DOCSLIB.ORG

7%. , 6.6., 4.82%Ry Attoaaveys April 16, 1968 J

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text

Load more

April 16, 1968 J. E. HODGSON 3,377,955 COATED TABLETS AND OTHER FUEL CORES OF EXOTIC REACTIVE FUELS AND METHOD OF MAKING SAME Filed June 7, 196l. 3. Sheets-Sheet l % d WZ72g x Š / $1 A3 INVENTOR. 4. /AAMAS A. A/OA6SOAV BY 7%. , 6.6., 4.82%ry ATTOAAVEYs April 16, 1968 J. E. HODGSON 3,377,955 COATED TABLETS AND OTHER FUE CORES OF EXOTIC REACTIVE FUELS AND METHOD OF MAKING SAME - Filed June 7, 196l 3. Sheets-Sheet, 2 INVENTOR. a 77OAAVA YS April 16, 1968 J. E. HOOGSON 3,377,955 COATED TABLETS AND OTHER FUEL CORES OF EXOTIC REACTIVE FUELS AND METHOD OF MAKING SAME Filed June 7, 196 5 Sheets-Sheet 3 INVENTOR. ua W.A.S. A. A/Old GSOAV %. 6.4.4.4, A 77aaa/AFYS 3,377,955 United States Patent Office Patented Apr. 16, 1968 1. 2 3,377,955 It is an object of the present invention to provide a COATED TABLETS AND OTHER FUEL CORES OF phamaceutical size tablet comprising a core of metal-con EXOTIC REACTIVE FUELS AND METHOD OF taining fuel particles and an outer continuous film jacket MAKHNG SAME for said core less reactive with oxidizing materials than James E. Hodgson, Newport Beach, Calif., assignor to Said fuel particles to allow said fuel particles to be in The Solid Fuels Corporation, Cleveland, Ohio, a cor co!porated in a large solid propellant rocket composition poration of Ohio without deterioration and reaction thereof. Continuation-in-part of applications Ser. No. 850,387, It is an object to provide a solid propellant charge for Nov. 2, 1959, and Ser. No. 862,692, Dec. 29, 1959. a rocket engine which is capable of delivering high This application June 7, 1961, Ser. No. 115,504 IO amounts of energy for thrust and which comprises oxi 15 Claims. (CI. 102-102) dizer particles and a plurality of small coated fuel slugs The present application is a continuation-in-part of ap Such as tablets, discs and rods in a combustible binder for plication Ser. No. 850,387 filed Nov. 2, 1959, now Patent the slugs and the oxidizer particles. No. 3,159,104 and Ser. No. 862,692 filed Dec. 29, 1959, It is an object of the present invention to provide a now Patent No. 3,158,994. method of coating pharmaceutical size tablets comprising The present invention is directed to coated exotic fuel the steps of mixing a plurality of metal-containing fuel cores such as tablets of pressed metal-containing fuel par particles, mixing said particles together to form a tablet, ticles and to a method of making the same. and coating said tablet with a continuous film that is less It has not been possible to utilize otherwise desirable reactive than said particles with oxidizing materials to high energy delivering light metal hydride particles in 20 prevent said fuel particles from detonating when mixed large Solid fuel rocket propellant compositions since the into a rocket composition and stored near oxidizing ma metal hydrides have always been used in a finely divided terials. form for good dispersion in the composition and, in that It is an object of the present invention to provide a form, were also highly reactive and unstable in storage, method of treating exotic metal-containing fuel particles particularly when mixed with unstable oxidizer radicals. 25 for safe incorporation in large rocket compositions com As is well known in the art, the exotic metal hydride par prising the steps of mixing a plurality of metal-containing ticles will react prematurely with moisture and oxidizer fuel particles, pressing said particles together to form a particles and burn to detonation. Also, the known propel tablet, and coating said tablet with an organic resin or an lant binders cannot incorporate enough oxidizer and light aluminum coating. - metal hydride particles for a substantial improvement in 30 Other objects will be apparent from the specification the amount of energy delivered without suffering serious that follows, the appended claims and the drawings in drawbacks in their physical properties such as lack of which: binding power including uneven burning or even detona FIG. 1 is a diagrammatic view of a large solid-propel tion caused by the development of cracks in the composi lant rocket being loaded with fuel made in accordance tion. with the present invention with parts being broken away In the present invention, even ordinary highly danger and shown in section; ous fuel particles such as lithium hydride or explosives FIG. 2 is a perspective view of a coated pharmaceutical such as R.D.X. or liquids such as tetranitromethane can size tablet of exotic metal-containing fuel particles with be safely incorporated and stored in very large solid a portion thereof shown in section; rocket propellant compositions by pressing exotic reac 40 FIG. 3 is a perspective view of a coated fuel tablet tive metal-containing fuel particles such as lithium hy such as shown in FIG. 2; dride together to form a pharmaceutical-size tablet and F.G. 4 is an enlarged sectional view of a solid propel then coating the tablet with a material less reactive with lant illustrating the use of coated fuel tablets in a con oxidizing materials than the fuel particles such as pow ventional oxidizer-binder propellant composition accord dered aluminum or an organic resin such as an epoxy 45 ing to the present invention; resin. The pressing and coating of reactive fuel particles FIG. 5 is a perspective view, partly in section, of one to a volume of about 1/1190 to about 8 cubic inches, as form of a coated fuel slug in which exotic metal-contain hereinafter described in detail, allows the fuel particles ing fuel particles are encased in a thin-walled hollow plas to be added safely to large propellant compositions, even tic tube; those containing substantial amounts of oxidizers. 50 FIG. 6 is an elevational sectional view showing exotic Therefore, it is an object of the present invention to fuel particles encased between two thin organic resin provide a coated tablet of about pharmaceutical tablet sheets: size of exotic metal-containing fuel particles such as lith ium hydride so that the lithium hydride can be safely in FIG. 7 is a perspective view of an uncoated fuel tablet corporated in large rocket propellant compositions for of compacted exotic fuel particles with a portion broken improved burning performance. 55 away and shown in section; It is an object of the present invention to provide a FIG. 8 is a perspective view of a coated fuel slug in the method of making a coated tablet of about pharmaceutical form of a thin wafer; tablet-size of exotic metal-containing fuel particles such as FIG. 9 is a sectional view of a mesh structure made of lithium hydride or a tablet of reactive liquid such as hy 60 hollow plastic tubing filled with metal-containing fuel par drazine so that the exotic metal hydride fuel particles or ticles for use as reinforcing material in solid rocket pro reactive liquids can be safely incorporated even in large pellants; rocket compositions to provide improved burning per FIG. 10 is an elevational sectional view of a solid pro formance. pellant charge illustrating the use of coated and encased 3,377,955 3. 4. rods of exotic metal hydride particles as reinforcers for oxidizer particles of 10 to 400 mesh and 10 to 50 parts by the propellant charge; weight of a rubbery binder such as a copolymer of styrene FIG. 11 is a diagrammatic view of a process of mak and butadiene and a polysulphide rubber in amounts of ing coated wires of lithium aluminum hydride and lithium about 2 up to as high as 45 or 50 parts by weight per hydride particles with parts broken away and shown in 100 parts of the oxidizer/binder. While amounts of 2 to section; 3 parts provide increased thrust safely, 15 to 35 parts are FIG. 12 is a diagrammatic view of a process of encap greatly preferred for increased burning performance with sulating discs of exotic metal particles within the two out overtaxing the capacity of the binder to incorporate resin foils to provide a coated fuel slug to enable a large both the oxidizer particles and the coated fuel tablets. amount of the exotic metal to be added to a solid rocket Likewise, in most cases 25 to 30 parts by weight pro propellant charge; vide the best results for the medium to large rockets FIG. 13 is a perspective view of a coated spherical those having a diameter over 2 feet and a length over tablet of exotic metal-containing fuel particles with a 15 feet to a diameter of 5 feet and a length of 60 feet or portion thereof shown in section; Oe FIG. 14 is a sectional view of an end burning propellant 5 A preferred composition for a large rocket would be illustrating the use of liquid fuel and oxidizers encased as follows: within plastic tubes, the liquid-filled tubes being rein TABLE I forcers for the propellant; and, Ingredients: Parts by wt. FIG. 15 illustrates the packaging of coated liquid or Oxidizer particles (such as ammonium per solid oxidizer and solid fuels within a light metal can, the 20 chlorate, lithium perchlorate) ------------ 60-80 can being an excellent method of loading large propellant Rubbery binder (such as a copolymer of 50-85 boosters with high-energy delivering materials. parts butadiene and 15 to 50 parts by weight The present invention provides, as best seen in a pre of styrene) ---------------------------- 20-40 ferred embodiment shown in FIGS.
Recommended publications

  • Densifying Metal Hydrides with High Temperature and Pressure

    3,784,682 United States Patent Office Patented Jan. 8, 1974 feet the true density. That is, by this method only theo- 3,784,682 retical or near theoretical densities can be obtained by DENSIFYING METAL HYDRIDES WITH HIGH making the material quite free from porosity (p. 354). TEMPERATURE AND PRESSURE The true density remains the same. Leonard M. NiebylsM, Birmingham, Mich., assignor to Ethyl Corporation, Richmond, Va. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION No Drawing. Continuation-in-part of abandoned applica- tion Ser. No. 392,370, Aug. 24, 1964. This application The process of this invention provides a practical Apr. 9,1968, Ser. No. 721,135 method of increasing the true density of hydrides of Int. CI. COlb 6/00, 6/06 metals of Groups II-A, II-B, III-A and III-B of the U.S. CI. 423—645 8 Claims Periodic Table. More specifically, true densities of said 10 metal hydrides may be substantially increased by subject- ing a hydride to superatmospheric pressures at or above ABSTRACT OF THE DISCLOSURE fusion temperatures. When beryllium hydride is subjected A method of increasing the density of a hydride of a to this process, a material having a density of at least metal of Groups II-A, II-B, III-A and III-B of the 0.69 g./cc. is obtained. It may or may not be crystalline. Periodic Table which comprises subjecting a hydride to 15 a pressure of from about 50,000 p.s.i. to about 900,000 DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED p.s.i. at or above the fusion temperature of the hydride; EMBODIMENT i.e., between about 65° C.
  • Global Minimum Beryllium Hydride Sheet with Novel Negative Poisson's Ratio: first-Principles Cite This: RSC Adv.,2018,8, 19432 Calculations

    Global Minimum Beryllium Hydride Sheet with Novel Negative Poisson's Ratio: first-Principles Cite This: RSC Adv.,2018,8, 19432 Calculations

    RSC Advances View Article Online PAPER View Journal | View Issue Global minimum beryllium hydride sheet with novel negative Poisson's ratio: first-principles Cite this: RSC Adv.,2018,8, 19432 calculations Feng Li, *ab Urs Aeberhard,b Hong Wu,a Man Qiaoc and Yafei Li *c As one of the most prominent metal-hydrides, beryllium hydride has received much attention over the past several decades, since 1978, and is considered as an important hydrogen storage material. By reducing the dimensionality from 3 to 2, the beryllium hydride monolayer is isoelectronic with graphene; thus the existence of its two-dimensional (2D) form is theoretically feasible and experimentally expected. However, little is known about its 2D form. In this work, by a global minimum search with the particle swarm optimization method via density functional theory computations, we predicted two new stable structures for the beryllium hydride sheets, named a–BeH2 and b–BeH2 monolayers. Both structures have more favorable thermodynamic stability than the recently reported planar square form (Nanoscale, Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 3.0 Unported Licence. 2017, 9, 8740), due to the forming of multicenter delocalized Be–H bonds. Utilizing the recently developed SSAdNDP method, we revealed that three-center-two-electron (3c–2e) delocalized Be–H bonds are formed in the a–BeH2 monolayer, while for the b–BeH2 monolayer, novel four-center-two- electron (4c–2e) delocalized bonds are observed in the 2D system for the first time. These unique multicenter chemical bonds endow both a– and b–BeH2 with high structural stabilities, which are further confirmed by the absence of imaginary modes in their phonon spectra, the favorable formation energies comparable to bulk and cluster beryllium hydride, and the high mechanical strength.
  • Lithium Hydride Powered PEM Fuel Cells for Long-Duration Small Mobile Robotic Missions

    Lithium Hydride Powered PEM Fuel Cells for Long-Duration Small Mobile Robotic Missions

    Lithium Hydride Powered PEM Fuel Cells for Long-Duration Small Mobile Robotic Missions Jekanthan Thangavelautham, Daniel Strawser, Mei Yi Cheung Steven Dubowsky Abstract— This paper reports on a study to develop power supplies for small mobile robots performing long duration missions. It investigates the use of fuel cells to achieve this objective, and in particular Proton Exchange Membrane (PEM) fuel cells. It is shown through a representative case study that, in theory, fuel cell based power supplies will provide much longer range than the best current rechargeable battery technology. It also briefly discusses an important limitation that prevents fuel cells from achieving their ideal performance, namely a practical method to store their fuel (hydrogen) in a form that is compatible with small mobile field robots. A very efficient Fig. 1. Example of small robots (Left) A ball shaped hopping robot concept fuel storage concept based on water activated lithium hydride for exploration of extreme terrains and caves developed for NASA. (Right) (LiH) is proposed that releases hydrogen on demand. This iRobot 110 Firstlook used for observation, security and search and rescue. concept is very attractive because water vapor from the air is passively extracted or waste water from the fuel cell is recycled and transferred to the lithium hydride where the hydrogen is the near future. Hence, new means for powering field robots “stripped” from water and is returned to the fuel cell to form more water. This results in higher hydrogen storage efficiencies need to be considered. than conventional storage methods. Experimental results are This paper explores the use of fuel cells, and in particular presented that demonstrate the effectiveness of the approach.
  • Global Minimum Beryllium Hydride Sheet with Novel Negative Poisson's Ratio: first-Principles Cite This: RSC Adv.,2018,8, 19432 Calculations

    Global Minimum Beryllium Hydride Sheet with Novel Negative Poisson's Ratio: first-Principles Cite This: RSC Adv.,2018,8, 19432 Calculations

    RSC Advances View Article Online PAPER View Journal | View Issue Global minimum beryllium hydride sheet with novel negative Poisson's ratio: first-principles Cite this: RSC Adv.,2018,8, 19432 calculations Feng Li, *ab Urs Aeberhard,b Hong Wu,a Man Qiaoc and Yafei Li *c As one of the most prominent metal-hydrides, beryllium hydride has received much attention over the past several decades, since 1978, and is considered as an important hydrogen storage material. By reducing the dimensionality from 3 to 2, the beryllium hydride monolayer is isoelectronic with graphene; thus the existence of its two-dimensional (2D) form is theoretically feasible and experimentally expected. However, little is known about its 2D form. In this work, by a global minimum search with the particle swarm optimization method via density functional theory computations, we predicted two new stable structures for the beryllium hydride sheets, named a–BeH2 and b–BeH2 monolayers. Both structures have more favorable thermodynamic stability than the recently reported planar square form (Nanoscale, Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 3.0 Unported Licence. 2017, 9, 8740), due to the forming of multicenter delocalized Be–H bonds. Utilizing the recently developed SSAdNDP method, we revealed that three-center-two-electron (3c–2e) delocalized Be–H bonds are formed in the a–BeH2 monolayer, while for the b–BeH2 monolayer, novel four-center-two- electron (4c–2e) delocalized bonds are observed in the 2D system for the first time. These unique multicenter chemical bonds endow both a– and b–BeH2 with high structural stabilities, which are further confirmed by the absence of imaginary modes in their phonon spectra, the favorable formation energies comparable to bulk and cluster beryllium hydride, and the high mechanical strength.
  • Boron- and Nitrogen-Based Chemical Hydrogen Storage Materials

    Boron- and Nitrogen-Based Chemical Hydrogen Storage Materials

    international journal of hydrogen energy 34 (2009) 2303–2311 Available at www.sciencedirect.com journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/he Review Boron- and nitrogen-based chemical hydrogen storage materials Tetsuo Umegaki, Jun-Min Yan, Xin-Bo Zhang, Hiroshi Shioyama, Nobuhiro Kuriyama, Qiang Xu* National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), 1-8-31 Midorigaoka, Ikeda, Osaka 563-8577, Japan article info abstract Article history: Boron- and nitrogen-based chemical hydrides are expected to be potential hydrogen Received 20 November 2008 carriers for PEM fuel cells because of their high hydrogen contents. Significant efforts have Accepted 4 January 2009 been devoted to decrease their dehydrogenation and hydrogenation temperatures and Available online 4 February 2009 enhance the reaction kinetics. This article presents an overview of the boron- and nitrogen-based compounds as hydrogen storage materials. Keywords: ª 2009 International Association for Hydrogen Energy. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights Boron-based chemical hydrides reserved. Nitrogen-based chemical hydrides Hydrogen storage Dehydrogenation Hydrogenation Ammonia borane 1. Introduction in operating the system at high temperature poses an obstacle to its practical application. Chemical hydrogen Hydrogen is a globally accepted clean fuel. The use of storage materials, due to their high hydrogen contents, are hydrogen fuel cells in portable electronic devices or vehicles expected as potential hydrogen sources for fuel cells. Among requires lightweight
  • Operation Permit Application

    Operation Permit Application

    Un; iy^\ tea 0 9 o Operation Permit Application Located at: 2002 North Orient Road Tampa, Florida 33619 (813) 623-5302 o Training Program TRAINING PROGRAM for Universal Waste & Transit Orient Road Tampa, Florida m ^^^^ HAZARDOUS WAb 1 P.ER^AlTTlNG TRAINING PROGRAM MASTER INDEX CHAPTER 1: Introduction Tab A CHAPTER 2: General Safety Manual Tab B CHAPTER 3: Protective Clothing Guide Tab C CHAPTER 4: Respiratory Training Program Tab D APPENDIX 1: Respiratory Training Program II Tab E CHAPTER 5: Basic Emergency Training Guide Tab F CHAPTER 6: Facility Operations Manual Tab G CHAPTER 7: Land Ban Certificates Tab H CHAPTER 8: Employee Certification Statement Tab. I CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION prepared by Universal Waste & Transit Orient Road Tampa Florida Introducti on STORAGE/TREATMENT PERSONNEL TRAINING PROGRAM All personnel involved in any handling, transportation, storage or treatment of hazardous wastes are required to start the enclosed training program within one-week after the initiation of employment at Universal Waste & Transit. This training program includes the following: Safety Equipment Personnel Protective Equipment First Aid & CPR Waste Handling Procedures Release Prevention & Response Decontamination Procedures Facility Operations Facility Maintenance Transportation Requirements Recordkeeping We highly recommend that all personnel involved in the handling, transportation, storage or treatment of hazardous wastes actively pursue additional technical courses at either the University of South Florida, or Tampa Junior College. Recommended courses would include general chemistry; analytical chemistry; environmental chemistry; toxicology; and additional safety and health related topics. Universal Waste & Transit will pay all registration, tuition and book fees for any courses which are job related. The only requirement is the successful completion of that course.
  • Common Name: LITHIUM ALUMINUM HYDRIDE HAZARD

    Common Name: LITHIUM ALUMINUM HYDRIDE HAZARD

    Common Name: LITHIUM ALUMINUM HYDRIDE CAS Number: 16853-85-3 RTK Substance number: 1121 DOT Number: UN 1410 Date: April 1986 Revision: November 1999 ----------------------------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------------------------------------------------- HAZARD SUMMARY * Lithium Aluminum Hydride can affect you when * Exposure to hazardous substances should be routinely breathed in. evaluated. This may include collecting personal and area * Contact can cause severe skin and eye irritation and burns. air samples. You can obtain copies of sampling results * Breathing Lithium Aluminum Hydride can irritate the from your employer. You have a legal right to this nose and throat. information under OSHA 1910.1020. * Breathing Lithium Aluminum Hydride can irritate the * If you think you are experiencing any work-related health lungs causing coughing and/or shortness of breath. Higher problems, see a doctor trained to recognize occupational exposures can cause a build-up of fluid in the lungs diseases. Take this Fact Sheet with you. (pulmonary edema), a medical emergency, with severe shortness of breath. WORKPLACE EXPOSURE LIMITS * Exposure can cause loss of appetite, nausea, vomiting, The following exposure limits are for Aluminum pyro powders diarrhea and abdominal pain. (measured as Aluminum): * Lithium Aluminum Hydride can cause headache, muscle weakness, loss of coordination, confusion, seizures and NIOSH: The recommended airborne exposure limit is coma. 5 mg/m3 averaged over a 10-hour workshift. * High exposure can affect the thyroid gland function resulting in an enlarged thyroid (goiter). ACGIH: The recommended airborne exposure limit is * Lithium Aluminum Hydride may damage the kidneys. 5 mg/m3 averaged over an 8-hour workshift. * Lithium Aluminum Hydride is a REACTIVE CHEMICAL and an EXPLOSION HAZARD.
  • A Passive Lithium Hydride Based Hydrogen Generator for Low Power Fuel Cells for Long-Duration Sensor Networks

    A Passive Lithium Hydride Based Hydrogen Generator for Low Power Fuel Cells for Long-Duration Sensor Networks

    international journal of hydrogen energy 39 (2014) 10216e10229 Available online at www.sciencedirect.com ScienceDirect journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/he A passive lithium hydride based hydrogen generator for low power fuel cells for long-duration sensor networks D. Strawser, J. Thangavelautham*, S. Dubowsky Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA article info abstract Article history: This paper focuses on developing an efficient fuel storage and release method for hydrogen Received 7 November 2013 using lithium hydride hydrolysis for use in PEM fuel cells for low power sensor network Received in revised form modules over long durations. Lithium hydride has high hydrogen storage density and 2 April 2014 achieves up to 95e100% yield. It is shown to extract water vapor freely from the air to Accepted 17 April 2014 generate hydrogen and has a theoretical fuel specific energy of up to 4900 Wh/kg. A critical Available online 23 May 2014 challenge is how to package lithium hydride to achieve reaction completion. Experiments here show that thick layers of lithium hydride nearly chokes the reaction due to buildup of Keywords: lithium hydroxide impeding water transport and preventing reaction completion. A model Hydrogen generator has been developed that describes this lithium hydride hydrolysis behavior. The model Lithium hydride accurately predicts the performance of an experimental system than ran for 1400 h and PEM consists of a passive lithium hydride hydrogen generator and PEM fuel cells. These results Sensor networks power supply offer important design guidelines to enable reaction completion and build long-duration Hydrolysis lithium hydride hydrogen generators for low power applications.
  • A New Look at Lithium Hydride Chemical Biosensors Measure Brain Activity Recovering Infrastructure After a Biological Attack About the Cover

    A New Look at Lithium Hydride Chemical Biosensors Measure Brain Activity Recovering Infrastructure After a Biological Attack About the Cover

    Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory October/November 2016 Also in this issue: A New Look at Lithium Hydride Chemical Biosensors Measure Brain Activity Recovering Infrastructure after a Biological Attack About the Cover Through a historic partnership between the Department of Energy (DOE) and the National Cancer Institute (NCI), Lawrence Livermore is applying its expertise in high-performance computing (HPC) to advance cancer research and treatment. As the article beginning on p. 4 describes, the Laboratory plays a crucial role in the partnership’s three pilot programs. In particular, Livermore experts are working in collaboration with NCI and other DOE labroatories to develop more advanced algorithms for improving predictive models, computational tools for better understanding cancer intiation, and data analytics techniques to search for patterns in vast amounts of patient data. The cover art combines an artist’s rendering of circulating tumor cells in the blood of a cancer patient with computer circuitry (representing HPC) in the background. Cover design: Amy E. Henke E. Amy design: Cover About S&TR At Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, we focus on science and technology research to ensure our nation’s security. We also apply that expertise to solve other important national problems in energy, bioscience, and the environment. Science & Technology Review is published eight times a year to communicate, to a broad audience, the Laboratory’s scientific and technological accomplishments in fulfilling its primary missions. The publication’s goal is to help readers understand these accomplishments and appreciate their value to the individual citizen, the nation, and the world. The Laboratory is operated by Lawrence Livermore National Security, LLC (LLNS), for the Department of Energy’s National Nuclear Security Administration.
  • Lithium Aluminium Hydride.Pdf

    Lithium Aluminium Hydride.Pdf

    SIGMA-ALDRICH sigma-aldrich.com Material Safety Data Sheet Version 5.0 Revision Date 03/12/2011 Print Date 09/12/2011 1. PRODUCT AND COMPANY IDENTIFICATION Product name : Aluminium lithium hydride Product Number : 531502 Brand : Aldrich Supplier : Sigma-Aldrich 3050 Spruce Street SAINT LOUIS MO 63103 USA Telephone : +1 800-325-5832 Fax : +1 800-325-5052 Emergency Phone # (For : (314) 776-6555 both supplier and manufacturer) Preparation Information : Sigma-Aldrich Corporation Product Safety - Americas Region 1-800-521-8956 2. HAZARDS IDENTIFICATION Emergency Overview OSHA Hazards Water Reactive, Target Organ Effect, Toxic by ingestion, Corrosive Target Organs Kidney, Liver, Central nervous system GHS Classification Substances, which in contact with water, emit flammable gases (Category 1) Acute toxicity, Oral (Category 3) Skin corrosion (Category 1B) Serious eye damage (Category 1) GHS Label elements, including precautionary statements Pictogram Signal word Danger Hazard statement(s) H260 In contact with water releases flammable gases which may ignite spontaneously. H301 Toxic if swallowed. H314 Causes severe skin burns and eye damage. Precautionary statement(s) P223 Keep away from any possible contact with water, because of violent reaction and possible flash fire. P231 + P232 Handle under inert gas. Protect from moisture. P280 Wear protective gloves/ protective clothing/ eye protection/ face protection. P305 + P351 + P338 IF IN EYES: Rinse cautiously with water for several minutes. Remove contact lenses, if present and easy to do. Continue rinsing. P310 Immediately call a POISON CENTER or doctor/ physician. P370 + P378 In case of fire: Use dry sand, dry chemical or alcohol-resistant foam for extinction. P422 Store contents under inert gas.
  • Shriver & Atkins Problems for Chapter 9

    Shriver & Atkins Problems for Chapter 9

    Molecular Modeling Problems Chapter 9 1. Lithium Aluminum Hydride and Sodium Borohydride. Among the most important sources of hydride anion as a reducing agent are lithium aluminum hydride (LiAlH4, commonly referred to as LAH) and sodium borohydride (NaBH4). Are these molecules better represented as weak complexes between LIH and AlH3 and between NaH and BH3, + - + - respectively, or as ion pairs, LI AlH4 and Na BH4 , or are they somewhere in between? To decide, guess a structure for each (don’t impose symmetry) and starting from this structure, obtain an equilibrium geometry and infrared spectrum. Use the B3LYP/6-31G* model. You may wish to start with more than one guess geometry for each, in which case use the one that leads to the lowest total energy. Compare geometries of your structures - - with those of the possible neutral and ionic fragments (LiH, AlH3, AlH4 , BH3 and BH4 ) to you decide the “best” description. 2. Zero-Point Energy and Bond Dissociation Energy. The energy obtained from a quantum chemical calculation refers to a molecule “resting” at the bottom of a potential energy surface. The “measured” energy (enthalpy) refers to a molecule residing in the lowest vibrational level. The difference is referred to as the zero-point energy and is proportional to the sum of all the vibrational frequencies. Zero-point energy largely cancels in many types of chemical reactions, but does not cancel in bond dissociation reactions. Explain why for the specific case of bond dissociation of a diatomic molecule. Use the B3LYP/6-31G* model to calculate XH bond dissociation energies in hydrogen molecule, lithium hydride, methane, ammonia, water and hydrogen fluoride.
  • Thermal Decomposition of Some Group I, II, and III Metal Alkyls

    Thermal Decomposition of Some Group I, II, and III Metal Alkyls

    * ~.py219 RME56L18 .-.—. RESEARCH MEMORANDUM THERMAL DECOMPOSITION OF SOME GROUP I, H, AND 111 METAL ALKYLS By Louis Ros enblum Lewis Flight Propulsion Laboratory Cleveland, Ohio Lkssi#i(:.””2!i Ci.l?c.[td((IiCA”.fli-dc’[a,...u.h&l&.ss.\E$.&.&....) ‘3;:.~l%. NRS(-3%ZA PA ihbma-z=..w L-.FFI:LR AI.I:I+GR!?ED10 CI{ANGC) )(2.....Jyka,..lii... ...... By ....... .,. ....... ..-,-. ,..,2 w< ............................. ‘-.”.”G~~DE””aFof;ic~RMAKING.......cI-IMtG~).......................... )+m*61CLwmEDmCmENT .. ... .. .. ... ... .. .. .. .. ‘rbIamateti Contdnslnf014MMH.mcmngthaNauOnalDefenseof tlmUllltadSta!eaW-lthbtb UlnaII@ of tb espionageMm, lltle M, U.& C., &a. ‘7S3 d ‘794, tlM tmumlsaion or remlalim d wMch in my —r to an uautbrwd pmon Is pmbliitad b lnw. NATtONAL ADVISORY COMMITTEE FOR AERONAUTICS WASHINGTON February 15, 1957 TECH LIBRARYKAFB,NM Illllllllllllllllllllllllllllllilllll NACA RM E56L18 OM’=123 NATIONAL ADVISORY COMMJ3?TEEFOR AERONAUTICS RXE!JMRCHMEMORANDUM THERMAL DECOMPOSITIONOF SOMEGROW 1, II, AND III MEI!KLJKJCYCS BY Louis Rosenblum SUMMARY A mechanism is presented for the thermal decomposition of sodium, lithium, beryU.ium, magnesium, aluminum, and boron al&yls and for the reverse reaction, the addition of olefins to metal.hydrides. These re- actions are shown to be nonradical and to probably proceed through a cyclic intermediate. Calculations have been made of the free energies, heats, entropies, and activation energies of reaction for the decomposi- tion of some boron and aluminum alkyls. Decomposition both by the non- radical path and a radical path were considered for purposes of compari- son. The nonradical decomposition at 298° to 400° K (25° to 127° C) is not spontaneous, while a rafical deco~osition is.