practices related to proper resource utilization, species diversification with new fish species introduction i.e. Amur Common Carp, Pengba, Milk fish, Pabda , GIFT Tilapia rearing as per scientific recommendations has helped in long-term rural livelihood improvement for the fish farmers.

29 National Symposium on “Coldwater Fisheries Development in India: Innovative Approaches and Way Forward for Enhancing Hill Farmers Income”

(FRM-30) RESTORATION PLAN TO IMPROVE THE HEALTH OF RIVERS

Sumit Kumar* and Amita Saxena

Department of Fisheries Resource Management, College of Fisheries, G.B.P.U.A.&T., Pantnagar, Udham Singh Nagar, Uttarakhand) *Corresponding author: [email protected], Ph: 9410906728

ABSTRACT River restoration is the process of managing rivers to reinstate natural processes to restore biodiversity, providing benefits to both people and wildlife. Reintroducing natural processes can reshape rivers to provide the diversity of habitats required for a healthy river ecosystem and ensure their long-term recovery by addressing the root cause of the issue. Rivers provide our communities with economic, ecological, and cultural values such as food, electricity, transportation, recreation and tourism. Rivers are home to fish and wildlife. Floodplains provide calm shallow waters, allowing fish to grow larger before swimming out to sea. When waters rise floodplains can absorb large amounts of water, providing natural flood control for coastal communities, preventing billions of dollars in damages. Despite their value and importance rivers around the world are being severely damaged by human activities and are declining at a much faster rate than terrestrial ecosystems. The creation of dams and water- diversion systems blocks migration routes for fish and disrupts habitats. Water withdrawal for human use shrinks and degrades habitats. Runoff from agricultural and urban areas hurts water quality. Draining of wetlands for development depletes habitats. Overexploitation and pollution threaten groundwater supplies. Invasion of exotic species can harm native animals and plants. Global warming due to climate change may lead to devastating floods and droughts. Plan each stage of your river restoration project i.e. Setting objectives, Project planning, Project delivery, Monitoring and evaluating and Post-project maintenance. Rivers are restored by Catchment- Based Approach, Restoring a more natural river course, Floodplain reconnection and wetland creation, In-stream enhancement, Removing or passing barriers, Increasing fish cover, Bank stabilization, Pool Management. In recent years, major efforts of river restoration have brought many rivers back to life. Together with the wider strategy, it provides guidance such that any opportunities arising in the future may be exploited with the result of creating a resource which is valued even more greatly for its rich wildlife, aesthetics and recreational opportunities, but is also more capable of responding to future pressures such as climate change and population growth in such a way as to retain this value.

30 National Symposium on “Coldwater Fisheries Development in India: Innovative Approaches and Way Forward for Enhancing Hill Farmers Income”

(FRM-31) A STUDY ON ECOSYSTEM INTEGRITY OF RIVER DIYUNG, NORTH EASTERN HIMALAYAN REGION (DIMA HASAO DISTRICT, ASSAM)

A.M. Ahmed*, K.K.Tamuli, R. Dutta, S. K. Bhagabati, H. Pokhrel, L. Mudoi, D. Nath and R. Sarma

Department of Aquatic Environment Management, College of Fisheries, Assam Agricultural University, Raha, Nagaon-782 103, Assam *Corresponding author: [email protected]

ABSTRACT The Diyung River flows over the Barail Hill range situated in the southern part of Dima Hasao (North Cachar Hill) district of Assam. It joins Kopili River, a tributary of the Brahmaputra river at Diyungmukh, Karbi Anglong district. Geographically it is located between 92º44'30"E and 93º30'E longitudes and 25º10'N and 25º50"N latitudes. Diyung is the longest river of the district with a length of 240 km. The area being under sub-tropical monsoon climate, flow regime of the Diyung River is determined by South West monsoon rainfall. In the present study a preliminary assessment was carried out along the entire stretch of the Diyung river system for 6 months to study its ecosystem integrity in terms a few selected physico-chemical parameters of the river. The study showed the range of a few important physico-chemical parameters as surface water temperature (18-27°C), water velocity (0.23 to 1.62 m/sec), pH (7.2 to 8.4), turbidity (3.6 to 268.2 NTU), total alkalinity (21 to 74 ppm), total dissolve solid (45.9 to 106.4ppm), conductivity

(69 to 209 µs/cm), DO (4.08 to 11.2 ppm), BOD3 (1.04 to 42.21ppm), COD (2.39 to 68.1 ppm).

Keywords: Hydrobiological profile; River; Diyung, Dima Hasao.

31 National Symposium on “Coldwater Fisheries Development in India: Innovative Approaches and Way Forward for Enhancing Hill Farmers Income”

(FRM-32) HYDROBIOLOGICAL PROFILE OF RIVER KOPILI, CENTRAL BRAHMAPUTRA VALLEY ZONE, ASSAM

D. Nath1, R. Dutta, S.K. Bhagabati, R. Sarmah, N. Beypi, N. Sonowal, H. Pokhrel, A.M. Ahmed, L.P. Mudoi and R.J. Nath

Department of Aquatic Environment Management, College of Fisheries, Assam Agricultural University, Raha, Nagaon, Assam 1Corresponding author: [email protected]

ABSTRACT Kopili, a Southern tributary of the mighty River Brahmaputra is one of the main rivers of Central Brahmaputra Valley. This present study assessed the physico-chemical and biological profile of water of river Kopili. Water, Sediment and Plankton samples were collected for twelve consecutive months (March 2018-February 2019) from the three sampling stations of the river. Water parameters like Surface Water Temperature, Turbidity, pH, Dissolved Oxygen, Electrical

Conductivity, TDS, COD, BOD3, Nitrate, Nitrite, Total Ammonia, Soluble Inorganic Phosphate etc. were determined by using different standard methods. Sediments parameters like pH, Organic Carbon, Organic Matter, Available Sediment Nitrogen, Available Sediment Phosphorus, Available Sediment Potassium were also determined by using the standard protocols. The study revealed range of different water and sediment parameters as Surface Water temperature (20- 32 0C), Turbidity (6.5-133.6 NTU), Dissolved oxygen (2.88-11.03 mgL-1), pH (6.30 -7.92), Total Dissolved Solids (37.1-97.2 mgL-1), Total Alkalinity (4-54 mgL-1), Total Hardness (22.02- -1 -1 -1 -1 125.12 mgL ), BOD3 (0.42-9.94 mgL ), COD (0.80-16.90 mgL ) Nitrate (0.008-0.476 mgL ), Phosphate (0.006-0.374 mgL-1), Sediment pH (5.99-7.69), Sediment Organic Carbon (0.48- 2.41%), Sediment Organic Matter (0.83-4.16%), Available Sediment Nitrogen (401-417 kgha-1), Available Sediment Phosphorus (5.49-9.51 kgha-1) and Available Sediment Potassium (81.49- 485.51 kgha-1). were recorded. A total of 24 different genera of plankton were recorded from the study stations of river Kopili. Among these 7 belongs to Chlorophyceae, 5 to Bacillariophyceae, 4 were Cyanophyceae, 2 Rotifera, 3 Cladocera and 3 Copepoda. Plankton density was poor in the studied stretch of river Kopili and ranged between 35 and 90 unitsl-1.

32 National Symposium on “Coldwater Fisheries Development in India: Innovative Approaches and Way Forward for Enhancing Hill Farmers Income”

(FRM-33) A PRELIMINARY ASSESSMENT OF HYDROBIOLOGICAL PROFILE OF RIVER DOYANG, NORTH EASTERN HIMALAYAN REGION (NAGALAND)

H. Pokhrel*, K. Kuotsu, S.K. Bhagabati, R. Dutta, A.M. Ahmed, L. Mudoi, R. Sarma and D. Nath

Department of Aquatic Environment Management, College of Fisheries, Assam Agricultural University, Raha, Nagaon, Assam. *Corresponding author: [email protected]

ABSTRACT The river Doyang is a dendritic network of seasonal and perennial streams. It is the largest river originated at Japfu peak, Nagaland (3046m MSL) and flows about 152km within the state before it meets the river Dhansiri in Assam. In the present study a preliminary assessment was carried out along the entire stretch of the Doyung river system for 6 months to study its hydrobiological profile in terms a few selected physico-chemical parameters of the river. The initial results obtained for few selected physico-chemical parameters of the river are in the range of surface water temperature (18-27°C), pH (4.5 to 7.99), turbidity (18 to 156 NTU), total alkalinity (36 to 152 ppm), total dissolve solid (58 to 242ppm), conductivity (98 to 499 µs/cm), COD (1.6 to 46.4 ppm).

Keywords: Hydrobiological profile; River; Doyang, Nagaland; japfu.

33 National Symposium on “Coldwater Fisheries Development in India: Innovative Approaches and Way Forward for Enhancing Hill Farmers Income”

(FRM-34) A STUDY ON A FEW SELECTED PHYSICO -CHEMICAL PARAMETERS OF RIVER UMTREW IN MEGHALAYA AND ASSAM

L.P. Mudoi*, N. Sarmah, S.K. Bhagabati, R. Dutta, H. Pokhrel, A.M. Ahmed, R. Sarmah and D. Nath.

Department of Aquatic Environment Management, College of Fisheries, Assam Agricultural University, Raha, Nagaon -782103 *Corresponding author: [email protected]

ABSTRACT India is country which blessed with numbers of river, Lakes, Wetland etc. Rapid industrialization and growing economy polluted our water resources like never before. River Umtrew and its tributaries having water area of 1369.6 km2 and most of the part falls under Meghalaya plain region and rest is under low lying area of Brahmaputra plain in Assam. Assessment of environment health was carried out in six selected stations of river Umtew in Meghalaya and Assam for a period of 8 months Jan to Aug, 2019. Water parameters like Surface Water Temperature, pH, Dissolved Oxygen, Chemical Oxygen Demand, Biological Oxygen Demand, Alkalinity were determined by using different standard methods. The average value of the calculated data were as follows Surface Water Temperature (16.5-330C) ,pH (7.51-8.16) ,DO (3.5-13.18 ppm) ,COD (4.8-52.8 ppm) ,BOD (1.16-14.34 ppm) ,Alkalinity (16-150 ppm).A few genera of plankton like Rotifer, Ulothrix, Volvox, Chlorella were recorded during the study period.

Keywords: Hydrobiological profile; River; Umtrew; Meghalaya.

34 National Symposium on “Coldwater Fisheries Development in India: Innovative Approaches and Way Forward for Enhancing Hill Farmers Income”

(FRM-35) ECOTOURISM THROUGH CONSERVATION OF MAHSEER LINKING IN-SITU AND EX- SITU CONSERVATION

R.S. Patiyal

ICAR-Directorate of Coldwater Fisheries Research, Bhimtal, Nainital, Uttarakhand, India

ABSTRACT Over the last few decades the habitat of mashseer fishery resources has been targeted for the development activities and anthropogenic causes. A combination of factor including loss of breeding area, rearing habitat, over exploitation and low recovery rates of fishes, result in poor record of sustainability of Tor putitora. One of the greatest challenge is to find a ways to deel with sustainable level of endangered species. Poor general recording of endangered speciese mahseer landings and paucity of mahseer landing data at the speciese level also undermine development of effective mahseer management strategies. This papers review the problem that must be faced everywhere if mahseer are to be managed sustainably and lay out a comprehensive set of prioritized management strategies to facilitate the sustainable management mahseer fisheries. It is needed to incorporate different management strategies relevant to local socio- economic agendas. The management recommendation deal with method to improve the regulation of fisheries, ways to improve conservation ethics and encourage active partition in management, as well as means by which specific management strategies may be implanted. In this endeavor, now time has come to domesticate the fishery resources together establishing of fish parks, fish reserves and conservation efforts of natural resources would facilitate faster action on conservation and breeding. Under this perspective, we have conceived a multifarious programme / concept to establish a “Live Fish Gene Banks” as a tool for ex situ conservation, “Self sustained mahseer conservation model, linking ecotourism” and Agro-climatic zones wise establishment of ‘Live Fish Gene Bank’, India.

35 National Symposium on “Coldwater Fisheries Development in India: Innovative Approaches and Way Forward for Enhancing Hill Farmers Income”

(AQL-01) THRUST ON COLDWATER FISHERIES AND AQUACULTURE FOR NUTRITION AND LIVELIHOOD SECURITY OF THE HILL POPULATION

Bimal Prasanna Mohanty1*, Debajit Sarma2, Satabdi Ganguly1, Basanta Kumar Das1

1Biochemistry Laboratory, Fishery Resource and Environmental Management Division, ICAR- Central Inland Fisheries Research Institute, Barrackpore, Kolkata, India 2ICAR-Directorate of Coldwater Fisheries Research, Bhimtal, Nainital, Uttarakhand, India *Corresponding author: [email protected]

ABSTRACT Food and nutritional security are global challenges. It is more of a problem in the hilly region; there are both challenges and opportunities in hill fisheries and aquaculture. The Hindu Kush Himalayan (HKH) region that extends 3500 kms over eight countries is the source of ten large Asian river systems, which provide water, ecosystem services and livelihood to around 210.53 million people in the region and the river basin provides water to 1.2 billion people, which is one fifth of the global population. The Indian part of the HKH region comprising the mountain states are the major hilly regions, which have a huge scope for coldwater fisheries and aquaculture. Fish is a health food and is a rich source of all nutrients (except carbohydrates) and in combination with rice/wheat (carbohydrate rich) make a complete diet. Most of the coldwater fishes are quiet nutritious with high proteins (16-18%) and are moderately rich in oils (3-6%; Labeo dyocheilus 5.7%, Tor putitora, 4.3%, Oncorhychus mykiss 3.8%) and the polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), more specifically the ω-3 PUFAs, EPA in Neolissochilus hexagonolepis and Schizothorax richardsonii and DHA in N. hexagonolepis and T. putitora. The PUFA content of some of the coldwater fishes are comparable or close to the marine fishes. Some coldwater fishes are very rich in essential amino acids arginine (O. mykiss, T. putitora, N. hexagonolepis) and tyrosine (O. mykiss and T. putitora). Similarly, some of them are rich in micronutrients calcium (N. hexagonolepis), iron (N. hexagonolepis) and zinc (Cyprinus carpio). If the coldwater fisheries and aquaculture production reach its potential, it could not only provide nutritional security to the hilly region but would ensure livelihood security also, owing to their nutritional richness. Thus, the coldwater fisheries and aquaculture sector deserve special focus for doubling farmer’s income as well as providing nutritional and livelihood security to the hill population.

36 National Symposium on “Coldwater Fisheries Development in India: Innovative Approaches and Way Forward for Enhancing Hill Farmers Income”

(AQL-02) INDUCING CAPTIVE MATURITY AND BREEDING OF ENDANGERED GOLDEN MAHSEER (TOR PUTITORA) THROUGH ENVIRONMENTAL MANIPULATIONS

M. S. Akhtar*, Rajesh M, Ciji A, B S Kamalam, P Sharma, D. Sarma and A. K. Singh

ICAR-Directorate of Coldwater Fisheries Research, Bhimtal-263136, Uttarakhand, India *Corresponding author: [email protected]

ABSTRACT Present study was undertaken to explore the possibilities of inducing maturity and spawning of T. putitora under captivity through manipulation of environmental cues. In experiment I, adult T. putitora were subjected to three photoperiod (8L: 16D, 12L:12D and 16L:12D) regimes for 100 days. In females, darker photoperiod (8L:16D) significantly decreased the plasma estradiol and vitellogenin levels compared to 12L:12D and 16L: 8D photoperiods. Plasma 17α, 20β-diOH-P was significantly (p<0.05) changed both in females as well as males due to different photoperiods. Highest level was observed at 12L: 12D in females and 16L:8D in males whereas the lowest level was found in 8L: 16D. There was no significant effect of photoperiod on plasma aromatase activity, 11-ketotestosterone (11-KT) levels, luteinizing hormone (LH) levels and gonado-somatic index (GSI) of both males and females. In experiment II, effect of temperature (ambient, 21.2 ± 1.4 ºC and elevated, 23.7 ± 1.3 ºC; Mean ± SD) on inducing maturity under captive conditions was explored. The level of 17β-estradiol, 17α, 20β-diOH-P and aromatase were significantly increased in females kept at elevated temperature compared to its ambient counterpart. Correspondingly, GSI of females increased 6-fold at elevated temperature. In fact in the ovary of females reared at elevated temperature, oocytes were in vitellogenic and maturing stage, whereas it was only in cortical alveolar stages in the fishes kept at ambient temperature. On the other hand, there was no marked change found in testicular histology. No significant (p>0.05) effect of temperature was observed on plasma levels of 11-KT and LH of both sexes. Experiment III was meant to explore the possibility of achieving captive spawning by simulating natural spawning ground using a gravel bed bio-filter. Natural spawning occurred after four months of rearing in the simulated facility. Subsequently, fishes further spawned several times in a period of 4 months on an interval of 15-20 days. To overcome the repeated spawning and egg retrieval issue, fourth experiment were carried out wherein use of muslin cloth on the bottom, segregation of males and females and use of GnRH hormone were explored and finally could stripped the brooders with 6-8 thousand eggs/kg body weight with > 80% survival. Overall, our five years of research efforts has solved the longstanding issue of captive maturity and seed production of endangered golden mahseer.

Keywords: Tor putitora, captive maturity, photoperiod, temperature, 17α, 20β-diOH-P, GSI

37 National Symposium on “Coldwater Fisheries Development in India: Innovative Approaches and Way Forward for Enhancing Hill Farmers Income”

(AQL-03) EXOTICS AND GENETICALLY-MODIFIED FISHES: THREATS TO CAPTURE AND CULTURE FISH DIVERSITY OF INDIA

A. K.Pandey*, Arvind Mishra2, Poonam J. Singh, Rehana Abidi and Madhu Tripathi3

ICAR-National Bureau of Fish Genetic Resources, Lucknow - 226 002, India 1U.P. State Fisheries Department, Prakash Residency, Elite Crossing, Jhansi - 284 001, India 2Department of Zoology, University of Lucknow, Lucknow - 226 007, India *Corresponding author: [email protected]

Abstract More than 462 exotic fish species have been introduced in India for food, game and sports, ornamental and public health management purposes During recent years, the vast and varied fish germplasm resources of India is getting depleted at a faster pace owing to many anthropogenic stresses. Implantation of exotics and farm-/hatchery-produced stocks to the already depleted native ichthyofauna have posed even higher risk of getting the smaller fish populations extinct due to the resulting “genetic threat”. Genetic contamination represents a state of introgressive hybridization in between introduced and native stocks and may involve the processes like homogenization of genetic structures, genetic drift and even loss of valuable adaptive alleles of the affected gene pools. The deliberate introductions of exotic food fishes such as silver carp (Hypophthalmichthys molitrix), grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella), bighead carp (Aristichthys nobilis), tilapia (Oreochromis mossambicus, O. niloticus), the African catfish or Thai magur (Clarias gariepinus), American channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus) and Sutchi catfish (Pangasianodon hypothalamus) may aggravate the situation further by interbreeding with local fish which may, in turn, damage the genetic integrity of the native fish fauna. The hatchery- produced and genetically-modified/manipulated stocks may similarity pollute the native fish genetic resources too. Current status of “genetic pollution” to fish germplasm resources of India including both the capture as well as culture stocks and the remedial measures to contain this growing menace will be discussed in details.

Keywords: Exotics, genetically-modified fishes, threats, indigenous fish diversity, conservation.

38 National Symposium on “Coldwater Fisheries Development in India: Innovative Approaches and Way Forward for Enhancing Hill Farmers Income”

(AQL-04) SPAWN PROSPECTING: AN INNOVATIVE APPROACH FOR CONSERVATION OF GOLDEN MAHSEER

Monika Gupta1, Upendra Singh1, V.R. Thakur1, S.C.S. Das1, Hari Om Verma1, Sushil Kumar Verma1, Sandeep Kumar Mishra1, R.S. Srivastava1 and B.K. Das2

ICAR- Central Inland Fisheries Research Institute, Allahabad-211002, Uttar Pradesh, India 1ICAR- Central Inland Fisheries Research Institute, Barackpore-700110, West Bengal, India

ABSTRACT Tor putitora (Golden mahseer) known by various common names such as king mahseer, mighty mahseer and the tiger of water is one of the most important freshwater fish of the Indian sub-continent, inhabits mainly Himalayan rivers in the foothills known for its food and sports value. Despite of its ecological importance, mahseer are facing the threat of extinction due to habitat fragmentation, decline in habitat quality, riverbed mining, loss of breeding grounds, overfishing and other anthropogenic effects, especially the construction of dams which blocks breeding migration directly resulted in declines in mahseer population and are categorized as endangered. Captive maturation of female and skewed ratio of female in nature are also the bottlenecks for the breeding of mahseer. At the time of brooder collection for breeding, low proportion of mature female as compare to male were recorded from Bhagirathi river and Tehri lake. Therefore, for the restoration of mahseer population, the team of ICAR- CIFRI under National Mission for clean Ganga (NMCG) project initiates with adoption of an innovative approach i.e., spawn prospecting. River Nayar and Havel are the tributaries of river Ganga situated below the Devprayag, are the famous breeding ground of hill stream fishes. Shallow pools on the side of tributaries are the hub of mahseer seed. Around seven thousand spawn were collected with the traditional method using mosquito net before rainy season i.e., May to July from the site and transported them to Koteshwar hatchery (Tehri) for further rearing. Collected seed comprises of 60% Tor putitora, 15% Schizothorax richardsonii, 15% Barilius bendalisis and 10% others species. Rearing of spawn in captivity ensure the better survival and growth can be used for the ranching and further rearing upto maturity for breeding purpose.

39 National Symposium on “Coldwater Fisheries Development in India: Innovative Approaches and Way Forward for Enhancing Hill Farmers Income”

(AQL-05) FIRST RECORD OF NATURAL SPAWNING, BREEDING AND SEED REARING OF CRITICALLY ENDANGER ENDEMIC FISH SPECIES FROM ASSAM GARRA ANNANDALEI IN AQUARIUM CONDITION

S.G.S.Zaidi*, Gopal Chandra, N.N.Pandey and Debajit Sarma

ICAR-Directorate of Cold Water Fisheries Research Bhimtal Uttarakhand - 263136, India *Corresponding author: [email protected]

ABSTRACT Garra annandalei is an critically endanger endemic fish species mostly found in rocky, clear and fast flowing mountain rivers and streams of Assam region. It. Brood stocks were collected from small river stream of Guwahati region and brought to DCFR Bhimtal for its studies on breeding and rearing in captive aquarium conditions. During natural field collection site of this species a very peculiar observation were noticed that in one of the collected mature male specimen which had a big mass of transparent jelly like substance around its mouth region. Such substance probably be a secretion from snout tubercle cells during breeding season that serves as signals to attract females as a pre-spawning behaviour. Brood stock were maintained in glass aquarium tank equipped with under-gravel biological filtration system powered by a submersible aquarium pump to maintain continuous water filtration in tank. Water quality parameters during experimental period were observed and found at its required optimum level. After acclimatization brood stock started accepting artificial wet feed within 15 days. Fishes developed sexual dimorphism characters, and on that basis segregated male and female. Mature male have broad pectoral fins, develops tubercles on snout where as female has smooth snout, bulgy abdomen and protruding pinkish vent. Natural spawning in the aquarium occurred in month of July 2018. In one spawning it produce about 1400 eggs with 40% fertilization rate. Fertilized eggs are white in colour non adhesive, and free floating. After water absorption it measure 2to 2.5 mm in size. hatching take place in 72 to 96 hours depends on environmental temperature. Its biological and environmental parameters were recorded. Complete embryonic developmental stages were taken by Nicon D7000SLR camera. Incubation of eggs and rearing of seed were done in re-circulatory glass hatchery. It is an endangered species, its breeding and propagation methods in controlled conditions will certainly be helpful in conservation and restoration in its natural habitat.

Keywords: Garra annandalei, natural spawning, captive breeding, sexual dimorphism

40 National Symposium on “Coldwater Fisheries Development in India: Innovative Approaches and Way Forward for Enhancing Hill Farmers Income”

(AQL-06) INTRA-ANNUAL CHANGES IN GONADAL MATURATION AND ENDOCRINE CORRELATES OF MALE AND FEMALE HIMALAYAN SNOW TROUT, SCHIZOTHORAX RICHARDSONII (GRAY, 1832)

Ciji A*., Sharma P., Rajesh M., Kamalam B.S., Sharma A., Dash P., Sarma D. and Akhtar M.S.

ICAR-Directorate of Coldwater Fisheries Research, Bhimtal, Nainital, Uttarakhand *Corresponding author: [email protected]

ABSTRACT The periodic changes in reproductive hormone levels, gonadal histology and gonado-somatic index (GSI) of male and female snow trout Schizothorax richardsonii were examined to ascertain the annual cycle of gonadal development and reproductive status in their natural habitat (Kalsa rivulet of river Gola in Central Himalayas). In females, there were coherent changes in the plasma levels of 17β estradiol and vitellogenin, along with GSI (relative size of ovary), oocyte maturation and vitellogenic progression, collectively indicating two distinct maturation or breeding peaks during the month of September and February. Coinciding with this, in males, plasma levels of 11-keto testosterone (11-KT) exhibited similar bimodal peaks, with highest GSI values in September. However, plasma 17α, 20β-dihydroxyprogesterone levels of males were found to be persistently high from September to February, in tandem with relatively bigger testicular lobules which were filled with spermatozoa. This observation suggests the potential presence of matured oozing males over a longer period, unlike in the case of females. We also detected negligible levels of 17β estradiol in males. Overall, the close correlation between reproductive hormone levels and gonadal maturation stages in female and male specimens with apparent natural synchronization clearly indicates that S. richardsonii breeds twice in a year, possibly during September to October and February to March in the coldwater riverine habitats of the Indian Himalayan region.

Keywords: Schizothorax richardsonii; 17α, 20β-dihydroxyprogesterone; Histology; Maturation; 17β estradiol; Gonado-somatic index

41 National Symposium on “Coldwater Fisheries Development in India: Innovative Approaches and Way Forward for Enhancing Hill Farmers Income”

(AQL-07) STUDY ON EXTRUSION OF SECOND POLAR BODY IN DEVELOPING EMBRYO OF GOLDEN MAHSEER (TOR PUTITORA) FOR THE PURPOSE OF TRIPLOIDY INDUCTION

Bipin Kumar Vishwakarma*, H. C. S. Bisht1 and N. N. Pandey

ICAR-Directorate of Coldwater Fisheries Research, Bhimtal, Uttarakhand- 263136, India 1Department of Zoology, D. S. B Campus, Kumaon University, Nainital *Corresponding author: [email protected]

ABSTRACT Golden Mahseer (Tor putitora) is one of the most promising fish species of coldwater and widely known as the king of rivers. Now a day, production of sterile fish by ploidy manipulation is a feasible technology for achieving a better growth and resistance against diseases. Induction of triploidy can be achieved by applying sub-lethal treatments to newly fertilized eggs with the help of thermal shock (heat shock or cold shock), pressure shock and chemical exposure. There are no reports from India concerning induction of triploid in Golden Mahseer (Tor putitora). All techniques are based on the concept of suppression of second polar body by any kind of shock or treatment. During oogenesis a small cleavage formed concomitantly is known as polar body. Hence, timing of extrusion of second polar body is pre-requisite for the successful operation of triploidy induction. The polar body has limited but a differential life span and that is crucial for triploidy induction. The attempt has been made to know the accurate timing of extrusion of second polar body from the newly fertilized eggs of Golden Mahseer. Six brooders collected from Bhimtal lake were utilized in ratio of 2:1 Male: Female for obtaining the fertilized eggs. The arrival timing of second polar body was observed between 12th to 14th minute after fertilization at 210 C of water temperature, which persists for 4-5 minutes in normal condition. The above, findings may be consistently in favor of triploid production of mahseer for it’s better aquaculture practice by producing sterile fish.

Key words: Triploid induction, Golden Mahseer (Tor putitora), polarbody, Thermal shock, pressure shock, chemical exposure, sport fish, coldwater.

42 National Symposium on “Coldwater Fisheries Development in India: Innovative Approaches and Way Forward for Enhancing Hill Farmers Income”

(AQL-08) TRIPLOIDY INDUCTION IN RAINBOW TROUT BY PRESSURE SHOCK: A BREAKTHROUGH IN INDIA

N. N. Pandey*, Raghvendra Singh, Biju S. Kamlam, Bipin K. Vishwakarma, Preetam Kala and Santosh Kumar

ICAR-Directorate of Coldwater Fisheries Research, Bhimtal, Uttarakhand- 263136 *Corresponding author: [email protected]

ABSTRACT Rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) is accepted as the most suitable candidate species for coldwater aquaculture in India. Being low volume and high value sport fish it offers best economic dimensions and holds crown position among other rivals. Hence, expanding the production of this fish has become a major concern with maintaining equilibrium between its production enhancement and ecological biodiversity management in coldwater. Experimental trials of pressure shock to fertilized eggs for triploid induction in rainbow trout were conducted at state trout farm, Uttarakhand. Six healthy brooders were selected in ratio of 1:1 male and female and were anaesthetised by using clove oil and ethanol mixture in 1:9 @ 1ml in 5liter water. Delay timing after fertilization for pressure shock treatment to retain the second polar body and exposure time of treatment were standardized for success of triploidy induction. For better triploid induction rate (TR) pressure shock treatment at 9500 psi for 5 minutes was applied to green eggs at 9.50C water temperature, TTU 375 minutes (Temperature Time Unit). A success rate at 98 % of triploidy induction in rainbow trout is possible with 60-68% hatching rate and 68-72% survival while 74% hatching rate and 72-80% survival in diploid stock was observed at similar environmental conditions upto swim up fry stage. For verification of triploidy induction Karyotyping of fry after yolk absorption and erythrocytes measurements was applied. In treated group, three sets of chromosomes (86-90) were observed in chromosome plates. Erythrocytes measurement (µm) reflects the 9% larger cell size and 13% larger nucleus in triploids over the diploids. Accuracy of pressure shock treatment and better rearing conditions are required for success of triploids production. Due to extra genetic material triploid rainbow trout remain more heterozygous and exhibits enhanced growth and survival. Triploid rainbow trout has superior performance traits as compared to their diploid counterparts and will negate production losses due to early sexual maturation and related reduction in somatic growth. The technology would be helpful for promotion of trout based aqua tourism and better practice of trout aquaculture for livelihood support to the people dwelling in hills. The work was conducted under DBT sponsored project.

Keywords: Rainbow trout, diploid, triploidy induction, heat shock, erythrocytes measurements, karyotyping.

43 National Symposium on “Coldwater Fisheries Development in India: Innovative Approaches and Way Forward for Enhancing Hill Farmers Income”

(AQL-09) GROWTH AND SURVIVAL OF WILD MAHSEER (TOR TOR) SEED UNDER EARTHEN POND CULTURE SYSTEM IN JABALPUR MADHYA PRADESH, INDIA

Shiv Mohan Singh*, Sona Dubey, S. K. Mahajan

College of fishery Science, NDVSU, Jabalpur. *Corresponding author: [email protected]

ABSTRACT The research has conducted to study the growth and survival of endangered Mahseer (Tor tor) seed in earthen ponds for a period of 48 days. Mahseer (Tor tor) seed were collected from Narmada River, Jabalpur district, Madhya Pradesh. The average pond size was 0.002 ha with water depth 1 m. The fishes were stocked in the earthen pond stocking densities were maintained at 2000 fish seed/pond and sampled on 12th, 24th, 36th, and 48th days for growth parameters, survival rate and water quality parameters analysis. The average initial fish weight and length was 2.00±0.5g and 1.19±0.34 cm, respectively. Fishes were fed diet with 25.5% protein, rice bran (20%), wheat bran (20%), maize bran (13%), mustard oil cake (25%) and vitamin premix (2%) at the rate of 10% body weight. The mean value of weight gain (g) and length (cm) was the highest (8.33±0.02) and (3.28±0.01) and lowest (6.32±0.03) and (2.88±0.02) respectively. Specific growth rate (SGR) was also the highest (1.24±0.01) and lowest (1.11±0.02). Significant (P<0.05) difference was found for the mean values of weight gain and SGR. The survival rate of Mahseer was 62.33±1.20 %. The physico-chemical parameters of water to be analyzed and maintain as best management practices.

44 National Symposium on “Coldwater Fisheries Development in India: Innovative Approaches and Way Forward for Enhancing Hill Farmers Income”

(AQL-010) ORNAMENTAL FISHERIES SECTOR – A KEY FOR ENHANCING INCOME OF SMALL AND MARGINAL FARMERS

Raj Kumar*, Akhil Gupta and Sahar Masud

SKUAST- Jammu, Main campus, Chatha-180009 *Corresponding author: [email protected]

ABSTRACT Ornamental fisheries/aquarium keeping, always remain an interesting activity throughout the world. Aquarium fish keeping provide not only aesthetic pleasure but also acts as regular income provider. Natural water resources possess a rich diversity of fishes having ornamental characters, which includes both indigenous as well as exotic nature. From last few years, aquarium fishes are receiving great demand in local as well as foreign markets. Ornamental fisheries sector/ enterprise has the great potential for engaging unemployed, under-employed youth as well as low income farmers. This enterprises also possess the peculiar characteristics of being easily adopted by both urban as well as rural youth; very less space requirement for initiating the ornamental fisheries/aquarium business; comparatively less space and water requirement- one can even start aquarium and ornamental fisheries business in one small room of his/her house. Ornamental/aquarium fisheries will definitely plays an important role in fulfilling the target of doubling the farmer’s income as well as entrepreneurship development especially women. Therefore, the farmers who are mainly engaged in crop production and/or veterinary enterprises may adopt the practices of ornamental fish culture side by side and engage themselves and enhance their overall income per unit area. Livebearers ornamental fishes which includes guppy, molly, platy and sword tail are hardy and considered as preferred fishes for beginners.

Keywords: Ornamental fisheries, aquarium fisheries, farmer’s income

45 National Symposium on “Coldwater Fisheries Development in India: Innovative Approaches and Way Forward for Enhancing Hill Farmers Income”

(AQL-11) GROWTH PERFORMANCE OF CARPS IN POLYHOUSE COVERED FISH POLYTANKS AT HIGH ALTITUDE OF UTTARAKHAND

Raghvendra Singh1*, N. N. Pandey2 and Sher Singh3

1Experimental Fish Farm, ICAR- Directorate of Coldwater Fisheries Research, Champawat 2ICAR- Directorate of Coldwater Fisheries Research, Bhimtal. 3ICAR- Vivekanand Parvatiya Krishi Anusandhan Sansthan, Almora. *Corresponding author: [email protected]

ABSTRACT An attempt was made to evaluate the growth and survival of carps in polythene lined ponds at high altitude in Uttarakhand state. The field experimentation was conducted at Mukteshwar, Uttarakhand. Six polytanks were prepared for fish rearing and four of these were covered with polyhouse. The dimensions of the each polytank were 9.8 m × 3.0 m top, 7.4 m × 0.6 m bottom, 1.2 m depth, 1:1 side slope with capacity of 20 m3. Four of the polytanks were covered with dome shaped galvanized iron (GI) pipe polyhouse. The dimensions of the polyhouse were 11.0 m length, 4.2 m width, 1.0 m span with central height of 3.0 m. The size of the each polyhouse was 46.2 m2. The advanced fingerlings (> 20g) of exotic carps (Silver carp, common carp and grass carp) and minor carp (Labeo dyocheilus) were stocked in all the six polytanks for one year growth study. Water temperature of the polytanks covered with polyhouse (T3 to T6) was about 3.72 to 9.66°C higher than that of open polytanks (T1 & T2). The growth was observed in the range of 270 to 600 g with highest growth in polytank without any covering material on the polyfilm but having bottom sand bed of 75-100 mm and the whole polytank covered with polyhouse. Species wise maximum growth was recorded in grass carp (T4, 572g) and improved common carp (T6, 370g). Growth of the minor carp was also encouraging (262-272 g) with the advantage of cleaning of the excess periphyton. Due to the advantage of higher water temperaturein polytanks comparatively better growth and survival (> 65%) was recorded.

Keywords: Growth, survival, carps, high altitude, polyhouse, polytanks.

46 National Symposium on “Coldwater Fisheries Development in India: Innovative Approaches and Way Forward for Enhancing Hill Farmers Income”

(AQL-12) STATUS OF PANGUS (PANGASIANODON HYPOPHTHALMUS) CULTURE IN CAGES IN RESERVOIRS OF INDIA

A. K. Das* and B. K. Das

ICAR-Central Inland Fisheries Research Institute, Barrackpore, Kolkata 700 120 Corresponding author: [email protected]

ABSTRACT The vibrant aquaculture and fisheries sector of India is striding at a faster rate towards achievingnd 2 Blue revolution by 2022 onwards accomplishing an overall production of 126.46 lakh metric tonne (LMT) fish during 2017-18, where inland fish production occupies the lion’s share (>68%). Pangus (P. hypophthalmus), a native of Mekong river in Vietnam, now well established in South-East Asia–Thailand, Malaysia, Indonesia, and China which was introduced in India during 1994-95 via Bangladesh (1989) through Thailand. Since last 20 years the culture of Pangus has been spread via West Bengal to undivided Andhra Pradesh to 15 States of India with a production of 8.555 LMT of which 80% comes from land based pond system and the remaining from cages specially in reservoirs. The culture of this species is a profitable venture because of their high stocking density, year-round production barring severe winter months in winter driven States, quick growth, and high productivity. The fish provides ample protein supplement to rural poor mass in this sector of the world because of low market price coupled with significant demand. Accordingly, a large number of rural people living below the poverty line find employment in production as well as marketing systems for this species. India is no exception to that. The fish is a very good candidate species in cage farming installed in Indian reservoirs of medium and large category covering >18 lack ha of which only 0.1% area will be brought under cage culture so as to save the ecosystem from being eutrophied keeping biodiversity intact, which showed immense scope of horizontal expansion of its farming. ICAR-CIFRI has been instrumental in disseminating the technology of cage farming of Pangus across India since 2010 onwards and engaged in providing technological support to 20 States with 20000 numbers of freshwater cages in functional mode installed in reservoirs and some deeper wetlands. It is estimated that >35,000 MT Pangus is being produced from cages in India. New areas are coming under Pangus culture in sub-tropical part, where technological packages are being modified accordingly, as the species though very hardy in nature, can’t withstand cold being susceptible to multipronged attack by different pathogens with the onset of winter. The package of practice has been modified accordingly befitting to the selective sites of different States. The need of the hour is to stabilize the fluctuations in prices of this species in the market imbibing post -harvest value chain, cold chain development, filleting, maintaining sustainable supply to Hotel & restaurants across India in a holistic manner involving other ICAR-Fishery Institutes besides Line Departments of different States. Because of tremendous domestic market potentials of this species right from Kerala to Dibrugarh, the fish is available in bulk quantities in >220 markets. So, it is high time for processing units to add value to this filleting as to overcome or combat import of this species from Vietnam to sustain its production. ICAR- CIFRI’s endeavour in maintaining sustainable production of this species through cage culture across India with need-based modifications of package of practices including fabrication of low cost eco-smart cages would be of immense help in making the cage culture technology for this species acceptable and suitable in different regions. Keywords: Cage culture, reservoir, pangus, production system, India

47 National Symposium on “Coldwater Fisheries Development in India: Innovative Approaches and Way Forward for Enhancing Hill Farmers Income”

(AQL-13) EXPLORING THE POTENTIAL OF PADDY CUM FISH CULTURE IN BASAR, ARUNACHAL PRADESH

Renu Loyi* and Debangshu Narayan Das

Rajiv Gandhi University, Rono hills, Doimukh, Arunachal Pradesh-791112 *Corresponding author: [email protected], Ph: +91-7259489225

ABSTRACT The objective of this research was to disseminate Paddy-cum Fish culture system in similar other location specific areas in Arunachal Pradesh. The RGU team of Fisheries and Aquatic Ecology Laboratory (FAEL) in collaboration with State Department of Fisheries had conducted on farm multi-locational trials selecting 1000 m2 area (03 sites) in the district of West Siang (villages Gori, Nyigam and Nyodu). The selected plots were modified and designed following the method suggested by Grayu et al., 2007. Fingerlings of four different species viz. Cyprinus carpio (common carp), Cirrhinus mrigala (Mrigal), Labeo rohita (Rohu), and Hypopthalmicthys molitrix (Silver carp) were stocked and were harvested after 120±15 days. Data analysis of experimental trials revealed that performance of Cyprinus carpio was found to be excellent with 80% mean retrieval and with mean growth of 480 gm followed by Labeo rohita with 50.9% and 216.6 gm, Cirrhinus mrigala with 46.2% and 156.3 gm and Hypopthalmichthys molitrix with 43.96% and 115.6 gm respectively. Overall production of rice and fish (0.1 ha) from the experimental plots revealed that Nyodu village (442 kg/192.5 kg) in West Siang district yielded maximum for both the crops. However, Gori village showed less production rice but fish production was at optimum level (350 kg/180.4 kg), and the least production for both was recorded in Nyigam village (334kg /151.4 kg).

Keywords: Paddy cum Fish Culture, Indigenous, Carps, Basar, Arunachal Pradesh

48 National Symposium on “Coldwater Fisheries Development in India: Innovative Approaches and Way Forward for Enhancing Hill Farmers Income”

(AQL-14) MANIPULATIONS OF PHOTOPERIOD AND TEMPERATURE FOR CAPTIVE MATURATION CAN MODULATE IMMUNITY AND STRESS STATUS OF ENDANGERED GOLDEN MAHSEER (TOR PUTITORA) BROODERS

M. S. Akhtar*, A. Ciji, M. Rajesh, B. S. Kamalam and D. Sarma

ICAR-Directorate of Coldwater Fisheries Research, Bhimtal, Nainital, Uttarakhand *Corresponding author: [email protected]

ABSTRACT Recently, we reported the possibility of successfully inducing captive maturation and spawning in golden mahseer through photothermal manipulation. Subsequently, we felt that it was imperative to understand the impact of these environmental manipulations on immunity, stress response, antioxidant potential and general well-being of adult mahseer for developing a healthy broodstock. For this purpose, two experiments were carried out, with changes in photoperiod (experiment I) and temperature (experiment II). In experiment I, random groups of adult female and male Tor putitora were subjected to three photoperiods (8L:16D, 12L:12D and 16L:8D) for 100 days. Decreasing levels of plasma melatonin with increasing photoperiod confirmed the physiological significance of different light-dark conditions in mahseer brooders. In terms of stress, plasma cortisol levels showed a linear increase with decreasing light duration in both sex, more prominently in males. Similarly, level of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS, oxidative stress indicator) was also significantly higher in males kept at 8L:16D. Suggesting a stress induced immunosuppression, plasma concentration of total immunoglobulins was found to be reduced in female brooders at 8L:16D, but this was not evident in males. In both sex, plasma concentration of total anti-oxidants was found to be elevated at 12L:12D. On the contrary, Superoxide dismutase activity and albumin levels were found to be lower at 12L:12D in females and males, respectively. No significant changes due to photoperiod were observed in the other non-specific immunity, anti-oxidation and well-being related indices. In experiment II, random groups of adult T. putitora were reared at ambient (21.2 ± 1.4 ºC) or elevated temperature (23.7 ± 1.3 ºC) groups for 121 days. Higher temperature was found to increase plasma cortisol levels and reciprocally decrease myeloperoxidase and anti-protease activities in female mahseer brooders. Besides in both sexes, total immunoglobulins and lysozyme activities were reduced at elevated temperature. No other significant temperature related changes were observed in anti-oxidant potential or well-being related indices. In conclusion, our results indicate that shorter photoperiod and elevated temperature cause stress and could potentially compromise the immunity and well-being of captive golden mahseer brooders.

Keywords: Tor putitora; photoperiod; temperature; stress; immunity; anti-oxidant potential

49 National Symposium on “Coldwater Fisheries Development in India: Innovative Approaches and Way Forward for Enhancing Hill Farmers Income”

(AQL-15) FIRST REPORT OF NATURAL SPAWNING OF STRIPPED LOACH SCHISTURA OBLIQUOFASCIA IN CAPTIVITY

S.G.S.Zaidi*, A.K.Singh, N.N.Pande, Gopal Chandra, and D. Sarma

ICAR-Directorate of Coldwater Fisheries Research, Bhimtal, Uttarakhand *Corresponding author: [email protected]

ABSTRACT Schistura obliquofascia commonly known as stripped loach belongs to the family Nemacheilidae comes under the category of vulnerable species. Development of breeding protocol in captive environment of endangered endemic fish species is present day need for conservation and restoration point of view. One of the major problems in loach breeding faced as females are unable to attain full sexual maturity in captive conditions. Very limited information is available on the reproductive biology, reproduction and breeding technology on loach species. The proposed study was aimed to provide conducive environment to endorse gonad developments in male and female fish up to full maturity stage. Adult specimens of 80-120mm were collected from rivers Gaula (29o17’25’’ N - 79o37’43’’ E), at an altitude 595 m above sea level Kumaon region of Uttarakhand in month of April -May 2016. Total 25 specimens were collected and maintained in captive conditions at ornamental fish breeding unit of DCFR Bhimtal. Brood stock were maintained in glass aquarium of 90x45x60cm with water holding capacity of 120-150 liters. Glass tank was equipped with under-gravel biological filtration system powered by a 25 watts power head pump. This maintain an efficient water filtration and continuous aeration in aquarium maintaining crystal clear water as well as optimum water quality in the aquarium. Water quality parameters during experimental period were observed as pH-7.2-7.8, Ammonia and nitrites-nil, Nitrates-20-30 ppm, Alkalinity - 40-70 ppm,· Hardness- 90-110, Dissolved oxygen - 7-9 ppm, Free carbon-di-oxide- 2.0-3.2 ppm ,Water temperature 18-240C. During experimental period sexual maturity in both sexes achieved in captivity. Sexual dimorphism characters in male and female fish were recorded. Males are comparatively smaller in size, body cylindrical in shape and pectoral fins are fan shaped broader and larger in males. Females are larger in size, bulgy abdomen due to mature ova, pectoral fins are narrow and pointed. From ventral side mature ovary and testis clearly visible in male and female. Natural spawning of stripped loach were first time recorded in month of September 2016 in captive conditions without any hormone treatment. Thus a major breakthrough has been achieved in loach breeding history. Loaches deposited their eggs under the gravel layer. Total 210 fertilized eggs were collected from gravel layer. Fertilization percentage was 42%.Eggs were kept for hatching in floating trays in re- circulatory hatching tank. Its embryonic development and rearing up to fry stage were successfully achieved. Development of breeding protocol and seed production of this species in controlled conditions will certainly boost the production and conservation of endemic ornamental fish of coldwater sector.

Keywords: Schistura obliquofascia, Natural Spawning, loach, breeding

50 National Symposium on “Coldwater Fisheries Development in India: Innovative Approaches and Way Forward for Enhancing Hill Farmers Income”

(AQL-16) MULTIPLE NATURAL SPAWNING OF GOLDEN MAHSEER, TOR PUTITORA (HAMILTON) IN CAPTIVE AQUARIUM CONDITION

S.G.S.Zaidi*, Gopal Chandra, N.N.Pande, A.K.Singh and Debajit Sarma

ICAR-Directorate of Coldwater Fisheries Research, Bhimtal, Uttarakhand *Corresponding author: [email protected]

ABSTRACT Golden mahseer, Tor putitora (Hamilton) is one of the largest freshwater fish found in the foot hills of Indian Himalayan Rivers. The fish is one of the best sport fish for anglers. Due to indiscriminate fishing its population is continuously decreasing in its natural habitat. This species has been categorized as an ‘endangered’ species in the IUCN red list. Six numbers of brood stock in ratio of 1:2 (F: M) with average weight of 1200 and 750 g respectively. Tank has dimension of 130x120x95 cm with water holding capacity of about 950 litre. Aquarium tank was equipped with under gravel biological filtration system to maintain ammonia free crystal clear water. Water temperature were maintained with immersion thermostat glass heaters within range of 18-220C. Brood stock were fed with feed (30-40% protein) and occasionally goat heart and liver 2-3 times a day with regular health checks. Male and female both attained sexual maturity in confined aquarium condition. Mature male develop small tubercles on operculum region and found in oozing condition throughout the year. First natural spawning was observed in the month of February, 2017 followed by three successive natural spawning in March, November and December within a calendar year in captivity without use of any hormone by same brood stock. Fish deposited eggs under deep gravel layer. Spawning behavior and breeding habits of these fish were also recorded. Fertilized eggs were collected from the aquarium gravel and hatched in floating incubation trays placed in a closed re-circulatory incubation and hatching glass tank. Hatchlings and fry Live feed were not given during the rearing period. For feeding young ones, wet formulated feed were given which was well accepted. Wet feed contain poultry eggs, wheat flour vitamin and mineral mix and feed binder cooked form. Seeds were successfully reared in the aquarium and FRP tanks. Water quality parameters were analyzed and found optimum during the rearing of brood stock, incubation of eggs and rearing of fry. This study was an attempt to help in standardizing a protocol for natural breeding of golden mahseer in controlled conditions. Best management practices of brood stock in controlled condition will certainly help in mass scale seed production which in turn will help in conservation and rehabilitation of the fish.

Keywords: Golden mahseer, multiple spawning, aquarium

51 National Symposium on “Coldwater Fisheries Development in India: Innovative Approaches and Way Forward for Enhancing Hill Farmers Income”

(AQL-17) MINOR CARPS FOR SMART FISH FARMING UNDER POLYCULTURE IN MID HILL REGION

N. N. Pandey*, R. S. Patiyal, S. Ali, Bipin K. Vishwakarma, Dinesh Mohan and Santosh Kumar

ICAR-Directorate of Coldwater Fisheries Research, Bhimtal- 263136, Uttarakhand, India *Corresponding author: [email protected]

ABSTRACT Mountains are early indicators of climate change with the continuous shift of zero temperature line (snow line) towards higher altitudes having major changes in the form of increasing temperature, draught and erratic precipitation pattern. This climatic transforming situation affects the hill aquaculture for shifting of species and growth pattern. Increasing temperature, diurnal fluctuation in temperature, water scarcity, algal growth and draught like situation are the challenges for hill aquaculture, which have been addressed in a field study at Almora, Uttarakhand (79o29’604” E, 29o48’5”N), draught prone area, lies in the drainage of river Kosi at 3000 masl. A model of algae phagus minor carps (Labeo dyocheilus, Bengana dero) based polyculture in low density poly ethylene (LDPE) film lined pond has standardized in middle Himalayan region with the average fish production of 0.7 kg/m3. Poly-lined rainwater harvesting tanks are suitable for this climate resilient practice in hills, where scarcity and low water temperature are bottleneck in crop production. The overflow of the water was used for irrigating horticultural crops. Minor carp is also helpful to keep the pond clean due to its browsing feeding habit mainly feed on periphyton. A small farm pond in the form of polytank and practice of fish farming coupled with horticulture is a climate resilient smart fish farming approach in the Himalayan region in India.

Keywords: climate change, zero temperature, algal growth, browsing feeding habit, polytank, smart fish farming.

52 National Symposium on “Coldwater Fisheries Development in India: Innovative Approaches and Way Forward for Enhancing Hill Farmers Income”

(AQL-18) INDUCED BREEDING AND FINGERLING PRODUCTION OF COMMON CARP (CYPRINUS CARPIO) IN AN INDIGENOUS RECIRCULATORY SYSTEM

Preetam Kala*, Dinesh Mohan, Bipin Kumar Vishwakarma, Santosh Kumar, Sheetal and N.N. Pandey

ICAR- Directorate of Coldwater Fisheries Research, Bhimtal-263136, Uttarakhand, India *Corresponding author: [email protected]

ABSTRACT Breeding and seed production are a major aspect of aqua farming. Common carp, Cyprinus carpio (Linnaeus, 1758) is one of the promising fish species in aquaculture sector belongs to Cyprinidae family. It distributed all over the world. Though, basically, Common carp is a coldwater fish species, but its breeding in coldwater conditions is somehow different than the plain area due to different micro climatic conditions in hills. The experiment was conducted in fish hatchery of Directorate of coldwater fisheries, Bhimtal, Uttarakhand. The experiment was carried out for 90 days from May to July, 2019. An indigenous recirculatory system with duplicates was used. The system comprised the FRP tank having dimension 1.5×1.0×1.0m was used for breeding and rearing of common carp. Two females and four males brooder were stocked in each recirculatory system for 7days. Maturity of male and female was checked by stripping. After 7days Ovatide hormone was given @ 0.3ml/kg for female and 0.1ml/kg for male intramuscularly in single dose. Hydrilla was spread over the recirculatory tank. After 10 hours females and males oozed eggs and milts, respectively. The eggs were sticky in nature and stuck on hydrilla. After breeding males and females were separated from breeding tanks. Slight pressure was applied on brooder for checking total spawning. After 72 hours hatching was started. After breeding of fishes all hatchlings was kept in same tank. After 76 hours yolk sac was absorbed. Daily 10% water was exchanged at morning and 10% at evening. Average weight of male and female was 555.83g and 698.33g, respectively. Mean fecundity of fishes was 38834.67. The average fertilized egg size of common carp was 1.79 mm. Fertilization and hatching rate percentage were 79.93 and 59.79, respectively. Survival rate percentage of hatchlings to yolk sac absorption stage was 53.56. Survival rate after yolk sac absorption to 15 days old fry was 61.65 %. Survival rate of fingerlings after 90 days was 81.11%. All the water quality parameters viz. average temperature, pH, DO, Free CO2, Alkalinity, Hardness and Ammonia -nitrogen were 20.2°C, 7.45, 7.29 mg l-1, 4.11 mg l-1, 97.64 mg l-1, 198.25 mg l-1 and 0.068 mg l-1, respectively. The carp culture is popular in the India but shortage of carp seed production is foremost constraints for marginal farmers. The dependence of water in seed production can be decreased by using indigenous recirculatory system for seed production. Indigenous recirculatory system can be alternative in those area where water is not sufficient for seed production.

Keywords: Induced breeding, indigenous recirculatory system, fertilization

53 National Symposium on “Coldwater Fisheries Development in India: Innovative Approaches and Way Forward for Enhancing Hill Farmers Income”

(AQL-19) POLYCULTURE OF COMMON CARP AND GRASS CARP WITH STUNTED FINGERLINGS AT SUNKIYA VILLAGE IN UTTARAKHAND

Dinesh Mohan*, Preetam Kala, Bipin Kumar Vishwakarma, Santosh Kumar, Sheetal Sharma and N.N. Pandey

ICAR-Directorate of Coldwater Fisheries Research, Bhimtal, Uttarakhand- 263136, India *Corresponding author: [email protected]

ABSTRACT The selected site Sunkiya Mukteshwar, is located at an altitude of 2286 m.29.4722° N 79.6479°E. Mukteshwar has cold winters and relatively cool summer with drastically escalated rain, in relation with lower altitudes, and frequent fog. Summers are warm with moderate rainfall, while the monsoon season is slightly cooler and features much heavier rain.ICAR- Directorate of Coldwater Fisheries Research, Bhimtal performed the field experimentation at the selected site. Fish culture is a temperature based practice hence is essential to have an optimum temperature for its growth and survival. Polytank is a suitable structure for this purpose, which favours the growth of the fish keeping the pond water warmer. Exotic carps Grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) and Common carp (Cyprinus carpio) seed was stocked @3.0-4.0 nos/m3 with species ratio 50:50. Fish were fed with rice polish and mustard oil cake coupled with 20% fresh azolla @ 5% of their body weight daily basis. Table sized fish were produced in six months after stocking of stunted yearlings of the size 30-40 gm. 38 kg/100m2 production was achieved with this technique in mid hill conditions. These Polylined tanks were also used for irrigation in horticulture crops and rainwater harvesting.The growth of grass carp was comparatively higher but common carp showed better climate resilience in terms of temperature tolerance for extremely lower and higher thermal regime.The fertile pond water used in horticulture crops showed a positive relation in terms of growth and production.

Keywords: rainfall, exotic, polytank, thermal regime

54 National Symposium on “Coldwater Fisheries Development in India: Innovative Approaches and Way Forward for Enhancing Hill Farmers Income”

(AQL-20) GARRA GOTYLA (GRAY 1830):- A NEW CANDIDATE SPECIES FOR ORNAMENTAL PURPOSE

Preeti Bhatt1*, R.S. Patiyal1, Bipin C. Pathak2

1Directorate of Coldwater fisheries Research (ICAR), Bhimtal Nainital 2 Department of Zoology, L.S.M. Govt. P.G. College Pithoragarh *Corresponding author: [email protected]

ABSTRACT Ornamental fish industry has huge potential in tropical countries like India. The ornamental fish trade and its associated industries have important economic status. In India total 405 ornamental species are recorded, among the species, 250 species from North- East hills and 155 from Western Ghats (Karthick et al. 2019). The majority of freshwater fishes are currently included in the ornamental trade. Among the species due to his specific characters Garra gotyla as ornament fish has great potential. In India and all over the world 73 species of Garra is recognized. The Garra gotyla is native species of India and spread all over in south Asia. In India Garra is reported to all along the Himalayan region, Assam and in North part of India also reported from Vindhya- Satpura Mountains and Chota Nagpur plateau. Garra is herbivorous fish, eats algae and phytoplankton. It is blackish brown fish with sparse and insignificant marking over body. This species is reported in Nepal as coldwater fish with maximum 150mm size (Jha et al. 2005). This fish has a great potential as aquaria cleaner ornamental candidate fish for coldwater sector because Garra gotyla is compatible with other species and hardy in nature. As it is most common food fish too of Himalaya region this species also attracts importance for conservation and management in water resources of Indian Himalayan region. Keeping the view, Directorate of Coldwater Fisheries Research, Bhimtal developed a breeding and mass scale seed production protocol of Garra gotyla. Breeding trial was carried out successfully in 2018 and 2019 using Ova prim hormone. As Quality, quantity and sustainability are three important pre requisite to prosper ornament sector, it has been felt that for the mass scale seed production of this valued fish Garra gotyla, there is a need to establish a brood banking.

Keywords: Ornamental fish, Ichthyofaunal diversity, Herbivorous

55 National Symposium on “Coldwater Fisheries Development in India: Innovative Approaches and Way Forward for Enhancing Hill Farmers Income”

(AQL-21) DOMINANCE OF MALE SEX AND NON- SYNCHRONISATION IN GONADAL MATURITY OF SNOW TROUT (SCHIZOTHORAX RICHARDSONII)

Sheetal Sharma*, H. C. S. Bisht and N. N. Pandey1

Department of Zoology, D. S. B Campus, Kumaun University, Nainital 1ICAR-Directorate of Coldwater Fisheries Research, Bhimtal- 263136, Uttarakhand, India *Corresponding author: seeya2993@gmail com.

ABSTRACT Mountains are early indicators of climate change with the continuous shift of zero temperature line (snow line) towards higher altitudes having major changes in the form of increasing temperature, drought and erratic precipitation pattern. This climatic transforming situation affects the hill aquaculture for reproduction and growth pattern. Increasing temperature, diurnal fluctuation in temperature, water scarcity, habitat change and draught like situation are the challenges for existence of ichthyofaunal diversity in mountainous streams. Coldwater indigenous fish, Snow trout is the major fish in the streams of Indian Himalayan region. Study was conducted for wild stock of snow trout for status of sex ratio and gonadal maturity. Mature fishes of Schizothorax richardsonii of age group 2-3 years with females having length of 204-325 mm and weight 118-340 g and males having 160-280 mm length and 50-110 g weight were caught by cast net from the streams located at Sirodi, Bhowali and Chafi, a tributary of the Gola river district Nainital, state Uttarakhand (Lattitude 290 21’N, Longitude 790 34’E, 1370 masl). The wild catch reflect the less availability of mature brooder in the stream. However, presence of the specimen of all life stages indicates the natural recruitment of the studied fish. During the breeding season, catch stock has 1: 3.6 (female: male) sex ration, which reflects the dominance of male population over the females.GSI values reflects the maturity of females during the 2nd week of August, while males become mature one month advance and remain mature during the July to Late August. Hence, non- synchronization situation was observed in the gonadal maturity of both the sexes, which adversely affected the duration of breeding season. However, this breeding season vary at different geographical locations due to thermal variation. Shrinking of breeding season due to non-synchronization in gonadal maturity might be due to climate changing situation, which is subject to a further study.

Keywords: climate change, zero temperature, snow trout, male sex, non-synchronisation.

56 National Symposium on “Coldwater Fisheries Development in India: Innovative Approaches and Way Forward for Enhancing Hill Farmers Income”

(AQL-22) SEX WISE VARIATION IN HEMATOLOGICAL PARAMETERS OF WILD STOCK OF SNOW TROUT (SCHIZOTHORAX RICHARDSONII)

Uzma Siddiqui1*, H.C.S. Bisht1, N N. Pandey2

1Department of Zoology, D.S.B.Campus, Kumaun University, Nainital, Uttarakhand, India. 2ICAR-Directorate of Coldwater Fisheries Research Bhimtal, Uttarakhand-263136, India. *Corresponding author: [email protected]

ABSTRACT An attempt has been made to explore the hematological variation in male and female Schizothorax richardsonii collected from wild source. The purpose of study is to obtain baseline data on blood cell size, blood cell morphology and to investigate the sex wise variation in hematological parameters such as total erythrocyte count (TEC), total leukocyte count (TLC), hemoglobin (Hb), packed cell volume (PCV), mean corpuscular volume (MCV), mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH) and mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC). Specimen were collected from the Shipra stream in Kumaon region of Uttarakhand. The average values of different hematological parameters were observed as Total Erythrocyte count 1.7×106 /µl, Total leukocyte count 20.4×106 /µl, Hemoglobin 8.7g/dl, Packed Cell Volume25.4%, Mean corpuscular volume 37.3fl Mean corpuscular hemoglobin 109.7pg and Mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration34% for males and Total Erythrocyte count 1.5×106 /µl, Total leukocyte count 26.4×106 /µl, Hemoglobin 8.4g/dl, Packed Cell Volume24.8%, Mean corpuscular volume 49.4fl Mean corpuscular hemoglobin 146pg and Mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration 33.9% for females, respectively. The observed size of the RBC was 14.15µm which is oval in shape. In general, observed results did not show significant difference in RBC between male and female S. richardsonii but showed significant difference (p<0.05) in case of MCV and MCH sex wise, WBC also showed highly significant difference(p<0.05) with respect to sex in wild condition, as WBC,s were in higher side in females as compared to males, might be due to egg carriage stage, infection, or adverse condition in female. The present study is helpful to understand the wellness and health status of stock in natural habitat.

Keywords: Schizothorax richardsonii, Hematological variation, WBC, RBC, Hemoglobin, Hematocrict

57 National Symposium on “Coldwater Fisheries Development in India: Innovative Approaches and Way Forward for Enhancing Hill Farmers Income”

(AQL-23) OBSERVATIONS ON DEVELOPMENTAL ABNORMALITIES IN EMBRYOS AND HATCHLINGS OF BLACK MAHSEER NAZIRITOR CHELYNOIDES (MC CLELLAND) A COLD WATER STREAM FISH

S.G.S. Zaidi*, Gopal Chandra, A.K.Singh and D. Sarma

ICAR-Directorate of Coldwater Fisheries Research, Bhimtal, Uttarakhand *Corresponding author: [email protected]

ABSTRACT A very characteristic suite of developmental defects, embryos abnormalities, including conjoined twins, yolk sac edema, spinal curvature (lordosis or scoliosis) and reduction in the size of hatchlings, and other presumptive abnormalities were observed in developing embryos and hatchlings of black mahseer Tor chelionoides a coldwater stream fish. These abnormalities were noticed in one of the breeding batch of eggs that were collected after natural spawning of this species in controlled aquarium conditions without use of hormone. Total 38 numbers of deformed embryos and hatchlings were segregated from the incubating hatching trays. Out of these, three embryos were conjoined twins with two distinguished head and one fused abdomen that were survived for eight days. Similarly six hatchlings were having twisted spinal cord. Some of the hatchlings have abnormal yolk sac and de-formalities in head and tail region. None of abnormal hatchling were able to survive for more than 10 days. Numbers of environmental factors may be responsible for inducing deformities in fish embryo or larvae. These abnormalities may be impact of environmental variables or some nutritional deficiency in parent fish. Exact reasons for the occurrence of such abnormalities are not known. Such fish teratology characters were observed in adult specimens of some cold water rivers and streams fishes. There are no available records of teratology studies on early developmental stages of cold water fishes. These observations may give some further information on early developmental stages of fish teratology studies.

Keywords: Naziritor chelynoides, Teratology, Abnormal Embryos.

58 National Symposium on “Coldwater Fisheries Development in India: Innovative Approaches and Way Forward for Enhancing Hill Farmers Income”

(AQL-24) SEXUAL DIMORPHISM CHARACTERS, BREEDING TUBERCLES AND DOMINANCE COURTSHIP BEHAVIOUR OF MALE HILL TROUT (BARILIUS BENDELISIS) DURING THE SPAWNING PERIOD

S.G.S.Zaidi*, A.K. Singh, N.N. Pandey and Debajit Sarma

ICAR-Directorate of Coldwater Fisheries Research, Bhimtal, Uttarakhand *Corresponding author: [email protected]

ABSTRACT Sexual dimorphism characters, dominance courtship behaviour and occurrence of breeding tubercles during spawning and breeding season in male Hill Trout were studied within an experimental glass tank. Sexual dimorphism characters in male fish were well developed during the breeding season. Male develop very prominent breeding tubercles on snout region and numerous elongated spine-like structures called unculi on body scales. Tubercles are multi cellular epidermal structures that often support a conical keratin cap. The function of these breeding tubercles is still not clear but it believed to facilitating contact between individuals during spawning. Dominant males shows higher level of aggressive behavior during spawning season to maintain their territory and breeding nest. In the courtship behaviour the dominant male making quivering and butting movement against the other rival males. Butting against the female was often slightly more gentle than butting against the rival male. In this butting, the male bumped the female physically with its forehead. This is the first reported observation that Hill Trout have nesting behaviour. Usually dominant male establish its breeding territories and dig nest pits on the gravel surface to attract females. Several such breeding nest pits were observed in a tank. Dominant male usually fight when other male approaches towards the nesting pit. The two male circle each other head to tail with displaying erected dorsal and anal fin often biting each other on the flanks and tail and dominant male try to keep away the approaching other male from the breeding nesting pit. Dominant male usually circles next to a female. Erection of the dorsal fins and the anal fin by the male fish were observed during courtship period. The male frequently vibrating its anal fin, with this act male try to burrow the fertilized eggs deep in the spawning pit. After spawning is over parents were not guarding their nest thus show no parental care for their off springs. The aim of present study was to observe whether breeding tubercles could be related to male dominance status by examining courtship and mating behaviors. Furthermore dominance characters of male may be preferred by females to improve their progeny.

Keywords: Sexual dimorphism, Breeding Tubercles, Courtship Behaviour

59 National Symposium on “Coldwater Fisheries Development in India: Innovative Approaches and Way Forward for Enhancing Hill Farmers Income”

(AQL-25) POTENTIAL AND SCOPE OF COLD WATER FISHERIES DEVELOPMENT TOWARDS THE LIVELIHOOD SECURITY OF THE INDIGENOUS TRIBAL COMMUNITY OF ARAKU VALLEY, ANDHRA PRADESH

Jettiboina Mahija* and Sathish Chennuri

FRHPHM Division, ICAR-Central Institute of Fisheries Education, Mumbai-400061 *Corresponding author: [email protected]

ABSTRACT Araku valley is a famous hill station, spreading around 36 square km on the Eastern Ghats of Andhra Pradesh, at an altitude of about 1300 m above the sea level. Gosthani is the major rain- fed river in this valley, exhibiting a dendritic pattern of drainage receiving an average rainfall of 110 cm. This valley enjoys a moderate climate throughout the year, at an average annual temperature of 22.8 °C, and the winter temperature drops to 18.2 °C during December. The valley abounds in hill streams and provides potential suitable habitat for the stream-dwelling cold water cyprinid fishes like Crossocheilus latius, Danio aequipinnatus, Garra mullya, Puntius conchonicus, Rasbora daniconius, Puntius chola, Puntius sophore, Nemacheilus denisonii, Lepidocephalus guntea, Channa gachua, Clarias batrachus. These fishes have been facing a drastic reduction in abundance, due to destruction of habitat, overexploitation and other anthropogenic mining activities. In order to sustain the management of these fishery resources and to develop an alternative livelihood for the indigenous tribal communities, promotion of technologies like fish culture, breeding, and rearing of ornamental fishes and ranching of food fishes would be preferable; this would uplift the economy of the tribal community and also maintains the ecological balance of the riverine ecosystem.

Keywords: cold water fisheries, livelihood security, Tribal community

60 National Symposium on “Coldwater Fisheries Development in India: Innovative Approaches and Way Forward for Enhancing Hill Farmers Income”

(AQL-26) PROBLEMS AND POSSIBLE SOLUTIONS FOR HILL FARMING IN CHAMPAWAT DISTRICT OF UTTARAKHAND

Kushagra Pant*, Kavya Kallingapuram, Bhawna Gehlot, Harish Chandra Sati and Suresh Chandra

ICAR- Directorate of Coldwater Fisheries Research, Bhimtal: 263136, Nainital, Uttarakhand *Corresponding author: [email protected]

ABSTRACT Uttarakhand state is endowed with rich aquatic resources and comprised of about 2,700 km of fast flowing rivers, 24,200 hectares of reservoirs, 297 hectares of lakes and about 2000 hectares of ponds/tanks. Hill farming is largely characterized by low productivity, small land holdings, scarcity of agricultural land and irrigation facilities. Valuable aquatic resources could be suitably harnessed for the benefit of hilly people where unemployment is resulting to migration of youth from the hills. With a view to assess the major issues of the practicing fish farmers, present survey was conducted in Champawat district. From foot hill to mid hill Champawat district is spread over 250 - 1500 msl. Total forty practicing representative fish farmers of Champawat, Barakot, Lohaghat and Pati blocks were surveyed for base line data collection. Rank wise five major constraints encountered by farmers in fish farming were water scarcity followed by fish seed, feed, health problems, and land topography for fish tanks. Total 41.66% of surveyed farmers faced water scarcity related problems as a major constraint, 19.44% reported unavailability of good size seed, 16.66% as feed, 12.5% health problems and 9.72% farmers opined uneven site are constraints encountered in fish farming. Cyprinus carpio (common carp), Ctenopharyngodon idella (grass carp), Hypophthalmichthys molitrix (silver carp) and Oncorhynchus mykiss (rainbow trout) are the fish species being cultivated in the district. Impaired water supply during growing period i.e. in summer months, small size seed stocking, oxygen deficiency, low temperature regime, health problems like tail and fin rot, exophthalmia, cottony growth in tail and fin etc., unavailability of balanced fish feed and small size of tanks due to uneven land were the important constrains. Adequate water harvesting during rainy season, early stocking with stunted fingerlings, propagating use of small machines for making farm made pelleted feed, covering of ponds/tanks, use of traditional disinfects during fish handling regular monitoring of water quality are some of the measures found helped in increasing the productivity.

Keywords: Champawat, Fish Farming, Constraint, Stunted Fingerlings, Early Stocking

61 National Symposium on “Coldwater Fisheries Development in India: Innovative Approaches and Way Forward for Enhancing Hill Farmers Income”

(AQL-27) IDEAL PHYSICOCHEMICAL PARAMETERS OF WATER FOR FAIR WELL GROWTH OF MAHSEER

Pramod Chandra Khanduri1,2*, Dr. Poonam Tripathi2 and Dr. N. N. Pandey3

Kumaun University, Nainital, Uttarakhand 2M. B. Govt. P.G. College, Haldwani, Uttarakhand 1ICAR-Directorate of Coldwater Fisheries Research, Bhimtal, Nainital, Uttarakhand *Corresponding author: [email protected]

ABSTRACT 0.78% of the earth surface covered by freshwater ecosystem. There are approx 8,243 km long streams and rivers, 20,500 ha natural lakes, 50,000ha of reservoirs, both Natural and Manmade in the high altitude. Large number of indigenous and exotic cultivable and non cultivable fish species found in Coldwater Rivers and hill streams. Cold water fishes 258 species belongs to 21 families and 76 genera. Mahseer one of the major game fishes of Himalaya. Important species of Mahseer are Tor tor (Hamilton), Tor putitora (Hamilton), Tor mosel (Sykes) and Acrossocheilos hexagonolepis. Mahseer growth depends on the physicochemical parameters and plankton community of water. The main physicochemical parameters are Temperature, pH, Turbidity, TDS, DO, BOD, Alkalinity, Chloride, Total hardness, Phosphate and Nitrate. The whole purpose of present study is to put the flash on the Physicochemical parameters which are essential for the fair well growth of Mahseer.

Keywords: Mahseer, Physicochemical parameters, growth.

62 National Symposium on “Coldwater Fisheries Development in India: Innovative Approaches and Way Forward for Enhancing Hill Farmers Income”

(AQL-28) FISH SEED SUPPLY TRENDS DURING PRECEDING DECADE AS AN INDICATOR FOR ADOPTION OF AQUACULTURE BY FARMERS IN HILLY REGION OF UTTARAKHAND FOR ENHANCING INCOME

Ashutosh Mishra* and I. J. Singh

College of Fisheries, G.B. Pant University of Agriculture & Technology, Pantnagar- 263145, U.S. Nagar, Uttarakhand *Corresponding author: [email protected]

ABSTRACT Aquaculture with more than 9% compound growth rate is emerging as sunrise industry in the present decade. Uttarakhand, a land locked State, is endowed with abundant water resources in the form of 2700 km long rivers, more than 20000 ha reservoirs, 300 ha natural lakes, besides thousands of hectares of ponds which are used for culture of carps and other coldwater fishes. Further due to decline in fish production from capture fishery resources, it becomes imperative that more focus is laid on the development of aquaculture sector. Availability of quality fish seed to fish farmers is the most critical input for fish culture in the ponds and tanks to enhance fish production in the state. The College of Fisheries, G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar has been producing quality fish seed of cultivable carps for more than four decade and making them available to the fish growers throughout the year. The fish seed supplies for the last ten years during 2009 to 2019 shows that total fish seed supply to the farmers from College hatchery varied from 20.5 lakh to 55.01 lakh/ year with number of beneficiaries ranging from 123 to 281. However, in Sivalik range of Uttarakhand (3000-4000 feet asl) where average water temperature varied from 10- 30 0C, seed supply varies from 41870 to 601050 fingerlings involving 16 to 44 fish growers per year. During this period, the farmers from almost all hilly districts of Uttarakhand like Nainital, Almora, Bageswar, Champawat, Pithoragarh, Pauri, Tehri, Rudraprayag, Dehradun, Chamoli and from parts of Nepal have procured fish seed of commonly cultivable carps viz. grass carp, silver carp, amur carp and Indian major carps from the fish hatchery of College of Fisheries, Pantnagar. Though the farmers from these hilly districts prefer seed of grass carp, amur carp and silver carp but they also take some quantity of seed of Indian major carps. Introduction of amur carp in College hatchery in 2011 and availability of its seed regularly from 2013 in place of existing common carp is also helping in increasing fish production in hilly region of the Uttarakhand. Among the above hilly districts, Chamoli received maximum quantity of fish seed (77000 seeds) during 2009-10 while highest number of beneficiaries were from Nainital (14 farmers) during 2010-11. Available data also indicated that highest quantity of fish seed was supplied during July month while its supply was lowest in January. These observations are indicative of the fact that interest of farmers in hilly regions of Uttarakhand is increasing for taking fish culture in enhancing their farm income.

63 National Symposium on “Coldwater Fisheries Development in India: Innovative Approaches and Way Forward for Enhancing Hill Farmers Income”

(AQL-29) THE PERSPECTIVE ON RESEARCH & DEVELOPMENT NEEDS FOR MOUNTAIN AQUACULTURE IN ARUNACHAL PRADESH, INDIA

Santoshkumar Abujam and Debangshu Narayan Das*

Fisheries & Aquatic Ecology Research Unit, Department of Zoology, Rajiv Gandhi University, Rono Hills, Doimukh-791112, Arunachal Pradesh *Corresponding author: [email protected]

ABSTRACT Arunachal Pradesh–the remotest frontier state of India, falls under eastern Himalayan biodiversity hotspot and there by its vast hilly riverine and other linked water bodies harbour worthy diversity of ichthyofauna. Despite being enriched with resources, the aquatic habitats are seldom utilized for the purpose of culture fishery production particularly in high (>1800m asl) and middle (1200-1800m asl) altitudes. Presently, due to changing climate, anthropocentric interventions and people’s continued community fishing habits, the diversity of aquatic resources are rapidly declining in most of the open waters in the state. In the process of endeavours, towards lake farming and ranching in higher altitude streams & rivers, the exotic trouts i.e. Samo trutta fario (brown) and Onchorhynchus mykiss (rain bow) respectively in Nuranang, Tawang District and Shergaon, West Kameng District have successfully been initiated besides right adaptabilities of the eurythermal strains of common carp Cyprinus carpio. In mid altitude water bodies, efforts were made to adapt composite culture systems of Indian and exotic carps particularly in smaller lakes, natural ponds as well as in seasonal rice wet lands. Inspite of the promise and potential of those systems, people’s participation for pisciculture were found still much localised amongst most of the inhabitaing communities in the state. However, it is assumed that achieving captive or raceway culture of endemic food fishes like Tor putitora, Neolissocheilus hexagonolepis, Schizothorax progastus, Semiplotus semiplotus, Labeo pangusia, L. dero, L. dyocheilus, Raimus bola etc., may further allure the farmers in taking up culture systems. It would really be more consistent if those lotic species are firmly domesticated for captive or manageable water bodies through standardization of the seed production technique. This article is therefore intended to highlight the needs of novelty in research & development for mountain aquaculture prioritizing endemic fin and shell fishes of local importance.

Keywords: Diversity, endemic, domestication, mountain aquaculture, seed production, Arunachal Pradesh

64 National Symposium on “Coldwater Fisheries Development in India: Innovative Approaches and Way Forward for Enhancing Hill Farmers Income”

(AQL-30) SPAWNING INDUCTION IN GARRA LAMTA AND CAPTIVE REARING OF LARVAE

Pragyan Dash*, R.S. Tandel, Raja Adil H. Bhat, Gopal Ch. Arya, T. Pandey, and D. Sarma

ICAR-Directorate of Coldwater Fisheries Research, Bhimtal, Uttarakhand *Corresponding author: [email protected]

ABSTRACT Stone suckers belonging to genus Garra are one of the suitable substitutes for the most popular aquarium algae eater, common pleco considering its threat as an invasive species in several countries including India. Present study was conducted to develop a breeding protocol for Garra lamta, collected from Kumaon region of Uttarakhand. G. lamta was induced bred by intramuscular ovatide administration to both females and males. The fish spawned during 6-7 hrs of injection. The total number of eggs spawned in the induced spawning ranged from 1500- 2000 eggs per 10g female with a fertilization rate from 60-85% and hatching rate of 90%. Suitable incubation temperature range is 22-24 °C. The morpho-indicative features of eggs were round and transparent. Fertilized eggs of G. lamta were of 1.15-1.18 mm in diameter. Hatching started 36h post fertilization and completed 50h post fertilization. Suitable incubation temperature range is 22-24 °C. Survival after hatching was estimated at around 90%. Yolk sac absorption was completed after 96 hrs of hatching. Yolk sac absorbed larvae were fed with infusorians or green water for 10 days. Further larval rearing was carried out in the controlled condition with egg custard and prepared feed.

Keywords: Garra lamta, breeding, larval rearing, algae eater

65 National Symposium on “Coldwater Fisheries Development in India: Innovative Approaches and Way Forward for Enhancing Hill Farmers Income”

(AQL-31) CAPTIVE REARING AND BREEDING OF LABEO PANGUSIA AT NAMERI ECO CAMP ASSAM

Debajit Sarma1, Kaustubh Bhagawati2* and Atul Borgohain3

1ICAR-Directorate of Coldwater Fisheries Research, Bhimtal-263136, Nainital, Uttarakhand, India, 2College of Fisheries, Assam Agricultural University, Raha, Nagaon, Assam 3College of Veterinary Science, Assam Agricultural University, Khanapara, Guwahati, Assam *Corresponding author: [email protected]

ABSTRACT Labeo pangusia is a prized hill stream carp predominantly found in the deeper pools of upland streams. It shares similar habitats to those of mahseer and is sometimes considered as the ‘rohu’ of the hilly region perhaps due to its resemblance with Labeo rohita. An attempt was made for captive rearing and breeding of L. pangusia at Nameri Eco Camp, Assam, India. The breeding trial commenced with the selection of male and female broodstock. The broodstock were of 3+ years in age and were reared in a cemented tank of size 200 m2. Only broodstock that had fully attained gonadal maturity under pond conditions were selected. The length of the brooders ranged from 35-50 cm and they weighed between 1.0-2.0 kg. The brooders were administered with inducing agent Ovatide @ 0.5ml-1ml/kg body-weight in both male and female brooders (2:1 ratio). The fish were kept in breeding hapas overnight for courtship and mating. Spawning occurred 6-8 hours after hormone injection with 70% fertilization success. The fertilised eggs were transparent, white and round in shape. A total of 750,000-8 00,000 fertilised eggs were achieved during the breeding trial. In order to save the germ plasm of Labeo pangusia from extinction in nature, it is important to culture them in pond conditions and propagate their seed on a large scale for rehabilitation of the fish in the natural eco-systems.

Keywords: Labeo pangusia, Assam, Ovatide

66 National Symposium on “Coldwater Fisheries Development in India: Innovative Approaches and Way Forward for Enhancing Hill Farmers Income”

(AQL-32) EFFECT OF FISH SILAGE SUPPLEMENTED DIETS ON GROWTH AND HEALTH STATUS OF PANGAS CATFISH, PANGASIANODON HYPOPHTHALMUS FINGERLINGS

Injeela Khan, Vaneet Inder Kaur* and Surjya Narayan Datta

Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences University (GADVASU), Ludhiana – 141004, Punjab, India *Corresponding author: [email protected]

The study (120 days) was conducted to evaluate fish silage as potential animal protein source for Pangas catfish (P. hypophthalmus) fingerlings (mean weight 6.0 g) in indoor FRP tanks (water capacity 1000 lit). Four experimental diets (D2-D5) were prepared by replacing fishmeal at 50% (D2) and 100% (D3) and mixture of soybean and groundnut meal at 25% (D4) and 50% (D5) levels with fish (formic acid fermented) silage. Diet D6 was prepared without any animal protein source (neither fishmeal nor fish silage), while D1 served as control (without fish silage having fish meal). The growth performance and feed efficiency of pangas enhanced in fish silage supplemented diets with significantly higher values (P≤0.05) for NWG, SGR and PER in D3 (19.00, 2.47 and 0.51) and minimum value of FCR (2.02). Improved health status of fish in terms of Hb, haematocrit, blood serum protein and albumin levels also indicated fish silage as quality ingredient. Biochemical parameters such as LDL and VLDL too showed significantly higher values (p≤0.05) in D3 (110.00 and 11.32 mgdl-1), whereas HDL was significantly higher in D1 (53.00 mgdl-1) as compared to all experimental diets. Significantly higher values for stress indicator i.e. ALT and AST were observed in D4 (20.67 and 232.00 IU l-1) and minimum in D6 (16.00 and 63.33 IU l-1). The overall results of present study revealed fish silage as alternative potential protein ingredient for Pangas catfish in terms of improved growth, feed efficiency and health status.

Keywords: Pangasius, fish silage, fish growth, animal protein, fish meal

67 National Symposium on “Coldwater Fisheries Development in India: Innovative Approaches and Way Forward for Enhancing Hill Farmers Income”

(AQL-33) ORNAMENTAL FISH AQUA GARDENING: AN START-UP APPROACH TOWARDS LIVELIHOOD SECURITY OF MID HILL REGION PEOPLE

R.S. Patiyal ICAR-Directorate of Coldwater Fisheries Research, Bhimtal, Nainital, Uttarakhand, India

ABSTRACT The demand of ornamental fishes is increasing remarkably due to their important role in the world trade for fish and fishery production. The export of ornamental fishes from India is worth only US$0.2 million, which is not sufficient with regard to the rising demand of these beautiful colored species in the world ornamental fish market. This may be attributed to the lack of involvement of technical people in ornamental fish farming. In India the Coldwater fisheries is one of the important inland fisheries sector which has a great potential in generating rural income and providing livelihood security to the economically under privileged population residing in upland areas of Indian Himalaya. In India the State of Uttarakhand is abundant in fish species diversity, including food as well as ornamental fishes in various types of water sources both natural and manmade. In this state the snow fed rivers and spring waters have immense potential as ornamental fish resource of the region. Different varieties of ornamental fishes are found in these streams (Barilius species, Namacheilus species, Botia species, Puntius species etc.). Besides the availability of resources people are not that much aware of ornamental fisheries of this region and these resources are yet to be developed. It is of paramount importance that breeding and see production is required for the sustainable development for the people inhabiting the geographical areas of Himalayas. In this regards, various indigenous and exotic ornamental fishes have been surveyed and collected for captive breeding and brood stock management. Ornamental fishes of the region have been deposited in Germplasm repository of DCFR and the techniques of brood stock development and captive breeding of indigenous as well as was exotic ornamental fishes was carried out successfully. So far breeding and seed production protocol of Barilius bendelisis, Garra gotyla, koi carp and gold fish have been developed. Directorate of Cold Water Fisheries is actively working in the development of package of practice of theses ornamental fishes. To disseminate the techniques to the farmer level recently DCFR has developed a package of practices for ornamental fish aqua gardening. Aqua gardening in backyards gardening includes a ornamental fishes like Barilius, koi carp and gold fish. Developed a package for backyard gardening is having income of Rs. 110/- to 130/- Rs per square fit area and this package of practices have been demonstrated and implemented to field of many farmers of hill region. Recent success of aqua gardening practices, farmers of the area are showing their keen interest as they are getting direct cash benefits. This initiative has supported the livelihood of people specially woman folk and people of hill region.

68 National Symposium on “Coldwater Fisheries Development in India: Innovative Approaches and Way Forward for Enhancing Hill Farmers Income”

(FSN-01) STATUS OF FISH NUTRITION RESEARCH IN INDIA: A REVIEW

Mukhtar A. Khan

Fish Nutrition Research Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh-202002, India Corresponding author: [email protected]; Ph: +919412272587:

ABSTRACT India is the second largest fish producer in the world with a total production of 12.60 million metric tonnes in 2017-18. Inland fish production is 8.19 million metric tonnes of which nearly 2% (0.163 million metric tonnes) comes from upland areas. This is a very small contribution to the total inland fish production in India. It is due to non-availability of nutritionally balanced indigenous commercial feeds. In order to formulate nutritionally balanced feeds there is a dire need of determining the nutritional requirement of concerned species and scanning of nutrient profile of locally available feed ingredient. The above information will enable us to develop indigenous feeds for their culture. This would lessen our dependence on imported feeds, leading to the cost-effective fish production. Although substantial and systematic information is available on Indian warmwater cultivable fish species, fragmented information is available on the nutritional requirement of Indian cultivable coldwater fish species. Currently, most of the coldwater fish culture is based on feeds which are not nutritionally balanced but a mixture of certain ingredients. There is a need to generate complete information on nutritional requirement of Indian cultivable coldwater fish species in order to develop nutritionally balanced cost- effective formulated feeds.

Keywords: Nutrient requirement, feeds, fishes

69 National Symposium on “Coldwater Fisheries Development in India: Innovative Approaches and Way Forward for Enhancing Hill Farmers Income”

(FSN-02) ACUTE HIGH DOSE OF L- LYSINE AMINO ACID LEADS DEGENERATIVE TOXIC EFFECTS ON KIDNEY, LIVER AND BLOOD IN ANIMALS – A LAB STUDY

B.S. Dhami

Department of Zoology, Bareilly College, Bareilly-243005, U.P. Corresponding author: [email protected]

ABSTRACT L-lysine is an essential amino acid which is used in medical practices as a growth promoter of bones specially in infants. Important work on metabolism and functions of amino acids in the body of man in health and major diseases has been reported by Munro (1964, 1982, 1983), Wannemacher (1977), Crim & Munro (1977). These workers evaluated the key role of various amino acids in host response to infections. Munro also evaluated protein & amino acids requirements in relation to define formula diet for medical purposes. L- lysine is not synthesized by body, therefore, it must be taken either by diet or supplementation. Lysine first of all isolated from casein in 1889 and introduced as lysine hydrochloride in 1955. The recommended dose of lysine is 12mg/kg body weight. Toxicity of amino acids is least worked out, only few references are available in the toxicity of different amino acids. These has been worked out by Wachstein(1951), Walker et al.,(1964), Arendshorst et al., (1975), Solez et al., (1980), Venkatachalam (1980), Malis et al., (1982,1984), Recusen et al., (1985), B. S. Dhami (1994). Side effects of lysine supplements are very rare reported so far, in very large doses I.e. 10-30gm/ day, lysine may cause abdominal cramps, diarrhea, but no such evidences available that showing degenerative effects on renal functioning . Amino acids are used to treat renal failure and recently lysine is used to treat herpes so it is not strictly reported any toxic effect of lysine. In present study the effect of acute high dose of l-lysine amino acid (2mg/100gm body weight) shows toxic effects on kidney i.e. glomerulus dialation of the capillaries, glomerular haemorrhages and cloudy swelling of renal tubules. Acute exposure of l-lysine also shows toxicity on liver. In liver it leads swelling of hepatocytes, vacuolization, fatty degeneration and central vein dialation. These histopathological changes are supported by marked rise in level of blood urea, serum creatinine, blood sugar and serum cholesterol.

Keywords: L-lysine, renal failure, herpes, glomerular haemorrhages, cloudy swelling

70 National Symposium on “Coldwater Fisheries Development in India: Innovative Approaches and Way Forward for Enhancing Hill Farmers Income”

(FSN-03) GROWTH PERFORMANCE AND DIGESTIVE PHYSIOLOGY OF AMUR CARP FINGERLINGS REARED IN BIOFLOC BASED ZERO WATER EXCHANGE SYSTEMS

Kaustubh Bhagawati*, Imlichuba Imchen, Dipak Kumar Sarma and Sangipran Baishya

College of Fisheries, Assam Agricultural University, Raha, Nagaon, Assam *Corresponding author: [email protected]

ABSTRACT Biofloc technology has gained attentions recently as a sustainable and eco-friendly method of aquaculture. In the study, Amur common carp was selected as the candidate species because of its resistance to high density and omnivorous in feeding habit. The experiment trial was conducted for 90 days in rectangular cemented tanks of 1000L capacity. The tanks were provided with continuous aeration and the fishes were fed with microbial flocs along with varying levels of commercial diet. The treatments were used as Control or 100 % daily feeding rate, BFT+ 75 % daily feeding rate, BFT + 50 % daily feeding and BFT +25 % daily feeding rate. The highest growth rate of 150±0.75gms was observed in BFT+25% treatment tanks where the floc volume was also reported to be 42.06±3.60mgL-1. The digestive enzymes such as amylase, lipase and protease levels were significantly lower in BFT rearing units especially in treatments BFT (0) + 100 % and BFT + 50%. Among the biofloc treated tanks, BFT+25% treatment tanks yielded the best results in terms of average body weight gain, feed conversion ratio (FCR), specific growth rate (SGR), protein efficiency ratio (PER) and feed efficiency ratio (FER). Keywords: Biofloc Technology, Amur carp, Microbial flocs

71 National Symposium on “Coldwater Fisheries Development in India: Innovative Approaches and Way Forward for Enhancing Hill Farmers Income”

(FSN-04) COMPARATIVE EVALUATION OF AN ON-FARM PELLETED AND COMMERCIALLY EXTRUDED STARTER FEED FOR NURSERY REARING OF RAINBOW TROUT FRY

Biju Sam Kamalam*, Manchi Rajesh, Prakash Sharma, Md. Shahbaz Akhtar, Nityanand Pandey, Rabindar S. Patiyal, Debajit Sarma and Arul Victor Suresh

ICAR-Directorate of Coldwater Fisheries Research, Bhimtal, Uttarakhand, India *Corresponding author: [email protected]

ABSTRACT In rainbow trout farming in Indian uplands, feed availability is a major constraint for small-scale farmers in geographically remote locations. So in the context of self-reliance, we conducted a feeding experiment to compare the efficiency of an on-farm pelleted starter feed of known composition against a commercially extruded feed made for multiple carnivorous fish species. The nutritional composition (proximate and amino acid profile) of the two feeds were analysed and were found to meet the fish’s requirements. Triplicate group of rainbow trout fry (0.73 g) were fed either of the diets, four times daily, to visual satiation, for 5 weeks. At the end of the trial, mean final body weight (4.9-5.2 g), weight gain (569-614%) and growth rate estimates, i.e., thermal growth coefficient (1.3) and specific growth rate (5.4-5.6) were high in both groups, but not significantly different. Likewise, the feed conversion ratio (0.93-0.96) and metabolic 0.8 oxygen consumption (6.2-6.3 mgO2/kg /min) did not differ between the two dietary groups. Body condition factor of fishes was marginally better (1.3 versus 1.2) in the on-farm feed group. Survival was, however, significantly reduced (83.6 versus 93.5%) in the on-farm diet fed group, as compared to the commercial diet group. The physical characteristics of the farm-made feed pellet and the higher postprandial ammonia concentration in the on-farm diet fed fish tanks were the observed limitations. Overall, though the on-farm pelleted starter feed can elicit satisfactory growth response in rainbow trout nurseries, caution should be exercised regarding its impact on water quality and fish survival.

72 National Symposium on “Coldwater Fisheries Development in India: Innovative Approaches and Way Forward for Enhancing Hill Farmers Income”

(FSN-05) EFFICACY OF AMLA (EMBLICA OFFICINALIS) IN ACHEIVING BETTER GROWTH PERFORMANCE IN TERMS OF MUSCLE PROXIMATE COMPOSITION OF ROHU (LABEO ROHITA), GRASS CARP (CTENOPHARYNGODON IDELLA) & NAIN (CIRRHINUS MRIGALA) FINGERLINGS IN TARAI CONDITIONS OF UTTARAKHAND.

Mahima Tamta* and Amita Saxena Department of Fisheries Resource Management, College of Fisheries, G.B.P.U.A&T., Pantnagar Corresponding author: [email protected]

ABSTRACT The goal of the fisheries industry is to optimize the growth and to produce quality fish but the diseases outbreak in fish farming is a major concern, the high vulnerability of fish to stress and the diseases have forced fish farmers to shift their focus towards maintaining the fish against infectious disease, so that they can achieve sustainable economic performances. In order to rectify this problem the use of immunostimulants is an easy tool. The use of immunostimulants can enhance activities in the nonspecific defense mechanism, increase resistance to infectious disease by enhancing inherent humoral and cellular defense mechanisms and ultimately enhance growth and overall improvement in fish. Vitamins are one of the well known immunostimulants with special importance in modulating the immune system of fish. Emblica officinalis, is also known as Phyllanthus emblica or amla, has been used in Ayurveda, the ancient system of Indian medicine. Amla has been used for curing many disorders such as common cold, scurvy, cancer and heart diseases. It is supposed that the major factor responsible for all these curing activities is Vitamin C (Ascorbic acid). Amla is a natural, effective, antioxidant and is known for the richest natural source of antioxidant vitamin C. The present study was conducted to evaluate the effect of different concentrations of amla as a feed additive on the muscle proximate parameters of Rohu, Grass carp, & Nain fingerlings. Four experimental diets, T0, T1, T2 and T3, were prepared with dried amla powder as a feed additive mixed @ 0% (Control), 1%, 5% and 10% of feed, respectively. The results showed that the muscle proximate composition were better in all the fishes fed with T3 (10% dried amla per kg feed) in respect to muscle protein, muscle fat, muscle carbohydrate, moisture & ash. Length, weight, Feed Conversion Ratio, Feed Conversion Efficiency, survival rate and weight gain were also studied. All the results obtained were also statistically checked and found to be significant (P > 0.05).

Keywords: vitamin C, Emblica officinalis, Rohu.

73 National Symposium on “Coldwater Fisheries Development in India: Innovative Approaches and Way Forward for Enhancing Hill Farmers Income”

(FSN-06) THE EFFECT OF VITAMIN C, ACHYRANTHES ASPERA AND LEMNA MINOR INCORPORATED DIETS ON THE GROWTH, FATTY ACID AND AMINO ACID PROFILES OF SNOW TROUT SCHIZOTHORAX RICHARDSONII (GREY) FRY

Guddu Kumar1, JaiGopal Sharma2 and Rina Chakrabarti1

1Department of Zoology, University of Delhi, Delhi – 110007, India 2Department of Biotechnology, Delhi Technological University, Delhi - 110042, India *Corresponding author: [email protected]

ABSTRACT The snow trout Schizothorax richardsonii (Grey) is an economically important species in the Himalayan region. The present study aimed to evaluate the impact of enriched diets on the physiology of snow trout fry (118.26 ± 5.43 mg). Fish were fed with five diets: 0.08% vitamin C (diet 1), 0.5% seeds of Achyranthes aspera (diet 2), diet 3 was the combination of diets 1 and 2, Lemna minor (15%) was supplemented in diet 4 and control diet (diet 5). The final average weight was significantly (p<0.05) higher in diet 3 fed fish compared to others. This group was followed by fish fed diets 2, 1, 4 and 5. Amylase, total protease, trypsin, chymotrypsin and lipase activities were significantly (p<0.05) higher in diet 3. In diet 4, n-6 and n-3 PUFA contents were lower compared to other diets. Muscles composition showed that there was no significant difference in PUFA contents of different diets fed snow trout. Expression of delta-6 desaturase was significantly (p<0.05) higher in fish fed diets 3 and 4 compared to others. Expressions of fatty acid synthase, elovl2 and elovl5 were significantly (p<0.05) higher in fish fed diet 4 compared to others.

Keywords: Achyranthes aspera, Schizothorax richardsonii, Lemna minor, vitamin C, Fatty acids, fads2d6,

74 National Symposium on “Coldwater Fisheries Development in India: Innovative Approaches and Way Forward for Enhancing Hill Farmers Income”

(FSN-07) FOOD AND FEEDING INTENSITY OF PETHIA CONCHONIUS (HAMILTON, 1822) AND TRICHOGASTER FASCIATA BLOCH & SCHNEIDER, 1801

Kamei Lanthaimeilu ICAR-Central Institute of Fisheries Education, Yari Road Campus, Andheri (W), Mumbai-61, Maharashtra, India Corresponding author: [email protected]

ABSTRACT The study was done for Pethia conchonius (Hamilton, 1822) and Trichogaster fasciata Bloch & Schneider, 1801, for a period of one-year base on food occurrence, RGL and GaSI. Their morphology is quite similar in respect of their body as compressed body which inferred their column feeding habit. Food and feeding are one of the most important aspects of fish biology. Feeding activity influences the growth and productivity of fishes. The amount of food consumed by a species greatly differ from one species to another species. It also varies due to season, size of the fish, age of the fish, mouth morphometry and its availability in the environment where they thrive. The food items contain in the gut of T. fasciata is 53 and that of P. conchonius is 39. Chlorophycea was dominant in T. fasciata and Cyanophycea was dominant in P. conchonius. The presence of egg was observed in the group size of 40-45mmSL for both the species. The present study reveals that both the species change their feeding habits from carni-omnivorous to herbi-omnivorous as it increases in size which was known from the change in value of RGL in different size group. The higher value of RGL and feeding intensity, GaSI was seen in T. fasciata as compare to P. conchonius. Even though both the species thrive in the same niche there is not much competition in the feeding habits as their food preference is different.

Keywords: Pethia, food and feeding, growth, productivity

75 National Symposium on “Coldwater Fisheries Development in India: Innovative Approaches and Way Forward for Enhancing Hill Farmers Income”

(FSN-08) EFFECT OF PROBIOTICS SUPPLEMENTATION ON GROWTH PERFORMANCE OF INDIAN MAJOR CARP, CATLA CATLA

Deepshikha, Akansha Khati* and Priyanka Arya

College of Fisheries, G. B. Pant University of Agriculture & Technology, Pantnagar -263145 (Uttarakhand), INDIA

ABSTRACT A feed trial was conducted to investigate the effect of varying levels of probiotics (lactobacillus, streptococcus and bifidobacterium) on growth parameters viz. specific growth rate (SGR), feed conversion efficiency (FCE) and feed conversion ratio (FCR) of Catla catla fingerlings. The fingerlings weighing 12.23 ±2.00 g were distributed randomly into three treatment groups T1, T2 and T3. Three iso-caloric and isonitrogenous (28%, crude protein) diets were prepared by mixing rice polish, deoiled mustard oil cake, maize flour and vitamin mineral mixture. The feed

additive containing probiotics was incorporated into diet D2 @ 5% and D3 @ 10%. Probiotics was not added to control diet D1. T1 group fishes were fed with D1 diet, T2 with D2 and T3 with D3 @ 5% body weight per day for a period of 60 days. The water quality parameters were monitored regularly. The results of the study indicated that fishes of treatment T3 showed significantly better growth performance than those of T2 and T1. Fingerlings fed with diet D3 achieved higher SGR (1.358±0.026), FCE (1.065±0.023) and FCR (0.939±0.018) as compared to other treatment. Thus it is recommended that the inclusion of the lactobacillus, streptococcus and bifidobacterium in combination @ 10% in diet of Catla catla is useful to get the best growth results with no harmful effects on the environment.

Keywords: Specific growth rate, probiotics, FCR, Catla catla

76 National Symposium on “Coldwater Fisheries Development in India: Innovative Approaches and Way Forward for Enhancing Hill Farmers Income”

(FSN-09) DIETARY METHIONINE REQUIREMENT OF FINGERLING CHANNA PUNCTATUS BASED ON GROWTH, CONVERSION EFFICIENCY AND BODY COMPOSITION

Yusra Sharf and Mukhtar Ahmad Khan*

Fish Nutrition Research Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh 202 002, India *Corresponding author: [email protected]; Ph: +919412272587:

ABSTRACT A 12-week feeding trial was conducted to determine the dietary L-methionine requirement of fingerling Channa punctatus (10.25±0.06 cm; 8.15±0.39 g) based on growth, feed conversion, protein retention efficiency and body composition. Casein–gelatin based isonitrogenous (45% crude protein) and isocaloric (14.73 kJ/g DE) amino acid test diets with six levels of L-methionine (0.5%; 0.75%; 1.00%, 1.25%; 1.5%; 2.0% dry diet) were prepared and hand-fed to triplicate groups of fish to apparent satiation twice daily at 8.00 AM and 4.00 PM. Absolute weight gain (AWG; 32.4 g/fish), Specific growth rate, (SGR; 1.91%/day), feed conversion ratio (FCR; 1.53), protein retention efficiency (PRE; 23.63%) and body protein (15.6%) of fish fed graded levels of dietary methionine increased significantly (P < 0.05) up to 1.25%. Further inclusion of dietary methionine resulted to significant decline in above parameters. Based on quadratic regression analyses of AWG, SGR, FCR, PRE against varying levels of dietary methionine, optimum dietary methionine requirement of fingerling C. punctatus is recommended in the range of 1.0 -1.24% of the dry diet, corresponding to 2.24–2.75% protein.

Keywords: Growth, methionine, requirement, Channa punctatus

77 National Symposium on “Coldwater Fisheries Development in India: Innovative Approaches and Way Forward for Enhancing Hill Farmers Income”

(FSN-10) EFFECTS OF VARIOUS RATIOS OF FISH AND SESAME OIL ON GROWTH, CONVERSION EFFICIENCY AND CARCASS COMPOSITION OF FINGERLING INDIAN MAJOR CARP, LABEO ROHITA (HAMILTON, 1822)

Kazi Sabnam Siddiqua and Mukhtar A. Khan*

Fish Nutrition Research Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh-202002, India *Corresponding author: [email protected], Ph: +919412272587:

ABSTRACT To optimize the ratio of fish and sesame oil, rich in source of n-3 and n-6 fatty acids, for inclusion in fish feeds, six casein-gelatin based iso-nitrogenous (400 g kg-1), iso-lipidic (100 g kg-1) and iso-caloric (17.97 kJ g-1 GE) experimental diets with different ratios of fish and sesame oil (10:0, 8:2, 6:4, 4:6, 2:8, 0:10) were fed to triplicate group of fingerling Labeo rohita (4.5±0.14 cm; 1.02±0.06 g) to apparent satiation for 8 weeks. The absolute weight gain, specific growth rate, feed conversion efficiency, protein efficiency ratio and body composition of fish fed diets containing 10:0, 8:2, 6:4 ratios of fish oil and sesame oil did not show significant difference (P<0.05). However, fish fed diets with 4:6, 2:8, 0:10 ratios resulted in significant decrease (P<0.05) in above parameters. Results of the present study indicate that inclusion of fish oil and sesame oil in a ratio of 6:4 is appropriate for optimum growth, feed conversion and protein conversion efficiency. Data generated during this study would be useful in formulating lipid balanced cost-effective commercial feeds for the intensive culture of this fish.

Keywords: Fish oil, sesame oil, growth, Labeo rohita

78 National Symposium on “Coldwater Fisheries Development in India: Innovative Approaches and Way Forward for Enhancing Hill Farmers Income”

(FSN-11) GROWTH, NET YIELD AND WHOLE BODY COMPOSITION OF SPERATA SEENGHALA FINGERLINGS FED ON CHICKEN VISCERA MEAL BASED DIETS AS A POTENTIAL FEED SOURCE

Kaustubh Bhagawati*, Dipak Kumar Sarma, Bubul Sainary and Sangipran Baishya

College of Fisheries, Assam Agricultural University, Raha, Nagaon, Assam *Corresponding author: [email protected]

ABSTRACT Sperata seenghala has been considered as one of the most admired edible fish due to its good taste and low number of intramuscular bones. A study was undertaken to evaluate the potential use of chicken viscera meal as protein source in practical diets for S. seenghala reared in cement cisterns of (6m × 4m × 1.5m) dimension. During the experimental period the fishes were fed with four different diets containing chicken viscera meal (CVM) replaced with fish meal (FM)

@ 0% (T0), 30% (T1), 50% (T2), and 100% (T3). The water quality parameters were kept optimum

throughout the culture period. The average weight gain was observed to be highest in (T1) 109.17±0.55 g among the different treatment tanks the highest net yield of 1031.10±16.22kg/

ha was also reported in T1 (30%FM).Significant difference (P<0.05) was observed in all the treatment groups. However, the crude protein (g/100g dry tissue) in Sperata seenghala fingerlings after feeding CVM treated diets was reported to be highest in 3T to the level of 20.90±1.17 (g/100g dry tissue). The conclusions drawn from the study represents that chicken viscera meal could be used as a potential source of protein supplement in the diets of S. seenghala fingerlings.

Keywords: Sperata seenghala, Chicken viscera meal, Crude protein.

79 National Symposium on “Coldwater Fisheries Development in India: Innovative Approaches and Way Forward for Enhancing Hill Farmers Income”

(FHM-01) ANTIMICROBIAL RESISTANCE (AMR) MICROBES IN AQUA-SYSTEMS: POSSIBLE IMPACT ON PUBLIC HEALTH

* S.S. Mishra , Rakesh Das, S. N. Sahoo, P. Choudhary, S. Patel and P. Swain

Fish Health Management Division ICAR-Central Institute of Freshwater Aquaculture (CIFA) Kausalyaganga, Bhubaneswar-751002, Odisha, India *Corresponding author: [email protected]; Ph: +91-7894281261

ABSTRACT The fisheries have been the major driver of socio-economic development of rural poor, especially in coastal regions in India. The sector contributes to the livelihood of a large section of the economically underprivileged population of the country. In India, more than 14.5 million people are directly or indirectly dependant on fisheries for their livelihood security. However, the rapid growth of aquaculture has also been the source of anthropogenic activities and the consequence has been occurrence of disease outbreaks leading huge economic loss. This has led farmers to use of a wide range of aqua–medicines, drugs and chemicals in aquaculture to control production loss. Besides these, there have been over use and misuse of drugs, chemicals, antibiotics and pesticides in animal health sector, human health and agriculture sector to protect crops. The runoff from agriculture farms, often lead to contaminate the aquatic system. Again, the wastes from hospitals, factories etc. contain a good amount of residual antibiotics and chemicals. All these antibiotic residues in aquatic environment have led to development of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) microbes. AMR has now been a world wide problem and herculean task to control. It has impacted human and animal health sector, causing huge mortalities and economic losses due to AMR microbes. Serious concerns have been raised by different international organizations like FAO and OIE on irresponsible use of drugs and antibiotics in human and animal medicine, which often can lead to development of antimicrobial resistance (AMR). In the present study, bacterial isolates from cases of fish disease and pond water were further analysed. Selected bacterial isolates were subjected to study the antimicrobial profile against selected antibiotics. Most of the isolates were found to be sensitive against Neomycin (30mcg), Gentamicin (10mcg), Polymyxin B (300mcg) and resistant to Nalidixic acid (30mcg), Penicilin G (10 units), Amoxyclav (AMC). The antibiogram profile of isolates were also estimated. Antimicrobial susceptibility test showed that the isolate A.veronii strain RoG was multi- resistant to most frequently used antibiotics. Here, we examine strategies made by national and International organizations to contain this menace, by implanting suitable rules and regulations of drug use in human and animal health practices and their strict implementation.

Keywords: Aqua-medicines, Drugs, Chemicals, Antibiotics, therapeutics, fish culture, Shrimp farming, Regulations, Environmental hazard

80 National Symposium on “Coldwater Fisheries Development in India: Innovative Approaches and Way Forward for Enhancing Hill Farmers Income”

(FHM-02) FISH DISEASE PREVALENCE STATUS IN FRESHWATER AQUACULTURE IN INDIA

1* 1 S.S. Mishra , Rakesh. Das , S. N. Sahoo, P. Choudhary, R. Rathod, B.S. Anand Kumar, C.K. Mishra and P. Swain1

1ICAR-Central Institute of Freshwater Aquaculture (CIFA), Kausalyaganga, Bhubaneswar-751002, Odisha, India *Corresponding author: [email protected]; Ph:+ 91-7894281261

ABSTRACT Fisheries sector in India promotes maximum equitable distribution of wealth and natural resources and there is tremendous scope of further development. It is estimated that only 40% of the available resources in India, have been utilized in various extent for aquaculture. Out of total freshwater fish production in India, 70-75% constitute Indian major caps (IMCs). It has been noted that frequent occurrence of disease in fish culture has been the major cause of concern for farmers and constraints to fisheries development in the region. Many bacterial, parasitic and fungal diseases have been reported as primary or secondary etiological factors and the impacts of such emerging diseases have been substantial. This has adversely affected fish production and livelihood security of millions of people dependant on it. Farmers, mostly resource poor with little or no knowledge of disease management issues are most sufferers. In the present study, cause of mortality and disease of fish was investigated in Odisha, Gujarat, Karnataka, Krishna and West Godavari district Andhra Pradesh. Around 120 of cases of fish disease samples were analyzed. Out of total 51 cases of gill disease, 31 were gill fluke infested, 28 Argulous infested, 9 Myxobolus sp. 6 Trichodina sp. 2 Lernea sp. and 18 cases were of mixed parasitic infection. Heavy Infestation of gills with Dactylogyrus sps. Trichodina and Mixed infestation of Dactylogyrus and Trichodina was observed with whitish cysts. It was observed that the major infectious diseases prevalent in the region were Arugulosis, Gill fluke, Red disease, Dropsy, Columnaris disease and there were variation in seasonal occurrence of these diseases. Causes of disease and mortality in culture ponds indicated 46% due to parasitic infestations, while 23% were due to alteration in water quality. The details of prevalence of different disease occurrence in major fish producing regions and possible health management strategies to control disease occurrence in Indian aquaculture have been elaborated in the present paper.

81 National Symposium on “Coldwater Fisheries Development in India: Innovative Approaches and Way Forward for Enhancing Hill Farmers Income”

(FHM-03) DIAGNOSIS OF VIRAL DISEASES-DEVELOPMENT OF ALL OR NONE TEST FOR DETECTION OF FISH VIRUSES

Amit Pande*, Ankur Saxena, Preeti Chaturvedi, Kiran Belwal and Ankita Chauhan

ICAR-Directorate of Coldwater Fisheries Research, Bhimtal, Nainital 263136, Uttrakhand *Corresponding author: [email protected]

ABSTRACT A major research gap in diagnostic virology is to know which clinical sample contains a virus and which one is free. This knowledge would enable picking the right samples to be screened further for virus isolation and characterization. Interferon system is the main target of the virus-induced transcriptional response in fish and it has been demonstrated that the expression of Mx is increased upon infection with viruses. Mx genes are highly conserved and encode dynamin like GTPases with anti-viral activity. These proteins may be localized in the cytoplasm or nucleus. Mx homologues have been reported from several fish species and different Mx promoters described. Expression of Mx is regulated by Mx promoter that contains one to three ISREs responsible for binding the IFN induced complex IFN-stimulated gene factor. Trout and salmon cell lines expressing a reporter gene under the control of these promoters have been reported and a method to measure salmon anemia virus viremia in fish using a reporter cell line has been demonstrated. Viruses induce interferon in cells that in turns triggers Mx proteins. This phenomenon could be utilized for preliminary diagnosis of viral infection in order to know whether a cell is infected with virus or not. In this direction, we have attempted to develop a transgenic cell line. This cell line is presently being tested with poly I:C to mimic viral replication intermediate, the dsRNA. If successful, it will enable the detection of any virus in clinical sample of fish.

82 National Symposium on “Coldwater Fisheries Development in India: Innovative Approaches and Way Forward for Enhancing Hill Farmers Income”

(FHM-04) DETECTION OF VIBRIO ANGUILLARUM IN CAPTIVE REARED GOLDEN MAHSEER, TOR PUTITORA (HAMILTON 1822) FROM TEMPERATE REGION OF UTTARAKHAND, INDIA

Krishna Kala*, Richa Pathak, Sivam Singh, Manisha Gupta, Gunja Gupta, Sumanta Kumar Mallik, Rabindar Singh Patiyal and Neetu Shahi

ICAR-Directorate of Coldwater Fisheries Research, Bhimtal, District-Nainital, Uttarakhand, India Presenting author: [email protected]

ABSTRACT Vibrio species is the causative agent of vibriosis, a deadly haemorrhagic septicaemic disease affecting saltwater as well as freshwater aquaculture, worldwide. In the current study, Vibrio anguillarum was isolated from liver tissue of juveniles of golden mahseer (Tor putitora) reared in captive conditions, where 2-3% of the population were suffering from tail rot and haemorrhagic septicaemia in the Bhimtal region of Uttarakhand. The clinical symptom of disease in golden mahseer was fin rot, haemorrhage between anal and caudal fin region and redness on their maxillary regions. During necropsy ascite was observed in their abdominal cavity and liver was haemorrhagic. On Tryoptic soya agar (TSA) plate, the bacterial colony after 48 hours of incubation was 0.5 mm diameter, round, translucent, convex and light creamish in colour. Pure cultures of 10 isolates were prepared and subjected to biochemical characteristics and molecular identification. The bacteria isolates were Gram-negative, motile, curved rod shaped and upon biochemical tests they were found to be gamma hemolytic, positive to cytochrome oxidase, catalase and negative to caseinase, gelatinase, urease, lipase, indol,

lecithinase, starch hydrolysis, DNase, Simmon citrate, H2S production, oxidase, methyl red and Voges Proskauer. The isolates reduce nitrate, produce acid/acid in TSI agar, ferment glucose, maltose, mannitol, mannose and sucrose. The amino acid decarboxylase test showed isolates were positive to arginine and negative to lysine and ornithine. The biochemical characteristics identified the present isolates as Vibrio anguillarum. Partial 16S rDNA nucleotide sequencing and phylogenetic analysis of the isolate also showed 99.85% of identity with the 16S ribosomal RNA gene sequence of Vibrio anguillarum, strain HA. Standard disk diffusion method was used to determine the antibacterial susceptibility of 32 antibiotics against Vibrio anguillarum. All the isolates were found susceptible to erythromycin (E15), linezolid (LZ30), meropenem (MRP10), rifampin (RIF5), tetracycline (TE30), trimethoprim/sulphamethoxazole (CoT25) and resistant to cefoxitin (CX30), imipenem (IPM10), levofloxacin (LE5) and ciprofloxacin (CIP5). Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) in broth micro-dilution for V. anguillarum was also determined 32μg mL-1 and 2μg mL-1 against antimicrobial compound; oxytetracycline and erythromycin approved for use in aquaculture respectively. The minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) against these two antimicrobials was 64μg mL-1 and 8μg mL-1 respectively. As a conclusion, in present study, this is the first report where golden mahseer juveniles are naturally infected with

83 National Symposium on “Coldwater Fisheries Development in India: Innovative Approaches and Way Forward for Enhancing Hill Farmers Income”

V. anguillarum that further made addition of a new host golden mahseer to its infection list from central Himalayan region of India. The study further concludes that it is essential to have an in- depth study on V. anguillarum for elucidating its possible sources of aquatic contamination, pathogenicity and control measures in hill aquaculture.

Keywords: Vibrio, golden mahseer, biochemical test, antimicrobial

84 National Symposium on “Coldwater Fisheries Development in India: Innovative Approaches and Way Forward for Enhancing Hill Farmers Income”

(FHM-05) PLANT EXTRACTS AS ALTERNATIVES TO ANTIBIOTICS FOR SUSTAINABLE AQUACULTURE PRODUCTION

Raja Aadil Hussain Bhat1*, Ankita Bhandari2, R. S. Tandel1, Pragyan Dash1, Parvaiz Ahmad Ganie1, Debajit Sarma1

1ICAR-Directorate of Coldwater Fisheries Research, Bhimtal 2Department of Biotechnology, Kumaun University Corresponding author: [email protected]

ABSTRACT Aquaculture is an important and key source to increase world fish production. It provides a proteinaceous, safe, reliable and economical source of food to the large population of the world. Shifting of world aquaculture from extensive to intensive has led to the emergence of new pathogens and much more reliance on chemical drugs. From last decade, new therapeutic approaches have been developed to overcome the devastating/harmful effects caused by chemicals and drugs. Among them, plant extracts and antimicrobial peptides have shown promising results as antimicrobial agents. The organic extracts of plants and herbs trigger the immune system and lead to the expression of downstream immune molecules which provide immunity to fish against pathogens. However, the practice is still emerging and is currently confined to laboratory animals. In the current study, we have tested the antimicrobial activity and evaluated the immunomodulatory effect of Myrica esculenta against Aeromonas hydrophila in Oncorhynchus mykiss. The results have shown that Myrica esculenta possess potent antimicrobial activity against the gram negative bacteria and trigger the expression of innate immune receptors and cytokines in Oncorhynchus mykiss.

Keywords: Myrica esculenta, drugs, antimicrobial, immunomodulatory, cytokines

85 National Symposium on “Coldwater Fisheries Development in India: Innovative Approaches and Way Forward for Enhancing Hill Farmers Income”

(FHM-06) A REVIEW OF QUALITY OF WATER AND FISH DISEASES

H. K. Vardia*, Abhineet Singh2 & B.R. Honnananda2

Chhattisgarh Kamdhenu Vishwavidyalaya, Anjora, Durg (CG) 492001 2Department of Aquaculture, College of fisheries, Kawardha (CG) 491995 *Corresponding author: [email protected]

ABSTRACT Water is a crucial medium for all aquatic organisms including fish. Optimum water conditions tend to alter in acute form in intensive farming systems and sub-acute form in semi-intensive aquaculture systems. Lentic and lotic waters, both have disturbances in water quality in nature too. Some water quality factors are more likely to be involved with fish losses such as dissolved oxygen, temperature, and ammonia. Others, such as pH, alkalinity, hardness and turbidity affect fish, but usually are not directly toxic. Each water quality factor interacts with and influences other parameters, sometimes in complex ways. What may be toxic and cause mortalities in one situation, can be harmless in another. Sources of disturbances in water quality may be due to anthropogenic, industrial, etc in natural waters but man made in aquaculture systems. Changes in water quality primarily induces stress in the fish which magnifies when natural food (plankton/nekton/periphyton) composition in a water body is altered. Stress and discomfort results in to reduction in food intake thereby poor growth and when other synergistic effects are there, immune system of fish gets weaker thereby exposed to pathogenic organisms already available in the ecosystem. Reduction of dissolved oxygen below optimum level is a primary factor effecting gas balance in an ecosystem, increasing dissolved carbon di-oxide resulting in to respiratory stress causing respiratory acidosis and nephrocalcinosis. Exposure to high carbon dioxide concentrations reduces respiration efficiency and decreases the tolerance to low dissolved oxygen concentrations. High carbon di oxide causes granuloma in many organs and urolithiasis. It also leads to anaerobic oxidation thereby producing hydrogen sulphide gas. Prolonged exposure to low, nonlethal levels of dissolved oxygen constitutes a chronic stress and will cause fish to stop feeding, reduce their ability to convert ingested food into fish flesh, and make them more susceptible to disease. Fish continuously exposed to more than 0.01 or 0.02 ppm of the un-ionized form of nitrogen may exhibit reduced growth and increased susceptibility to disease. More than 0.05 mg/L - NH3 and > 0.5 mg/L nitrite-N (NO 2) can cause degenerative changes in the liver and kidney and causes Brown-Blood disease. Ammonia in ponds is produced from the decomposition of organic wastes resulting in the breakdown of decaying organic matter such as algae, plants, animals and uneaten food.

86 National Symposium on “Coldwater Fisheries Development in India: Innovative Approaches and Way Forward for Enhancing Hill Farmers Income”

Alkalinity in excess of 300 ppm does not adversely affect fish, but it does interfere with action of certain commonly used chemicals (e.g., copper sulfate). If fish that prefer turbid waters are cultured in relatively clear water they will experience stress; survival and growth will be adversely affected. Super saturation is primarily caused by mixing of waters with very different temperatures or can be caused by excessive aeration or photosynthesis which causes gas bubble disease. Decay of vegetation – dead weeds, leaves, grass uses up oxygen. Eutrophication results in to plankton blooms and release of tannic acid from decaying vegetation. Fin erosion, epidermal hyperplasia or papilloma and degenerative and necrotic alterations in many organs are common findings on changes in the water quality. Altered natural feed at early life stage may result in to changes in body shape and structure. The paper reviews various aquaculture and aquatic systems for the development of diseases in fish.

87 National Symposium on “Coldwater Fisheries Development in India: Innovative Approaches and Way Forward for Enhancing Hill Farmers Income”

(FHM-07) ANTIMICROBIAL DRUG RESISTANCE PATTERN AND EXTENDED-SPECTRUM BETA-LACTAMASE DETECTION IN ESCHERICHIA COLI ISOLATED FROM FISH FARMS IN WESTERN AND CENTRAL HIMALAYAN REGION, INDIA

Manisha Gupta*, Sumanta Kumar Mallik, Gunja Gupta, Neetu Shahi, Suresh Chandra and Debajit Sarma

ICAR-Directorate of Coldwater Fisheries Research, Anusandhan Bhavan, Industrial area, Bhimtal 263 136, Nainital, Uttarakhand *Corresponding author: [email protected]

ABSTRACT The increasing multidrug resistant in Escherichia coli isolates has been a major concern to animal and human health in present global scenario. As E. coli cycling through food chain is very common and aquaculture being a growing food industry, the development of antibiotic resistant E. coli to antimicrobial drugs used in aquaculture and presence of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase isolates might pose a potential risk to public health. Contaminations of water bodies and indiscriminate use of aquaculture inputs (antibiotics & other aquadrugs) may cause occurrence of antibiotic resistant E. coli isolates in aquaculture. Thus this cross-sectional study was carried out to determine the antibiotic resistance pattern and presence of extended- spectrum beta-lactamase in Escherichia coli isolated from fish farms in Western (Himachal Pradesh) and Central Himalayan (Uttarakhand) regions, India. Intestine tissues from 59 fish samples (rainbow trout, rohu, catla, mrigal, common carp, grass carp, silver carp, pangasius) were collected from 54 fish farms and processed aseptically for isolation and purification of E. coli (n=45). Antimicrobial resistance pattern among isolates of E. coli (n=45) was determined against 17 antibiotics by disk diffusion method as per CLSI guidelines. The antibiotic resistance pattern to the drugs tested in the present study showed that 20% of E. coli isolates were resistant to ciprofloxacin, whereas 13% of isolates were resistant to cefotaxime and ceftriaxone. Low antibiotic resistance in E. coli isolates was recorded against cefoxitin, trimethoprim- sulfamethoxazole and ampicillin, whereas 46.6% of isolates had shown intermediate response to cefotaxime and ceftriaxone followed by 20% of isolates to amikacin and 13% of isolates to cefoxitin, cefpodoxime, gentamicin and nalidixic acid. A combined disk diffusion test (CDDT) method was employed to detect the extended spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) producing strains among E. coli isolates and ESBL production was recorded in 33% isolates of E. coli in the study. This preliminary finding is a wake-up call for conducting a comprehensive antimicrobial resistance (AMR) study to examine possible reasons for development of antibiotic resistant and ESBL producing E. coli isolates in fish farms of Western and Central Himalayan Region, India.

Keywords: Escherichia coli, antimicrobial resistant, ESBL, aquaculture

88 National Symposium on “Coldwater Fisheries Development in India: Innovative Approaches and Way Forward for Enhancing Hill Farmers Income”

(FHM-08) ISOLATION OF FLAVOBACTERIUM COLUMNARE, A FISH PATHOGEN FROM GILL LESION OF FARMED RAINBOW TROUT, ONCORHYCHUS MYKISS IN TEMPERATE HIMALAYAN REGION OF NORTHERN INDIA

Shivam Singh*, Krishna Kala, Richa Pathak, Sumanta Kumar Mallik and Neetu Shahi

ICAR-Directorate of Coldwater Fisheries Research, Bhimtal, 263 136, Nainital, Uttarakhand, India *Corresponding author: [email protected]

ABSTRACT Flavobacterium columnare is a highly virulent fish pathogenic bacterium, known to cause columnaris disease in many freshwater fish species, globally. This disease generally leads to the mass mortality in cultured fishes. In the present study, F. columnare was isolated from the gill lesions of farmed rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss in Himalayan region of northern India. This bacterium was identified by colony characteristics, Gram-staining and by partial amplification of 16S rDNA gene. In addition, histopathological study of gill of naturally infected rainbow trout and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of antibiotics by broth microdilution was also carried out. F. columnare is Gram-negative, long rod shaped, motile bacteria which shows irregular, umbonate and yellow colored raised colony on cytophaga agar and Shieh agar plates. Colony produced brick red pigment in presence of 30% KOH, which is one of the identification characteristics of this bacterium. The 16S rDNA partially amplified gene of approximately 1400 bp was sequenced and upon BLAST search matched >99% to the nucleotide sequence of other F. columnare strains. Our current rainbow trout isolate was designated as F. columnare strain BRTAGILLFC 01 (GenBank accession number MG009229). The phylogenetic tree analysis of F. columnare strain BRTAGILLFC 01 shows maximum homology to F. columnare strain Ga-6-93 (GenBank Accession number: AY842901.1), F. columnare strain CF2 (GenBank Accession number: KR080245.1) and F. columnare strain RDC-1 (GenBank Accession number: JN825736.1). Upon histopathological examination of naturally infected gill severe degenerative changes such as necrosis, fusion of secondary gill lamellae, hypertrophy and clubbing of cells were evident. F. columnare BRTAGILLFC 01 showed higher MIC towards tobramycin, neomycin and vancomycin which were found to be 8.0, 8.0 and 64.0 µg/mL respectively, whereas MIC was lower for the oxytetracycline hydrochloride, erythromycin, ampicillin and florfenicol which were 0.125, 0.25, 0.125 and 2.0 µg/mL, respectively. In conclusion our study confirms the existence of columnaris disease in farmed rainbow trout in India, which can be controlled by the use of appropriate antibiotics such as OTC and erythromycin.

Keywords: Flavobacterium columnare, Oncorhynchus mykiss, Rainbow trout, Columnaris, Bacterial pathogen, Mortality, MIC, Histopathology

89 National Symposium on “Coldwater Fisheries Development in India: Innovative Approaches and Way Forward for Enhancing Hill Farmers Income”

(FHM-09) HISTOPATHOLOGICAL ALTERATIONS IN THE EPIDERMIS OF THE CARP, LABEO ROHITA, INFECTED WITH THE BACTERIA, AEROMONAS HYDROPHILA

Ayan Srivastava, Arup Mistri and Swati Mittal*

Skin Physiology Laboratory, Centre of Advanced Study, Department of Zoology, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi-221 005, India *Corresponding author: [email protected]

ABSTRACT In this study, alterations in the surface ultrastructure and histological organizationof the epidermis of fish, Labeo rohita inoculated with the bacteria, Aeromonas hydrophila, were analysed. Fish were injected intraperitoneally with A. hydrophilaat the dose of 2×106 CFU/ fish. Skin samples were processed to analyse the alterations at 2d, 4d, 6d, 8d and 10d. In fish, infected with the bacteria, the epithelial cells appeared hypertrophied with fragmented and loosely arranged microridges; and sloughed at the surface. Increase in density of mucous goblet cells and profuse mucus secretion on the surface; degenerative changes in club cells, their simultaneous confluence and release of the contents on the surface, have been considered to provide protection to the fish. This study could be useful for the better understanding of the response to A. hydrophila infection in fish. Further, it may possibly be beneficial for fish farmers to take preventive measures for the control of the disease outbreaks in farmed fish.

Keywords: Scanning electron microscopy, histopathology, immunohistochemistry, epidermis, Labeo rohita, Aeromonas hydrophila

90 National Symposium on “Coldwater Fisheries Development in India: Innovative Approaches and Way Forward for Enhancing Hill Farmers Income”

(FHM-10) PREVALENCE AND ANTIMICROBIAL RESISTANCE OF ENTEROCOCCUS SPP. ISOLATED FROM RAINBOW TROUT FARMS IN WESTERN HIMALAYAN REGION (WHR), INDIA

Gunja*, Manisha Gupta, Neetu Shahi, Suresh Chandra, Debajit Sarma and Sumanta Kumar Mallik

ICAR-Directorate of Coldwater Fisheries Research, Anusandhan Bhavan, Industrial area, Bhimtal 263 136, Nainital, Uttarakhand *Corresponding author: [email protected]

ABSTRACT Entercoccus spp. are widely detected in food, environment and clinical samples and they have propensity to acquire and disseminate antimicrobial resistance determinants. Fish and fisheries products are considered as a cheap source of protein to human and fish being reared in different aquatic environments, may serve as a reservoir of antibiotic resistant entercocci isolates. Through food chains, the antimicrobial resistant determinants may pass over to animals and humans. As antimicrobial resistance of Entercoccus spp. to different antibiotics is increasing in an alarming rate worldwide, it has been inevitable to study the antimicrobial resistance pattern of Entercoccus spp. isolated from aquaculture. Thus, present study is focused to determine the prevalence and the antimicrobial resistance pattern of Entercoccus spp. isolated from 15 rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) farms in Western Himalayan regions. Intestine tissue samples were collected from 30 rainbow trout and processed aseptically on Slanetz and Bartley medium for isolation of enterococci (n=33). The Entercoccus spp. were detected in all the intestine samples showing 100% prevalence in the rainbow trout samples collected from all 15 trout farms. Following the guidelines (CLSI), the Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method was performed to determine the antimicrobial susceptibility of all the isolates of enterococci against 25 selected antibiotics. The antibiotic susceptibility results for Entercoccus spp. showed 100% resistance against imipenem-cilastin and co-trimoxazole, followed by sulfisoxazole, trimethoprim (86%), clindamycin (80%), quinupristin-dalfopristin (73.3%) and kanamycin (66.6%). The moderate antibiotic resistance was recorded for the isolates against rifampicin (33.3%) followed by penicillin-G (20%), fosfomycin (20%) and gatifloxacin (13.3%), whereas 73.4% of isolates showed intermediate response to erythromycin and 13.3% to ciprofloxacin, 26.6% to norfloxacin and 13.3% to tetracycline. No isolates were resistant to vancomycin, nitrofurantoin, ampicillin, linezolid, levofloxacin, chloramphenicol, doxycycline hydrochloride, teicoplanin, gentamicin and streptomycin. Present study concludes that an exhaustive examination is the need of hour to determine the antimicrobial resistance pattern in enterococci isolates from rainbow trout farms that in turn may help to elucidate the role of trout foods in the transmission of antimicrobial resistant enterococci strains to fish eaters.

Keywords: Enterococci, rainbow trout, antibiotics, antimicrobial resistant

91 National Symposium on “Coldwater Fisheries Development in India: Innovative Approaches and Way Forward for Enhancing Hill Farmers Income”

(FHM-11) MUCOSAL IMMUNE AND OXIDATIVE STRESS RESPONSE OF AN INDIAN MAJOR CARP, CIRRHINUS MRIGALA TO EDWARDSIELLA TARDA CHALLENGE

Jyoti Singh, Neeraj Verma, Swati Mittal*

Skin Physiology Laboratory, Centre of Advance Study, Department of Zoology, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi-221 005, India, *Corresponding author: [email protected]

ABSTRACT Knowledge concerning the health and welfare of fish is important to conserve species diversity. Fish mucosal surfaces, and particularly the skin, are of utmost importance to protect the integrity and homeostasis of the body and to prevent skin infections by pathogens. Present study has been designed to elucidate the immune response in skin mucus of Cirrhinus mrigala, infected with a bacterial pathogen, Edwardsiella tarda. Fish were intraperitoneally injected with E. tardaat dose of 2.2×106 CFU/fish at 0 day. The activity of certain metabolic enzymes - alkaline phosphate and acid phosphate; immune related enzymes - lysozyme and protease and antioxidant enzymes - catalase, superoxide dismutase, peroxidase and glutathione S transferase was analysed in skin mucus of the fish of each group at 2d, 4d, 6d and 8d. Compared with the control group, alkaline phosphate and acid phosphate, lysozyme, protease, superoxide dismutase and peroxidase activity decreased significantly in mucus at 2d, 4d and 6d and thereafter a gradual recovery was observed at 8d. The activity of catalase and glutathione S transferase activity declined at 2d and 4d followed by increase in the activity at 4d, 6d and 8d but nevertheless it remained less than the control. Our study revealed that E. tarda influenced the immune and oxidative status and could be useful for the better understanding of overall response to bacterial infection in fish.

92 National Symposium on “Coldwater Fisheries Development in India: Innovative Approaches and Way Forward for Enhancing Hill Farmers Income”

(FHM-12) MORPHOMETRIC AND MOLECULAR CHARACTERIZATION OF ARGULUS SP. FROM ENDANGERED GOLDEN MAHSEER, TOR PUTITORA

Kavya K. K, R. S. Tandel*, Pragyan Dash, Suresh Chandra, D. Sarma

Fish Parasitology & Mycology Laboratory, ICAR- Directorate of Coldwater Fisheries Research, Bhimtal, Nainital, Uttarakhand 263136, India *Corresponding author: [email protected]; Ph: 05942-247280

ABSTRACT The present study was conducted to identify and characterized infestation of Argulus sp, an obligate branchiuran ectoparasite in golden mahseer, Tor putitora fish from Bhimtal, Uttarakhand India. Based on respiratory areas, secondary maxillae and swimming appendages of male specimens under light microscope showed similarity to Argulus siamensis. Amplification of 18srDNA expressed 98.55% sequence similarity in NCBI BLAST analysis verifying the molecular identification of Argulus siamensis. The phylogenetic tree was further constructed using boot strap and UPGMA clustral analysis showing isolated arguloid to the A. siamensis cluster with a p-distance of 0.01 with other A. siamensis. The parasitic frequency index (PFI) of infestation was calculated from severe to moderate range with gravels in the bottom. A behavioral adaptation was observed by this ectoparasite towards blue-green range of visible light wavelength for host recognition. This was strongly supported by the egg laying pattern of arguloids within bamboo poles in a square pond. Thus the biological population control can be achieved using light stimulants that cause negative heliotropism to the parasites and keeping hard substance like bamboo poles during egg laying seasons, thus disrupting their life cycle in the cold water aquaculture system.

Keywords : Argulus, new host, Tor putitora, Bio control

93 National Symposium on “Coldwater Fisheries Development in India: Innovative Approaches and Way Forward for Enhancing Hill Farmers Income”

(FHM-13) EFFECTS OF THYMUS LINEARIS LEAF EXTRACT ON NON-SPECIFIC IMMUNE RESPONSES AND DISEASE RESISTANCE OF GOLDEN MAHSEER (TOR PUTITORA) AGAINST SAPROLEGNIA PARASITICA

Tarang Kumar Shah1*, Avdhesh Kumar1, D. Sarma2, Ritesh Tandel2 & Aadil Raja Bhat2

1Department of Aquaculture, G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar-263145 2ICAR- Directorate of Coldwater Fisheries Research, Bhimtal-263136 *Corresponding author: [email protected]

ABSTRACT In this study, effects of wild ajwain (Thymus linearis) on hematology and serum biochemical properties, non-specific immune responses to innate immunity, and resistance against Saprolegnia parasitica pathogenesis were studied in golden mahseer for 60 days. Thymus linearis leaf extract at concentrations of 0, 0.3, 0.6, and 0.90m g/kg were added to a basal diet. Fish were fed two times a day during the 45 days. At the end of feeding period, the fish were exposed to the oomycete S. parasitica for 14 days. Feeding the fish with 0.3 mg/kg of dietary wild ajwain resulted in better hematology indices (red and white blood cell counts, and concentrations of haematocrit and hemoglobin), biochemical parameters (total protein, albumin, and globulin), and non-specific immunity indices (NBT, lysozyme activity, and myeloperoxidase activity) in comparison with the other treatments and control. A significant reduction in mortality was observed in the treated fish with 0.3 mg/kg of wild ajwain compared to the control following challenging with S. parasitica. The use of Thymus linearis leaf extract particularly at a level of 0.3 mg/kg, in golden mahseer diet was observed to improve immunity parameters as well as boost fish resistance against S. parasitica contamination.

Keywords: NBT, Saprolegnia, wild ajwain, disease resistance

94 National Symposium on “Coldwater Fisheries Development in India: Innovative Approaches and Way Forward for Enhancing Hill Farmers Income”

(FHM-14) DOSE OPTIMIZATION OF OXYTETRACYCLINE ORAL THERAPY AGAINST AEROMONAS HYDROPHILA INFECTION IN RAINBOW TROUT, ONCORHYNCHUS MYKISS (WALBAUM, 1792)

Krishna Kala*, Shivam Singh, Rabindar Singh Patiyal, Neetu Shahi and Sumanta Kumar Mallik

ICAR-Directorate of Coldwater Fisheries Research, Bhimtal, District-Nainital, Uttarakhand, India *Corresponding author: [email protected]

ABSTRACT The raceways cultured fingerlings of rainbow trout are susceptible to various infections caused by β-haemolytic Aeromonas hydrophila in India. The use of antibiotic at optimum concentration may possibly cure A. hydrophila infections in rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss. In present study, fingerlings of O. mykiss (average length 12.5±0.123cm & weight 15.2±0.045g) were fed a formulated feed containing 2, 4, 6 & 8g of oxytracycline 100 pound fish-1 day-1 for ten consecutive days experimentally challenged with β-haemolytic A. hydrophila isolate to evaluate the effective dose for controlling the infection. Post experimental challenge (24-48 hrs) with A. hydrophila showed development of disease progression marked with abnormal swimming behavior, visible sign of red patches and hemorrhage in ventral body surface of rainbow trout fingerlings followed by mortality. Upon dissection of moribund fingerlings recorded abdominal cavity filled with pale liquid, enlarged spleen and hemorrhagic liver. The behavioral characteristics of fingerlings observed were bunching at upper corner of the tank, faster gill movement, gasping for air, open operculum, lethargic movement and also resting at bottom of the tank during challenged period. The disease progression period was followed by administration of oxytetracycline mediated feed that resulted into reduction in mortality among fingerlings of O. mykiss 96hpi. The behavioral characteristics of experimental groups fed oxytetracycline (at varied levels 2, 4, 6 & 8g) mediated feeds @ 2-3% of their body weight were recorded as reinstatement of normal swimming behavior in experimental fingerlings, healing of body hemorrhage and red patches that qualitatively marked with turning of black coloration of epidermal layer at the site of infection. There was marked reduction in feed consumption (<20%) in all experimental groups challenged with A. hydrophila, but it was increased significantly (>50%) among the groups, once experimental diets at varied levels (2, 4, 6 & 8g) of oxytetracycline are administered during the treatment period. At the end of 14 days of experimental period, the maximum survivability (70- 74%) of fingerlings was recorded in the groups fed experimental feed with 4-8g oxytetracycline. The water quality measured during the study period was in the optimum range. The study concludes that A. hydrophila infection in fingerling of O. mykiss can be effectively controlled, when oxytetracycline oral therapy is applied@4-8g for 10 consecutive days.

Keywords: Oxytetracycline, Aeromonas hydrophila, fingerling, Oncorhynchus mykiss

95 National Symposium on “Coldwater Fisheries Development in India: Innovative Approaches and Way Forward for Enhancing Hill Farmers Income”

(FHM-15) EVALUATION OF OXYTETRACYCLINE BATH THERAPY IN RAINBOW TROUT FRY EXPERIMENTALLY INFECTED WITH AEROMONAS HYDROPHILA

Shivam Singh*, Krishna Kala, Neetu Shahi, Richa Pathak, Suresh Chandra and Sumanta Kumar Mallik

ICAR-Directorate of Coldwater Fisheries Research, Bhimtal, 263 136, Nainital, Uttarakhand, India *Corresponding author: [email protected]

ABSTRACT Experimental trial was performed to evaluate effect of different concentrations (20, 40, 60 & 80 mgL-1) of oxytetracycline in controlling experimental Aeromonas hydrophila infection in fry of rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss through bath therapy. Rainbow trout fry were immersed in a suspension of A. hydrophila (1.5 x 108 cfu mL-1) for 1hr to induce experimental infection. The disease progression in infected fry was marked with abnormal swimming behavior, visible sign of redness and hemorrhage in dorsal and ventral body surface followed by mass mortality of O. mykiss fry (35-40%) in different experimental groups 24 hpi. Oxytetracycline at pre- determined doses (20, 40, 60 & 80 mg L-1) was administered immediately 24hpi through bath treatment for 1hr for 4 consecutive days. Post treatment period (5-14 days) was observed with complete reduction in mortality and increased feed consumption (25-75%) among rainbow trout fry in different experimental groups. At the end of 14 days of experimental period, the maximum survivability (50-60%) of rainbow trout fry was recorded in experimental groups treated with 40-80 mgL-1 oxytetracyclines through bath therapy. The water quality parameters recorded were in the optimum ranges during the study period. It concludes that prudent use of oxytetracycline @ 40-80 mgL-1 hr 1 for 4 consecutive days may effectively control A. hydrophila infection in rainbow trout fry in controlled environment.

Keywords: Oxytetracycline, rainbow trout fry, Aeromonas hydrophila, experimental groups

96 National Symposium on “Coldwater Fisheries Development in India: Innovative Approaches and Way Forward for Enhancing Hill Farmers Income”

(FHM-16) TOXIC CHRONIC IMPACT OF CARBOFURAN PESTICIDE ON BEHAVIORAL CHANGES IN FRESH WATER FISH SPECIES, CYPRINUS CARPIO VAR. COMMUNIS (LINNEAUS, 1758)

A. U. Khan*, and Vishal Dutta*and Bano Saidullah

School of Life Sciences, Indira Gandhi National Open University, New Delhi *Kumaun University Nainital (Uttarakhand) *Corresponding author: [email protected]

ABSTRACT Fish is highly nutritious, nutritional value of fish also depends on their biochemical composition, which is affected by the pollution. Behaviour provide a unique perspective linking the physiology and ecology of an organism and its environment , behaviour allows an organism to adjust to external and internal stimuli in order to best need the challenge of surviving in a changing environment. Fish is highly nutritious, nutritional value of fish also depends on their biochemical composition, which is affected by the water pollution. Indiscriminate use of pesticide has elevated the risk of contamination of environment and aquatic habitat. Considering the above fact, the present study has been under taken to investigate the alteration of some behavioral characteristics of freshwater fish Cyprinus carpio communis after exposure of carbofuran pesticide. The main alteration observed in certain abnormal behavior changes like fast swimming activity, profuse secretion of mucus, hypersensitivity, jerky movement, darkening of skin, loss of equilibrium etc. indicating the high toxicity of carbofuran. The behavior characters directly affected with increased pesticide concentration as well as exposure time

Keywords: Cyprinus carpio, Carbofuran, behavior

97 National Symposium on “Coldwater Fisheries Development in India: Innovative Approaches and Way Forward for Enhancing Hill Farmers Income”

(FHM-17) OCCURRENCE OF ANTIMICROBIAL RESISTANT AEROMONAS SPP. IN FISH FARMS OF WESTERN AND CENTRAL HIMALAYAN REGION, INDIA

Manisha Gupta*, Sumanta Kumar Mallik, Neetu Shahi, Gunja, Suresh Chandra and Debajit Sarma

ICAR-Directorate of Coldwater Fisheries Research, Anusandhan Bhavan, Industrial Area, Bhimtal 263136, Nainital, Uttarakhand *Corresponding author: [email protected]

ABSTRACT Surveillance of antimicrobial resistance of Aeromonas spp. (n=41) isolated from 48 gill tissues of 48 fish samples from 48 fish farms in Western Himalayan (Himachal Pradesh) and Central Himalayan (Uttarakhand) Regions, India was performed against 14 antibiotics by disk diffusion method as per CLSI guidelines during a 1-year period. The results showed that highest antimicrobial resistance was observed against ampicillin/sulbactam (43.9%), followed by cephalothin (26.8%), cefoxitin (24.4%) and cefotaxime (14.6%). Low antibiotic resistance among Aeromonas spp. was recorded against ceftriaxone, amikacin, tetracycline, trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole and chloramphenicol, whereas percentage of isolates showing intermediate resistance to cefotaxime, amikacin and ampicillin/sulbactam were 29.3, 26.8 and 22.0 respectively. All the isolates were susceptible to amoxicillin/clavulanic acid, ceftazidime, cefepime, imipenem and ciprofloxacin. The present study concludes that as many of the species in Aeromonas group are considered as a major fish pathogen, a comprehensive study on antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is need of hour for isolates of Aeromonas spp. from fish farms in Western and Central Himalayan Region, India.

Keywords: Aeromonas spp, antimicrobial resistant, fish farms, disk diffusion

98 National Symposium on “Coldwater Fisheries Development in India: Innovative Approaches and Way Forward for Enhancing Hill Farmers Income”

(FBB-01) COMPARATIVE TRANSCRIPTOME ANALYSIS REVEALS DIFFERENTIALLY EXPRESSED GENES IN BRAIN OF WILD MALE AND FEMALE GOLDEN MAHSEER, TOR PUTITORA (HAMILTON, 1822) DURING SEXUAL MATURITY

Neetu Shahi

ICAR-Directorate of Coldwater Fisheries Research, Bhimtal, 263136, District-Nainital, Uttarakhand, India Corresponding author: [email protected]

ABSTRACT Sexual dimorphism is widespread in majority of the fish species. The endangered golden mahseer, Tor putitora (Hamilton, 1822) is a commercially important temperate water fish in the mid-hill Himalayan reaches of the various rivers and lakes of northern India. Here, RNA-seq was used to explore the gene expression difference between the sexes in the brain of wild, matured golden mahseer during annual reproduction period. In the brain of male and female golden mahseer, 20.6 and 21.5 million raw reads were obtained, respectively from two cDNA libraries generated by RNA-seq using Illumina NextSeq-paired end (PE). From male and female brain, 39,047 and 75,736 numbers of unigenes were identified, respectively, of which 26,252 (male) and 33,446 (female) showed homology to existing protein sequence in the database. Clusters of Orthologous Groups (COGs), Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genome (KEGG) analysis indicated that many of these transcripts encoded for proteins related to gonad development, sex differentiation, germ cell development, sex steroids and reproduction. There were 287 numbers of potential sex differentially expressed reproduction related unigenes, of which 153 numbers of genes were up-regulated in the male brain and 139 numbers of genes were up-regulated in female brain. The current study will provide a useful database and information of changes in transcript level of various genes in the brain of golden mahseer during sexual maturity.

Keywords: Golden mahseer; RNA sequencing, Differential gene expression, Brain, Sexual dimorphism

99 National Symposium on “Coldwater Fisheries Development in India: Innovative Approaches and Way Forward for Enhancing Hill Farmers Income”

(FBB-02) EVALUATION OF SEMEN CHARACTERISTICS AND EXTENDERS COMPETENCY DURING REFRIGERATED STORAGE OF SNOWTROUT (SCHIZOTHORAX RICHARDSONII) SEMEN

S.K. Raghuvanshi1* and N.K. Agarwal2

1Department of Zoology, Bareilly College, Bareilly-243 005 (U.P.) 2Fish Reproductive Biology Research Lab., Department of Zoology, School of Life Science, H.N.B. Garhwal Central University, Campus Badshahithaul, Tehri Garhwal (Uttarakhand) India *Corresponding author: [email protected], Ph: +91-9412970573

ABSTRACT The present study has investigated the semen characteristics and competency of different extenders for refrigerated storage of snowtrout (Schizothorax richardsonii) semen. Semen samples were collected from ripe male brooders by stripping method during the spawning season. The pH (7.31 ±0.07), sperm concentration (3.77 ±0.78x108/ml), spermatocrit value (63.13 ±10.27%), and motility duration (59.70 ±16.55 s) were determined by analysing 98 semen samples of different breeding phases. The short-term preservation of S. richardsonii semen was made under refrigerated condition. Four extenders (Mounib’s medium, KCl medium, extender modified from Buyukhatipoglu & Holtz, 189 M of Horton) each in two dilution ratios (1:4 & 1:10) were tested for their competency. During cold storage, motility percentage and motility duration of semen were evaluated after every 24 hours till the viability of semen samples. Mounib’s medium was found significantly superior to KCl medium (P<0.01), extender modified from Buyukhatipoglu & Holtz (P<0.02) and extender 189 M of Horton (P<0.002) in retaining sperm motility up to 9 days at 0-4°C. It was also observed that dilution ratio of 1:4 was not significantly different than the 1:10 ratio in all extender media (P ns, n=10).

Keywords: sperm quality, extender, short-term preservation, Schizothorax richardsonii, snowtrout

100 National Symposium on “Coldwater Fisheries Development in India: Innovative Approaches and Way Forward for Enhancing Hill Farmers Income”

(FBB-03) ISOLATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF CYP19 GENES OF SNOW TROUT, SCHIZOTHORAX RICHARDSONII

*Ciji A., Rajesh M., Akhtar M.S. and Kamalam B.S.

ICAR-Directorate of Coldwater Fisheries Research, Bhimtal, Nainital, Uttarakhand *Corresponding author: [email protected]

ABSTRACT Thecyp19 gene encodes cytochrome P450 aromatase, the terminal enzyme in the steroidogenic pathway and it catalyses the conversion of androgens into oestrogens. Two cyp19 genes, termed cyp19a and cyp19b, have been reported from teleosts. The cyp19a gene is expressed in the ovary, whereas cyp19b is expressed in the brain. In the present study, the brain and gonadal aromatase cDNA sequences of snow trout Schizothorax richardsonii was obtained by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and rapid amplification of cDNA ends (RACE). Two isoforms of cyp19b (cyp19b full form and cyp19b truncated form) have been cloned and sequenced from brain of snow trout. These two isoforms were found to have differences with respect to only 3’ UTR where in the full length form has a longer 3’ÚTR consisting of 1340 bp and the truncated form has a shorter 3’ UTR of 250 bp. Both the full-length and truncated isoforms comprised of a 5’ UTR of 142 bp and an open reading frame (ORF) of 1524 bp encoding 508 amino acids. The nucleotide sequence of snow trout cyp19b shows similarities of 96, 98, 92, 91 and 87 % with Schiozothorax kozlovi cyp19b, Tor putotora cyp19b, Cyprinus carpio cyp19b, Carassius auratus cyp19b and Danio rerio cyp19b respectively. Similarly, we have cloned and partially characterized cyp19a (gonadal aromatase) which consisted of an ORF of 1212 bp of and a 3’ UTR 225 bp. Evolutionary studies suggested that these sequences are more similar to S. kozlovi and T. putitora. The present results can be used for the expression studies of the above genes to understand the maturational status of S. richardsonii.

Keywords: Aromatase, Cyp19b, Schizothorax richardsonii, Cloning, Maturity

101 National Symposium on “Coldwater Fisheries Development in India: Innovative Approaches and Way Forward for Enhancing Hill Farmers Income”

(FBB-04) DOES SEASON AFFECT FATTY ACID PROFILE IN MALE AND FEMALE FISH DIFFERENTLY? THE CASE STUDY IN GOLDEN MAHSEER (TOR PUTITORA) REVEALS AN INTERESTING INSIGHT STORY

Annu Sharma*, Prakash Sharma, Partha Das and Debajit Sarma

ICAR-Directorate of Coldwater Fisheries Research, Bhimtal, Uttarakhand India *Corresponding author: [email protected]

ABSTRACT Study on the sex-specific seasonal fatty acid profile was conducted in sexually matured male and female golden mahseer (Tor putitora). For carrying out this, five males and females were collected from Bhimtal lake, Uttarakhand, India, during summer, monsoon, pre-winter and winter seasons. Fatty acid composition was analyzed in homogenized muscle samples. Results revealed strong sex-specific changes in major fatty acids, namely Sc-FAs, n-3 and n-6 PUFAs, driven specifically by reproductive status in the latter half of spawning season, i.e., in monsoon. This effect was more pronounced in females than males, in terms of diminishing Sc-FAs, n-6 and n-3 PUFAs in monsoon. In season-wise comparison of male and female separately, in terms of fatty acids, both males and females appeared to be the best in winter followed by pre-winter. However, in sex-wise comparison, males appeared superior to females in summer, followed by monsoon and winter; in pre-winter, both appeared equally good.

Keywords: Seasonal, sex-specific, fatty acid profile, golden mahseer

102 National Symposium on “Coldwater Fisheries Development in India: Innovative Approaches and Way Forward for Enhancing Hill Farmers Income”

(FBB-05) MOLECULAR CHARACTERIZATION OF STRESS INDUCED PHOSPHOPROTEIN (OMSTIP1) MRNA IN RAINBOW TROUT, ONCORHYNCHUS MYKISS

Anupam Pandey*, Rajesh Manchi, Debajit Sarma, Priyanka H. Tripathi, Md. Shabhaz Akhtar and Biju Sam Kamalam

ICAR-Directorate of Coldwater Fisheries Research, Bhimtal, Uttarakhand, India; *Corresponding author: [email protected]

ABSTRACT Stress induced phosphoprotein (Stip1) is an adaptor protein that coordinates the functions of Heat Shock Protein (HSP) 70 and HSP 90 in protein folding, by regulating the conformations and ATPase cycles of these chaperones. Considering the significant role of Stip1 protein in the HSP pathway, we characterized the complete coding sequence of the transcript encoding this protein in rainbow trout. For this, total RNA was isolated from the liver of a rainbow trout juvenile and used for synthesizing the template complementary DNA sequences by reverse transcription. Then, using specifically designed primers, the transcript encoding the Stip1 protein was PCR amplified, cloned in a zero blunt cloning vector and sequenced. The amplified product was 1962 bp long and contained a 1632 bp ORF region, which encodes a putative protein of 544 amino acids of molecular weight of 61kDa. The sequence also covered 288 and 45 bp in the 3’ and 5’ UTR, respectively. The Omstip1 mRNA (MN306526) showed high nucleotide sequence homology with other salmonids such as O. kisutch (98%), Salmo salar (97.2%), Salvelinus alpinus (97.7%) and Salmo trutta (97.2%). Likewise, phylogenetic analysis and multiple sequence alignment showed that the deduced protein sequence of Omstip1 clustered closely with other salmonids, indicating evolutionary conservation of Stip1 protein in this teleost order. Domain analysis of Omstip1 indicates the presence of nine tetratricopeptide repeats (TPR) and two heat shock chaperonin-binding motif (STi1) substantiating their molecular function and ability to interact with HSPs. Subsequent sequence analysis revealed that the Omstip1 did not contain any signal peptide, but had four potential N-glycosylation motifs at 31st, 96th, 260th and 314th amino acid residues. Also, the predicted presence of serine, threonine and tyrosine phosphorylation sites suggests the possibility of post-translational regulation of Omstip1 protein. Further in silico analysis predicts a predominant sub-cellular localization of Omstip1 in the nucleus and its functional role in protein folding, binding, stabilization and regulation of cellular response to heat. Overall, characterization of the complete Omstip1 coding sequence is the first step towards its use as a novel stress biomarker in rainbow trout.

103 National Symposium on “Coldwater Fisheries Development in India: Innovative Approaches and Way Forward for Enhancing Hill Farmers Income”

(FBB-06) COMPLETE SEQUENCE AND CHARACTERIZATION OF THE CYPRINION SEMIPLOTUM MITOCHONDRIAL GENOME AND ITS PHYLOGENETIC IMPLICATIONS

Aishwarya Sharma1, C. Siva1*, S. Ali1, Rupak Nath2, Debajit Sarma1

1ICAR ­ Directorate of Coldwater Fisheries Research, Bhimtal­263 136, Uttarakhand, India 2St. Anthonys College, Shillong, Meghalaya-793 001, India *Corresponding author: [email protected]

ABSTRACT The mitochondrial genome (mitogenome) can provide useful information for analysing phylogeny and molecular evolution. However, the complete mitogenomes from the order Cypriniformes are limited to representatives of the subfamily Barbinae. Therefore, in the present study, we sequenced the mitochondrial genome of Assamese kingfish (Cyprinion semiplotum), a species encompassing edible, nutritional and medicinal value. The genome structure, gene order and codon usage were typical among other cyprinid mitochondrial genomes. The mitogenome is circular and 16,671 bp in length with 13 protein coding genes (PCGs), 22 transfer RNA genes (tRNAs), two ribosomal RNA genes (rRNAs) and a control region (CR). The nucleotide composition of the genome is highly A + T biased, accounting for 55.10%, with a slightly positive AT skewness (0.024), indicating the occurrence of more adenine than thymine, as found in other Cyprinid fishes. All protein-coding genes (PCGs) initiate by an authoritative ATN codon, except for cox1 being CGA. Regarding the stop codon, six PCGs utilize the canonical termination codon (TAA and TAG), whereas the others end with the truncated stop codon (TA and T). All tRNA genes show a typical secondary cloverleaf structure, except for tRNAser (GCT) lacking the dihydrouridine arm. The phylogenetic position of C. semiplotum indicates that subfamily Barbinae is sister to subfamily Spinibarbinae. More molecular data from different taxonomic groups, especially from the kingfishes of the Eastern Himalaya is needed to understand the phylogeny and evolution of the kingfishes of the Eastern Himalaya. The mitogenome reported in this study will facilitate the study of population genetics and conservation of Cyprinion semiplotum.

Keywords: Mitogenome, Assamese kingfish, Population genetics, Conservation, Phylogeny

104 National Symposium on “Coldwater Fisheries Development in India: Innovative Approaches and Way Forward for Enhancing Hill Farmers Income”

(FBB-07) MOLECULAR CHARACTERIZATION AND IN SILICO ANALYSIS OF INTERLEUKIN 10 (IL-10) GENE IN GOLDEN MAHSEER, TOR PUTITORA

Akhtar M. S., Priyanka H. Tripathi*, Rajesh M, Ciji A and Anupam Pandey

ICAR-Directorate of Coldwater Fisheries Research, Bhimtal, Uttarakhand, India; *Corresponding author: [email protected]

ABSTRACT Interleukin 10 (IL-10) is an anti-inflammatory cytokine that down-regulates the inflammatory

cascades by preventing the secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines. It is produced by Th

cells, Tc cells, B cells, macrophages and dendritic cells. Interleukin 10 inhibits the excessive immune response to pathogens thereby preventing any harm to the host and maintaining tissue homeostasis. Although, there are numerous studies on IL-10 and its inhibitory effect in mammals but very less is known in teleosts with no study reported so far in golden mahseer, Tor putitora. Therefore, present study aimed to isolate, clone and characterize the complete coding sequence (CDS) of IL-10 gene in golden mahseer. For this, total RNA was isolated from the spleen tissue of freshly dissected golden mahseer, followed by cDNA synthesis using reverse transcription. The gene coding for TpIL-10 protein was amplified using the cDNA, with primers that were designed on conserved sequence homologues of fishes belonging to Cyprinidae family. The amplified PCR product was cloned in a zero blunt cloning vector and sequenced. The amplified product for TpIL-10 found to be 663bp long and contained a 537 bp ORF region, which encodes a putative protein of 179 amino acids. The sequence also covered 111bp and 15 bp in the 3’ and 5’ UTR, respectively. Sequence analysis of TpIL-10 showed high nucleotide similarity with the IL-10 from most fresh water fishes of Cyprinidae family such as Cyprinus carpio (94.29%), Carassius auratus (93.07%), Catla catla (94.67%) and Labeo rohita (95.86%). Subsequent sequence analysis of IL-10 protein revealed that it contains a signal peptide of 22 amino acids but no N-glycosylation motifs were present in the structure. Phylogenetic analysis using neighbor joining (NJ) method and multiple sequence alignment showed a closely evolutionary relationship among cyprinids. Also, the predicted presence of serine, threonine and tyrosine phosphorylation sites suggests the possibility of post-translational regulation of TpIL- 10 protein. Further in silico analysis predicts a predominant sub-cellular localization of TpIL-10 in the nucleus and extracellular region and its functional role in cytokine activity, interleukin 10 binding, negative regulation of chronic inflammatory immune response to antigenic stimulus, etc. Overall, the data obtained from complete CDS characterization of TpIL-10 may be further used to understand its transcriptional regulation and functional characterization in golden mahseer.

Keywords: Interleukin 10; Tor putitora; Cloning; mRNA; Cytokine

105 National Symposium on “Coldwater Fisheries Development in India: Innovative Approaches and Way Forward for Enhancing Hill Farmers Income”

(FBB-08) DEVELOPMENT AND CHARACTERIZATION OF SSR MARKERS IN NEOLISSOCHILUS HEXAGONOLEPIS (MACCLEND 1839), USING NEXT GENERATION SEQUENCING

Shahnawaz Ali*, C. Siva, Lata Sharma and Aishwarya Sharma

ICAR-Directorate of Coldwater Fisheries Research, Bhimtal, Nainital-263136, Uttarakhand *Corresponding author: [email protected]

ABSTRACT Neolissochilus hexagonolepis or chocolate mahseer is listed as a threatened fish species under IUCN due to decreasing population trend. The species is reported from Southeast Asia and in India, it is distributed across the Northeast region. Short sequence repeats (SSR) or microsatellites which are tandemly repeated motifs of variable lengths (1-6 bp) that are distributed throughout the eukaryotic nuclear genome in both coding and noncoding regions and have been used as gene marker. In the present study, Perl script MISA identified a total of 184,882 microsatellite loci, where 52,164 contigs comprised more than one SSR loci from the next generation sequencing data generated on Illumina Miseq platforms. In the identified contigs most frequently encountered repeat motifs were tetra-nucleotides (54.86%) followed by di-nucleotides (44.53%), and trinucleotides (0.61%). A total of 312 contigs were sorted with non-redundant flanking regions, and a total of 47 SSR primers were synthesized out of which 25 could be amplified with detectable polymorphisms among different populations of chocolate

mahseer. The observed (HO) and expected heterozygosity (He) varied between 0.408-0.855 and

0.929-0.948 respectively. The number of alleles observed (NA) per locus varied from 21 to 28 over all populations with a mean of 23 per locus, while effective numbers of alleles (NE) varied from 13 to 18 with an average of 15 per locus. The SSR markers developed for the first time in the present study will provide a valuable resource for future population genetic assessment and implementation of effective conservation strategies for wild chocolate mahseer.

Keywords: SSR; next generation sequencing; genetic marker, conservation

106 National Symposium on “Coldwater Fisheries Development in India: Innovative Approaches and Way Forward for Enhancing Hill Farmers Income”

(FBB-09) EPIDERMAL PLASTICITY IN SKIN OF A HILL STREAM FISH HARA HARA

Arunima1, Arup Mistri2, Swati Mittal2, Usha Kumari1*

1Zoology Section, Mahila Mahavidyalaya, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi-221005 2Department of Zoology, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi-221005 *Corresponding author: [email protected]

ABSTRACT Fish biodiversity plays a central role in an aquatic ecosystem. The specializations developed among fishes as a result of natural selection, reflect their exquisite structural design and functional details. Present investigation shows significant adaptive modification in the epidermis of an ornamental hill stream fish, Hara hara (Indian moth catfish) using light and scanning electron microscope. The epidermis is covered by polygonal epithelial cells, each having punctate microridges with a cell boundary. The surface of epidermis is characterized by the presence of irregularly distributed epidermal specialized structures, and sensory structures- taste buds and ampullaryorgans. The study reveals that the epidermal specialized structures are elevated, conical or cone shaped and keratinized in nature. The superficial layer epithelial cells of the epidermal projections are modified into spine like or ramified unculi which projectat the free surface. The presence of unculi could be associated with mechanical protection of the skin, rasping and adhesion. The superficial keratinized layer could frequently be discernible in the process of exfoliation at the surface. Light microscopic study demonstrates the presence of both club cells and sacciform cells in epidermis of the fish in addition to the mucous goblet cells. Different structural peculiarities of the skin of Hara hara have been associated to perform a variety of functions and help the fish to adapt and survive in the particular environment.

107 National Symposium on “Coldwater Fisheries Development in India: Innovative Approaches and Way Forward for Enhancing Hill Farmers Income”

(FBB-10) GENOME EDITING: AN EMERGING TOOL IN THE ADVANCEMENT OF AQUACULTURE

Janmejay Parhi

College of Fisheries, CAU(I), Lembucherra, Tripura Corresponding author: [email protected]

ABSTRACT Aquaculture has a tremendous potential in the field of global food production and thereby, assuring global food security. There have been several advancements in past few decades to genetically improve certain traits in fish like disease resistance, growth, fecundity etc. The most common approach for genetic improvement has been the selection and that has its own limitations such as generation interval and heritability of the chosen trait. Hence need of the hour, a new technology has to be adopted which can ensure genetic improvement and sustainability of aquaculture. Genome editing technology is one such tool which can bring about essential changes in the genome within very less time. Various gene editing technologies such as ZFN, TALEN, and CRISPER/Cas9 have been already implemented by scientists for identifying and fixing useful alleles, in different species but its utility in the field of aquaculture has not yet been explored. The vastness of fish diversity makes it more malleable for applying such technologies for genetic improvement. Understanding reproduction at molecular level should be the first priority for increasing fish production. Hence emphasis must be put on analysing the benefits and constraints of applying gene editing tools to improve reproduction genetically. In case of exploring disease in vertebrates, genome editing has already gained importance. Therefore targeting disease related genes in fish should also be placed under limelight. Moreover the choice of genome editing for developing fish models and drug screening is now on zenith. It is now quite anticipated fact that gene editing tools have wide applications in aquaculture.

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