MEDICAL SOCIOLOGY Comprehensive Examination Reading List School of Sociology, University of Arizona Revised March 2021
1. Foundations
Bloom, Samuel. 2002. The Word as Scalpel: A History of Medical Sociology. New York: Oxford University Press.
Bury, Michael. 1986. "Social constructionism and the development of medical sociology." Sociology of Health & Illness 8:137-69.
Durkheim, Emile. [1897] 1997. Suicide, translated by J.A. Spaulding and G. Simpson. New York: Free Press.
Fremont, Allen M. and Chloe E. Bird. 1999. Integrating Sociological and Biological Models: An Editorial. Journal of Health and Social Behavior 40:126-129.
Hankin, Janet R. and Eric R. Wright. 2010. "Reflections on Fifty Years of Medical Sociology." Journal of Health and Social Behavior 51(Suppl):S10-14.
Mechanic, David. 1989. "Medical Sociology: Some Tensions among Theory, Method, and Substance." Journal of Health & Social Behavior 30:147-160.
Mechanic, David. 1993. "Social Research in Health and the American Sociopolitical Context: The Changing Fortunes of Medical Sociology." Social Science and Medicine 36:95-102.
Pearlin, Leonard I. 1992. Structure and Meaning in Medical Sociology. Journal of Health and Social Behavior 33: 1-9.
Straus, Robert. 1957. The Nature and Status of Medical Sociology. American Sociological Review, Vol. 22, No. 2. pp. 200-204.
Turner, Bryan S. 1987. Medical Power and Social Knowledge. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
2. Inequality and social pathways to illness
Abramson, Corey M. and Elena Portacolone. 2017. “What Is New with Old? What Old Age Teaches Us about Inequality and Stratification.” Sociology Compass 11(3):e12450.
Adler, Nancy E. and Katherine S. Newman. 2002. “Socioeconomic Disparities In Health: Pathways and Policies.” Health Affairs 21(2):60–76.
Alegria, Margarita, Bernice A. Pescosolido, Sandra Williams, and Glorisa Canino. 2011. "Culture, race/ethnicity and disparities: Fleshing out the socio-cultural framework for health services disparities." Pp. 363-382 in Handbook of the Sociology of Health, Illness, and Healing: A blueprint for the 21st century, edited by B. A. Pescosolido, J. K. Martin, J. D. McLeod, and A. Rogers. New York: Springer.
Beckfield, Jason. 2004. “Does Income Inequality Harm Health? New Cross-National Evidence.” Journal of Health and Social Behavior 45(3):231-248.
Brown, Tony N. 2003. “Critical Race Theory Speaks to the Sociology of Mental Health: Mental Health Problems Produced by Racial Stratification.” Journal of Health and Social Behavior 44(3):292–301.
Carr, D. 2016. “Is Death ‘The Great Equalizer’? The Social Stratification of Death Quality in the United States.” The ANNALS of the American Academy of Political and Social Science 663(1):331–54.
Dubbin, Leslie A., Jamie Suki Chang, and Janet K. Shim. 2013. “Cultural Health Capital and the Interactional Dynamics of Patient-Centered Care.” Social Science & Medicine 93:113– 20.
Ferraro, Kenneth and Jessica A. Kelly-Moore 2003. “Cumulative Disadvantage and Health: Long Term Consequences of Obesity?” American Sociological Review 68:707-729.
Freese, Jeremy and Karen Lutfey. 2011. “Fundamental Causality: Challenges of an Animating Concept for Medical Sociology.” Pp. 67–82 in Handbook of the Sociology of Health, Illness, and Healing: A Blueprint for the 21st Century, Handbooks of Sociology and Social Research, edited by B. A. Pescosolido, J. K. Martin, J. D. McLeod, and A. Rogers. New York: Springer.
Gage-Bouchard, Elizabeth A. 2017. “Culture, Styles of Institutional Interactions, and Inequalities in Healthcare Experiences.” Journal of Health and Social Behavior 58(2):147–165.
Gengler, Amanda M. 2014. “‘I Want You to Save My Kid!’ Illness Management Strategies, Access, and Inequality at an Elite University Research Hospital.” Journal of Health and Social Behavior 55(3):342–359.
Hayward, Mark D., Toni P. Miles, Eileen M. Crimmins, and Yu Yang. 2000. “The Significance of Socioeconomic Status in Explaining the Racial Gap in Chronic Health Conditions.” American Sociological Review 65, 6: 910-930. Klinenberg, Eric. 2002. Heat Wave: A Social Autopsy of Disaster in Chicago. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
Link, B., J. Phelan 1995. “Social Conditions as Fundamental Causes of Disease.” Journal of Health and Social Behavior (Extra Issue): 80-94.
Link, Bruce G., Jo C. Phelan, Richard Miech, and Emily Leckman Westin. 2008. “The Resources That Matter: Fundamental Social Causes of Health Disparities and the Challenge of Intelligence.” Journal of Health and Social Behavior 49(1):72–91.
Lutfey, Karen and Jeremy Freese. 2005. “Toward Some Fundamentals of Fundamental Causality: Socioeconomic Status and Health in the Routine Clinic Visit for Diabetes.” American Journal of Sociology 110:1326–72.
Lutfey Spencer, Karen and Grace, Matthew. 2016. "The Social Foundations of Healthcare Inequality and Treatment Bias." Annual Review of Sociology 42: 14.1-14.20.
Malat, Jennifer. 2001. “Social Distance and Patients’ Rating of Healthcare Providers.” Journal of Health and Social Behavior 42(4):360–372.
Mason, Katherine. 2012. “The Unequal Weight of Discrimination : Gender, Body Size, and Income Inequality.” Social Problems 59(3):411–35.
Mayer, Susan E. and Ankur Sarin. 2005. “Some Mechanisms Linking Economic Inequality and Infant Mortality.” Social Science & Medicine 60(3):439–455.
McLeod, Jane D. and Michael J. Shanahan. 1993. “Poverty, Parenting, and Children’s Mental Health.” American Sociological Review 58(3):351-366.
Miech, Richard, Fred Pampel, Kim Jinyoung, and Richard G. Rogers. 2011. “The Enduring Association between Education and Mortality: The Role of Widening and Narrowing Disparities” American Sociological Review 76(6): 913-934.
Olshansky, S. Jay, Toni Antonucci, Lisa Berkman, Robert H. Binstock, Axel Boersch-Supan, John T. Cacioppo, Bruce a. Carnes, Laura L. Carstensen, Linda P. Fried, Dana P. Goldman, James Jackson, Martin Kohli, John Rother, Yuhui Zheng, and John Rowe. 2012. “Differences in Life Expectancy Due to Race and Educational Differences Are Widening, and Many May Not Catch Up.” Health Affairs 31(8):1803–13.
Pescosolido, Bernice, Brea L. Perry, J. Scott Long, Jack K. Martin, John I. Nurnberger, and Victor Hesselbrock. “Under the influence of genetics: How transdisciplinarity leads us to rethink social pathways to illness.” American Journal of Sociology 114(S1):S171-201. Phelan, Jo C., Bruce G. Link, and Parisa Tehranifar. 2010. “Social Conditions as Fundamental Causes of Health Inequalities: Theory, Evidence, and Policy Implications.” Journal of Health and Social Behavior 51 Suppl:S28-40.
Ross, Catherine E. and John Mirowsky. 2008. “Neighborhood Socioeconomic Status and Health: Context or Composition?” City and Community 7(2):163–79.
Schnittker, Jason, Bernice Pescosolido, & Tom Croghan. 2005. “Are African-Americans Really Less Willing to Use Health Care?” Social Problems 52: 255-271.
Shim, Janet K. 2010. “Cultural Health Capital: A Theoretical Approach to Understanding Health Care Interactions and the Dynamics of Unequal Treatment.” Journal of Health and Social Behavior 51(1):1–15.
Thoits, Peggy A. 2011. “Mechanisms Linking Social Ties and Support to Physical and Mental Health.” Journal of Health and Social Behavior 52: 145-161.
Williams, David R. and Michelle Sternthal. 2010. “Understanding Racial- Ethnic Disparities in Health : Sociological Contributions.” Journal of Health and Social Behavior 51(5):515– 27.
Wilson, Andrea, Kim M. Shuey and Glen H. Elder Jr. 2007. “Cumulative Advantage Processes as Mechanisms of Inequality in Life Course Health” American Journal of Sociology 112(6):1186-1924.
3. Social Organization of Medicine Abbott, Andrew. 1988. The System of Professions: An Essay on the Division of Expert Labor. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
Anspach, Renée R. 1993. Deciding Who Lives: Fateful Choices in the Intensive Care Nursery. Berkeley: University of California Press.
Becker, Howard, Blanche Geer, Everett C. Hughes, and Anselm Strauss. 1961. Boys in White. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
Bosk, C. 1979 (2003) Forgive and Remember. University of Chicago Press, Chicago.
Chiarello, Elizabeth. 2011. "Challenging professional self-regulation: Social movement influence on pharmacy rulemaking in Washington state." Work and Occupations 38, 3: 303-339.
Cicourel, A. 1987. The interpenetration of communicative contexts: Examples from medical encounters. Social Psychology Quarterly. 50: 217-26.
Epstein, Steven. 2007. Inclusion: The Politics of Difference in Medical Research. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. Foucault, Michel. 1973. The Birth of the Clinic: An archaeology of medical perception. New York: Pantheon Books.
Fox, R. 1959. Experiment Perilous: Doctors and Patients facing the unknown. New Brunswick, NJ: Transaction Books.
Freidson, E. 1960. “Client Control and Medical Practice.” American Journal of Sociology, LXV: 374-82.
Freidson, E. 1970. Profession of medicine; a study of the sociology of applied knowledge. New York, Dodd, Mead.
Freidson, Eliot. 1970. Professional Dominance: The Social Structure of Medical Care. New Brunswick, NJ: Transaction Publishers.
Goffman, Erving. 1961. Asylums: Essays on the Social Situation of Mental Patients and Other Inmates. Anchor Books.
Henderson, L. J. 1935. Physician and patient as a social system. New England journal of medicine, 212(18), 819-823.
Horowitz, Ruth. 2012. In the public interest: Medical licensing and the disciplinary process. Rutgers University Press.
Jenkins, T. 2020. Doctors’ Orders. Columbia University Press.
Lutfey, Karen. 2005. “On practices of ‘good doctoring’: reconsidering the relationship between provider roles and patient adherence.” Sociology of Health & Illness 27(4):421-447.
Menchik, Daniel. 2014. “Decisions About Knowledge in Medical Practice: The Effect of Temporal Features of a Task.” American Journal of Sociology, 120: 701-49.
Michalec, Barret and Frederic W. Hafferty. 2013. “Stunting Professionalism: The Potency and Durability of the Hidden Curriculum within Medical Education.” Social Theory & Health 11(4):388–406.
Navon, Daniel, and Gil Eyal (2016). ‘Looping genomes: Diagnostic change and the genetic makeup of the autism population’. American Journal of Sociology, 121(5): 1416-1471.
Parsons, T. 1951. The social system. Glencoe, IL, Free Press, pp. 428-479
Starr, P. 1982. The social transformation of American medicine. New York, Basic Books.
Stein, Leonard. 1967. “The Doctor-Nurse Game.” Archives of General Psychiatry 16:699-703.
Stein, Leonard, David T. Watts, and Timothy Howell. 1990. “The Doctor-Nurse Game Revisited.” New England Journal of Medicine 322(8):546-549.
Szymczak, Julia E. and Charles L. Bosk. 2012. “Training for Efficiency: Work, Time, and Systems-Based Practice in Medical Residency.” Journal of Health and Social Behavior 53(3):344–358.
Timmermans, Stefan and Alison Angell. 2001. “Evidence-Based Medicine, Clinical Uncertainty, and Learning to Doctor. Journal of Health and Social Behavior 42(4):342-359.
Timmermans, Stefan and Emily S. Kolker. 2004. “Evidence-Based Medicine and the Reconfiguration of Medical Knowledge.” Journal of Health and Social Behavior 45:177– 93.
Timmermans, Stefan and Hyeyoung Oh. 2010. “The Continued Social Transformation of the Medical Profession.” Journal of Health and Social Behavior 51(1_suppl):S94–106.
4. The Healthcare System: Organizations, Work, and Institutions
Caronna, Carol A. 2004. “The Misalignment of Institutional ‘Pillars’: Consequences for the U.S. Healthcare Field.” Journal of Health and Social Behavior 45(Extra Issue):45-58.
Caronna, Carol A. 2012. “Clash of Logics, Crisis of Trust: Entering the Era of Public For-Profit Healthcare?” Pp. 255-270 in Handbook of the Sociology of Health, Illness, and Healing: A Blueprint for the 21st Century, edited by B. A. Pescosolido, J. K. Martin, J. D. McLeod, and A. Rogers. New York: Springer.
Mechanic, David. 2004. “The rise and fall of managed care.” Journal of Health and Social Behavior 45(Extra Issue):76-86.
Morris, Theresa. 2018. Health Care in Crisis: Hospitals, Nurses, and the Consequences of Policy Change. New York: NYU Press.
Reich, Adam. 2014. Selling Our Souls: The Commodification of Hospital Care in the United States. Princeton: University of Princeton Press.
Scott, W. Richard, Martin Ruef, Peter J. Mendel, and Carol A. Caronna. 2000. Institutional Change and Healthcare Organizations. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
Stevens, Rosemary. 1999. In Sickness and In Wealth: American Hospitals in the Twentieth Century. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press. 5. Aging and the lifecourse
Abramson, Corey Michael. 2017. The End Game: How Inequality Shapes Our Final Years. Cambridge Mass: Harvard University Press.
Carr, Deborah S. 2019. “Golden Years? : Social Inequality in Later Life.” Russell Sage.
Cohen, L. (1998). No aging in India: Alzheimer’s, the bad family, and other modern things. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press.
Elder, Glen H., Monica Kirkpatrick Johnson, and Robert Crosnoe. 2003. “The Emergence and Development of Life Course Theory.” in Handbook of the Life Course, edited by J. T. Mortimer and M. J. Shanahan. New York: Springer.
Estes, Carroll L., Simon Biggs, and Chris Phillipson. 2003. Social Theory, Social Policy, and Ageing: Critical Perspectives. Berkshire, UK: Open University Press.
Frye, Margaret, Source American, and No May. 2013. “Bright Futures in Malawi’s New Dawn: Educational Aspirations as Assertions of Identity.” American Journal of Sociology 117(6):1565–1624.
Gubrium, Jaber F. 1997. Living and Dying at Murray Manor. University Press of Virginia.
Martinson, Marty and Clara Berridge. 2014. “Successful Aging and Its Discontents: A Systematic Review of the Social Gerontology Literature.” The Gerontologist 00(00):1– 12.
Meyer, Madonna Harrington and Pamela Herd. 2010. Market Friendly or Family Friendly?: The State and Gender Inequality in Old Age. New York: Russell Sage Foundation Publications.
Myerhoff, B. (1980). Number our days: A triumph of continuity and culture among Jewish old people in an urban ghetto. New York: Touchstone.
Portacolone, Elena. 2014. “Older Americans Living Alone: The Influence of Resources and Intergenerational Integration on Inequality.” Ethnography
Quadagno, Jill. 1988. The Transformation of Old Age Security: Class and Politics in the American Welfare State. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
Umberson, Debra, Robert Crosnoe, and Corinne Reczek. 2011. “Social Relationships and Health Behavior Across Life Course.” Annual Review of Sociology 139–57.
6. Culture
Ariès, Philippe. 1974. Western Attitudes toward Death: From the Middle Ages to the Present. Johns Hopkins University Press. Cicourel, Aaron V. 2012. “Origin and Demise of Socio- Cultural Presentations of Self from Birth to Death : Caregiver ‘ Scaffolding ’ Practices Necessary for Guiding and Sustaining Communal Social Structure throughout the Life Cycle.” Sociology.
Decoteau, Claire Laurier. Ancestors and antiretrovirals: The biopolitics of HIV/AIDS in post- apartheid South Africa. University of Chicago Press, 2013.
Gong, Neil. 2019. “Between Tolerant Containment and Concerted Constraint: Managing Madness for the City and the Privileged Family.” American Sociological Review 84(4):664–89.
Livne, Roi. 2019. Values at the End of Life. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
Mueller, A. S. and S. Abrutyn. 2016. “Adolescents under Pressure: A New Durkheimian Framework for Understanding Adolescent Suicide in a Cohesive Community.” American Sociological Review 81(5):877–99.
Pescosolido, Bernice A. and Sigrum Olafsdottir. 2010. “The Cultural Turn in Sociology: Can It Help Us Resolve an Age-Old Problem in Understanding Decision Making for Health Care?” Sociological Forum 25(4):655–76.
Scheper-Hughes, Nancy. 2001. Saints, Scholars, and Schizophrenics. Berkeley: University of California Press.
Timmermans, Stefan and Mara Buchbinder. 2010. “Patients-in-Waiting: Living between Sickness and Health in the Genomics Era.” Journal of Health and Social Behavior 51(4):408–23.
Turner, Bryan S. 2008. The Body and Society: Explorations in Social Theory. 3rd ed. London: Sage.
7. Law and Health
Chiarello, Elizabeth. 2013. "How organizational context affects bioethical decision-making: Pharmacists' management of gatekeeping processes in retail and hospital settings." Social Science & Medicine 98: 319-329.
Chiarello, Elizabeth. 2015. "The war on drugs comes to the pharmacy counter: Frontline work in the shadow of discrepant institutional logics." Law & Social Inquiry 40, 1: 86-122.
Fentiman, Linda C. 2017. Blaming Mothers: American Law and the Risks to Children’s Health. New York: NYU Press.
Heimer, Carol A. 1999. “Competing Institutions: Law, Medicine, and Family in Neonatal Intensive Care.” Law & Society Review 33(1):17–66. Roth, Louise Marie. 2021. The Business of Birth: Malpractice and Maternity Care in the United States. New York: NYU Press.
Trautner, Mary Nell. 2011. "Tort reform and access to justice: how legal environments shape lawyers’ case selection." Qualitative sociology 34, 4: 523-538.
Trautner, Mary Nell, ed. 2018. Insiders, Outsiders, Injuries, and Law. Cambridge University Press. Introduction.
8. Gender and Health
Anspach, Renee R. 2010. "Gender and health care." Pp. 229-248 in Handbook of Medical Sociology, edited by C. E. Bird, P. Conrad, A. M. Fremont, and S. Timmermans. Nashville, TN: Vanderbilt University Press.
Bird, Chloe E. and Rieker, Patricia P. 2008. Gender and Health: The Effects of Constrained Choices and Social Policies. New York: Cambridge University Press.
Ehrenreich, Barbara and Deirdre English. 1978. For Her Own Good: 150 Years of the Experts’ Advice to Women. New York: Random House.
Kempner, Joanna. 2014. Not Tonight: Migraine and the Politics of Gender and Health. University of Chicago Press.
Read, Jen’nan Ghazal and Bridget K. Gorman. 2010. “Gender and Health Inequality.” Annual Review of Sociology 36:371-386.
Snow, Rachel C. 2012. “Sex, Gender, and Vulnerability.” Pp. 45-57 in The Sociology of Health & Illness: Critical Perspectives, edited by P. Conrad and V. Leiter. New York: Worth Publishers.
Procreation/Reproductive Health Borst, Charlotte G. 1995. Catching Babies: The Professionalization of Childbirth, 1870-1920. Harvard University Press.
Bridges, Kiara. 2011. Reproducing Race. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press.
Daniels, Cynthia R. 1993. At Women’s Expense: State Power and the Politics of Fetal Rights. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
Davis-Floyd, Robbie E. 2004. Birth as an American Rite of Passage. Second Edition. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press.
Davis-Floyd, Robbie E., Lesley Barclay, Betty-Anne Daviss, and Jan Tritten. 2009. Birth Models That Work. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press.
Flavin, Jeanne. 2009. Our Bodies, Our Crimes: The Policing of Women’s Reproduction in America. New York: NYU Press. Gurr, Barbara. 2011. “Reproductive Justice and Native American Women: Complex Intersections.” Sociology Compass 5(8):721–735.
Jordan, Brigitte and Robbie Davis-Floyd. 1992. Birth in Four Cultures : A Crosscultural Investigation of Childbirth in Yucatan, Holland, Sweden, and the United States. 4th edition. Prospect Heights, Ill: Waveland Press.
Luna, Zakiya and Kristin Luker. 2013. “Reproductive Justice.” Annual Review of Law and Social Science 9(1):327–352.
Morris, Theresa. 2013. Cut It Out: The C-Section Epidemic in America. New York: NYU Press.
Morris, Theresa and Joan H. Robinson. 2017. “Forced and Coerced Cesarean Sections in the United States.” Contexts 16(2):24–29.
Owens, Deirdre Cooper. 2017. Medical Bondage: Race, Gender, and the Origins of American Gynecology. Athens, GA: University of Georgia Press.
Paltrow, Lynn M. 2012. “Roe v Wade and the New Jane Crow: Reproductive Rights in the Age of Mass Incarceration.” American Journal of Public Health 103(1):17–21.
Roberts, Dorothy E. 1997. Killing the Black Body: Race, Reproduction, and the Meaning of Liberty. New York: Pantheon Books.
Ross, Loretta and Rickie Solinger. 2017. Reproductive Justice: An Introduction. Oakland, California: University of California Press.
Rothman, Barbara Katz. 1982. In Labor: Women and Power in the Birthplace. New York: W. W. Norton & Company.
Shaw, Jessica. 2013. “Full-Spectrum Reproductive Justice: The Affinity of Abortion Rights and Birth Activism.” Studies in Social Justice 7(1):143–159.
Simonds, Wendy, Barbara Katz Rothman, and Bari Meltzer Norman. 2007. Laboring on: Birth in Transition in the United States. New York: Taylor & Francis.
9. Medicalization and Social Control
Barker, Kristin. 2010. "The Social Construction of Illness: Medicalization and Contested Illness." Pp. 147-162 in Handbook of Medical Sociology, edited by C. E. Bird, P. Conrad, A. M. Fremont, and S. Timmermans. Nashville, TN: Vanderbilt University Press.
Brown, Phil. 1995. "Naming and framing: The social construction of diagnosis and illness." Journal of Health & Social Behavior 36:34-52. Clarke, Adele E., Janet K. Shim, Laura Mamo, Jennifer Ruth Fosket, and Jennifer R. Fishman. 2003. “Biomedicalization: Technoscientific Transformations of Health, Illness, and U.S. Biomedicine.” American Sociological Review 68:161-94.
Conrad, Peter. 1992. “Medicalization and Social Control.” Annual Review of Sociology 18:209- 232.
Conrad, Peter. 2005. "The shifting engines of medicalization." Journal of Health & Social Behavior 46:3-14.
Conrad, Peter. 2007. The Medicalization of Society: On the Transformation of Human Conditions into Treatable Disorders. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press.
Conrad, Peter and Joseph W. Schneider. [1980] 1992. Deviance and Medicalization: From Badness to Sickness. Philadelphia: Temple University Press.
Fox, Renee. 1977. "The Medicalization and Demedicalization of American Society." Daedalus 106: 9-22.
Lorber, Judith. 1975. “Good patients and problem patients: conformity and deviance in a general hospital.” Journal of Health and Social Behavior 16:213-225.
Parsons, Talcott. 1975. “The Sick Role and Role of the Physician Reconsidered.” Milbank Memorial Fund Quarterly 53:257-278.
Waitzkin, Howard. 1971. “Latent Functions of the Sick Role in Various Institutional Settings.” Social Science & Medicine 5:45-75.
Williams, Simon J. and Michael Calnan. 1996. "The 'Limits of Medicalization?': Modern Medicine and the Lay Populace in 'Late Modernity'." Social Science & Medicine 42:1609-1620.
Zola, Irving Kenneth. 1972. “Medicine as an Institution of Social Control.” Sociological Review 20:487-504.
10. Health Social Movements
Banaszak-Holl, Jane C., Sandra Levitsky, and Mayer N. Zald. 2010. Social movements and the transformation of American health care. Oxford University Press on Demand.
Brown, Phil, Stephen Zavestoski, Sabrina McCormick, Brian Mayer, Rachel Morello‐Frosch, and Rebecca Gasior Altman. "Embodied health movements: new approaches to social movements in health." Sociology of health & illness 26, no. 1 (2004): 50-80.
Chambres, Susan. 2006. Fighting for Our Lives: New York’s AIDS Community and the Politics of Disease. Rutgers: Rutgers University Press
Epstein, Steven. 1996. Impure science: AIDS, activism, and the politics of knowledge. Vol. 7. Univ of California Press.
Hess, David J. 2004. "Medical modernisation, scientific research fields and the epistemic politics of health social movements." Sociology of Health & Illness 26(6): 695-709.
Kolker, Emily S. 2004. "Framing as a cultural resource in health social movements: funding activism and the breast cancer movement in the US 1990–1993." Sociology of Health & Illness 26(6): 820-844.