NASA/CP–2008-214583 July 2008 Proceedings of the Next Generation Exploration Conference-2 Entrepreneurial Opportunities in Lunar Development A gathering of emerging global space leaders to design the future of space exploration Proceedings of a conference sponsored by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration held at NASA Ames Research Center Moffett Field, California February 12 - 15, 2008 NASA STI Program...in profile Since its founding, NASA has been dedicated to • CONFERENCE PUBLICATION. Collected the advancement of aeronautics and space sci- papers from scientific and technical conferences, ence. The NASA scientific and technical infor- symposia, seminars, or other meetings sponsored mation (STI) program plays a key part in helping or co-sponsored by NASA. NASA maintain this important role. • SPECIAL PUBLICATIONS. Scientific, tech- The NASA STI program operates under the aus- nical, or historical information from NASA pro- pices of the Agency Chief Information Officer. grams, projects, and missions, often concerned It collects, organizes, provides for archiving, with subjects having substantial public interest. and disseminates NASA’s STI. The NASA STI program provides access to the NASA Aeronau- • TECHNICAL TRANSLATION. English- tics and Space Database and its public interface, language translations of foreign scientific and the NASA Technical Report Server, thus provid- technical material pertinent to NASA’s mission. ing one of the largest collections of aeronautical and space science STI in the world. Results are Specialized services also include creating custom published in both non-NASA channels and by thesauri, building customized databases, and NASA in the NASA STI Report Series, which organizing and publishing reserach results. includes the following report types: For more information about NASA STI program, • TECHNICAL PUBLICATIONS. Reports of see the following: completed research or a major significant phase of research that present the results of NASA • Access the NASA STI program home page at Programs and include extensive data or theoreti- http://www.sti.nasa.gov cal analysis. Includes compilations of significant scientific and technical data and information • E-mail your question via the internet to deemed to be of continuing reference value. [email protected] NASA counterpart of peer-reviewed formal professional papers but has less stringent limita- • Fax your question to the NASA STI Help Desk tions on manuscript length and extent of graphic at (301) 621-0134 presentations. • Phone the NASA STI Help Desk at • TECHNICAL MEMORANDUM. Scientific (301) 621-0390 and technical findings that are preliminary or of specialized interest, e.g., quick release reports, Write to: working papers, and bibliographies that contain NASA STI Help Desk minimal annotation. Does not contain extensive NASA Center for AeroSpace Information analysis. 7121 Standard Drive Hanover, MD 21076-1320 • CONTRACTOR REPORT. Scientific and technical findings by NASA-sponsored contrac- tors and grantees. NASA/CP–2008-214583 July 2008 Proceedings of the Next Generation Exploration Conference-2 Entrepreneurial Opportunities in Lunar Development Event Organizer: Jessica Culler NASA Ames Research Center Moffett Field, California Proceedings Editors: Ken Davidian NASA Headquarters Washington, D.C. Delia Santiago NASA Ames Research Center Moffett Field, California Design & Production: Julie Fletcher NASA Ames Research Center Moffett Field, California Proceedings of a conference sponsored by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration held at NASA Ames Research Center Moffett Field, California February 12 - 15, 2008 TABLE OF CONTENTS Table of Contents Preface ................................................................................................................2 Overview ..............................................................................................................3 ESMD Introduction ...............................................................................................5 IPP Introduction ...................................................................................................6 Executive Summary .............................................................................................7 Participant List .....................................................................................................9 Agenda ..............................................................................................................12 Speakers’ Presentations JACK BOYD Introduction to Ames ....................................................................15 MATTHEW REYES & KEITH COWING Exploration in Action ...............................31 KEN DAVIDIAN Science vs. Exploration Discussion || Introduction to NASA ......38 KEN DAVIDIAN Previous Commerical Architecture Studies ..............................42 KEN DAVIDIAN Current NASA Commercial Development Policy and Previous Approaches ......................................................................................................50 NICHOLAS SKYTLAND & GARRET FITZPATRICK Generation Y Perspective ....56 TABER MACCALLUM Finding Achilles’ Heel .....................................................92 ROBERT RICHARDS Odyssey Moon–The New Race to the Moon ................109 Working Group Reports Infrastructure, Utilities, and Consumables ........................................................121 Services ...........................................................................................................127 Lunar Access ...................................................................................................131 Lunar Environment Utilization ..........................................................................137 Cultural Industries ............................................................................................141 Appendices Appendix A: Time-Phase Analysis Tables ........................................................148 Appendix B: Market Analysis Tables .................................................................153 Appendix C: Risk & Policy Recommendations ..................................................160 Appendix D: Mixed Reality Broadcast ..............................................................166 Next Generation Exploration Conference-2 l 2008 1 OVERVIEW OVERVIEW As humanity reaches out to explore and understand the universe surrounding us, the Earth’s Moon stands as the first natural stepping stone away from our home planet. Nearly four decades after mankind first touched its surface, it remains largely unexplored and unutilized. However, technology has continued to develop, making Lunar activities feasible for commercial as well as government entities. Now, a renewed emphasis on space exploration beyond the Moon has created incentives to both utilize the Moon in achieving these exploration goals and involve private business to reduce cost and facilitate Lunar activities. With this in mind, the second Next Generation Exploration Conference (NGEC-2) brought together emerging space leaders for a four-day workshop of collaboration and strategy development. More than 100 hand-selected future leaders in Attendees at NGEC-2 the space sector met at NASA Ames Research Center February 12–15, 2008, to gather 100 young space professionals information, exchange ideas, and brainstorm Average age 28 in working groups to create an output that 24 % International will offer global guidance on the topic of Countries(8)—Australia, Austria, Canada, Entrepreneurial Opportunities in Lunar Honduras, Norway, Pakistan, Switzerland, Development. This next generation of leaders, United States along with virtual contributors participating through NASA CoLab and Second Life, included engineers, scientists, and communication specialists from the United States and abroad, both industry and government. A New Way of Conferencing The invitation-only event gathered emerging space leaders with technical talents applicable to the conference theme. Participation, however, was extended beyond the usual means of attendance and in-person contribution. Conference participation initiated prior to the in-person gathering was facilitated by NASA CoLab’s conference facilitation tool, at http://nasacolab.org. This tool allowed for significant dialogue prior to the actual event, thus maximizing the output of the time in person. The conference facilitation tool also supported user-generated conference content by allowing conference participants to propose conference sessions and vote on the ones they thought would be of most value. In addition to the in-person and online components of the conference, additional involvement was facilitated via Second Life, a publicly virtual world where NASA CoLab has established a presence. This virtual world allowed people not physically present to listen to presentations and engage in the dialogue. Second Life participants submitted questions to conference presenters via liaisons present at the conference and also logged into Second Life. A full report on the Second Life component of NGEC-2 is included in Appendix A of this proceedings document. 2 Next Generation Exploration Conference-2 l 2008 OVERVIEW Conference Intent The second Next Generation Exploration Conference (NGEC-2) was supported by the Exploration Science Mission Directorate (ESMD) and Innovative Partnerships Program (IPP) at NASA Headquarters. The ESMD Commercial Space Development Policy (ECMD) and the ECMD Implementation Plan were used as guidelines