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Qatar University College of Engineering Concentrated Solar Power Plant for Key Locations in Doha Qatar by Mutaz Bargas Elbeh A

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Qatar University College of Engineering Concentrated Solar Power Plant for Key Locations in Doha Qatar by Mutaz Bargas Elbeh A QATAR UNIVERSITY COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING CONCENTRATED SOLAR POWER PLANT FOR KEY LOCATIONS IN DOHA QATAR BY MUTAZ BARGAS ELBEH A Thesis Submitted to the Faculty of the College of Engineering in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Masters of Science in Mechanical Engineering June 2017 © 2017 Mutaz Bargas Elbeh. All Rights Reserved. COMMITTEE PAGE The members of the Committee approve the Thesis of Mutaz Bargas Elbeh defended on 18/05/2017. Dr. Ahmad Khalaf Sleiti Thesis/Dissertation Supervisor Approved: Khalifa Al-Khalifa, Dean, College of Engineering ii ABSTRACT ELBEH, MUTAZ,BARGAS, Masters: June: 2017, Masters of Science in Mechanical Engineering Title: Concentrated Solar Power Plant for Key Locations in Doha Qatar Supervisor of Thesis: Dr. Ahmad Sleiti. One of the pillars of the Qatar National Vision 2030 is the protection and preservation of the environment by decreasing the dependency on hydrocarbon resources and promoting the use and development of renewable energy sources. Moreover, Qatar is located within the sun belt region of the world which receives abundant solar radiation. Thus, solar renewable energy technologies and concentrating solar power (CSP) has a good potential for producing green energy in Qatar. In this thesis, a CSP power tower plant located in Al-Safliya island is designed to power Al-Jasra and Msheireb down town Doha city zones. These two key locations in Doha are with high electricity demand potential. One of the most famous Souqs in Qatar, Souq Waqif, is in Al-Jasra zone. The suggested location of the CSP plant offers a site that is less than 10 km in distance from the targeted zones which means less transmission losses and transmission route cost. Moreover, the location is very near from Hamad International Airport and it can be easily seen during the departures and arrivals flights. The study is based on an actual electrical consumption of more than 600 shops of the Souq measured on year 2014 and 2015. In the CSP iii technology side, the four main technologies are studied with more focus on the solar tower technology. The main components of this technology are reviewed as well. As a part of the literature review, a data base for all the CSP projects around the world is made and a Microsoft Excel model for calculating the available solar irradiance in any location of the world is prepared. Two softwares are used in this project, SolarPILOT and System Advisor Model (SAM). Both softwares are validated with a recent power tower project. The result of the study is a CSP project with more than 0.45 km2 of a solar field area with 2736 heliostats that produces 8 MWe with 10 hours of thermal storage with hybrid steam condensing system. The water that is required for the plant operation is extracted and desalinated from the surrounded sea using a water treatment system based on a reverse osmosis system. The total electrical production of the plant is found to be 37,904,830 kWh with excess of electrical energy of 28,845,986 kWh, after subtracting the consumption of Souq Waqif. The total system installed cost is found to be $ 84,069,896. It is broken down as total direct capital cost of $ 73,395,696 and total indirect cost of $ 10,674,192. The estimated total installed cost per net capacity is found to be $11,120/kW. Finally, one of the main future recommendations is to build an immediate solar and weather station in the state to measures the actual three solar components of the available solar irradiance on both horizontal and dual axes tracking surface. iv DEDICATION I dedicate this work to my father and to my mother who have given me valuable and precious time and effort and were the cause of what I am now. v ACKNOWLEDGMENTS I would like to first thank Allah and my parents. Then, I would like to record my thanks to our college for giving me the opportunity to submit my thesis and to my supervisor, Dr. Ahmad Sleiti, who lead me throughout this thesis. After that, I would like to thank KAHRAMAA for the information I got about the electrical consumption of Souq Waqif. Finally, I would like to thank my friends for their continuous support and specially Eng. Sami Iyad Hasiba and Eng. Mohamed Ahmed Taha for their assistance. vi TABLE OF CONTENTS ABSTRACT ....................................................................................................................... iii DEDICATION .................................................................................................................... v ACKNOWLEDGMENTS ................................................................................................. vi 1 INTRODUCTION ....................................................................................................... 1 1.1 Introduction and Motivation................................................................................. 1 1.2 Qatar’s energy status ............................................................................................ 2 1.3 Objectives ............................................................................................................. 5 1.4 Thesis overview and scope of work ..................................................................... 6 2 INTRODUCTION TO CONCENTRAED SOLAR POWER ..................................... 8 2.1 General ................................................................................................................. 8 2.2 CSP Technologies types ..................................................................................... 10 2.2.1 Parabolic trough .......................................................................................... 11 2.2.2 Linear fresnel .............................................................................................. 12 2.2.3 Central receiver or solar tower .................................................................... 13 2.2.4 Parabolic dish .............................................................................................. 14 2.3 Main Components .............................................................................................. 15 2.3.1 Solar collector/ reflector ............................................................................. 15 2.3.2 Solar receiver .............................................................................................. 20 2.3.3 Heat transfer fluids ...................................................................................... 38 2.3.4 Thermal energy storage............................................................................... 43 2.3.5 Power cycle ................................................................................................. 47 3 LITERATURE REVIEW .......................................................................................... 49 3.1 CSP plants information ...................................................................................... 49 3.1.1 Compiled information about CSP plants .................................................... 50 3.2 Annual solar to electricity efficiency ................................................................. 60 3.3 Software packages .............................................................................................. 62 vii 4 WORK DESCRIPTION ............................................................................................ 65 4.1 Solar Insolation Model ....................................................................................... 65 4.1.1 Model’s equations ....................................................................................... 66 4.1.2 Model interface ........................................................................................... 81 4.1.3 Model validation ......................................................................................... 96 4.2 Software packages validation ............................................................................. 98 4.2.1 Crescent Dunes Solar Energy Project overview ......................................... 99 4.2.2 SolarPILOT validation .............................................................................. 103 4.2.3 SAM validation ......................................................................................... 127 4.3 Considerations for the electrical demand in key locations in Doha ................. 151 4.4 Considerations for plant location selection ...................................................... 154 4.5 Considerations for desalination process ........................................................... 157 4.6 Considerations for heliostats cleaning.............................................................. 159 4.7 Considerations of water demand for running CSP plant .................................. 162 4.8 Considerations of maintenance activities for CSP plant .................................. 163 4.9 Considerations of CO2 reduction of a CSP plant ............................................. 164 5 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION .............................................................................. 165 5.1 Weather file of the selected location ................................................................ 165 5.2 SolarPILOT result ............................................................................................ 167 5.2.1 Parameters optimization............................................................................ 167 5.2.2 Parameter optimization summary ............................................................. 175 5.3 SAM result ......................................................................................................
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