L'orfeo Dolente

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L'orfeo Dolente α FIRENZE 1616 LE POÈME HARMONIQUE VINCENT DUMESTRE α 3 FIRENZE 1616 Sospiri d’amanti 1 Io moro (Claudio Saracini) 3'53 2 Tutto'l di piango (Giulio Caccini) 6'05 3 Non ha'l ciel (Giulio Caccini) 3'50 Il Rapimento di Cefalo di Giulio Caccini 4 Sinfonia quarta (Cristofano Malvezzi) 3'13 5 Innefabile ardor (Giulio Caccini) 0'39 6 Muove si dolce (Giulio Caccini) 2'52 7 Caduca fiamma (Giulio Caccini) 2'27 L’Orfeo Dolente di Domenico Belli 8 Sinfonia, Orfeo : Numi d'Abisso 1'31 9 Sinfonia, Orfeo : Deh se fur miei lamenti 1'41 10 Plutone : Ei fu soverchio ardire 0'42 11 Orfeo : Lasso o mai 2'23 12 Calliope : O del moi cor 0'45 13 Orfeo : Ascolta O Genitrice 1'38 14 Calliope : Dell'atre Averno 1'25 15 Plutone : Ei fu soverchio ardire 0'45 16 Calliope : In darno far di mora 0'23 17 Choro : O quanto merto 1'26 18 Orfeo : Rive ombrose e selvagie 1'55 4 19 Calliope : Quel si fero dolore 1'50 20 Orfeo : Bella mia genitrice 0'49 21 Calliope : Deh verdi erbosi colli 0'38 22 Choro di pastori, Orfeo, Pastor : Non più lagrime o dolore 2'13 23 Calliope, Orfeo, Pastor : Eper té s'oscura il Cielo 2'27 24 Le tre Grazie :Qui d'Orfeo la dolce Cetra 2'34 25 Le tre Grazie : Venga omai venga sereno 0'55 26 Orfeo, Le tre Grazie : Sospiroso dolore 1'27 27 Choro di Ninfe, Le tre Grazie, Orfeo : D'amaranti e di viole 1'08 28 Una delle Grazie : Poi qu'Amor 1'38 29 Le tre Grazie : Dunque in sen d'erbosi valli 0'33 30 Tutti gli interlocutori : Son fonti e fiumi 4'43 ARNAUD MARZORATI, Orfeo ISABELLE DRUET, Calliope PHILIPPE ROCHE, Pluton CATHERINE PADAUT, première Grâce CAMILLE POUL, seconde Grâce AURORE BUCHER, troisième Grâce JAN VAN ELSACKER, un Berger EVA GODART, cornet à bouquin MÉLANIE FLAHAUT, flûte & dulciane JOHANNES FRISCH, violon 5 ISABELLE SAINT-YVES, basse de viole LUCAS GUIMARAES, basse de viole MARTIN BAUER, violone FLORIAN CARRÉ, clavecin & orgue MASSIMO MOSCARDO, archiluth VINCENT DUMESTRE, théorbe & direction enregistré en septembre 2007 à Paris, chapelle de l’hôpital Notre-Dame de Bon Secours prise de son, direction artistique & montage : Hugues Deschaux Photographies : Robin Davies Nos remerciements vont à Susanna Poddighe pour son formidable travail de coach linguistique, à Jean-François Lattarico pour les multiples recherches qu’il a effectuées ainsi que pour ses conseils philologiques, à Annick Ostertag pour son patient travail de mise en partition. Pour contacter le Poème Harmonique : [email protected] 7 Gianlorenzo Bernini Naples 1598 – Rome 1680 Apollon et Daphné, 1622/25 Marbre de Carrare, grandeur nature [hauteur 243 cm] Rome, Galerie Borghèse Se d’amor l’aurato strale [Si la flèche dorée de l’amour] Pur t’incende o impiaga il petto, [Enflamme ou blesse ton coeur,] Se il suo vago il cor t’assale [Si sa beauté te saisit] Di soave almo diletto… [D’un plaisir suave et suprême…] Domenico Belli, Orfeo dolente Piqué par le dard acéré de la flèche d’or que, vexé qu’on ait douté de son talent d’archer, Cupidon lui a lancé par vengeance, Apollon est aussitôt envahi par un désir irrépressible envers Daphné, atteinte par la pointe émoussée d’un deuxième projectile, celui-là en plomb, destiné, au contraire, à l’éloigner de son soupirant. Émule de Diane, déesse des bois, la nymphe, qui a choisi de vivre dans la virginité éternelle, pour s’adonner continûment à la chasse, se refuse obstinément à lui. Pour échapper aux avances de Phoebus qui, courant plus vite qu’elle, vient de la rattraper près des rives du Pénée, la jeune fille en est réduite à supplier son père, le dieu fleuve éponyme, de la métamorphoser et, ainsi, de soustraire son être, objet des ardeurs du fils de Jupiter, à la convoitise divine. Or voilà que, sous les yeux du Délien, la nymphe se transforme en laurier, essence 8 végétale inconnue jusque-là. Devant ce sort irrémédiable, mais néanmoins désireux de posséder Daphné, quelle qu’en soit la forme, Apollon décide de faire de l’arbre auquel elle a donné son nom, son emblème. Désormais, il se ceindra d’un rameau de laurier, lequel servira à proclamer la gloire des héros de l’armée romaine qui, honneur suprême, recevront une couronne de ses feuilles, lors de leur triomphe au Capitole1. Bernin ne se contente pas de reproduire verbatim le récit de la Fable, il rend compte aussi du phénomène de la transmutation : ut pictura poesis, jamais l’image n’aura à ce point approché le texte. Avec un instinct artistique et poétique inédit, et une imparable habileté technique, il réussit à saisir sur le vif la course effrénée des figures, au moment précis, la fraction de seconde, où la chasseresse passe de la forme humaine à celle de plante. Un épisode plus facile à traiter en peinture qu’en ronde bosse, médium moins adapté pour enregistrer le passage du temps et le caractère fugitif des choses. Issu de la jambe gauche levée d’Apollon, le mouvement est relayé par le bras droit de Daphné, instaurant un double contrapposto avec le dextre du dieu, qui s’apparie à l’autre membre de la nymphe. La pulsation effrénée qui anime les coureurs culmine dans le frémissement des cheveux transformés en feuilles, battant au vent, dont on croit percevoir le souffle qui les soulève. Peau féminine et masculine, chevelure, vêtements, sol, frondaisons, écorce… sont rendus dans toutes les nuances de leurs textures, leurs qualités tactiles atteignant à un hyperréalisme qui dépasse la nature. On a l’impression de sentir la sueur consécutive à l’effort physique, alors que la peur gagne Daphné, dont la bouche, paralysée par l’effroi, demeure ouverte, et que la frustration qui envahit un Péan, interdit, le laisse sans voix, le regard perdu. L’émotion est à son comble, l’expression à son paroxysme, rendue par les 9 affetti, chers aux Italiens, au moment où le recitar cantando du stile rappresentativo s’impose à eux comme une évidence2. Au point que le degré de pénétration pychologique atteint par le sculpteur réduit l’Apollon du Belvédère3 au rang de lointain modèle, et le ballet d’Atalante et Hippomène de Guido Reni4, peintre préféré de Bernin, dont les acteurs désemparés planent avec grâce de part et d’autre de l’enjeu qui les oppose, simple jeu formel. Homme de théâtre, concepteur de décors, metteur en scène… l’artiste règle la gestuelle avec la précision du chorégraphe, alors que le groupe envahit le champ du spectateur, entraîné dans une scénographie, une correspondance des arts nouvelle, où la virtuosité, la bravura, s’affirme avec éclat. Ut pictura musica, on croit entendre les trilles et les tremblements des interprètes de l’Orfeo et ressentir aussi les émotions exacerbées qu’ils expriment avec le naturel prôné par Giulio Caccini. Soutenu par le passage de la lumière fluide et sensuelle du chiaroscuro, dont les intonations exaltent la force du drame qui se joue sous nos yeux, ce tour de force semble devoir être à la seule portée du génie auquel le Baroque doit son acte de naissance. La veine moralisatrice du distique composé par le Florentin Maffeo Barberini, futur pape Urbain VIII, gravé sur le socle de la statue5, et destiné à couvrir la délectation esthétique, plaisir « érotique » inaccessible, en principe, à l’ecclésiastique qu’est le mécène Scipion Borghèse, cardinal de la Sainte Église, ne trompe personne. L’admonestation demeure sans effet sur l’agitation effrénée de ces divinités éperdues, à la fois réelles et surréelles, dont l’élan tragique transcende les temps de l’histoire. © Denis Grenier Département d’histoire Université Laval, Québec http://www.hst.ulaval.ca/Profs/Dgrenier/Dgrenier.htm 10 http://www.ckrl.qc.ca/index.php?page_id=1&jourp=10&emissionid=290 [email protected] Novembre 2007 1 At, quoniam coniunx mea non potes esse / Arbor eris certe. [Eh bien, puisque tu ne peux être mon épouse / Tu seras mon arbre.], Ovide, Les Métamorphoses, 1, 555, et 452-567, pour le récit in extenso. « Laurier » se dit « daphné », en grec. 2 À cet égard, cf. dans le texte signé par Vincent Dumestre la citation liminaire de Marin Mersenne, lequel lance un véritable défi aux interprètes français s’essayant à la musique italienne. 3Cette sculpture hellénistique du IVesiècle a été découverte fin XVe. Cf. http://www.hku.hk/french/dcmScreen/lang3035/apollon_belvedere.jpeg. 4 Cf. http://www.hellenica.de/Griechenland/Mythos/Bild/AtalanteHippomenesReniGuido.jpg. 5 Quisquis amans sequitur fugitivae gaudia formae,/ Fronde manus implet, baccas seu carpit amaras. [Tel qui court après les plaisirs fugaces / s’emplit les mains de feuilles mortes, ou cueille des fruits amers. ut pictura musica la musique est peinture, la peinture est musique 11 En 1582, Vincenzo Galilei appliquait à Florence ses théories musicales liées à l’expression des passions humaines en récitant, chez le comte Bardi, le Chant XXXIII de l’Enfer de Dante soutenu par un accompagnement de violes : il inaugurait ainsi la naissance de la monodie accompagnée. En 1616, Gabriello Chiabrera, Domenico Belli et leur Orfeo Dolente refermaient en quelque sorte la page florentine de trente années de stupéfiants bouleversements musicaux. Si vouloir en donner dans ce disque une idée globale serait vain et présomptueux, figurent cependant ici trois étapes qui jalonnent l’évolution du parlar cantando. Les airs de Giulio Caccini (extraits des Nuove Musiche) et de Claudio Saracini (extrait de ses Musiche) qui furent tous deux édités en 1614 sont ainsi l’illustration des théories basées sur la déclamation intonée qu’évoquent les lettres de Girolamo Mei à Vincenzo Galilei et que reprendra Jacopo Peri dans la préface de son Euridice.
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