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The Ruby Workshop The Ruby Workshop A New, Interactive Approach to Learning Ruby Akshat Paul Peter Philips Dániel Szabó Cheyne Wallace The Ruby Workshop Copyright © 2019 Packt Publishing All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, without the prior written permission of the publisher, except in the case of brief quotations embedded in critical articles or reviews. Every effort has been made in the preparation of this book to ensure the accuracy of the information presented. However, the information contained in this book is sold without warranty, either express or implied. Neither the authors, nor Packt Publishing, and its dealers and distributors will be held liable for any damages caused or alleged to be caused directly or indirectly by this book. Packt Publishing has endeavored to provide trademark information about all of the companies and products mentioned in this book by the appropriate use of capitals. However, Packt Publishing cannot guarantee the accuracy of this information. Authors: Akshat Paul, Peter Philips, Dániel Szabó, and Cheyne Wallace Technical Reviewers: Jonathan Evans, Jagdish Narayandasani, and Dixitkumar N. Patel Managing Editor: Snehal Tambe Acquisitions Editor: Alicia Wooding Production Editor: Samita Warang Editorial Board: Shubhopriya Banerjee, Bharat Botle, Ewan Buckingham, Megan Carlisle, Mahesh Dhyani, Manasa Kumar, Alex Mazonowicz, Bridget Neale, Dominic Pereira, Shiny Poojary, Abhishek Rane, Erol Staveley, Ankita Thakur, Nitesh Thakur, and Jonathan Wray First Published: October 2019 Production Reference: 3171219 ISBN: 978-1-83864-236-5 Published by Packt Publishing Ltd. Livery Place, 35 Livery Street Birmingham B3 2PB, UK Table of Contents Preface i Chapter 1: Writing and Running Ruby Programs 1 Introduction .................................................................................................... 2 Key Features of Ruby ........................................................................................... 2 Object-Oriented ...............................................................................................3 Interpreted Language .....................................................................................3 Duck Typing and Dynamic Typing ..................................................................4 Multi-paradigm Language ...............................................................................4 Reflection ..........................................................................................................5 Metaprogramming ...........................................................................................5 Interactive Ruby Shell (IRB) .......................................................................... 6 Exercise 1.01: Creating and Assigning Variables .............................................. 7 Exercise 1.02: Assigning a Variable of One Data Type to a Different Type ............................................................................................... 8 Exercise 1.03: Getting the Type of a Variable ................................................... 9 Getting the Details of the Public Methods of an Object ............................... 10 Running Ruby Code from Ruby Files ............................................................... 10 Exercise 1.04: Getting User Input in a Ruby Program ................................... 11 Standard Data Types ................................................................................... 12 Number ............................................................................................................... 12 Exercise 1.05: Performing Common Integer Operations .............................. 14 Exercise 1.06: Using Common Integer Methods to Perform Complex Arithmetic .......................................................................................................... 15 Floating-Point Numbers .................................................................................... 17 Exercise 1.07: Performing Common Operations for Floating-Point Numbers .............................................................................. 17 String ................................................................................................................... 19 Exercise 1.08: Using Common String Methods .............................................. 21 Exercise 1.09: Performing String Concatenation .......................................... 24 Exercise 1.10: Performing String Interpolation .............................................. 26 Exercise 1.11: Extracting and Searching a Substring from a String ............. 26 Exercise 1.12: Replacing Part of a String with Another String ...................... 27 Exercise 1.13: Replacing All the Values inside a String Using gsub .............. 28 Exercise 1.14: Splitting a String and Joining a String ..................................... 29 Activity 1.01: Generating Email Addresses Using Ruby ................................. 30 Boolean ............................................................................................................... 31 Activity 1.02: Calculating the Area and Perimeter of a Candy Manufacturing Plant ...................................................................... 32 Summary ....................................................................................................... 32 Chapter 2: Ruby Data Types and Operations 35 Introduction ................................................................................................. 36 Arrays ............................................................................................................ 36 Iterating Through an Array ............................................................................... 38 Operations on Arrays ........................................................................................ 42 Merging Two Arrays ...................................................................................... 42 Removing Occurrences of Similar Elements from an Array .................... 42 Inserting Elements into an Array at the End ............................................. 43 Finding the Last Element of an Array without Modifying It .................... 43 Finding the Last Element of an Array and Removing it ............................ 44 Exercise 2.01: Performing Simple Operations on Arrays .............................. 44 Creating an Array That Cannot Be Modified ............................................. 47 Finding All the Unique Elements in an Array ............................................. 47 Sorting the Elements of an Array ................................................................ 48 Finding the Number of Elements in an Array ............................................ 49 Establishing Whether an Element Exists in an Array (Case-Sensitive) ............................................................................ 49 Converting Elements of an Array into a String .......................................... 50 Exercise 2.02: Performing Complex Operations on Arrays ........................... 51 Hashes ........................................................................................................... 53 Operations on Hashes ....................................................................................... 58 Getting Values from the Hash .................................................................... 59 Sorting a Hash .............................................................................................. 59 Merging Hashes............................................................................................. 60 Retrieving Keys or Values from a Hash ...................................................... 61 Deleting a Value from a Hash by Key ......................................................... 61 Removing or Rejecting Elements from a Hash .......................................... 62 Establishing whether a Hash Contains a Particular Value ....................... 62 Exercise 2.03: Converting a Time String to a Hash ........................................ 63 Ruby Methods .............................................................................................. 64 Passing Arguments to a Method ...................................................................... 65 Ruby Methods with Default Values ................................................................. 65 Return Value(s) from Methods ......................................................................... 69 Naming Conventions for Methods ................................................................... 71 Activity 2.01: Dice Roller Program .................................................................... 72 Summary ....................................................................................................... 73 Chapter 3: Program Flow 75 Introduction .................................................................................................. 76 Boolean Operators ...................................................................................... 76 The AND Operator ........................................................................................ 77 The OR Operator ........................................................................................... 78 The NOT Operator ........................................................................................ 79 Truth Tables .......................................................................................................
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