Bruce Golding (Orette Brucegolding)

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Bruce Golding (Orette Brucegolding) Bruce Golding (Orette BruceGolding) Jamaica, Primer ministro (2007-2011) Duración del mandato: September 11, 2007 - , Nacimiento: parroquia de Clarendon, December 05, 1947 Partido político: Partido Laborista de Jamaica (JLP) ResumenEn Jamaica, las elecciones generales de septiembre 2007 pusieron término a 18 años de dominio del Partido Nacional del Pueblo (PNP), últimamente dirigido por Portia Simpson Miller, y sacaron de la oposición a la otra formación mayoritaria, de orientaciones conservadoras, que conforma esta democracia parlamentaria bipartidista, el Partido Laborista (JLP). Su líder desde 2005, Bruce Golding, se convirtió en el noveno primer ministro de la mayor isla caribeña anglófona impulsado por su promesa de obtener mejores resultados en la lucha contra la pobreza, la corrupción y la criminalidad vinculada al tráfico de drogas. (Texto actualizado hasta enero 2008) http://www.cidob.org 1 of 3 Biografía 1. Una vida política en las filas del JLP 2. Líder del partido y primer ministro de Jamaica 1. Una vida política en las filas del JLP Hijo de maestros de escuela, sus instrucciones primaria y secundaria discurrieron en diversos centros de la posesión colonial británica, que en 1962 accedió a la independencia ocupando el Gobierno el Partido Laborista de Jamaica (JLP), fuerza mayoritaria de signo conservador liderada por Alexander Bustamante. En 1966, una vez superado el examen advanced level en el Jamaica College de Kingston, fue admitido en la Universidad West Indies (UWI), donde en 1969 terminó la diplomatura en Economía, quedando facultado para integrarse en las plantillas profesionales de la administración pública del joven Estado caribeño. Más que su formación académica, fue su potente caché político, adquirido precozmente en las filas del JLP, el que le abrió las puertas de la alta función institucional. Desde la infancia secundó a su padre, Tacius Golding, miembro de la Cámara de Representantes por la circunscripción de West Saint Catherine desde 1949 y últimamente presidente del órgano legislativo, en sus campañas electorales e intervenciones parlamentarias. Ya en 1968, ostentando la jefatura del Gobierno y el liderazgo del JLP Hugh Shearer, el joven fue elegido por el partido vicepresidente de su sección electoral en West Saint Catherine y el entonces ministro de Finanzas y Planificación, Edward Seaga, le nombró miembro de la junta directiva de la Comisión Nacional de Loterías. En 1969, nada más licenciarse en la UWI, Golding se integró en el Ejecutivo Central del JLP, al año siguiente puso en marcha la sección juvenil del partido, Jamaica Joven, y en las elecciones generales del 29 de febrero de 1972, a la sazón ganadas por el izquierdista Partido Nacional del Pueblo (PNP) de Michael Manley, se hizo con el escaño que dejaba disponible su jubilado padre, convirtiéndose, con 24 años, en el más joven parlamentario de la historia del país. La fulgurante ascensión política del economista, todavía veinteañero, escribió su siguiente capítulo en 1974, cuando el partido le seleccionó para desempeñar la secretaría general, al tiempo que Seaga tomaba el relevo a Shearer en el liderazgo. En las elecciones del 15 de diciembre de 1976, celebradas en un clima de violencia política gangsteril sin precedentes, Golding perdió el escaño, pero a cambio fue nombrado para el Senado. Como resultado de la aplastante victoria laborista en los siguientes comicios, los del 30 de octubre de 1980, Seaga fue investido primer ministro y reclutó a su protegido para el Gabinete, donde le otorgó la cartera de Construcción. Las votaciones del 15 de diciembre de 1983, en las que el JLP copó todos los escaños gracias al boicot del PNP, devolvieron al ministro a la política representativa desde el escaño de South Central Saint Catherine, circunscripción luego transformada en Central Saint Catherine. En 1984 reemplazó a Ronald Irvine en la presidencia orgánica del partido y hasta 1985, en tanto que responsable del área en el Gobierno de su país, estuvo al frente de la Comisión de las Naciones Unidas para los Asentamientos Humanos. El movimiento pendular de la democracia jamaicana mandó de nuevo al JLP a la oposición en las elecciones del 9 de febrero de 1989. Golding cesó en el Ejecutivo y en los seis años siguientes desarrolló su actividad política en la institución legislativa, donde fungió de portavoz de Finanzas en el shadow cabinet laborista y presidente del Comité de Cuentas Públicas de la Cámara. El 30 de marzo de 1993 Golding fue reelegido en su escaño con un mayor volumen de votos, siendo uno de los siete candidatos de su formación que resistieron el empuje arrollador de los archirrivales oficialistas, ahora comandados por el primer ministro Percival Patterson. Sin embargo, su preocupación por las crónicas deficiencias de la democracia parlamentaria, lastrada por el sectarismo político, la corrupción y los comportamientos mafiosos de que hacían gala tanto el PNP como el JLP, le empujaron en 1995 a dar un portazo a su formación http://www.cidob.org 2 of 3 de toda la vida y a poner en marcha, junto con otros disidentes y personalidades de la sociedad civil deseosos de propiciar una profunda reforma política en Jamaica, el Movimiento Democrático Nacional (NDM), del que se erigió en presidente. La experiencia del NDM, incapaz de meter representantes en el Parlamento, resultó frustrante para Golding, que en 2001 renunció a la presidencia de la formación y anuncio su retirada de la política. En abril de 2002 hizo una incursión en el periodismo radiofónico como presentador de un programa de entrevistas y variedades, cuyos altos niveles de audiencia le convirtieron rápidamente en una figura extremadamente popular. En septiembre de 2002 su inesperado estrellato mediático animó a Golding a regresar a las filas del JLP, que, tras tres derrotas electorales consecutivas le recibió con los brazos abiertos. Entonces, Seaga accedió a firmar con su antiguo crítico un memorándum de entendimiento por el que los laboristas, de retornar al Gobierno, acometerían reformas destinadas acabar con la corrupción y el "tribalismo" políticos. En las elecciones celebradas días después, el 16 de octubre, el PNP volvió a ganar, si bien el JLP ascendió hasta el 48% del voto y los 26 escaños, una recuperación que fue achacada al impacto positivo de la reconciliación entre Golding y Seaga. 2. Líder del partido y primer ministro de Jamaica En la nueva legislatura, Golding fue nombrado por los suyos senador y shadow minister de Asuntos Exteriores y Comercio Exterior. En noviembre de 2003 fue promovido a presidente del JLP. En enero de 2005 Seaga, a los 74 años, puso término a más de tres décadas de liderazgo y el 20 de febrero siguiente, luego de abandonar su aspiración su único rival, Pearnel Charles, Golding fue proclamado por la 62 Conferencia Anual laborista nuevo líder del partido. Dos meses después, el 13 de abril, Golding se hizo en una elección parcial con el escaño de diputado por West Kingston, dejado vacante por Seaga, y el 21 del mismo mes comenzó a ejercer oficialmente como líder de la oposición al Gobierno de Patterson. El pobre balance de realizaciones del Gobierno de la sucesora de Patterson en marzo de 2006, Portia Simpson Miller, quien vio evaporarse su elevada popularidad en cuestión de meses, puso en bandeja la victoria de Golding y los laboristas en las elecciones generales del 3 de septiembre de 2007, aunque por la mínima: con el 50,1% de los votos frente al 49,8% de los nacionales (sólo 3.000 papeletas de diferencia), el JLP ponía término a una larga travesía opositora sostenido en una mayoría parlamentaria de 33 escaños sobre 60. El 11 de septiembre de 2007 Golding prestó juramento como primer ministro ante el gobernador general Kenneth Hall (representante de la reina de Inglaterra en tanto que jefa nominal de este Estado miembro de la Commonwealth). En su discurso de asunción, Golding prometió trabajar a fondo en aquellos frentes donde según él, y en opinión también de la mayoría de la población, el anterior gobierno, o no había hecho lo suficiente o había fracasado estrepitosamente: se trataba de la triple lucha contra la pobreza, la corrupción y, sobre todo, la delincuencia común y el crimen organizado centrado en el narcotráfico. En los primeros 100 días de gestión, aseguró, su Gobierno demostraría su "voluntad política" para eliminar las tres lacras. La estrategia del JLP para poner coto a la violencia, concentrada en los ghettos urbanos y con escasa incidencia en el turismo, pasaba por dotar de más medios a las fuerzas de seguridad, modernizar el sistema judicial y endurecer la penalización de los delitos. Ahora bien, el flamante gobernante llamó a atender las "causas sociales" de la criminalidad, de manera que el Ejecutivo no descuidaría la creación de empleo y la mejora de los servicios sociales en las áreas más problemáticas. El primer ministro jamaicano está casado con Lorna Golding y es padre de tres hijos. (Cobertura informativa hasta 1/1/2008) http://www.cidob.org 3 of 3.
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