Observations on the Biology of Afrotropical Hesperiidae (Lepidoptera) Principally from Kenya

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Observations on the Biology of Afrotropical Hesperiidae (Lepidoptera) Principally from Kenya

Zootaxa 3438: 1–42 (2012) ISSN 1175-5326 (print edition) www.mapress.com/zootaxa/ ZOOTAXA Copyright © 2012 · Magnolia Press Article ISSN 1175-5334 (online edition) Observations on the biology of Afrotropical Hesperiidae (Lepidoptera) principally from Kenya. Part 4. Hesperiinae: Aeromachini and Baorini MATTHEW J. W. COCK1 & T. COLIN E. CONGDON2 1 C/o CABI, Bakeham Lane, Egham, TW20 9TY, UK (e-mail: [email protected]; [email protected]) 2 African Butterfly Research Institute (ABRI), P.O. Box 14308, Nairobi, Kenya Table of contents INTRODUCTION . 2 HESPERIINAE Latreille, 1809 . 2 AEROMACHINI Tutt, 1906 . 3 Ampittia Moore, 1881 (in Moore 1880–1882) . 3 Ampittia capenas Hewitson, 1869 (Figures 1–3). 3 Ampittia kilombero Larsen & Congdon, 2012 (Figures 4–5) . 4 BAORINI Doherty, 1886 . 6 Brusa Evans, 1937 . 6 Zenonia Evans, 1935 (in Carpenter 1935) . 6 Zenonia zeno Trimen, 1864 (Figures 6–9) . 7 Pelopidas Walker, 1870 . 11 Pelopidas mathias mathias Fabricius, 1798 (Figures 10–11). 11 Pelopidas thrax Hübner, 1821 (in Hübner [1819–1826]) (Figure 12) . 16 Borbo Evans, 1949 . 18 Borbo borbonica borbonica Boisduval, 1833 (Figures 13–16) . 18 Borbo fatuellus fatuellus Hopffer, 1855 (Figures 17–18). 21 Borbo lugens Hopffer, 1855 (Figures 19–23). 24 Notes on other Borbo spp. 27 Discussion. 30 Parnara Moore, 1881 (in Moore 1880–1881) . 30 Parnara monasi Trimen, 1889 . 31 Gegenes Hübner, 1819 (in Hübner [1819–1826]) . 31 Gegenes niso brevicornis Plötz, 1884 (Figures 25–29) . 31 Notes on other Gegenes spp.. 35 DISCUSSION . 36 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS . 37 REFERENCES . 38 Abstract Partial life histories for two Afrotropical Aeromachini and seven Afrotropical Baorini (Hesperiidae: Hesperiinae) are described and illustrated: Ampittia capenas (Hewitson), A. kilombero Larsen & Congdon, Zenonia zeno (Trimen), Pelopidas mathias mathias (Fabricius), P. t h ra x (Hübner), Borbo borbonica borbonica (Boisduval), B. fatuellus fatuellus (Hopffer), B. lugens (Hopffer) and Gegenes niso brevicornis (Plötz). Distinctive features of the pupa of Ampittia spp. (Aeromachini) are noted. Amongst Baorini, the pupae of Pelopidas spp., Borbo spp., Gegenes spp. and Zenonia spp. are all similar, being elongate, green, with a frontal spike, while the pupae of Parnara spp. are brown, rounded, and have no frontal spike. We hypothesise that the pupae of the first four genera reflect a common need for camouflage in an open or partially open shelter made from a single leaf of grass, while the pupa of Parnara spp. are formed in a closed shelter using several leaves as needed. This may also explain the similarity of the camouflaged pupae to those of many other genera in other tribes, which also feed on grasses, palms etc., and pupate in partially or completely open situations. Key words: Ampittia, Zenonia, Pelopidas, Borbo, Parnara, Gegenes, food plant, life history, leaf shelter, parasitoid. Accepted by Carlos Prieto: 2 Jul. 2012; published: 24 Aug. 2012 1.

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Title Lorem Ipsum Dolor Sit Amet, Consectetur Adipiscing Elit
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