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The Book of Beetles a Life-Size Guide to Six Hundred of Nature's Gems

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The Book of Beetles a Life-Size Guide to Six Hundred of Nature's Gems The Book of Beetles A Life-Size Guide to Six Hundred of Nature's Gems Edited by Patrice Bouchard ith 350,000 known This collection covers six hundred species, and scientific significant beetle species. Each W estimates that mil- features a distribution map, basic lions more have yet to be identi- biology, conservation status, and fied, beetles are one of the most information on cultural and eco- remarkable and varied creatures nomic significance. Full-color on earth. They range from the de- photos show the beetles both at lightful summer firefly to the one- actual size and enlarged to show hundred-gram Goliath beetle. details. Based in the most up-to- Beetles offer a dazzling array of date science and accessibly writ- shapes, sizes, and colors that en- ten, the descriptive text will ap- tice scientists and collectors across peal to researchers and armchair the globe. coleopterists alike. Contributors: PATRICE BOUCHARD, YVES BOUSQUET, CHRISTOPHER CARLTON, MARIA LOURDES CHAMORRO, HERMES E. ESCALONA, ARTHUR V. EVANS, ALEXANDER S. KONSTANTINOV, RICHARD A. B. LESCHEN, STÉPHANE LE TIRANT, AND STEVEN W. LINGAFELTER. Publication date For a review copy or other To place orders in the October 15, 2014 publicity inquiries, please United States or Canada, contact: please contact your local $55.00, cloth Lauren Salas University of Chicago Press 978-0-226-08275-2 Promotions Manager, sales representative or contact the University of 656 pages University of Chicago Press, Chicago Press by phone at 2400 color plates [email protected] 773-702-0890 1-800-621-2736. 7 1/8 x 10 1/2 THE BOOK OF BEETLES THE BOOK OF BEETLES A LIFE-SIZE GUIDE TO SIX HUNDRED OF NATURE’S GEMS EDITOR PATRICE BOUCHARD CONTRIBUTORS PATRICE BOUCHARD, YVES BOUSQUET, CHRISTOPHER CARLTON, MARIA LOURDES CHAMORRO, HERMES E. ESCALONA, ARTHUR V. EVANS, ALEXANDER KONSTANTINOV, RICHARD A. B. LESCHEN, STÉ PHANE LE TIRANT, STEVEN W. LINGAFELTER THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO PRESS Chicago PATRICE BOUCHARD is a research scientist and curator of Coleoptera at the Canadian National Collection of Insects, Arachnids, and Nematodes. CONTENTS YVES BOUSQUET is a research scientist at the Canadian National Collection of Insects, Arachnids, and Nematodes. CHRISTOPHER CARLTON is a research scientist and director of the Louisiana State Arthropod Museum MARIA LOURDES CHAMORRO is a research entomologist with the Systematic Entomology Laboratory at Introduction 6 the National Museum of Natural History in Washington, D.C. HERMES E. ESCALONA is a visiting scientist at the Australian National Insect Collection-CSIRO. ARTHUR V. EVANS is a research associate at the Smithsonian Institution. What is a beetle? 10 ALEXANDER KONSTANTINOV is a research entomologist with the Systematic Entomology Laboratory at the National Museum of Natural History in Washington, D.C. Beetle classication 16 RICHARD A. B. LESCHEN is a researcher at Landcare Research, New Zealand Arthropod Collection. Evolution & diversity STÉPHANE LE TIRANT is curator of the Montreal Insectarium. 18 STEVEN W. LINGAFELTER is a research entomologist with the Systematic Entomology Laboratory, Communication, reproduction & development 20 United States Department of Agriculture Defense 22 The University of Chicago Press, Chicago 60637 This book was conceived, Feeding behavior 24 The University of Chicago Press, Ltd., London designed, and produced by © 2014 by Ivy Press Limited Ivy Press Beetle conservation 26 All rights reserved. Published 2014. 210 High Street, Lewes Printed in China East Sussex BN7 2NS United Kingdom Beetles & society 28 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 1 2 3 4 5 www.ivy-group.co.uk ISBN-13: 978-0-226-08275-2 (cloth) Creative Director PETER BRIDGEWATER The beetles 30 ISBN-13: 978-0-226-08289-9 (e-book) Publisher SUSAN KELLY DOI: 10.7208/chicago/9780226082899.001.0001 Art Director MICHAEL WHITEHEAD ARCHOSTEMATA 32 Editorial Director TOM KITCH MYXOPHAGA 42 Portions of this work were written and prepared by ocers and/ Senior Project Editor CAROLINE EARLE or employees of the U.S. Government as part of their ocial duties Commissioning Editor KATE SHANAHAN ADEPHAGA 48 and are not copyrightable. Designer GINNY ZEAL POLYPHAGA 112 Illustrator SANDRA POND Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data LITHOCASE IMAGES Appendices 640 The book of beetles : a life-size guide to 600 of nature’s © Jason Bond and Trip Lamb: Onymacris bicolor. gems / edited by Patrice Bouchard ; with contributions by © Lech Borowiec: Cetonia aurata, Dytiscus marginalis, Lytta vesicatoria, Glossary 642 Patrice Bouchard, Yves Bousquet, Christopher Carlton, Pachylister inaequalis, Pachnephorus tessellates Classication of the Coleoptera 646 Maria Lourdes Chamorro, Hermes E. Escalona, Arthur V. Karolyn Darrow © The Smithsonian Institution: Tetracha carolina Evans, Alexander Konstantinov, Richard A. B. Leschen, Resources 648 Stéphane Le Tirant, and Steven W. Lingafelter. Anthony Davies © Her Majesty the Queen in Right of Canada as represented by the Minister of Agriculture and Agri-Food: Actinus pages : illustrations ; cm Notes on contributors 650 imperialis, Anthrenus museorum, Brachycerus ornatus, Byctiscus rugosus, Includes bibliographical references and index. Erotylus onagga, Hister quadrinotatus quadrinotatus, Saprinus cyaneus, Index of species and families 652 ISBN 978-0-226-08275-2 (cloth : alk. paper) — ISBN Spilopyra sumptuosa 978-0-226-08289-9 (e-book) 1. Beetles—Identification. Acknowledgments 656 2. Beetles—Pictorial works. I. Bouchard, Patrice, 1973– Henri Goulet © Her Majesty the Queen in Right of Canada as represented by the Minister of Agriculture and Agri-Food: Calosoma sycophanta editor. QL575.B66 2014 © René Limoges: Chalcosoma atlas 595.76—dc23 © Kirill Makarov: Byturus tomentosus 2014010716 © Udo Schmidt: Paranaleptes reticulata ∞ This paper meets the requirements of ANSI/NISO Z39.48- © Maxim Smirnov: Lamprima adolphinae, Mormolyce phyllodes, 1992 (Permanence of Paper). Sulcophaneus imperator © Chris Wirth: Alaus zunianus, Amblysterna natalensis, Calodema regalis, Color origination by Ivy Press Reprographics Thrincopyge alacris [CHECK UCP PLC IMAGES] INTRODUCTION or hardened forewings, or elytra (singular elytron). Depending on the species, elytra can help stabilize beetles in flight, protect their delicate hind wings and internal organs, conserve precious bodily fluids, capture bubbles of air underwater, and insulate them from extreme temperatures. Combined with their small and compact bodies and numerous other morphological and behavioral adaptations, beetles exploit and thrive in niches unoccupied or underutilized by other animals in widely diverse 6 INTRODUCTION terrestrial and freshwater habitats. Although the sheer number of species prevents all but the most common or economically important beetles from having a meaningful and widely accepted common name, each known species does have a scientic name consisting of a genus (plural genera) and species (singular and plural) epithet that is ABOVE Some beetles feed on a single plant universally recognized. To manage information eectively, coleopterists species; others feed on a wide range of file each species into a nested system of hierarchical groups, or taxa hosts. Adults of the North American pest (singular taxon), based on their shared evolutionary characteristics. the Japanese Beetle (Popillia japonica) Species is the most exclusive taxon, while the order Coleoptera is the most have been observed feeding on 300 hosts inclusive of beetle taxa. in approximately 80 plant families. “From the small size of insects, we are apt to undervalue their appearance. Beetles communicate with one another through physical, chemical, or visual means, usually to locate a mate. Although most species engage in BELOW Most beetles If we could imagine a male Chalcosoma with its polished, bronzed coat of are winged, but some sexual reproduction, a few reproduce asexually by cloning themselves, a have reduced hind mail, and vast complex horns, magnied to the size of a horse or even of a dog, wings and cannot y, process known as parthenogenesis. Among beetles, limited parental care such as species in the it would be one of the most imposing animals in the world.” African weevil genus of the young is the exception, not the rule. The larvae and adults eat a Brachycerus. CHARLES DARWIN, THE DESCENT OF MAN, & SELECTION IN RELATION TO SEX, 1871 variety of organisms, living and dead, especially plants. Those that prefer leaves, owers, fruits, needles, cones, and roots can ABOVE Beetles Beetles of the order Coleoptera, with nearly 400,000 described species, inict serious damage to food stores, gardens, crops, and represent an exceptionally diverse comprise one of the most diverse and important groups of animals on managed timber. Some carnivorous beetles are used group of organisms. Their importance for Earth. As such, coleopterists, biologists who specialize in the study of as biological control agents against agricultural or agriculture, forestry, culture, and science, beetles, have a view of the natural world with a degree of resolution that forestry pests, while scavenger species provide and endless variations in structures (e.g., the is seldom seen through the study of other organisms. an essential service to clean study skeletons male Atlas Beetle, Chalcosoma atlas) One out of every ve species of plants and animals is a beetle. Despite in natural history collections around the and microhabitat adaptations, have their riot of forms, colors, patterns, and behaviors, all beetles share a select globe. Recently,
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