Nation State: Journal of International Studies P ISSN 2620-391X Vol. 3 No. 1 | Juni 2020 E ISSN 2621-735X ______Optimizing the Ability of Aceh in Practice Risky Novialdi1, Saddam Rassanjani2 1 Department of International Relations, Al Muslim University, Bireuen – Indonesia 2 Department of Government Studies, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh – Indonesia Email: [email protected] Submitted: 15 June 2020 | Accepted: 30 June 2020 Abstract This paper analyzes the opportunities for the development of Aceh province in the era of . Paradiplomacy is one of the efforts that can be utilized to develop the Aceh province. Based on the Constitution Number 11 of 2006 on the Aceh government, has given Aceh province considerable authority to develop its territory, including establishing diplomatic relations with the regions others abroad through the Paradiplomacy practice. But, with this considerable authority, Aceh is still the poorest region in Sumatra and the poorest number 6 in Indonesia based on the statistics centre data (BPS) in 2019. This means that Aceh still fails to exploit its social and natural conditions for the development of its territory. In This research we used qualitative method, by gathering previous studies through observation, interviews and data collection. Aceh could utilize the "Tsunami Disaster" to become the initial capital to practice paradiplomacy with other regions abroad. Actually Aceh also has other capital, namely as a former conflict area and also as the best coffee producer in the world. Therefore, Aceh has at least three large capitals to establish cooperation with foreign parties through the paradiplomacy practice, with the concept of sister Province, Sister City. Keywords: Globalization, Paradiplomacy, Aceh, Province, Sister, City. Abstrak Artikel ini menganalisis tentang peluang pengembangan provinsi Aceh di era globalisasi. Paradiplomacy adalah salah satu upaya yang dapat dimanfaatkan untuk mengembangkan provinsi Aceh. Berdasarkan Undang-Undang Nomor 11 Tahun 2006 tentang pemerintahan Aceh, telah memberikan kewenangan yang cukup besar kepada provinsi Aceh untuk mengembangkan wilayahnya, termasuk membangun hubungan internasional dengan daerah-daerah lain di luar negeri melalui praktik Paradiplomacy. Tetapi, dengan wewenang yang cukup besar ini, Aceh masih merupakan wilayah termiskin di Sumatra dan nomor 6 termiskin di Indonesia berdasarkan data pusat statistik (BPS) pada tahun 2019. Ini berarti bahwa Aceh masih gagal mengeksplorasi kondisi sosial dan alamnya untuk pembangunan. Dalam penelitian ini kami menggunakan metode kualitatif, dengan mengumpulkan studi sebelumnya melalui observasi, wawancara dan pengumpulan data. Provinsi Aceh dapat memanfaatkan "Bencana Tsunami" untuk menjadi modal awal untuk mempraktikkan paradiplomasi dengan daerah lain di luar negeri. Provinsi Aceh juga memiliki modal lain, yaitu sebagai daerah bekas konflik dan juga sebagai penghasil kopi terbaik di dunia. Karena itu, Aceh memiliki setidaknya tiga modal besar untuk menjalin kerja sama dengan pihak asing melalui praktik paradiplomasi, dengan konsep Sister Province atau Sister City. Kata Kunci: Globalisasi, Paradiplomasi, Provinsi Aceh, Sister City.

INTRODUCTION In the era of globalization, on the central government to carry out in a country cannot only rely development in the regions. But the

19 Nation State: Journal of International Studies P ISSN 2620-391X Vol. 3 No. 1 | Juni 2020 E ISSN 2621-735X ______local government itself must be ‘negotiation' – by cardinal Richelieu as actively involved in carrying out négociation continuelle. is not development including establishing merely what professional diplomatic cooperation with foreign countries. agent does. It is carried out by other The participation of local government officials and by private persons under or the autonomous region to take part the direction of officials. It is also internationally, according to Stefan carried out through many different Wolff (2007) indicates that the most channels besides the traditional basic ideas on the state sovereignty resident mission. Together with the have changed fundamentally. The balance of power, which it both Westphalia system which puts the reinforces and reflects, diplomacy is sovereignty solemnly on the central the most important institution of our government must be willing to share society of states (Berridge, 2015). with the local government for its As the development of actors in concept of international activities. On the science of international relations, how much the proportion of shared actors also change in diplomacy, so sovereignty must be distinctive among that those who play a role in the the states (Wolff, 2007). interaction between other countries or Diplomacy is an essentially other parties abroad also develop, can political activity and, well resourced be done by actors who have been and skilful, a major ingredient of given authority by the central power. Its chief purpose is to enable government. One of them is the role states to secure the objectives of their of sub-countries such as the Province foreign policies without resort to or even a city. Cities are the oldest force, propaganda, or the law. It political entities in history and played follows that diplomacy consists of an important political role until the communication between officials Middle Ages when the advent of the designed to promote foreign policy nation-state in the 1500s reduced them either by formal agreement or tacit to relatively insignificant political adjustment. Though it also includes players. However, the growth of such discrete activities as gathering globalisation in the 1990s and the rapid information, clarifying intentions, and growth of urban areas worldwide, engendering goodwill, it is thus not demanding solutions for surprising that, until the label environmental degradation, public ‘diplomacy' was affixed to all of these transport, housing, , health, activities by Edmund Burke in 1796, it and public services, have once again was known most commonly as brought cities to the political forefront

20 Nation State: Journal of International Studies P ISSN 2620-391X Vol. 3 No. 1 | Juni 2020 E ISSN 2621-735X ______(Rodrigues and Mattioli, 2017). But in political-territorial mobilisation) this era of globalization, provinces and logically lead to regional governments cities can develop their regions seeking the development of an through the practice of paradiplomacy. international personality. In this way, Paradiplomacy is a relatively new paradiplomacy serves as a means for phenomenon and subject in the study identity- and nation-building and of international relations. It refers to sustains and promotes specific interest what could describe as a "foreign definitions such as cultural policy capacity" of sub-state entities, preservation (Kuznetsov, 2015). their participation, independent of Regions and cities are important their metropolitan state, in the international actors. If the international arena in pursuit of their international community has always specific international interests. This is been aware of the economic a conceptually and practically significance of some US states (such as challenging development— California or Texas) or of regions conceptually because the discipline of using foreign policy to leverage their international relations does not internal autonomy (such as Quebec or normally consider sub-state entities as ), today the phenomenon is subjects of international relations; and much more visible. Subnational practically because states’ claim to governments are concerned with what external sovereignty, their unique right has traditionally been defined as “low to engage with other players in the policy”: environmental issues, international arena, is, in a sense, investment promotion, cultural and hollowed out and perhaps fatally educational exchange etc. This undermined if they have to share this contrasts “high policy,” represented by essential prerogative of stateness the diplomatic and military security (Wolff, 2007). agenda of a central government. In Alexander S. Kuznetsov (2015) other words, paradiplomacy represents had a definition of paradiplomacy that the projection abroad of the domestic could be one way for the government competencies of subnational to share its power with the provincial governments, which are government for international relations. predominantly concentrated on such he argued, Paradiplomacy, which often “low policy” issues (Tavares, 2016). is primarily a function of stateless The Helsinki Memorandum of nationalism suggests that the processes Understanding (MOU) of 2005 had of nationalism (identity construction, given the authority for the Acehnese to interest definition/ articulation and manage their government. They

21 Nation State: Journal of International Studies P ISSN 2620-391X Vol. 3 No. 1 | Juni 2020 E ISSN 2621-735X ______obtained a broad authority in the fields from Sweden, United Kingdom, of domestic business, including Penang Malaysia, Istanbul Turkey, and economy, social, politics, law, culture, . Yet of all the existed and mining, and trade. Even more so, the initiative cooperation, some of it was Aceh government also attained the stopped on the Memorandum of authority to engage with the foreign Understand (MOU) signing only, partnership in the frame of national without being followed by the governance of The Republic of realization of the implementation of Indonesia. That huge authority for the agreement. Among that fact was Aceh governance is a part of the revealed in the research done by Sahari implementation of asymmetrical A. Ganie (2015), the lecturer in the autonomous principals in Indonesia. Faculty of Social and Political Before the Helsinki Agreement, the Sciences, Unsyiah, who stressed that government of Indonesia has the impression had appeared in the produced Constitution Number 18 of pattern of diplomacy handling by the 2001 on the Aceh Special Autonomy. Aceh government (Paradiplomacy) However, this could not fulfil the remains very conventional. The Acehnese aspiration as a whole, so it domination of government visits cannot run well. The principals of overseas, both the executive and governing Aceh' stated in the Helsinki legislative, has proven their effort to MOU have been legalized by the offer the investment potential in Aceh national government of Indonesia as as stated in the MOU (Ganie, 2015). the national regulation, namely the Unfortunately, those were ended from National Law Number 11 of 2006 on one MOU to another without giving Governing Aceh. The regulation has any significant concrete realization explained into the details about the (Mukti, 2019). principals previously do not exist in The findings of Sahari A. Ganie the Helsinki MOU, as well as the (2015) has been confirmed by the authority to exercise the foreign publication in the form of a report on partnership or Para-diplomacy in the foreign investment realization which framework of the Unitary States of the has decreased drastically after 2013 Republic of Indonesia (Mukti, 2019). from 1.5 trillion Rupiah of foreign To date, the Aceh government investment to only 9 billion Rupiah, has been engaged in the cooperation although there was a quite significant with the foreign parties both for the growth from 2010 to 2013 in the governance or technical business such amount of 40 to 367 billion Rupiahs in as with various of foreign universities 2011 and was a bit lessen in 2012 with

22 Nation State: Journal of International Studies P ISSN 2620-391X Vol. 3 No. 1 | Juni 2020 E ISSN 2621-735X ______235 billion Rupiah. In 2014, foreign the Aceh provincial government in the investment in Aceh began to increase practice of paradiplomacy. These three even though it was still slow, and a capitals will have a significant effect jump in foreign investment occurred because they depart from the in 2016 which reached $ 8.8 million background that is characteristic of from the previous 2015 below $ 1 Aceh Province. Thus, there will be no million (DPMPTSP, 2017). However, more collaboration carried out by the the highest foreign investment figure Aceh government which is not in Aceh is still the lowest number or effective especially if it is only limited ranking no 34, when compared to to the signing of the Memorandum of other provinces in Indonesia (Mukti, Understanding (MoU). 2019). Based on the facts described METHOD above, it shows that the province of To analyse the problems in this Aceh has carried out paradiplomacy study, we used a qualitative method, by practices with various parties abroad, gathering previous studies through but it is still less effective for the observation, interviews and data development of the Aceh province. collection from books, journals, news For a practice of paradiplomacy to in newspapers and websites. Leedy and work well and effectively, the Ormrod (2013) further state that collaboration must be with an qualitative researchers construct an interesting background. The interpretive narrative from their data background referred to is that a capital and try to capture the complexity of carried out in diplomacy is unique in the phenomenon under study. the Aceh province. So far, what is Qualitative researchers thus use a commonly used in paradiplomacy more personal, literary style, and they practices are Aceh culture, student often include the participant’s exchanges, and tourism. language. Paradiplomacy by using the three The data obtained will be capital above (Aceh culture, student analyzed to obtain facts about the exchanges, and tourism) is still less main capital that can be used by the effective in developing Aceh province. Aceh provincial government in Then, what capital can be used conducting paradiplomacy practices. It effectively in the practice of also goes through a direct observation paradiplomacy to develop the process to cities in the province of province of Aceh? This paper will Aceh, such as the cities of Banda Aceh, offer 3 main capital that can be used by Bireuen, and Central Aceh. From the

23 Nation State: Journal of International Studies P ISSN 2620-391X Vol. 3 No. 1 | Juni 2020 E ISSN 2621-735X ______results of this observation, a performance in the view of other conclusion will be drawn about what States, and not by strengthening the kind of can be used in the force (military) or the payment area as soft power diplomacy for use in (economic concession). Soft power paradiplomacy practices. has emerged from the performance of a country's culture, the political dream, RESULT AND DISCUSSION and policies. If a state is willing to let Paradiplomacy has been most its foreign policies seen ‘legitimate' in visible in Western industrialized the view of other nations, then the use liberal-. Quebec, of soft power is a must (Nye Jr, 2004). Catalonia, the Basque Country, Through the concept of Flanders and Wallonia, as well as paradiplomacy, Region and cities can several German Lander and some create their opportunities by the French regions have all devoted potential of the region they have. considerable efforts at developing an Thus, the Region and cities will also international action. (Lecours, 2008). more quickly resolve the problems In , state governments have they face and establish foreign negotiated directly with international relations with the parties they want. A financial organizations such as the region that has good potential to World Bank, the Asian Development conduct foreign cooperation through Bank and the the concept of paradiplomacy in Aceh Development Program, although Province, one of the 34 provinces in these negotiations require the blessing Indonesia. of the federal government. In Diplomatic activities take place in Malaysia, the state of Penang has the negotiation process which also actively been promoting itself as a occurs bargaining. In this process, centre for information and Power is needed so that it can be a communication technology in South- determinant of bargaining positions. East Asia (Loh, 2009). Sub-State (Provinces or Cities) does The practise of paradiplomacy as not have hard power as the state, then commonly done by several local Province must have another power in governments is the real the form of soft power, which will later implementation of soft-power become soft power diplomacy. This diplomacy. (Mukti, 2019). According Power will be used in the practice of to Joseph Nye Jr. (2004), soft power is paradiplomacy. the ability to achieve what a state desired through the nation

24 Nation State: Journal of International Studies P ISSN 2620-391X Vol. 3 No. 1 | Juni 2020 E ISSN 2621-735X ______In carrying out the practice of government, that has given Aceh diplomacy or paradiplomacy, an actor province considerable authority to must have either hard power (military develop its territory, including and economic power) or Soft Power establishing diplomatic relations with (other than military and economic). the regions others abroad through the Hard Power is only owned by the state, Paradiplomacy practice. whereas soft power, this is what can be To achieve this goal, we must owned and used by regions / cities in identify the main capital that can be a country to conduct diplomacy used by the Aceh provincial (paradiplomacy) with other regions / government or the city government to cities abroad. carry out paradiplomacy practices. Province has carried out various Based on observations and interviews activities in the practice of conducted at the office "Investment paradiplomacy. However, as explained and Promotion Agency of Aceh earlier that many of these (BAINPROM), it was found that the paradplomacy activities did not go well implementation of paradiplomacy or were limited to signing the MoU, practices did not use capital that has a not reaching the implementation. high sale value and has a unique value Therefore, for a paradiplomacy in the province of Aceh. practice to run effectively, the Finally, what can be used as soft authority for paradiplomacy activities power diplomacy is the ability and is also carried out by a city, in the culture inherent in Aceh province. In concept of sister city or twice city. this paper 3 new capital will be It also needs to be explained that explained which could become soft paradiplomacy is simply a form of power diplomacy of the Aceh activity, while the perpetrators of the provincial government or cities in activity are the provincial government Aceh. These 3 things are Disaster of or the city government in one region, Tsunami/Disaster Mitigation Expert, be it in the form of sister province, Ex-Conflict Areas/Conflict sister city /twice city. Resolution Expert, world's best coffee Aceh Province as one of the producer. regions in Indonesia which has the potential thing to carry out Utilizing the “Tsunami Disaster” as an Instrument of Paradiplomacy cooperation abroad, Based on the Constitution and Constitution Disaster diplomacy combines Number 11 of 2006 on the Aceh two fairly common words. Definition in the Oxford Dictionary, 'disaster' is a

25 Nation State: Journal of International Studies P ISSN 2620-391X Vol. 3 No. 1 | Juni 2020 E ISSN 2621-735X ______sudden accident or natural disaster that and Cuba are hostile countries, but causes great damage or loss of life. The because there is a similar problem, the second word, 'diplomacy', at the basic storms, it can be used as a diplomatic level contrasts with a war where tool for peace (Novialdi, 2016). diplomacy is interpreted as the A similar thing happened in the peaceful side of politics, where Aceh Province, the tsunami disaster negotiation is the path of choice for a became the capital used as a diplomatic change. tool to resolve Aceh's conflict with When two words are used at the Indonesia and also to revive the same time, it is an attempt to give birth economy. But more importantly, to a new idea about how a disaster can because of the tsunami that occurred be used for diplomatic means at the in Aceh, making Aceh as one of the national and international level. One regions in the world with good disaster of the figures who supported the mitigation. A disaster, if managed development of this idea came from properly, will be a productive source of Ilan Kelman (2011) who contributed a political and , as lot in the form of reports and articles explained by Surwandono and on disaster diplomacy, all of which Herningtyas (2019) that natural culminated in his 2012 publication on disasters can be positive social capital disaster diplomacy, Disaster to solve social, economic, political and Diplomacy 'How disaster affects peace socio-cultural problems in vulnerable and conflict'. areas disaster. Therefore, the Aceh Kelman's view of the disaster government must actively participate diplomacy is how a disaster can in disaster diplomacy activities and provide opportunities for cooperation develop new strategies to manage and in building peace. These opportunities utilize the 2004 tsunami to be an asset manifest themselves in both times in development. before and after a disaster, which Kelman (2016) argued that means that any cooperation related to disaster diplomacy can be successful disaster is understood to be part of when those in power decide that they disaster diplomacy. As an illustration want to succeed and then use their of pre-disaster activities, one strength for that purpose. In Aceh successful example of cooperation Province, there are various kinds of from the disaster base is the facilities that support disaster collaboration of American and Cuban mitigation, especially from the tsunami scientists on providing a storm disaster. Intended facilities such as monitoring system. Basically, America tsunami sirens, evacuation routes,

26 Nation State: Journal of International Studies P ISSN 2620-391X Vol. 3 No. 1 | Juni 2020 E ISSN 2621-735X ______escape the building, and Tsunami and on the promotion process and the Disaster Mitigation Research Centre exploration of cooperation with these (TDMRC) in Universitas Syiah Kuala parties by the Aceh provincial (Unsyiah). With this disaster mitigation government and the city government capability, it can become the capital of in Aceh. Aceh Province in increasing cooperation in the field of overcoming Utilizing Aceh Image as a Conflict the tsunami disaster. Province of Aceh Resolution Expert as an (through Banda Aceh Government) Instrument of Paradiplomacy has established cooperation with Japan The province of Aceh once in the field of disaster mitigation experienced a 'separatist' conflict (Junaidi, 2018). between the Aceh Sumatra National Based on interviews with Liberation Front (GAM) and the BAINPROM, they explained that so Republic of Indonesia (NKRI). GAM far in international forums participated clearly represented Aceh's claim to by the Aceh provincial government, independence, not just in historical they often played videos when the terms as ‘the Acehnese to armed tsunami struck and the post-tsunami resistance in the form of the Islamic condition of Aceh (about governance, organization of Darul Islam (DI) especially about disaster mitigation) claimed,' but also in terms of racial (Risky. N (Interviewer) & Junaidi exclusivity, and at least regarding the (interviewee). (2016) ). This effort can Javanese. (Kingsburry, 2012). The be an attraction for other provincial conflict from 1976 to 2004 has claimed governments abroad who are many victims both from the military interested in learning about disaster and civil society. However, in 2005 mitigation. Thus, this attraction can be something previously imagined was used by the Aceh Province as a almost impossible, peace ensued instruement of paradiplomacy. between the two sides and ended the conflict forever. In the future, the province of Aceh can establish cooperation with Previously, GAM demanded regions in other countries that have the independence from Indonesia, while potential for earthquake and tsunami from the Indonesian side hoped that threats, such as regions in Malaysia, Sri Aceh would remain within the territory Lanka, and India. It is also possible to of the Indonesian state. The signing of collaborate with regions that also the MoU in Helsinki, ending the war border the oceans in the Americas, between the two and Aceh finally Europe and Africa. All this will depend returned totally to Indonesian

27 Nation State: Journal of International Studies P ISSN 2620-391X Vol. 3 No. 1 | Juni 2020 E ISSN 2621-735X ______territory. The agreement reached was puts Aceh as a guideline for other not easy, but had gone through a very countries involved in the separatist complicated and detailed process. conflict with the provinces in their Besides, the intelligence and maturity regions, such as Sri Lanka, the of both parties were the supporting , Thailand, Myanmar. Aceh factors for reaching an agreement. Province can offer itself as a mediator The peace process in Aceh has and cooperation to help conflict areas. notched up significant achievements, Based on the discussions we had including the demobilisation of the with Drs. Nurdin Abdurrahman, MA, GAM and the withdrawal of troops by who was a GAM negotiator during the the Indonesian government, while the peace negotiation with Indonesia in passing of the Law on the Governance Helsinki, Finland. He explained that he of Aceh has enabled local political had been asked as an expert to resolve parties to develop, thereby ensuring the conflict that occurred in greater decentralisation and Mindanao, Philippines. The conflict in . In the 2006 elections, Mondanao was almost similar with Irwandi Yusuf, a former member of Aceh, which involved the central the GAM, was elected the Governor government and the province (Nurdin of the autonomous province of Aceh. Abdurrahman, Personal Of course, concerns remain regarding Communication 2019, July 19). This the peace process, given sporadic shows that Aceh Province can be used conflict among ex-GAM members as as a reference as an example of conflict well as the Indonesian state and the resolution, especially related to military in transition. One of the separatist conflict. principal reasons for the failure of the Thus, this capability can be used peace process in Sri Lanka was that the as a instrument of paradiplomacy (as a government which signed the peace Soft Power Diplomacy for the process was voted out of the office and Province of Aceh) by the Aceh the new government abrogated the provincial government, when peace agreement. (Senanayake, 2009). establishing diplomatic relations with But what happened in Aceh, has other provinces abroad, especially placed the position of Aceh with Provinces that have the same conflict maturity as an actor in diplomacy. problems with Aceh Province. Lee (2020) viewed that a clear and illiberal approach to peace building causes an end to hostilities and peace in Aceh. From this fact, it

28 Nation State: Journal of International Studies P ISSN 2620-391X Vol. 3 No. 1 | Juni 2020 E ISSN 2621-735X ______Utilizing Aceh Image as the type coffee. Meanwhile, Aceh, World's Best Coffee Producer as a together with Sumatra Utara, is leading Paradiplomacy Instrument the Arabica coffee production centre Food (coffee) reflects its role in in Indonesia. Given the fertile soil, the human relations, various aspects of life two regions are overgrown with such as social, economic, political, diverse coffee vegetation, and the mental, nutritional, and moral are most famous of which is Kopi Gayo influenced by food. This is because which is the pride of the Acehnese food is a widespread social people. phenomenon, it cannot be approached This coffee has crossed the by one discipline. (Fregulia, 2019). The country to get the title as one of the same thing was also expressed by world's best coffee. This is evidenced Intentilia (2020) where he stated that by the achievement of Fair Trade coffee is one of the commodities used CertifiedTM from the organization of by the government to promote culture International Fair Trade and entered as abroad, while at the same time this the world's best coffee nomination at trading product has potential value to the International Conference on support the country's economy. Coffee Science in the same year. Not Therefore, it cannot be denied that only that, but Kopi Gayo also has the coffee is a very valuable capital in highest selling price at the world coffee supporting the economic sustainability exhibition held by the Specialty Coffee of the government. Association of America (SCAA) In particular, Aceh has the organization at the Portland Oregon privilege of being a region with high- Convention Center, . The quality coffee commodities in the eyes famous Kopi Gayo certainly cannot be of the world. Based on data released by separated from its distinctive taste, has the International Coffee Organization balanced acidity with a level of (2019), Indonesia is ranked as the thickness that tends to be mild. fourth largest coffee producing Talking about instrument of country in the world after , paradiplomacy, one thing that cannot Vietnam and . Aceh as part be missed is the fact that Aceh is the of Indonesia contributed about best coffee producer in the world. Of 10.27% in 2017, the third-largest after course this can be used as an South Sumatra and Lampung (Badan ingredient in exploring international Pusat Statistik, 2017). cooperation with other coffee- Most coffee commodities in producing provinces abroad. Based on Indonesia are dominated by Robusta- the results of an interview with Mr.

29 Nation State: Journal of International Studies P ISSN 2620-391X Vol. 3 No. 1 | Juni 2020 E ISSN 2621-735X ______Junaidi, a staff at BAINPROM, he practice paradiplomacy. Thus, Aceh explained that up to now the mainstay must also have the power to conduct of cooperation between the province diplomacy and strengthen its of Aceh and abroad is in the coffee bargaining position with other sector (Risky. N (Interviewer) & provinces abroad. Junaidi (interviewee). (2016) ). So, To conclude, Aceh Province has coffee has been used by the Aceh several powers as capital in the practice government in an effort to build of paradiplomacy, including Disaster relations of foreign cooperation, so it of Tsunami/Disaster Mitigation seems that the government Expert, Ex-Conflict Areas/Conflict understands the importance of coffee Resolution Expert, and World's best as an important instrument in the coffee producer. These three soft practice of paradiplomacy. power are not a limitation for Aceh province. Aceh has a lot of other CONCLUSION forces such as regions that implement In the era of globalization, the Islamic law, Halal tourism areas, and local government must be able to take so on. By practising paradiplomacy advantage of all forms of opportunity and using existing soft power to develop its territory. They cannot diplomacy, the province of Aceh can just rely on assistance from the central become an advanced region in the government. Through the practice of future, like Catalunya, which is one of paradiplomacy, Aceh government is the regions in the world that is very able to establish cooperation with successful in the field of other provincial governments abroad paradiplomacy. in accordance with Law Number 11 of 2006 concerning the Government of REFERENCES Aceh. Moreover, to carry out a practice Badan Pusat Statistik. (2017) Statistik Kopi of paradiplomacy, it is need to have Indonesia 2017 (Online). Available at: capital so that it can be used in https://www.bps.go.id/publication/20 18/12 diplomacy (soft-power diplomacy), /20/71e7ada61b13e59be0b1bf80/statis and Aceh is provinces that have the tik-kopi-indonesia-2017.html authority and has a lot of capital in (Accessed: 20 December 2018). diplomacy. Berridge, G. R. (2015) Diplomacy: Theory and Practice. London: Palgrave Macmillan. Under Constitution of 2006 on DPMPTSP. (2017) Perkembangan Realisasi the Aceh government, it gave a Investasi Aceh Tahun 2010-2017 (Online). considerable amount of authority for Available at: https://dpmptsp.acehprov.go.id/id/inf the Aceh provincial government to

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