Gou, Zaiyong, Ph.D

Order Number 9411950 Scientific visualization and exploratory data analysis of a large spatial flow dataset Gou, Zaiyong, Ph.D. The Ohio State University, 1993 U M I 300 N. Zeeb Rd. Ann Arbor, MI 48106 SCIENTIFIC VISUALIZATION AND EXPLORATORY DATA ANALYSIS OF A LARGE SPATIAL FLOW DATASET DISSERTATION Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirement for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the Graduate School of The Ohio Stale University By Zaiyong Gou, B.S., M.A. $ * + $ * The Ohio State University 1993 Dissertation Committee: Approved by Duane F. Marble Morton E. O’Kelly 7 Duane F. Marble Randy W. Jackson Department of Geography DEDICATION To My Parents ACKNOWLEDGEMENT Of my thirteen years of being a geographer, the last four years under the supervision of Prof. Duane F. Marble at The Ohio State University has been the most exciting and most memorable. His wisdom and profound academic insight showed me what geography as an extraordinarily difficult discipline should be and could be. He is always the person who stands very high and sees very far, exploring the most challenging frontiers of geography relentlessly. As my academic adviser, his unfailing encouragement, guidance, patience and professional courtesy have always been my inspiration to work more creatively and more enthusiastically. He leads us to a high intellectual plateau and offers us the unlimited freedom to face the challenges and to pursue academic excellence. I am always grateful for the paths and opportunities you have pointed out to me. My gratitude also goes to Prof. Edward J. Taaffe, Prof. Morton E. O’Kelly and Prof. Randy Jackson for their support, comments and effort during my dissertation research. I would also like to thank my fellow students, Qin Tang, Demin Xiong, Yong Lao and Lin Liu, with whom I had numerous interesting discussions in the daily gathering and great recreational time in almost every Friday night. Thank you, guys. Finally I want to express my gratitude to my wife, Guangmin, for her uncondition al understanding and support of my work and for keeping me fantastically fed and cared. VITA August 14, 1963 ......................................... Bom - Sichuan Province, P.R. China. 1984 ............................................................. B.S. in Geography at Peking University, Beijing, China. 1988 ............................................................. M.A. in Geography at the University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada. 1989 ............................................................. Teaching assistant in the Dept, of Geogra phy, The Ohio State University. FIELDS OF STUDY Major Field: Geography TABLE OF CONTENT PAGE D ED IC A TIO N .................................................................................................................... ii ACKNOWLEDGEMENT........................................... iii VITA ...................................................................................................................................... iv LIST OF FIGURES .......................................................................................................... ix CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION .......................................................................................................... 1 Dealing With Massive Flow Data ....................................................................... 1 Research Context .................................................................................................... 4 Visualization and Exploration of Massive Flow Data ....................................... 5 SV, EDA and Dynamic Graphics as a Powerful Research Tool to Flow Data ...................................................................................... 5 Approaches to the Problem of Massive Flow D ata .............................. 8 Implementation ........................................................................................................ 9 Dissertation Organization ....................................................................................... 10 II LITERATURE REVIEW .......................................................................................... 12 Scientific Visualization ..... 12 Scientific Visualization and Cartographic Communication................ 13 Scientific Visualization of Spatial D ata ................................................. 16 Exploratory Data Analysis ........................................ ...................................... 21 Dynamic Graphics for Spatial Data Analysis .................................................... 24 Identification ................................................................................... 25 D eletion ....................................................................................................... 26 Linking ...................................... 26 Scaling ......................................................................................................... 26 Rotation ................................................................................................. 28 Scatterplot Brushing ................................................................................... 28 v Selected Dynamic Graphics Systems for SV and ED A .................. 33 Early System: PRIM-9.............................................................................. 33 ORION I ...................................................................................................... 36 SPIDER: Spatial Interaction Data Explorer .................... 37 M acSpin ....................................................................................................... 38 Conclusion . .... ................................ ............... 40 Combining SV, EDA and Dynamic Graphics for Analyzing a Large, Complex Flow Dataset ........................................................ 40 Computer Cartographic Techniques of Mapping Spatial Flow D ata ............. 42 Using Lines to Represent Spatial Interaction........................................ 44 Constant Bandwidth with Variable Shadings in the Corridor 44 Vector Accumulation Program for Urban Transportation Pattern 46 Continuous Flow Model ........................................................................... 49 Experiments with Graphical Display Methods and Complexity Reduction ....................................................................... 51 A User-Friendly Package for Displaying and Analysis of Flow Data ....................................................................... 55 Interactive Graphics for Network Flow ........................................ 56 Summary................................................................................................................... 62 m AN APPROACH TO VISUALIZING AND EXPLORING SPATIAL FLOWS .......................................................................... 64 Building a Dynamic, Exploratory Visualization Environment ....................... 65 System Requirements ............................................................................................. 67 Visualization Techniques ....................................................................................... 70 Interactive Visual Flow Information Extraction .................................. 70 Three Cartographic Representations of Flows ...................................... 71 Dynamic Threshold Setting ...................................................................... 74 Blink Comparison of Two Flow Images .............................................. 74 Double View .............................................................................................. 75 Visual Information Storage and Retrieval ............................................. 76 Region Collapsing ...................................................................................... 76 Forward and Backward Brushing: Mirror Imaging of Spatial and Aspatial Expressions .......................... 78 Identification of Outliers, Anomalies, Trends, Clusters of a Flow Dataset ...................................................................................... 83 Flow Pattern Identification and Searching ............................................. 84 Interactive Data Manipulation and Dynamic Choropleth Mapping ... 91 Animated Display ....................................................................................... 92 Consistent and Intuitive User Interface .................................................. 92 Conclusion ................................................................................................................ 93 vi IV SOFTWARE IMPLEMENTATION.................................................................... 94 Implementation Overview ................................................................................... 94 Implementation Considerations .......................................................................... 95 Hardware and Software Platform Considerations ............................... 96 Graphical User Interface Issue.............................................................. 100 Data Structure and Data Quality .......................................................... 102 Implementation Techniques .................................................................... 104 System Design and Structure .................................................................. 105 Implementation Results ...................................................................................... 108 Dynamic Choropleth Mapping and Interactive Data

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