. . -. American -1

the Journal of the American Affiliation

SEPIOCT 1974 VoLXIX, No. 5 I-'..:

~.- . -- ...... , I L AWA Affiliates

INDIANA (Cant.) ALABAMA COLORADO N. Alabama RivwRunners Aspen & St. Joe Valley .Armr. - .. -. Box 1520 Canw & Kayak Cluh Carter Martin Awen. CO XI hl I Elkhart YMCA 2602 Scenic Ih. S. E. 2OC B. Jackson Huntsville. AL 35801 Colorado White Water Assoc. Elkhart. IN46514 J. Michael Jacohs ljOn Dayton St. Tukuna Cluh Aurnra. CO ROIO Nancy Rea 952 Riwrside Dr. Whitewater Erpeditinns Sooth Bcnd. IN 46616 ALASKA Tom Anderson Knik Kanoers & Kayakers Bx. A-122 Kekionga Vnyageun Ent. Air Force Raw. CO 80912 F. Hein, Wahl. Rep. Ed Swansan 1818 Kcnsinpton Rlvd. 3014 Columhia Anchorage. AK 99.N4 Fort Wayme. IN 46805 CONNECTICUT Alaska Whitewater Assnc. Jim Hunter Great World KANSAS Glennallcn. AK 99588 W. R. Hackell. Jr. 2.N Farm5 Village Rd. W. Simshurv. C'I'Oh092 Univ. of Cnnn. CALIFORNIA Outing Clnh Mary Pfann Jnhnson County Canw Club Southern calif. Canoe Asroc. Bn. 110 Holcam Hall GCO.and Joan Weiter Ron Ceurrorst Unh. of Connecticut 7872 Rosewood Lane 3966 S. Menlo Ave. Storrs. C'l'06268 Prairie Village. KS 66208 Lns An~eles.CA 90037 Voyageur Canw & Kayak Cluh Leon Hannah KENTUCKY GEORGIA 12814 Arminta St. The Viking Canoe Club N. Hollyrvoad. CA 91 60.5 Georgia Canwing Association Joe Vcnh~~ff W. D. Crowley. Jr. 3108 Rockaway Dr. Box 7023 Louisville. KY 40216 Atlanta. G.4 3030q SAGESchool of Outdoors Box 5181 Sierra Cluh IDAHO Lexington. KY 4O.YlS Loma Prieta Paddlers Joe Kilner Idaho Aloine Cluh 185 Lnocks Are. Dean Hngmann LOUISANA Los Altos. CA 94040 1953 Melody Idaho Falls. ID 83401 Fqnu Haystackers Idlewild Yacht Cluh Marsha Guntur Kuss Svmnn. Rep. 624 MOTSSt. ROO Market St. ILLINOIS . LA '01 19 San Francisco. CA 94102 Northern Prairie OuMtters Outdoor Adventures Randy Hendee Dave Orlans 206 N. W Highway 688 Sutler St. Fox River Grove. IL hW2l Bates Outine Cluh San Francisco. CA 94102 R. kc;; Illinois Council Ucpt. of Physics. BatesCollegc Sierra Cluh River Touring Jack Snarr 2310 Prncpect Ave. Lcwiston. ME 04240 Bay Chapter, Rcrt Welti Evanstan. 11.60201 Sunrise County Canoe Exped. 1440 Jones. No. 2 Chicago Whitewater Assnc. San Francisco. CA 94109 Rr 66 Bruce Wcher E. Machias. ME04630 Echo 5652 S. C'alifimia Joe Dale, Chicap. IL 60029 2424 Ruwll St. MARYLAND Berkelet. CA 94705 Canw Cruisers of Mother Lode Greater , D.C. Whitewster Experience (182~Ked Tap Rd.. No. I -B Pacific High School Bdleville Whitewater Club l'akoma Pk.. MIl?o()l2 Ken Brunges Linda Seaman. Rep. 581 Continental Dr. No. 3 Oakwrxxl Terrapin Tmil Cluh San Jose. CA 951 11 Belleville. IL 62223 Bx 18 Student Union Bldg. U. of Mayland American Youth Hostels College Park. MD 20742 Santa Clara Valley Club R. C. Stcvcns INDIANA Appalachian River Runners .%93 Blossom Wnod Avc. Federation San Jow. CA 951 24 American Assor. Joc Monohan. Box 107 Ernert Schmidt McHcnry. MD21.Ml YMCA of San Joaquin County Bradhrd Woods 640 N. Center St. Martinsville. IN 46151 Stcrkton. CA 95202 Mountain Waterways Hnnsier Canoe Cluh Skip Bonham Ucnnis Flickinper 171 N. Washington 7224 Tourley Dr. Sonora. CA 95370 Indianapolis. IN 46256 Ada* WHITEWATER Sponsored by The American Whitewater Afiliation SEPIOCT 1974 Vol. XIX, No. 5 - Contents ARTICLES The Why Do We Run Rivers?...... Scott Holzhauser 149 Study of Whitewater Fatalities ...... Carl Trost 150 American Offset Gate Techniques ...... Dave Kurtz 165 Whitewater Tribute ...... C. Walbridge 171 Affiliation "Third Hand" Theme ...... 0. K. Goodwin 172

Executive Director ARCC: 1973-1974 ...... Brent Blackwelder 177 JAMES C. SINDELAR 264 East Side Dr. Concord, RH 03301 DEPARTMENTS: Affiliates . . 146, 179, 180 Classified...... 164 Letters ...... 148 Racing Tips ...... 165 Board of Directors Hahn's Honchos ...153 Race Results...... 169 President J. Calvin Giddings Dean'sVoyageurs ... 163 Book Reviews .....174 1425 Perry Ave. Try This ...... 164 Editor's Soapbox ...178 Salt Lake City, UT 84103 - Vice President - Paul Davidson - 478 Pythian St. - Morgantown, WV 26505 - - Editorial Chairman and Editor: Iris Sindelar. P.O. Box 321, Concord. NH 03.701 Secretary -= Southeast Regional Editor: Margaret 0. Tucker. 2618 Defwrs Ferrv Rd.. N. W.. Atlanta. Duane ~oltjen -- GA30318 617 Marcel Dr. - Midwest Regional Editor: Gary E. Myers. 28 W 136 Hillview Dr., Route 1, Naperville. IL -= 60.540 Manchester, MO 63011 - Editorial Committee: Margaret Tucker. Ed Alexander. 0. K. Goodwin. Charles Smith. Geo. Larsen. Ray Gabler, Michael Mutek, Gary E. Myers. David 0. Cooney Business Manager: Charles Smith. 1760 Walnut St.. Berkeley. CA 94709 21 Haggerty Rd. Membership Chairman; Surflng Reporter: Geo. Larsen, Box 1584, San Bruno. CA 94066 Potsdam, NY 13676 Midwest Membership Chairman: Fred Dietz, 1590 Sleepy Hollow. Coshocton, OH 43812 Advertising Dept.; 1011 Arnold, 1738 Mayburn. Dearhorn. MI 48218; Rist Bonnefond. 53 Gerald H. Meral Mapicwoad Ave.. Misquamicut. RI 02891: Scott Price. Nantahala Outdoor Center. U. S. 2728 Durant Ave. 19 at Wesser. N. C., Star Route. Brvson City. NC 28713 Berkeley, CA 94704 AWA Trips Committee Chairman: David Coonev. 21 Haggerty Rd.. Potsdam. NY 33676 Safety Chamrman: O.K. Goodwin. 1240 Moyer Rd., Newport News. VA 23602 Ann Schafer 22406 DeKalh Dr. Conservation Chairman: Gerald Meral. Environmental Defense Fund. 2728 Durant Aae., Woodland Hills, CA - Berkeley, CA 94704 91364 =Correspondence- Chairman: Lynn Wilson, Box 109. Pluckemin. NJ 07978 -= Racing Editor: Ray Gabler. 151 Jensen Circle, West Springfield MA 01089 -= How to Write to American Whitewater: Deadlines for all material. including advertising, are - the 25th of DR.. Feh.. Apr.. June. Aup.. and Oct.. fnr Nos. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5 and 6 respectively. Phillip Allender - Chestnut Ridge Rd. = Send Race Schedules and results to the Racing Frlitor. Ray Gabler. Morgantown, WV 26505 - -= Send memhershlp suhrcrlption paymenls, change\ of oddre%. non-receipt ofcopirc to Ameri- Don Bodley - ran Whitewater, 1'0. llor 321. ('oncord NH0.3301 = Scnd rrquntc for ndterti*ing inft~rrnation18, s

COVER: Rua Nichols, bow, and John Evans, stern, at Jamaica, Vt. during 1973 West River Races. Photo by Stowe Photo. Dear Iris, here is backpacking into the remote Perhaps it would be of interest to the wilderness areas of the canyons that are AWWA members to know who was the the tributaries of the Colorado. Despite first modern person to develop the modern being past 70 my interest and activity in kayak and perfect the roll. this is undiminished. For fear of becom- Since my association with goes ihg boastful I'll open the curtain just a back to 1922 I became exposed to the little bit and admit of having stood on the roll through a book by Edi Hans Pawlata banks of the Nile, the Oxus and the Indus (Kipp Kipp Hurra! im Reinrassigen Kajak) Rivers and rafted down the swift m'bu- published in 1928 in German. taries of the Amazon and on the Arctic My copy of 53 pages not only de- Ocean, and this fall will be on another scribes the technique by word and pic- trek into Sikkim and Bhutan." Here's tures and diagrams, but in addition it has hoping we can persuade this unique man a scale pattern for a rigid as well as a to write down some of his adventures so designed by Pawlata. that we may enjoy them vicarious- In 1930 I built the folding kayak, and ly. - Ed) using Pawlata's instructions my friend Stannard Baker mastered the roll tech- 1 FREE. CATALOG C/ I nique in this kayak in 1930. Cordially,

Lothar Kolbig 323 Coffeepot Dr.

Sedona, AZ 86336 - - WILDERNESS CAMPING (In a later letter Mr. Kolbig mentions that Bimonthly camping journal he and "Sneakin Deacon" Kiehm had been friends for some 50 years Subscribe by sending $4.00 and includes this tantalizing paragraph: for six issues to: "Here in the West with its few rivers, especially the Southwest, canoeing or Wilderness Camping white water sport is not strong. Our sport 1255 Portland Place Boulder, CO 80302

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148 American WHITEWATER WHY DO WE RUN RIVERS? rivers, the passive participants, or passen- gers, and the active participants, the by Scott Holzhauser boaters themselves. The first are probably in the majority, but nearly everyone who reads this journal is an active participant, When you're out in the middle of a and we tend to forget the passenger. river, and the wind is blowing 35 mph A river trip seen through the eyes of a (upstream as usual), the sun is going passenger is much different than one down, and the gale winds are frosted with experienced by a boatman. Both experi- little particles of water, sand or dust; ence joy, exhilaration and excitement but when you look around and everyone is for different reasons. The typical passen- freezing and camp or vehicle is miles ger gets his thrills from riding the away; have you ever wondered WHY? where he can see the danger and feel the Just what is it that drives us to enjoy such stinging water in his face. He is doing pleasantries? A streak of masochism? something he probably never thought he I think not. I have eaten enough sand would have nerve to do but may have over the years to evolve my appendix into nevertheless looked forward to for a long a gizzard, but I can't honestly say I enjoy time. And he is excited and happy. it. No, savoring the culinary possibilities The boatman, however, who is charged of different species of sand grains is not with the responsibility of the trip and the the raison d'etre of a river trip. But I safety of the passengers experiences a digress. different sensation entirely. He must in- Certainly we all share a love of the teract with both the passengers and the outdoors. But so do hikers, climbers, river. He is happy when the passengers are campers and many others. Each of these happy and satisfied. He is (or should be) activities requires certain skills and cer- despondent when they are not and it is tain physical stamina. River running, his fault. As a boater, even when running however, like skiing and a few others private trips with my friends I usually requires a skill not common to the have some inexperienced people along others: that of making decisions under whom I feel responsible for, so it is pressure of time. Here is where we get inevitable that some of my emotions on hooked. Once we have done it for a the river are experienced vicariously while, and have developed a skill at it, it through them. Passengers or no, the . is hard to give it up. This feeling is boatman is always exhilarated after a eloquently described by professional river difficult and successful run, and dejected runner Gaylord Staveley on running a few when it could have been better, for the rapids after an absence that was too long. boatman has to read the river, and he has "It was wonderful to be apprehensive to do it right or he may find his passen- again, to have to listen critically and look gers, equipment and himself in bad trou- sharply and have so little time to make ble. the right decisions before the Moment of I consider myself a boatman, and with Truth at the head of each rapid.* or without passengers, the greatest highs I There are two types of people that run have ever felt have been on the river and have come from sharing with others the excitement of a successful and difficult * Staveley, Gaylord, (1971) "Broken Waters run. It's not hard for me to understand Sing" Little, Brown & Co. pp. 11 6-11 7 why I run rivers...... VOL. XIXI5 A Study of Whitewater Fatalities California Drownings Soar by Carl Trost, 257 Pacheco Street, San Francisco, CA 94116

At least 28 people died in California in quarter. Two of the victims were women, 1973 as a result of river-running acci- ages 25 and 27. dents, .most of them involving inflatables. Only 2 of the 28 victims wore life This is more than three times the figure jackets, however, this leads to a danger- for any previous year. No member of any ous over-simplification about safety on river-touring club was involved. rivers. The circumstances show that per- Suspecting that accounts in metropoli- haps 19 people would still be alive had tan newspapers were giving only a super- they been wearing life vests, some of the ficial picture of what might be happening 9 that were trapped in snags, reversals, on our rivers, early in 1973 I began a and tunnels would have suffered their statewide tally with an appeal to our club same fate, and 6 of their companions members for clippings from their local might have drowned in the same reversals papers on river-running fatalities. Accu- had they, too, been wearing life vests. racy of my file has been reasonably Clearly, a flotation vest is essential, but it verified and augmented as well as possible is no cure-all. with data issued by California's Depart- Fifteen rivers and streams and one ment of Navigation and Ocean Develop- canal figured in the fatalities, the Kern ment (they are prohibited from giving River above Lake Isabella leading with 6, dates and details). The 28 fatalities, double that of any comparable river fork. classed according to the type of vessel About half of the victims drowned in being used, are 18 with inflatable rafts, 2 flat water or gentle streams (class I and , 1 kayak, 2 rowboats, 3 inner II), although some of these streams were tubes, 1 air mattress, and 1 on a log (the at their high-water stages, with conse- last two were both reported as attempting quent difficulties for the inexperienced. to ride rapids on the Kern River). News- This and lack of life vests support my paper editorials overlooked the inclusion belief that many people have no under- of reservoir accidents in the D.N.O.D. standing of the hazards and deceptive statistics, and I further discounted two power of mild water, believing that the boys, aged 4 and 14, who.apparently had risk is to others running the "dangerous" not intended to run the river when their streams. This underestimation continues raft was drawn into the current. D.N.O.D. right up the scale, with "good" swimmers guidelines do not include inner tubes and failing to recognize the treachery in such, nor 3 in my count that drowned "easy" white water, and with people that indirectly but definitely as the result of are mislead by the easier appearance of a mishaps (fording a stream after river at the put-in. being stranded, retrieving paddles). The dates and locations of the acci- Ages of the victims ranged from 13 to dents in my file followed a very familiar 50 years, with a median age of 23 and an and predictable pattern during the first average age of 24. Half of the victims half of the year, starting with the coastal were between the ages of 19 and 25, and streams when they swelled with rain in those that were older account for another February, then moving to the Sierra rivers

150 American WHITEWATER Fiqure- 1. Number of river-running- fatalities in California by. .year and Npe. . of craft. Year Raft Canoe Kayak Tube Misc. Total Runoff, % 1971 4 1 1 1 1 8 110 - 56 1972 0 3 1 3 0 7 70 - 29 1973 18 2 1 3 4 28 95 - 167

Runoff shows the range of snowmelt in percent of normal between April 1 and July 1 in the most popular Sierra region from the American River (central) to the Kern (southern), respectively. 1971 and 1972 raft, canoe, and kayak data from Cal. Dept. of Navigation and Ocean Development. Inner-tube data may be incomplete.

in April and increasing with the crest of these reports is geared to a long tradition California's snow melt in late May, as of motor and sail craft on open waters. shown in figure 2. There was one drown- Hours of "Operator's Experience" tells ing on each of the two Monday holidays nothing compared with "Had you run the in February; six on the Memorial Day river before? - At the same level?" The weekend. 6 of the 8 July drownings primary cause of a raft accident is likely occurred on weekends, but the week and to be attributed to "Capsizing7' or "Col- week ends encompassing July 4 (a lision With a Fixed Object," with the Wednesday) took only 2 lives (Only 2 "Lack of Personal Flotation Device" list- lives!). ed as only a contributing factor. Indeed! We could argue that capsizing is a com- ACCIDENT REPORTS mon and accepted part of our sport, and There are possible shortcomings in that these are not even boating accidents state and national boating statistics. but accidents in which the lack Public health agencies count death certi- of a flotation vest was the primary cause! ficates in broad categories, such as "recre- (Unfortunately, the person so inexperi- ational drownings." The Coast Guard and enced as to be without a life vest very cooperating state agencies require a boat- likely is the victim of an unforseen ing accident report in case of a death, "boating accident.") injury that incapacitates for 72 hours, or damage over $100. Reporting is routine ACTUAL CASES on many reservoirs, but a county sheriff It is easy to dismiss these accidents as may not associate the river-drowning inevitable in a risky sport, destined to victim that spilled from a small raft with happen to a small percentage of partici- a boating accident report. Thus the week- pants, perhaps to those lacking in com- . end contingent of untrained lake paddlers mon sense, careless, or less competent. and their less stable canoes may be This attitude in itself probably con- contributing more than a fair share to the tributes its share of victims (since we all statistics on their craft. There is the consider ourselves sensible, the irnplica- question of when a raft made up of inner tion is that accidents happen to others). tubes becomes a vessel, and the problem It is important to remember that, as with as to how a deputy might classify an our own river decisions, to every victim, "inflatable canoe" or the plywood what he or she was about to do made "kayak." sense at the time. Our statistics show that The accident form and even the think- three-quarters of the victims were in a ing of officials filling out or classifying mature age bracket. The several surviving

VOL. XIXI5 companions to whom I talked were in- streams that now serve as drainage chan- telligent, capable people. Each had missed nels for our urban communities, with the that particular knowledge or learning excellent coastal rivers snaring only an experience that would have alerted them occasional local resident that ventures out to what was to come. One near victim, an with kayak or canoe. 1973 exceeded experienced canoeist, expressed the crux expectations. of many river accidents simply and ex- Early in February two men and a ceptionally well: "It looked so innocent." woman, all wearing wet suits but not life The mere numbers belie the circum- vests, launched their 8-man raft at the stances and the personal tragedies in- town park in the Bay Area community of volved. A review of some of the accidents Walnut Creek. At the mid-point of the is of value in understanding the problem. 3-mile run the creek enters a concrete (Note that newspaper accounts, on which channel with 12-foot vertical walls. The many of these cases are based, are not channel ends after a smoothly curved, necessarily accurate). 45-degree, 6-foot descent to the level of Dam Reversal the take-out pool. With rain run-off run- In February the coastal streams run ning 6 feet high in the channel, the drop high but inclement weather discourages could have been as much as 10 feet. The the weekend traveler. The predictable raft dove under the reversal wave at the pattern is for accidents on the ephemeral base of the drop and was held there. The

Figure 2. 1973 river-running fatalities seem to follow a hydrograph of California streamflow strongly influenced by holidays and fair weather. Solid bars represent deaths on three-day weekends.

152 American WHITEWATER passengers eventually washed out, first the woman, who was pulled to shore by HAHN'S HONCHOS nearby workmen, then an unconscious man floated by and was lost, and finally the second man was pulled to shore. They specifically chose to run when the water was high. At whatever level they exarnin- ed the reversal, the surviving man pre- dicted that they would be stopped; his companion insisted the raft would ride through. The surviving man tried to fight the reversal current, then clung to the raft (he estimates 10 minutes - he could watch workmen being frustrated by a wire fence in their attempts to throw him a rope). Resigned to his fate when his strength gave out, he was swept under and emerged downstream. Comment: While I procrastinated for a year before contacting the surviving man, several people 'phoned him within weeks of the drowning to inquire about the run, insisting that they had adequate life vests. It was all the man could do to talk them - - - - - out of it and convince them that a life FLOTATION BAGS jacket would be of no help against the K-1 Set 3% Ibs. $ 9.75 reversal. The experience of the party C-1 Set 5 Ibs. 9.75 consisted of an easy canoe run and one previous raft run below the dam. It is C-2 Set 7% lbs. 12.50 SPLIT BAGS (SET OF FOUR) curious to note that their activities in- cluded sky , drag racing, and drag- K-I $15.25 C-2 $18.25 , and that the survivors now C-1 15.25 consider our sport dangerous. One of our NEW-STOW-N-FLOAT BAGS expert kayakers subsequently ran the K-1 Set $20 C-I Set $22.50 dam with only a few inches of water (much to the consternation of local 411 bags are 20 mil. vinyl and carry a . police), and even at that low level, with one-year warranty. virtually no reversal wave, his kayak was Satisfaction guaranteed or your stopped. He reports that at high water the money refunded. reversal is a horror, with debris and \/Ve ship the same day we receive tumbling logs. your order. Local Creeks Shipping $1.25 per set in U.S. The following weekend, Lincoln's Birthday, the troubles centered around AMERICAN San Jose and Camel, 60 miles to the POLY-SEAL south. Two young men had to be roped Fourth 8 Seminole Lester, PA 191 13 across upper Coyote Creek after being

VOL. XIXI5 Figure 3. Check dam that caused injuries on Stevens Creek. Note box trap that exists at low water and underwater drain to next pool. Dimensions could not be estimated accurately enough to determine the problems these might present. stranded by their raft. One man in a party No Spare Oar of four drowned when their raft capsized On the Sunday of the Washington's in the rain-swollen Carmel River. He was Birthday weekend, a father, his 19-year- not wearing a life vest. old son, and a 15-year-old companion Two men were pulled up the steep boarded a small, rented raft and entered embankment of Stevens Creek in a litter Cache Creek via two miles of the North and treated for back injuries after a Fork, commencing a little-known, 19- 6-man raft in which 5 people were riding mile wilderness run between state high- went over a concrete check dam. I visited ways 20 and 16. The son was a paraplegic the site and found the stream almost who enjoyed and rafting impossible to scout because it was clo'sed despite leg braces. All were wearing wet off by freeways and houses, the approach suits and preservers. At about 1 p.m. they was blind due to the heavy brush lining snagged on bushes, dumping the son into the narrow stream, and the dam was a the water. The fifteen-year-old went to 10-foot drop in three steps, resembling a his aid, losing a shoe in the process. The giant fish ladder (Figure 3). It is my guess group made shore, but a lost oar forced that the raft flipped in the first drop, an end to their trip, according to news- throwing its occupants onto the next paper accounts. concrete barrier. At 4 p.m. the 15-year-old went ahead Source: Newspaper accounts for help, arriving at a submerged low- Comment: Local suburban creeks, be- water bridge some 10 miles away at cause of brush, debris, check dams, and 10:30 a.m. the following day, where he an all-or-nothing flash flow, are a poor was brought across the river by Scouts choice. with kayaks and a raft. Meanwhile, the American WHITEWATER father and son huddled and shivered their raft amid the debris lining the banks beneath their raft throughout the night. near the mouth, they decided to run a Believing that their friend had run into mild surf, hardly more than 2-foot waves, trouble, and unable to stand another and let the surf wash them back onto the freezing night, it appears they struggled sandy ocean beach. The raft, driven by along the river until they came within what survivors said was a 14-knot current, sight of Highway 16 (three miles up- capsized in the surf. The survivors then stream of the low-water bridge). They found themselves driven by the same attempted to ford a wide part of the relentless current while the waves stream, but the youth slipped from his smashed at them brutally from the oppo- father's grasp and drowned. site direction. One survivor said the bat- Body recovery required two days and tering was so severe he feared he would involved deputies of two counties, two be knocked unconscious. He tried to dive, helicopters, a rescue unit, and reduction but had to remove his parka with its of the flow at Clear Lake dam to lower entrapped air before he could submerge. the river three feet. Four of the party managed to get through Sources: Newspapers (which placed the surf, away from the current, and back the group on the wrong fork); Coroner's to shore south of the river's mouth. The report. victim was last seen clinging to the raft, Comment: This would not be included which apparently was trapped in the in state statistics because the group doubly vicious surf. reached safety after the boating mishap. Source: Interview with survivor. However, we consider this the direct Comment: None of the party had the result of a raft trip leading to exhaustion, added buoyancy of life jackets or wet desperation, and the death, and seemingly suits, which, in this unusual situation, involving a number of elements common may have been fortunate, at least for the to river accidents - high water, brush, survivors. The accepted practice is to isolated canyon, lack of secured spare oar wear life vests and to avoid reversals. In (a common shortcoming of rental equip- this unique incident we have a warning ment), and lack of a companion vessel that peculiar, reversal-like conditions may that could have assisted or gone for help. exist in the opposition of river and ocean Cache Creek, where it finally parallels currents. Flow that produced this con- highway 16, is a very popular summer dition was only 800 cfs (yearly average, run, class IIt at 500 cfs (782 cfs yearly 43 cfs; 46 square miles drainage). average; 955 square-mile drainage). What this group knew of the upper section Spring Run-off (same rating), whether they had been The Stanislaus River has 14 miles of deceived by the 670 cfs in their first 2 the most popular white water in Cali- miles on the North Fork, or had observed fornia. On a flow sustained throughout the main flow of over 3500 cfs at the summer and fall at 700 cfs by a hydro- take-out prior to starting, is not known to electric development, 18,000 people US. floated the upper and lower runs, and Surf another 13,000 people made overnight Late in February, five people success- trips as paying passengers with 12 com- fully paddled a 12-man raft down 8 miles mercial raft companies during 1973. The of Pescadero Creek, a small, rain-swollen river starts with a two-mile series of pools coastal stream. However, rather than land and drops rated as a "forgiving" class IV, VOL. XIXI5 then tapers off. Most outfitters take 4 or miles, and for whom the food has been 5 passengers per 10-man raft equipped purchased, are to be denied their trip with frame. Passengers wear life when everyone else is running. Indeed, it vests, usually the large, maritime type. is the boatman with some favorable big-

On Saturday, May 19, the river had water experience- and confidence who is risen to 8,600 cfs from 5,000 cfs the day likely to overlook the statistical nature of before, probably due to a shower on the river running. Perhaps the best answer ripe snow pack in the high country. One would be a sign at the put-in posting the commercial outfitter had a rope across present flow against a scale of advisory the main channel to one of his rafts, cut-off levels for various craft. which was pinned to a rock midstream in Retrieving Paddles Death Rapids (named after a drowning a On the Stanislaus River in mid July, a decade ago). A second outfitter attempt- man of 26 reportedly removed his life ed a last minute change to the far channel vest to swim after an oar or paddle. There to avoid the rope and capsized two of his is an adequate recovery area between rafts. rapids, but-he was apparently swimming Upstream, after the first few rapids, a downstream when most of us would commercial raft had become unmanage- prefer not to delay in reaching shore and able because of water it had taken on in was swept into the Widow Maker (named the unusually heavy rapids. It capsized in only for its fearsome appearance - a a hole where normally there is a well- steep, powerful incline with^ several stra- exposed and easily avoided giant boulder. tegic boulders enroute during moderate A 50-year-old passenger died of a heart flows). He was recovered face down and attack, suffered, it is believed, during the artificial respiration attempted, with no first moments of the swim. response, and he was turning blue. A Reports of the small inflatables in- doitor comingu downstream in a C-2 dicate chaos, capsizings, and innumerable stopped and aministered adrenalin, restor- rescues by the professional crews. During ing vital signs. The victim was hospital- normal high water the outfitters claim ized and died four months later. they pull out a half-dozen people each Source: Newspapers. weekend. Comment: This and the next account Sources: Newspapers and friends on are included in our files as fatalities that the river that weekend. were the direct result of raft trips, but Comment: The establishment of a would not be counted in state statistics. "hazardous" level is arbitrary and can The American River is a pleasant, only be done on a personal basis consider- afternoon's drift on just about anything ing one's own equipment, ability, and that will float for hundreds of people in philosophy of risk. The insidious aspect is the vicinity of the capital city of Sacra- that each weekend every person sees mento. San Juan or "Lunch Stop" rapids, everyone else preparing to run the river in one of the two "notorious" exceptions to an April-into-October season that must this placid but moving river, is a ledge inevitably meet with high water (and in that creates a "stopper" wave and several some years, unusually high water). Even tongues of fast water alternating with the most individualistic commercial boat- turbulence and eddies in its span across man is not likely to decide that 25 paying two-thirds of the river (class I to 11). A passengers, having reserved space months raft passenger dropped his paddle, then in advance and driven several hundreds beached the raft on the bar adjacent to American WHITEWATER the rapid. His companion, leaving his life Trapped jacket in the raft, swam out to retrieve There were no reports of the usual the paddle and drowned. tree-snag and wooden-bridge-piling drown- Source: Person who knew the victim. ings, but the year was not without fatalities in the general category of en- Comment: It has been my theory that trapment. reports of inexplicable drownings of The Russian River is traveled by some people swimming across rivers could be twenty or thirty thousand canoeists each attributed to the victims being taken by year, most of them renting from a nearby surprise by the downward currents at agency. One canoe, attempting to ride the eddy lines. Also, this run may typify the waters funneling through permanent pil- life-jacket problem. About half of the ings where a summer dam is sometimes several hundred people that float this installed, apparently struck a previously river on a weekend do not wear life submerged canoe and broached against a jackets for such a mild stream. Some piling, trapping the sternman between the intend to don jackets if they encounter canoes and the piling. Deputies had to use rapids, but never get around to it. Too a winch to remove the canoe. many get their initial experience in terror An inflatable kayak with two life- in an Juan rapids, first when their rafts jacketed men, and a raft with one man, are held and pitched about by the wave, not wearing a life jacket, capsized while and again when they find what it is like running the drop in an old, breached dam to be- submerged without a life jacket, on the North Fork of the American River even in an easy rapid. between Highway 49 and Folsom Lake.

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VOL. XIXI5 157 Deputies claimed that the two men bob- man looked back and saw the hand of his bed free because of their life jackets but companion clinging to the raft. Neither that the third man was trapped in the old he nor deputies could find his com- timbers. It took the volunteer fire depart- panion, but the life vests were found with ment three hours to extricate the body. the pinned raft. The body was recovered Source: Newspapers 10 days later about a mile downstream Comment: Under what conditions a near Sims. life vest might have lifted a person so that Source: Newspapers. at least the head was above water and Comment: We speculate that this may whether the vest might at times con- be a good example of how people are tribute to the problem in snags is an old deceived into not wearing life vests, of and highly speculative subject among how they probably put off donning them boaters. I have not seen this dam since it with each successful rapid, and of the has broken away to the point of being shortcomings of scouting a river from a runnable, but I feel that generally the road. At best this river is shallow but buoyancy of a jacket would be over- rocky and swift (an expert's class 11), whelmed by the force of falling water and turns into class I11 where the trip started, would make little difference in this type then in the two miles above Sims has a of situation. Boaters must be alert for class IV, a 3-foot drop (the accident fallen trees, the possibility of broaching site?), and an abrupt, double falls of 6 against boulders, and have enough river and 4 feet. The final 15 miles are class IV technique to avoid these problems or take and I11 despite glimpses from the road. out before they are in currents beyond their capabilities (a common oversight Irrigation Canals when a river is higher than normal). On a Sunday in July a happy float trip Timbers and steel rods are common down an irrigation canal turned into what where dams have been breached or must be the classic boaters' nightmare bridges washed away. when the water entered a mile-long tun- nel hewn through a granite hill. Eight Deceiving Appearances men and women (ages 18 to 26) in a From the freeway a hundred feet flotilla of six inner tubes and two yellow above the Sacramento River, the 30-mile rafts started down the waters diverted stretch from Lake Shasta upstream to from the Stanislaus River at Goodwin Dunsmuir looks like a sparkling Class I1 Dam. They reportedly attempted the trip stream, especially with its low July flow. on the recommendation of friends, who Freeway speed also makes distance decep- apparently had made the trip when the tive. Two young men attempted a 16-mile water was lower. They had come three run in a small raft starting at 2:30 p.m., miles, passing through three short tun- carrying but not wearing life jackets nels, when they rounded a bend in the because of the mild appearance of the vertical-walled channel and were con- stream. At 6 p.m., about 5 miles down- fronted with a black tunnel with a jagged stream, their raft became pinned against a roof clearing the water by barely two large boulder at the brink of a 2 or 3-foot feet. The swift current pushed them on as falls. According to newspaper accounts, the roof closed down, ufitil rafts, tubes, unable to free their raft, they climbed and riders were jammed up about 30 feet onto the boulder and decided to let the from the entrance. One fellow tried to water carry them over the falls. The first bite through his tube to deflate it. One by

American WHITEWATER one they were forced to let themselves be carried into the unknown. At times there was air space at the ceiling, but jagged granite or reinforcing steel battered and cut them. Two of the men drowned. The others emerged with barely enough strength to climb out before entering an even worse tunnel. Source: Newspapers. Comment: A waterway can be drasti- cally different from one's past recollec- tions or a friend's description. Changes in flow are the rule, not the exception. Reports of canal fatalities of people who failed to scout or anticipate screens, tubes, weirs, siphons, and unclimbable sides have appeared in newspapers for at least a decade.

Helmets The bulk of the clippings in my file are extremely brief accounts. Most of them seem to be simple cases of people ventur- ing out on lakes and rivers, often rather respectable rivers during the high-water I' season, without life jackets. That the MAYBE. TI-115 JUST ISN'T YOUR RIVER'' circumstances behind these reports may be more complex is shown in our final case history. I had hoped to develop some STOCKING STUFFER. . . statistics on the need for helmets. Three or four accounts did mention that "com- "G"-rated book of over 50 cartoons panions believed the victim might have by Milt Jines (example above). Christmas struck his head on a rock." is at the bottom of the next drop so plan Comment: It is only a personal hunch ahead; send $2.25 (plus 12c tax in Calif.) that shocked and disbelieving com- to: panions, having previously convinced KAYAKER'S EXPOSE themselves that life jackets were not 1752 Monticello Rd. necessary, are groping for an explanation San Mateo, CA 94402 more in keeping with an "unfortunate accident." Consequently, I tend to dis- count these statements. Coroners' reports RENEW BY DECEMBER 311 are not likely to establish the sequence If your address is correct on the mail- between head injury and drowning. Our ing label, just send it and your check to: best observation seems to be the helmets that several of my companions WHITEWATER have cracked in the same waters being run P. 0. Box 321 by inner tubes and small rafts. Concord, N.H. 03301

VOL. XIXI5 Life-Jacket Mix-up the big water to come, and the difficulty On the weekend that the Stanislaus of swimming in rapids, even at normal was having its high-water problems, the flows, might have led to a different South Fork of the American was flowing decision on the life jacket. Those familiar 3800 cfs, not overly hazardous compared with this notorious hole know the ur- to summertime power releases of 1500 gency of getting to shore before the next cfs on Saturdays, but a decided change drop, but whether the victim was in any from 400 cfs typical on Sundays (1 100 condition to do so or expired in the cfs average for 673 square miles). A group succeeding rapid is not known. (The of four men, using a medium-sized raft second rapid is a straightforward drop of and canoe paddles, started from the 7 feet in a distance of 50 feet, actually put-in at California's gold-discovery site less turbulent at the higher flows). at Coloma, accompanied by two others in Additional Comment: While pondering an inflatable kayak. Only one member of the possible attitudes that have led to so the group (not the victim) had been on many drownings, I was shocked by some the river before. He had heard about the movies circa 1964 showing me and my river from friends and had made four contemporaries running the American runs, one on the previous weekend when and more difficult rivers without life the water was not quite as high. jackets, many of us without helmets. The first 5 miles is a popular begin- That we survived establishes the value of ners' run (class I1 at normal flows). In this back-up procedures, some of which are reach one of the inflatable kayakers unavailable to or ignored by people with broke a paddle, and the group put to inflatables: the Eskimo roll, self rescue, shore. The kayak team packed up their team rescue by fast and manueverable gear, inadvertently taking away three life kayaks, progressive experience in swim- jackets between the two of them. This ming rapids, and the statistical nature of was discovered with some concern. One the sport (luck). member volunteered to leave, but the victim-to-be, an experienced small-boat ANALYSIS sailor, insisted that he would not need a One significance of this study is that it life vest and gave lus to one of the other is probably the first comprehensive col- members. lection of data for an area or season that The raft group resumed their trip confirms what experienced boaters al- down the river, this time heading into a ready know about high water, cold water, 10-mile, class III+ canyon run known as reversals, and being trapped against snags the "Folsom Gorge." At the mid-point or boulders. Even California accidents are the raft upset in Satan's Cesspool, a too small a statistical sample to assign 5-foot plunge into cross currents. One of proper emphasis to some of these dangers the survivors saw the victim swimming a (not that knowing that a fallen tree is a short distance behind the raft, but mo- more common hazard is of any value to ments later the raft and survivors drifted the boater going down a river toward a into the next rapid and no one saw the weir). The surprising revelation (for me, victim again. at least) was the matter of flotation vests. Source: Accounts by survivors, and Wearing of a flotation vest is so routine our own run, about two hours behind the among club boaters that the lack of one ill-fated group. does not come to mind in recounting the Comments: Familiarity with the river, hazards to an outsider.

American WHITEWATER Lacking in this study is an analysis in apparently has had a number of years terms of exposure to the hazards. The without fatalities. Considering the large number of people engaged in the sport is number of inexperienced canoeists that at best a guess. While the number of meet with snags and junk in the stream, fatalities on easy rivers roughly matches that there have been so few fatalities is those in white water, the number of generally regarded by serious canoeists as accident-free canoeists may be far greater proof of miracles.) than the number of white-water floaters. It is reasonable to assume that the Then there are the well-known, fvted dramatic rise in fatalities in 1973 was due hazards, such as a weir or wooden bridge, to the rise in popularity of river running that seem to take lives regularly and some- during the past several years masked by what independently of traffic. It is inter- the low flows in 1972. The 1974 snow esting, however, that by far the most pack was about 20% above normal. The heavily traveled rivers in the state, the rainy season has been free of fatalities Russian and the Stanislaus, account for (because of the warnings in last year's no more than the one or two drownings local headlines?), but otherwise 1974 is per year that occur at random on any one shaping up as a carbon copy of 1973. of the less-frequented streams. (The Rus- There were at least 11 raft drownings as sian has always been heavily traveled, but of May 31, including 2 in reversals and

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VOL. XIXI5 one canoe passenger held by current drown as certainly but less glamorously in against a fallen tree. In addition, a mother both lakes and rivers, to join the still and infant son were sucked into a canal larger statistics to which we have become siphon, reportedly while using a raft. accustomed on holiday weekends. After the 1974 Memorial Day week- There is now a suggestion of restrictive end, newspapers carried banner headlines legislation in the air. Being overlooked is about the 23 statewide drownings and 9 the right of an individual to choose an Kern River drownings. One sports writer activity that has an element of danger, had caption and copy that suggested to possibly chosen for that very reason, and the less-than-careful reader that this was wherein the only danger is to that individ- largely due to river running, particularly ual. This is being confused with the need as exemplified on the Kern. He deplored to protect the public from complex prod- the contribution of river runners to the ucts and the actions of other people in otherwise declining accident record of activities (such as motorboating) that are "California's half-million responsible presumed to be safe. Indeed, in California (small-craft) owner skippers." (Actually, each year 300 to 400 motorboats crash the state's weekend drowning total ex- into one another in spite of such legi- ceeded 32, only 6 of which involved river slation. running.) The numerous problems on the In round numbers, registered Kern were attributable to the influx of (75% motorboats, 25% sailboats over 8 20,000 people along a 20-mile stretch of feet) kill 100 Californians every year. the upper river (a white-water stream at Inflatables add 20 to that figure, but 2800 cfs that weekend - nearing a nor- could just as well be considered part of mal May peak). People took to the river over 100 miscellaneous "recreational" to escape the heat, some of them un- drownings (there are also 450 "unspeci- doubtedly taking with them tubes, air fied" drownings). This amounts to 1 mattresses, or rafts. Two people were death per 5,000 registered boats, com- seen thrown into the rapids from a tub or pared to 1 death per 15,000 participants raft and are believed to have drowned*; on the Russian or Stanislaus. Multiplying the other fatalities were swimmers or the rate by the total that drowned would waders. How this relates to serious river indicate that as many people are using running or small-craft statistics has little inner tubes, rafts, and canoes as own more to do with anything than whether motorboats. While the calculation is or not the victim happened to have a questionable, the product is not alto- paddle in his hand. In the one case, he is a gether unreasonable. What is unreason- small-craft statistic, the concern of a state able is that these deaths seem concen- agency legally charged with responsibility trated in that group of casual boaters, and in that area. In the other case he or she is the rest of us know when and how they forgotten, along with the larger number will occur and how they can be pre- of swimmers, waders, and fishermen that vented.

*This is an example of drownings that may HAUTHAWAY KAYAKS never become offcial statistics. The raft has not 640 Boston Post Rd. been found, bodies may never be recovered, Weston, MA 021 93 and two other bodies were positively sighted in Slalom, Downriver, Touring and Junior Models the Kern, and no one has been reported missing Surf Kayak, Lightweight Canoes (a problem when a number of lone transients Paddles Spray Covers Life Vests Floatation hitch rides into the area). American WHITEWATER "By gar, Pierre, we have to lighten the load to save our lives! Help me drink the wine so we can throw out the barrel!"

PLEASE ENCLOSE A STAMPED, SELF-ADDRESSED ENVELOPE. . . When writing to authors, affiliate clubs addressed envelope. Why should the folks and other non-business sources of infor- who answer your questions pay for the mation whose addresses are in this Jour- privilege? Besides, they will be more nal, please enclose a stamped, self- likely to answer you promptly. THANKS.

VOL. XIXI5 1 63 TRY THIS Boraxo seems to be a better way to clean resin off hands or brushes as it Recently I started using a different set breaks it down, unlike acetone which just of tie-downs that your readers might like. thins it. They are of 2" strips of truck inner tube After a while any brush that has been joined by barrel loop to form a rubber only poorly cleaned will harden. This can chain. Results: lots of stretch and adjust- often be cured by flexing the hairs (even ment. The rubber clings to boats so that with a hammer if necessary) and then they don't move and there are no more cleaning with a large motor-driven coarse little metal hooks to let go or rip off bits wire brush. You lose surprisingly little of flesh. AND IT'S FREE. hair and anyway at that stage there's no risk. P.S. We still have lots of under-paddled rivers (grade 1-5) in B.C. Come and see. (Submitted by Ben Lemke.)

Readers' contributions are solicited for this colzrmn. Se,zd to Try This Editor. Michoel W. hlutek, 446 E. 3rd South, Apt. B-2. Salt Lake CLASSIFIED City, UT 841 11. CLASSIFIED AD RATES: 30c per word. Send to AWA Editor, Iris Sindelar, 264 East Side Dr.. The Perfect $5.00 Gift Concord. NH 03301. CANOE & KAYAK PADDLES - Handmade wooden slalom paddles by Keith Backlund. formerly craftsman with Dagger. Write for free information: WOOD-LYTE PADDLE CO., Rte. 1 Box 409, Boalsburg, PA 16827. (814) 466-7486. CANOE INSTRUCTORS REQUIRED IN Eng- land (kayak) and France () for short/ long periods March-September. Details and Appl. form from Christopher Greene, P.G. L. Adventure Ltd.. Station St., Ross-on Wye. Herefordshire, Great Britain. SPRAY SKIRTS - 1/8" neoprendnylon back -$21 pp. Colors: blue, orange, black. Send 6 issues of waist size and colors. WHITEWATER WEST. American Whitewater 1975 727 S. 33rd. Richmond. CA 94804. NUMBERED RACING BIBS - Souvenir type PLUS (in time for Christmas): or reusable. Name imprinted or plain num- Gift Notification Card bered in stock. Start & Finish Banners. Cata- logue. RELIABLE RACING SUPPLY. 253 Bay NOV/DEC 1974 American Whitewater Rd.. Glens Falls. NY (518) 793-5677. AWA Safety Code FLOAT BAGS - Split bags: K-l $16. C-l $1 5. C-2 $21 postpaid. 15 mil reinforced vinvl. WE MUST RECEIVE YOUR ORDER Add $1.50 for reinforced transparent vinyl BY DEC. 2 bags. WHITEWATER WEST. 727 S. 33rd. Richmond. CA 94804. American Whitewater WHITEWATER COACHING MANUAL - by P. 0. Box 32 1 Jay Evans. U. S. Olympic Coach. $5 201 Mc- Concord, NH 0330 1 Nutt Hanover, N. H. 03755.

American WHITEWATER Dave Kurtz at West River, Jamaica, Vt. Photo by Stowe Photo.

cation, however, is needed at many points RACING TIPS of a slalom race. This coltrmn, a rcyulclr ,fPature of American A group of offset gates can be most Whitewater, is designed to help the novice racer fully described as a series of three down- develop hettrr. trchniqurs. Each "TIPS" coltrmn stream gates with the first and third being ~ill,ti~crttrrrrl sprcific slalom or downriver racing on one side of the stream and the second skill. Plrcrse send questions or sitrrations you'd likr discussrd to: on the other side. The prescribed path- way takes the form of an S shaped curve. Rau Gabler, AWA Racing Editor This kind of sequence is usually placed in 151 Jen~enCircle a calm stretch of the slalom course to W. Springfield, NA 01089 keep the line of gates continuous, and to add interest to an otherwise lackluster OFFSET GATE TECHNIQUES situation. When the gates are properly set, good By Dave Kurtz paddlers are able to paddle directly through each gate. However, less ex- Eddy turns, ferries, and reverse perienced paddlers will use one or more motion: these are the basic maneuvers backferries to complete the maneuver. that the slalom boater uses. Not to be left Back ferrying is slower and actually puts out from this list of skills is the offset one in a bad position for the next gate gate technique. This technique is of great from the standpoint of momentum. The importance, but many paddlers do not technique for kayak is balanced and sym- know it as a specific technique. Its appli- metrical; that for canoes is unbalanced

VOL. XIXI5 Ufis.. "L,...4 4L- -+..-I.,... 4- llUW dUUUL LllG >LIUhGS LU -iiC;-complish this? There are three important strokes, two before the gate and one a:fter. The first is a sweep on the outside, th le second is a draw on the inside, and th~e third is Imaginary line dOu+side another sweep or forward strc~ke. The pole first sweep actually changes the direction of the boat well before the gate. The \ 1 draw is initiated in the bow and 1gradually I L I \ I moves all the way to the stern. 7The draw \ \ I io halrl lnnn ann~~nhtn ollnxx, tho Lo uvlu vLlvugll LV LU~VW LLL~stern to \ \I 'r clear the pole before the third and final DIAGRArl 1 : Kayak stroke is started. If the outside pole is to Turns in OfPset gate J be ducked," the second stroke or draw is 'rJ. cut short and followed quickly by the / / duck-under sweep stroke. This duck- / and depends on the side(s) of the boat under sweep stroke is a quarter sweep paddled and the handedness of the turn. done in the stern on the outside such that To describe the technique, the pathway water is scooped up (boat pushed down). for the boat will first be shown, then That is really all there is to an offset later, the actual strokes. the pathway can maneuver: a three stroke technique where be thought of in terms of the movement the turn is completed before the gate. of the center of the boat, and in terms of When properly done in a well designed the direction of the boat. course, there is no need to back ferry between gates. Timing and execution are The Kayak Offset Technique both important and they both take lots The pathway of the middle of the of training. Practice on smooth channel boat, essentially the pathway of the flow before expecting it to work well in a paddler himself, is one of making the big race. turn, or change of direction, before pass- ing the gate (see Diagram 1). The outside The Canoe Offset Technique of the boat just touches an imaginary line Because of the unsymmetrical nature directly upstream from the outer pole. of canoe paddling, the offset technique is Attention is then given to the inside of somewhat different from that of the the boat such that the edge of the boat kayak. For this discussion, let's imagine a just misses the inside pole. As the kayaker C-1 competitor paddling on the right passes through the gate, he is already hand side. The movement of the boat for heading toward the next gate on the turns to the right is the same as for a opposite shore. Observing the direction of kayak. The turn is completed before the the whole boat, we see that at a point up gate. The stroke for the right turn is to a full boat length upstream from the simply a draw. Initiated in the bow, it first gate, the boat is heading directly continues all the way to the stern. For- towards the gate. Its outside edge is also in line with an imaginary line drawn *refers to the technique of intentionally duck- upstream from the outside pole. Then, as ing the end of the boat under the pole - a recent addition to slalom racing made more the boat nears the first gate, it turns practical by the new slalom boats with low towards the second gate. volume ends - Ed

American WH ITEWATER '\ \ around the gate in a semi-circular pattern. On the other side of the gate, the bow Draw turn continues the draw with a very strong gate bePore forward attack, pulling the whole boat through. The stern starts with a sweep. When the outside is on the imaginary line upstream from the outside pole, the stern stops the turn with a pry, and quickly chugs* forward ending each stroke with a sharp, quick pry. The stern may need 1-2 strokes to get up to the gate. At this point he prys through, being careful to miss the outside pole with the stern tip. For left turns, the paddlers chug for- ward through the gate until the bow is just past the gate. At this point the boat is at an angle in the gate headed away ward motion is also developed during this from the next gate. The bow puts in a stroke. Recovery is done in-water and is sharp pry and when the turn is com- followed by a combination draw and forward stroke. At the next gate, for a pleted, moves to short forward strokes, left turn, however, the turn is vastly *Chugging is very strong, quick and short paddle stroking.

different (see Diagram 2). In this case the -- turn is done exactly in the gate itself. It is hopefully, a rather sharp turn. The strok- ing for the left turn is such that the key USISCA stroke is made when the boat is in the 1974 gate. While still heading away from the I desire to support the United next gate, a pry is placed just forward of States Slalom and Wildwater the paddler and the boat should turn Canoe Team. sharply in the gate. The paddle recovery is quick, and the following stroke is really Name (pr~n:) straight ahead. For C-1, the entire turn is Address one stroke, a pry. For doubles, the movement is similar Date --- to that for a C-1. Let us suppose the C-2 team is paddling bow right and stern left. Type of Membership: $100 Sponsoring Gates where right turns are required are 50 Supporting - done as right-handed C- 1 paddlers would 25 Contributing do them. Turn before the gate. Left turn 10 Associa:e gates are executed in the gate as with left 5 Paddling turns for C-1 paddlers who paddle on the Am~untenclosed $ right side. Amwnt pledged $ The stroking for the right turn gate is USISCA State College, PA 16801 as follows: At the point well above the Box 921 gate, where the turn is started, the bow Contributors will receive a decal. draws and continues to draw up to the U. S. Income Tax Deductible. gate. The bow recovers in water sharply VOL. XIXI5 possibly leaning out of the boat. When WILDWATER DESIGNS the bow places his pry, the stern executes C/O WALBRIDGE; PENLLYN, PA. a pushaway (reverse sweep). Just before FOR 1974: 19422 the completion of the turn, the stern -NEOPRENE SPRAYSKIRT Kl T 14.* switches quickly to a draw so as to stop .WET SUIT VEST KIT 14.2 the momentum of the stern preventing a .GLOVE AND BOOTIE K1T 8.= hit of the outside pole. This must be a 118" NEOPRENE, NYLON BACKED strong stroke. As the stern person slides -LIFE VEST KIT: W/ PVC FOAM 16" the paddle around the left pole, he (RED 18-26 LBS. FLOAT) BOATBUILDER'S MANUAL ~,,d. 3- continues to paddle forward to the next ADD % POSTAGE. CATALOGUE:.25 gate. Here again, as in the kayak maneuver, the technique requires precise timing. The need for much practice on smooth chan- nel flow is quite evident.

WHITEWATER WEST 727 S. 33rd Richmond, CA 94804

3%' " $6.25 ea. Slalom and Totiring Kayaks 5' " $7.75 ea. CANOE C-1 $7.75 ea. K-2s * C-1s * Open Canoes C-1 Bag is 4 K' long. C-2c $9.50 ea. Glass Canoe and Kayak Paddles All C-2c is a 5' long center bag. I ,,,, Can be used in open canoe post~ NEOPRENE SKIRT Paid Lined 118" nitrogen blown domestic material. Taped and sewn seams. $23.50 ea. Indicate make and model of kayak or canoe. Send pattern if in doubt of size or style. 6% Sales Tax for Pa. Residents We specialize in kayaks and canoes for: DAUBER CANOE & KAYAK FAMILY BOATING e AND P. 0. Box 59-W HUNTING 0 WILDERNESS TRIPS Washington Crossing, Pa. 18977 WHITEWATER TOURING 0 WHITEWATER COMPETITION 0 WHITEWATER PHOTO POSTERS We are the exclusive U.S. manufacturer of top notch slalom boats designed by Paul Hahn, West Germany. Hahn boats Look for Stowe Photos in this issue and in the won one Bronze and two Silver Medals at the 1972 Olympics. Autumn, 1973 AWA Journal. Then order your favorites, specifying issue no., page no. and Complete line of accessories like Kober paddles, Harishok life vests, flotation photo caption. Postpaid, no C. 0. D.'s. bags, spray skirts, etc. 20 x 30 Poster $18.00 ea. Write for free 1974 brochure...... 20~24Poster...... 15.00ea. Dealer inquiries invited. 16x20...... 11.00ea.

For more information 11 x14...... 8.00ea. on our competition 8x10...... 5.00ea. boats. touring boars and top accerrorier like paddle jackets. spray skirts, car racks. STOWE PHOTO Btc. write for free cata- log. Dealer inquiries MOUNTAIN ROAD invited. STOWE, VT 05672

American WHITEWATER DIG! Sorry, folks, don't know who this grim visage and hairy forearm belong to. . . Photo by Stowe Photo. 1974 RACE RESULTS COLORADO RACES POUDRE DOWNRIVER, JUNE 1 SNOWMASS DOWNRIVER, JUNE 22 1. Nat Cooper 1. Dave Nutt 2. Brian Fitzpatrick 2. Billy Nutt 3. Tom Ruwitch 3. Bill Stanley 4. Ron Mason 5. Mark Macon POUDRE SLALOM, JUNE 2 SNOWMASS SLALOM, JUNE 23 1. Ron Mason 1. Sandy Campbell 2. Tom Ruwitch 2. Ron Mason 3. Brian Fitzpatrick 3. John Holland 4. Nat Cooper 4. Billy Nutt 5. Mark Mason 5. Steve Ruhle

SALIDA DOWNRIVER, JUNE 16 COLO CUP DOWNRIVER, JUNE 29 I. Gunter Hemmershach 1. Dave Nutt 2. Art Vitarelli 2. Billy Nutt 3. Tom Ruwitch 3. Bill Stanley 4. Johnny Evans 4. Tom Ruwitch 5. Nat Cooper 5. Nat Cooper

SALIDA SLALOM, JUNE 15 COLO CUP SLALOM: K1 SR I. Ron Mason 1. John Holland 2. Tom Johnson 2. Billy Nutt 3. Mike Jones 3. Nat Cooper 4. Brian Fitzpatrick 4. Ron Mason 5. Stcve Ruhle 5. Dave Nutt VOL. XIXI5 1 69 COLO CUP SLALOM: K1 W 1974 U.S. NATIONAL KAYAK 1. Candi Clark SLALOM 2. Linda Harrison 3. Carol Fisher 4. Bonnie Losick CHAMPIONSHIP RESULTS 5. Mary Hesslgrave Arkansas R.. Buena Vista. CO., Julv-- 13-14 30-gate course, 9000 cfs. COLO CUP SLALOM: K1 JR 1. Steve Kohler 2. Tom Vosburg 1. Eric Evans (NH) 3. Hans Hoefnagel 2. Bill Nutt (NH) 1. Mark Mason 3. Ron Mason (CO) 5. Matt Eland 4. Peter Wilson (NH) 5. John Holland (CA) K1W 1. Candi Clark (CA) COLO CUP SLALOM: C1 2. Jean Campbell (VT) I. Chip Queitzsch 3. Carol Fisher (IL) !. Rodney Flynn 4. Linda Harrison (PA) 3. Drew Hunter 5. Cindi Goodwin (VA) I. John Lugbill 5. A1 Eland KIJ 1. Dan Isbister 2. Eric Furrer 3. Bill Cardoza 4. Mike Terry COLO CUP SLALOM: C2M 5. John Sessler I. G. Lhota & R. Dentremont 1. KIM !. R. Lugbill & Lugbill 1. Bill Clark 3. M. Garvis & S. Garvis 2. Tom Johnson 3. Manfred Parker 4. Dave Kurtz COLO CUP SLALOM: TEAMS 5. Monte Smith 1. Bill Nutt, Dave Nutt & Steve Ruhle 2. Nat Cooper, Mark Mason & Bill Clark 3. Candi Clark, Linda Harrison & Cardi Fisher 4. Tom Ruwitch, Brian Fitzpatrick & Ron Mason 5. Sandy Campbell, Chris Wilson & Peter Wilson

RACING PROGRAM Contains complete race schedule as well as paddler rankings cnd information ATLANTIC DIVISION about whitewater racing, races, racers SLALOM CHAMPIONSHIPS and rivers. Esopus R., Phoenicia, NY,June 1-2 $1.50 + .35 postage Bulk orders of 25 or more may be ob- K-l tained at $1.25 each postpaid. 1. Fred Hesselgrave Quantities may be obtained on consign- 2. (?) 3. Will Siegfried ment for sale at races and club events; distributors may keep 25 $ per program C-l for their club or individuals. Help is re- 1. Ed Bliss quested at the local level for distribution. 2. Richard Church 3. Warren Yeisley Also available: colorful US. Whitewater Team posters at 1.50 each + .35 postage. K-IW Profits on the above items go to support 1. Mary Hesselgrave the development of the U.S. National 2. Audrey Alexander 3. Joan Mclntyre Whitewater Teams, slalom and wildwater. C-2M Order from: FRED YOUNG I. Yeisley/Yeisley P. 0. Box 246, Roscoe, IL 61 073 2. Hesselgrave/Hesselgrave 3. Stemmler/Thornas

American WHITEWATER 1974 U.S. NATIONAL KAYAK TRIBUTE WILDWATER CHAMPIONSHIP RESULTS Those of us who know the small, steep Arkansas R., Buena Vista, CO, July 6-7 streams of the Cumberland Plateau were 5-mile course. shocked and saddened this s~rinn. -.bv the 1. Dave Nutt death of Martin Begun, who took his own 2. Bill Nutt 3. Tom Ruwitch life on March 26, 1974. Martin was a 4. Bill Stanley boater of unusual courage and skill. While 5. John Holland a quiet person, he seldom carried a drop.

1. Carol Fisher He was a part of many of the exploratory 2. Candi Clark runs on what is considered to be some of 3. Linda Seaman 4. Mary Hesselgrave the most technically demanding white water in the East. Although best known 1. Ron Pardee as a cruiser, he was also ranked number 2. Hans Hoefnagel 3. Steve Kohler one in C-1 Wildwater for 1973. While none 4. Bill Cardoza 5. Tom Vosburg who knew him can ever understand why he chose to end his life, we all know that

1. Charles Steed we have lost a addler upon whose 2. Fred Young strength and friend Piness we came to rely. 3. Robert Schuetrler 4. Steve Parsons His spirit remains in the rivers he paddled and loved so well, and in the hearts of 1. G. Lhota/C. Queitzsch 29:26:24 those who knew him. 2. S. Feldman/M. Smith 29:49:20 C. C. W.

11 American Whitewater (AWA) Offers You ... AWA Shoulder Patches ...... $1 .OO each AWA Decals ...... 3 for $1.OO Vol. 18, 4 issues of 1973 ...... $3.00 /I AWA Tells You How ... 1 Touring Western Whitewater, by Margie Arighi i (reprint from Vol. 15, #3)...... 75' ea. Make a watertight kayak spray cover (reprint from Vol. 15, #4)...... 50' ea. Escape from dangerous reversals, souse or suck holes.... Vol. 16, #1 Ride ocean surf in a slalom kayak ...... Vol. 16, #2 Build a fibreglass kayak paddle...... I.16,#3 Built-in flotation for open canoes...... Vol. 18 # 1 A glove pattern ...... Vol. 18, # 1 Wetsuit spray cover for C-I or C-2 whitewater canoes . Vol. 18, # 1 Individual issues, $1.00,specify Volume and issue Number OR get thiscomplete AWA HOW-TO-DO-IT #2, LIBRARY for $4.00 Please mail your check to: American Whitewater Box 1584, San Bruno, CA 94066 THE WAYS OF floats high is much easier to land than WHITE WATER - I1 is the deep one.) "THIRD-HAND" THEME Tandem rescue boats have a slight ad- vantage over the solo boats in that one of the paddlers (usually the stern-man) by O.K. Goodwin, can grasp the end of the swamped boat AWA Safety Chairman while his partner paddles for shore. Without special equipment, the rescuer Everybody knows that in a boating in a C-1 or in a Kayak needs three accident you rescue people first, boats hands - one for the loose boat and two and equipment later. Sometimes this for his paddle. Without the extra hand, happens simultaneously but on occa- he can only use his boat to nudge the sion, while the swimmer is being res- drifting derelict along. cued, his boat goes on down the river - In Figure 1, the rescue boat is ~hown to almost certain destruction - unless a outfitted with a special tow-line that quick salvage effort is mounted. serves as the third hand. This rig is Heaving lines and reach poles are use- similar to one designed by Frank Daspit less in this situation. a tethered-swim- of the Canoe Cruisers Association in mer would be quick and sure (if one is Washington, D.C., which Frank has available), but it is more frequently the used effectively at slalom races. It personnel in rescue boats who bring in would be equally useful in any boat- the derelict. Any who have tried it know rescue effort. that it is quite difficult to coax a The tow-line consists of a len<@hof rope swamped boat from the river current with a large, easy-to-handle, snap-hook into a sympathetic eddy. (These are the secured at one end. It should be about people who most appreciate a boat 10' long to allow 3-4 feet of space be- with maximum flotation; a boat that tween towing boat and derelict. To rig

American WHITEWATER thison the boat requires only two things: 1. A secure loop attached permanently to the boat to which the bitter end of the tow line can be tied (Detail A). 2. A length of shock cord to hold the small, flat coil of line and snap-hook (Detail B). Both of these must be within easy reach of the paddler. The tow-line should not be threaded through the grab loop (or any other guide) at the stern of the towing craft. The type of paddle stroke to use: Doing so seems desirable at first glance Long, powerful strokes ahead of but when towing a load from this point the paddler, preferably on the (stern) the attitude or direction of the downstream side of the boat, in- towing boat is difficult to control. stead of the short, racing, "chop" To use this tow-line, the rescuer paddles stroke. to the derelict, reaches back to grasp Help at the shoreline is desirable. the snap-hook, frees it, quickly attaches Awareness of the proximity of down- it to the end of the derelict and lets go. stream hazards is imperative. With his hands free, he can then strike The slip-hitch (Detail A) may have a out for shore. tendency to bind as the bight of the line In the event the rescuer cannot reach emerges from the loop. As an alterna- shore quickly and finds that he is drift- tive, Frank suggests a new model snap ing downstream into a dangerous situ- shackle available at most sailboat hard- ation, he may need to be free of the boat ware stores. This shackle (Detail C) is he is towing. To release this tow-line he released by tugging the lanyard at- simply gives a sharp tug on the free end tached to the release pin. (An older of the (modified) slip-hitch (Shown in model was faulty in that the end of the Detail A). shackle still "hooked" after release.) A derelict lying low in the water exerts Anyone who might be inclined to try a very strong pull on the tow-line. This this tow-line salvage should be aware causes the tow-line to angle downward that securing their boat to a derelict in from the deck of the towing boat and any way can be dangerous. In the more this in itself restricts the maneuver- difficult water it is imperative that he be ing of the towing boat. With practice, able to release the line quickly if neces- the paddler will learn that to move the sary. Frank considers this so important stern of his boat under this line from that he now holds the free-end of his one side of it to the other, will require tow-line in his teeth. This has resulted slacking the line and flipping it over the in some head snapping, but he hasn't stern by hand. lost any teeth, so far. Practice will teach manv things: One last point - in boat salvage efforts Speed in approach and in attaching the idea is to get the job done with the the tow-line is important. least difficultv. There are occasions The attitude of the towing vessel in when the watt&, although fast, is shal- the current is very important. low. A different approach is suggested The direction that the rescuer should for this. Jump out (literally) of your boat take after the hook-up is and vou have two free hands for the two important. boats.

VOL. XIXI5 BOOK REVIEWS of the vagaries and critical importance of flow. Even when such books give the WEST COAST RIVER TOURING, by typical season, the reader has a good Dick Schwind. Touchstone Press, Beaver- chance of arriving at a river that is dry or ton, Oregon, 1974. 224 pp, $5.95 dangerously high. The coastal streams, in particular, pre- This is not merely the first authentic sent a problem in seasonal flow that often guide book to California's coastal rivers, cannot be expressed in calendar dates. it is the culmination of one person's Into a dozen pages that belie the work, determination to systematically explore Schwind has packed an original study of every boatable stream from Oregon's stream flow, and that alone is well worth Rogue River 500 miles south to the the price of the book. Graphs and tables Nacimiento River near Paso Robles, in- enable the reader to correlate rainfall at cluding those rivers flowing east from the principal towns with the flows that can Coast Range into California's Central be expected and the number of days it Valley. The book details 174 runs on 43 will take for those flows to decline to streams covering 1700 miles of water- reasonable river-running levels (this may ways - an incredible accomplishment! not be applicable to other regions unless This represents five years of averaging the climate, vegetation, and soil are simi- 200 miles of driving on Friday nights lar, but the methodology is of interest). during the season, kayaking as many The wild and dangerous fluctuations of a miles of river as possible, and returning to typical stream where precipitation can spend week nights writing up notes and alternate between rain and snow are preparing for the next weekend. For the illustrated with hydrographs (flow versus author's wife, Jan, it meant many week- time) showing the striking disimilarity ends camping in the rain, paddling C-2, or between two consecutive boating seasons. driving shuttle, to say the least. A table lists many of the Spring-runoff It is the author's conviction that each (snow-melt) streams and the earliest, aver- river had to be run personally, specifically age, and latest dates on whch optimum with the intent of writing a guide book flows have occurred over a six-year peri- description, in order to guarantee accu- od. Hydrographs for a dozen dam-con- racy, reliability, and a consistency in the trolled rivers show their yearly flow ratings of difficulty and scenic beauty. patterns and reveal a curious uniqueness The data at the head of each description to each of the programmed releases. not only give the standard information on The information and research in this the length and difficulty of the trip, but book would be a steal at fifteen dollars. It the flow in cubic feet per second on is available in soft cover, with top quality which the difficulty is based, date of the paper, printing, photo reproductions, and author's run, an estimated optimum flow, maps, at $5.95. notes on the suitability of the run for - reviewed by Carl Trost rafts and open canoes, and the type of RENEW BY DECEMBER 31! seasonal flow (dam-controlled, snow- melt, rain-fed). This is in sharp contrast If your address is correct on the mail- to several books by professional writers ing label, just send it and your check to: and would-be river runners that have WHITEWATER relied on second-hand river information P. 0.Box 321 and have only a superficial understanding Concord, N.H. 03301

American WHITEWATER WILD RIVERS OF NORTH AMER- the reader is exhorted to consult them. ICA, by Michael Jenkinson. Photog- There is also a fine bibliography for raphy by Karl Kernberger. E. P. Dutton additional reading on the principal & Company, Inc., , 1973. rivers in the main text. $12.95,413 pp. How good is the book as a river Don't wince at the title and the usual guide? This would take a committee to blurb on the jacket ("First, it is a guide guarantee. Boaters with several years of to. . . running our magnificent rivers by experience within a region are always canoe, kayak, or raft"). First, it is a fas- concerned as to how to explain the va- cinating account of nine classic water- garies of seasonal flow and how to es- ways and river systems - their histo- tablish the difficulties of each river in ries, legends, tall tales, headwaters, proper relation to the others. The guide early , indian wars, river notes in the main text seem surprisingly characters, wildlife, and scenery - 300 good in this respect, yet the limitations pages, with quality reproduction of the of a one-time-adventurer/researcher'do photographs. Some accounts give de- at times show through. Admittedly, tails on the rapids, each concludes with this is an almost impossible problem for a page of guide notes: location, access such a broad scope and general reader- points, length, difficulty, season. The ship. For example, a warning of the author has canoed at least part of the "dangerous drops" for "experts" on the Buffalo (in Arkansas), Suwanee, and Rogue is not exactly amiss. However, the boundary lakes of , out- the four-thousand "experts" that some- boarded the Yukon, and run a small how get themselves flushed down the raft down the Big Bend country of the Rogue (mostly class 111) each year could Rio Grande. He apparently was a raft be in for quite a surprise on the other passenger on the Rogue, Main and Mid expert runs. When the book substi- Salmon, Lodore and Grand Canyons, tutes a "favorable season" of late May and (I would guess) at the very least he and most of June for Bill Winn's 850 to took extensive notes from his raft crews 1000 cfs (The Animas of the Colorado, about the Gunnison, Westwater, Do- AWW, Spring, 1968) how many readers lores, Canyonlands, and Cataract. will grasp the significance of "80 feet to There is an interesting account of the the mile" and that there may be a criti- Tarahumara Indians and how the au- cal range of snow melt whose occur- thor and friends, a camera crew, and rence can vary by more weeks than it is Indian porters packed into a spectacu- long? The 106 secondary descriptions lar canyon of the Sierra Madre and ran, inherently can be no better in vital in- lined, and portaged the boulder fields formation and selection than the exist- of the Rio Urique with inflatable kay- ing literature available for a given area. aks while the porters carried their gear The author's work apparently pre- along the shallows and bars. dates the quota and advance reserva- Then there are 60 pages describing tion systems now being imposed on 106 river runs from Alaska to Central many classic western rivers, so take America. This required a lot of pain- note. staking research of agencies, guide- Chapter one, "River Running," looks books, outdoor magazines, and the like a publisher's afterthought. It con- back issues of AWW. There are no pre- sists of nine pages, mostly on camping tenses - a listing of these sources, state and equipment (fine for the commercial by state, is given in an appendix, and raft passenger), but the novice that VOL. XIX/5 needs this kind of advice finds little about the hazards of river running than the nonsense about being in a "great Lhu~lly to tk0~ deal more danger" while driving to the 1, / ( too timid to beat river. Wild Rivers of is good reading and a tantalizing introduction to what the other regions of our conti- nent have to offer. It is a quick and easy way to the lore that will enrich your river vacation. It is a valuable reference book and list of sources. And that is ex- actly what I believe the author intended it to be. - Carl Trost

~ ~p For Better Service in 1975. . . RENEW BEFORE DEC. 31

send to:

American Whitewater P. 0. Box 321 Concord, N.H. 03301

Now available! I AWA SAFETY CODES (1974 Revision) A guide to safe river boating in canoe, kayak or raft. Prepared and published by the American Whitewater Affiliation. A must for your club, school or business. 100 for $1 0.00, 50 for $5.50' Send self-addressed, stamped envelope for single copy. AWA SAFETY CODE, Box 1584, San Bruno, CA 94066.

I HERE COMES BURT REYNOLDS AGAIN! I *Covers cost of printing and mailing 176 American WH ITEWATE R ARCC: 1973-1974

During its first year of existence ers and streams ARCC (American Rivers Conservation - helped compose the fact reports "Dis- Council) has established an impressive asters in Water Development" and the record of achievements. As Chairman of 95 THESES which tell what the federal ARCC's Board of Directors, I am appeal- agencies are doing to destroy America's ing to all those who love and enjoy rivers rivers to join and support ARCC and help us - sent out timely alerts notifying con- continue these important efforts. cerned citizens of important upcoming Here is a brief list of the highlights of hearings and votes on rivers ARCC's work in 1973 and 1974 river - involved in workshops on river preser- issues: vation in a number of sections of the -helped formulate and then secure the country passage of strengthening amendments to - provided assistance to administrators of the Wild and Scenic Rivers Act. various state scenic river programs - aided in getting bills introduced to have - published a quarterly newsletter deal- several rivers studied for possible inclu- ing with a wide variety of river conserva- sion in the Wild and Scenic Rivers System tion issues. and testified at Congressional hearings in If ARCC is to continue its work, support of this legislation. financial support must increase. If you - carried out the major conservation lob- are not already a member, please com- bying to beat back weakening amend- plete the form below. ARCC members are ments to the flood insurance bill which is to recruit new memberships or to send in now law, and prepared an action guide to a special contribution. help citizens implement this most impor- tant new tool for river protection. Brent Blackwelder - helped in the successful effort to have Chairman, Board of Directors the Chattooga River included as part of ARCC the Wild and Scenic Rivers System. 324 C St. S. E. - made vital input to those working on Washington, DC 20003 land use and strip mining legislation to make sure these bills would provide maxi- mum protection for rivers. - presented testimony to scenic river YES, I want to help protect our remaining field hearings on the Obed, St. Joe, free-flowing rivers. Gasconade, Upper Delaware, Salmon, var- Enclosed is my contribution of: ious Colorado rivers, and the Rio Grande ( ) $5.00 - Student Member - spoke out at annual authorization and ( ) $10.00 - Regular Member appropriations hearings against disastrous ( $25.00, or more - Founding Member water projects of the Corps of Engineers, Name Bureau of Reclamation, and the Soil Address Conservation Service which threaten riv- City State Zip VOL. XIXI5 EDITOR'S SOAP BOX !~~~iN%~

Concord, NH where the printing is now done. George has re- quested relief from this thank- & less task, so from now on Circu- w lation will be handled at this end W while George continues as Mem- bership chairman and Surfing Reporter. He deserves a huge F thanks from all of us for the incredible number of hours he has spent on AWA Circulation. Please don't forget that A- m erican Whitewater is still monthly fast drawing to a close, manned by a VOLUNTEER we have been evaluating the staff and that your support and problems past and present in cooperation are needed now hopes of eliminating them from more than ever. Keep those let- the future. The problem drawing ters, photos, articles and draw- most complaints has been distri- ings coming so we can still offer bution, so solving that is the you the best. Help insure that main goal of our staff at present. AWA Safety Codes are distri- This problem has three facets: buted as widely as possible. 1) We have been working with a Show paddling friends your new printer this year and natu- copy of the latest AWA Journal rally there have been some rough and encourage them to sub- spots to work out in getting scribe, too. And SEND IN CAv~~CLUB onto a regular schedule. We hope YOUR RENEWALS BEFORE that this problem has been taken DECEMBER 31 so we won't care of. 2) We switched this year have to pull your name out of to a computerized mailing ser- the computer list only to reenter vice and were previously too it later on. You will save us complacent about the accuracy valuable time and effort, and of this service. Now we are yourself much exasperation, by aware of the necessity of close renewing promptly. Remember double-checking and are confi- to send renewals to this address: dent that this will be much less AMERICAN of a problem in the future. WHITEWATER JOURNAL 3) Our overburdened Circulation P. 0. Box 321 Manager, George Larsen, has had Concord, NH 03301 to contend with inadequate In the future, renewals and help, sporadic renewals and the new memberships will be ac- fact that the mailing this year knowledged promptly by post- has been done from the other card so that you will know we side of the Continent, i.e. here in received your $5.00. - ILS

American WH ITEWATER AWA Affiliates, continued

NEW YORK MASSACHUSETTS MISSOUR1Ifirrr.l Adirondack Mt. Cluh Hampshire College Outdnnn Ozark Wilderness Srhenectady C%apter Program Waterways Club Bettr Lou Baile? Eric M. l\ans Frank I.ane 6729 Kenwnnd Avc. Sihuvler Ih. Netherlands Village Amhcrst. MA OI(Ml2 Schenectad?. NY 12308 Kamsas City. MO 64131 Hadley Whitewater Lluh Appalachian Mt. Club University of Berkshire Chapter dichard Lange Jnnicr Wolcott Committee 1339 Rowe Rd. 1004 Stny Hill Rd. 212 Read Hall Schenectadr. NY 12309 Columbia. MO 65201 Wilhraham. MA 01095 Ka-Na-Wa-Ke Canoe Club Appalachian Mountain Cluh Arthur Miller Worcester Chapter 407 Beattic Street John Dryden Syracuse. NY 13224 Grafton Kd. Niagara Gorge Kayak Club Millhury. MA01527 MONTANA Doug Hurhnell Foxbnm Canoe Cluh Montana Kayak Cluh 41-1Yh St. Boh Harpin I)olq Ahelin Buffah NY 14213 Foxhoru Co. Box 213 Br:idy. MT 59416 Adirondack Mt. Club Foxhoro. MA 02035 Gencsee Valley Chapter Appalachian Mountain Cluh, Uwq. Smith. Rep. Boston Chapter 7h9 John Glenn Hid. .i Jor St. Weh~tcr.NY 14580 Rrnton. MA 02l08 Gcnesee Down River Paddlers NEW HAMPSHIRE Al Carlin Appalachian Mt. Cluh RD-2 Proctor Rd. N. H. Chapter Wellwillu. NY 148W ?Vayne H. Huff 175St. Anselm's Dr. MICPIGAN Manchester. NH 03102 Raw Strength & Courage Kayakers Franklin Pierce College Outing Cluh Mrs. Jnhn Dice Anthony Rice 2027 Day St. Bx .Uh Franklin Picrce Colleee Ann Arhor. MI 4810-1 Rind,cc. NH0346l Ledyard Canoe Cluh NORTH CAROLINA J;I? Evanc Hanover. NH 0375.5 Camlina Canoe Cluh Tom Erikson Box 90 I Greensboro. NC 27408 MINNESOTA Cascaden Canoe & Kayak Cluh Nantahala Outdmr Cente* Srcnhrn Parsons I'aysm Kennedy NEW JERSEY Star Rt. Bx. 68 White Water ngen Brvcon City. NC 28713 P.O. Box IRO Ocean Port, NJ 07757 Mohawk Canoe Cluh Gerald B. Pidcock. Rep. Johstoun-Wrightstown Rd Johstown. NJ 08041 MISSISSIPPI Appalachian Mt. Cluh Raynu Haystackers New York Chapter Gary C. Thomann Helen Chapman OHIO I1 2 (hsr enor RFD 1 Bx 573 JVavcland. MS 39576 Columbus Council, AYH Princeton. NJ 08.540 Jw Feiertap Kayak and Canoe Cluh 1421 lnplis Ale. of New York Cnlumhus. OH43212 Fd Alurander. Rep. Toledo Area Canoe & Kayak h Winslow Aw. John Ihnn MISSOURI East Bronswick. NJ 08816 5837 Elden St. Sylvania. OH 435M) Arnold Whitewater Assoe. John 1. Schuh, Pres. Keel-Haulers Canoe Cluh 490 Pine Ct. John A. Kohak. Rep. Arnold. MO 63010 I649 Allen Dr. NEW MEXICO Westlake. OH 44145 Meramw River Canoe Cluh Rio Grande River Runners Cuyahoga Canoe Cruising Club Michele McNalley Buck Cullv Chuck A. Tummonds 21M Rayner Rd. 22lOCentral Avr. SE 10465 SR44. Box 'I' Kirkwoad. MO 63122 Alhuqocrque. NM R71M Mantua. OR 44255 Central Missouri State University Alhuquerque Whitewater Cluh Wilderness Adventures Outing Cluh Glenn A. Fowler. Rep. Charles Comer Dr. 0. Hnwksley. Re R04 Warm Sands Dr. S.E. 2-56 Forrer Blvd. Warrenshurp. MO 64&3 Alhuqurrqoe. NM 87123 Davton. OH 4.V19 (Cont. on Back Cover) AWA Affiliates, continued

OREGON WASHINGTON Oregon Kayak & Canoe Club 'Tennessee Valley Canoe Club Box h92 (;en. M. ~arterre Portland. OR. 97205 Box11125 Chattanooga. TN 37401 Carbide Canoe Club The Tacoma Mountaineers Hcrhert Pomcrance Kayak & Canoe Comm. I04 Ulena Lane Roh-~ . Hnmmond~~.~ PENNSYLVANIA Oak Ridge. TN 37830 3512 Crystal S Canoe, Kayak & Craft Tacoma. WA 9&%6 Dooglacc Ettingcr E.Tenn. WW club '01 Wood Street 'Tom Berg. Bx 3074 Whitewater-Northwest Kayak Club Wilkm\hurg. PA 15221 Oak Ride. TN 37830 Box IOXI Spokane. WA 99201 Oil City Canoe Choto Canoe Club Rt. 62 N Rd. 2 Anne Phillips Oil City. PA 16301 381 1 Woodhill PI. WEST VIRGINIA Knoxville. 'TN 37919 Wildwater Expeditions Unlimited 'I'homas Dragan Ru 55 TEXAS Penn State Outing Club Down River Club-Dallas

John R. Sweet P:wI~.~~~~ W.~~~~~~~~ Mc('art\ WISCONSIN 118 S. Buckhout St. 1412 Oak Lea State Collegc. PA IhROl Sierra Club Irrine. TX 750hl John Muir Chanter Texas Explorers Club Jim Senn Boh Rurlcson. Kcp. IO?hl N. Sunnpcrcst Dr. Box 844 Mequon. W153092 Temple. TX 76.541 Kayaks Ltd. Appalachian Trail OuMtters John Wcil 29 S. Main St. 5980 Dnusm Ct. Dovlestown, PA 18901 Grecndale. WI 531 29 Philadelphia Canoe Club Wisconsin Hwfers Outing Club Dr. Ihvid Knight Explorer Post 151 Wisconsin Union Directorate 4900 Ridge Ave. Tom Sloan. Scoutmaster 800 Langdon St. Philadelphia. PA 19128 2008 Bedford Madison. WI 53706 Midland. 7X 79701 Canoe Club R. Charlcs Steed Wolf River Lodge RHODE ISLAND White Lake. WI .C1491 Rhode Island Whitewater Club Rist Bonnefond CANADA 10 Pond St. Wakefield, RI 02879 B.C. Kayak and Canoe Club lhOh W. Broadway Vancouver. B.C.. Canada Federation Quebecoise de VERMONT Canot-Kavak Inr. SOUTH CAROLINA Marlboro College 881 Est. Bool. dc Maisonneuve Camlina WW Canoeing Assoc. Outdoor Program Montreal 132. P. Q. Jerry I.. Paul Mslcwn Moore Canada. H2L L49 3412 Harvard Arc. Marlhorn. V.T 05.214 Columbia. SC 29205 Northern Vermont Canoe Cruisers Savannah River Paddlers Eduin Amidon. Jr. AUSTRALIA Explorer Ship 121 'k Bx 2% lndooroopilly Canoe Club Sea Scout 404 Shelhurne. Box 3h. Indooroopillp. Jim Hill VT 05482 Oueensland. Australia 121 1 Woodhine Rd. Aikcn. SC 29801

VIRGINIA NEW ZEALAND Canoe Cruisers Assoc. John Sessler Gisborne Canoe &Tramping Club, Inc. TENNESSEE 1623 Seneca Ave. Tony Geard McLern. VA 22101 Box 289 Tenn-Turky Lake Gisborne, New Zealand Canoe-Camping Club Blue Ridge C';!lvin Philips, Jr. Kalph 'T Smith. Rep. Palmerston North Canoe Club, Inc. hl2 Shclhy Ave. 81 19 Hill Crcst Dr. Box 1 I26 Nashville. 'TN 37206 Manasas. VA 221 10 Palmerston North. New Zealand Tennessee Scenic Rivers Assoc. Coastal Canoeists, Inc. Box 3104 Tom Frink Nashville. TN 37219 319-65th St. SWlTZERLAND Sewanee Ski & Outing Club Newport News. VA 23h07 Kanu Club Zurich Otto Kosma Hugh Caldwell Explorer Post 999 University of the South 8w8 Zurich Dufour Str. 3 R. Steve Thomas. Jr. Switzerland Sewanee. TN 37375 3509 N. Colonial Dr. Hopewell. VA 23860