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Policy Notes for the Trump Notes Administration the Washington Institute for Near East Policy ■ 2018 ■ Pn55
TRANSITION 2017 POLICYPOLICY NOTES FOR THE TRUMP NOTES ADMINISTRATION THE WASHINGTON INSTITUTE FOR NEAR EAST POLICY ■ 2018 ■ PN55 TUNISIAN FOREIGN FIGHTERS IN IRAQ AND SYRIA AARON Y. ZELIN Tunisia should really open its embassy in Raqqa, not Damascus. That’s where its people are. —ABU KHALED, AN ISLAMIC STATE SPY1 THE PAST FEW YEARS have seen rising interest in foreign fighting as a general phenomenon and in fighters joining jihadist groups in particular. Tunisians figure disproportionately among the foreign jihadist cohort, yet their ubiquity is somewhat confounding. Why Tunisians? This study aims to bring clarity to this question by examining Tunisia’s foreign fighter networks mobilized to Syria and Iraq since 2011, when insurgencies shook those two countries amid the broader Arab Spring uprisings. ©2018 THE WASHINGTON INSTITUTE FOR NEAR EAST POLICY. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. THE WASHINGTON INSTITUTE FOR NEAR EAST POLICY ■ NO. 30 ■ JANUARY 2017 AARON Y. ZELIN Along with seeking to determine what motivated Evolution of Tunisian Participation these individuals, it endeavors to reconcile estimated in the Iraq Jihad numbers of Tunisians who actually traveled, who were killed in theater, and who returned home. The find- Although the involvement of Tunisians in foreign jihad ings are based on a wide range of sources in multiple campaigns predates the 2003 Iraq war, that conflict languages as well as data sets created by the author inspired a new generation of recruits whose effects since 2011. Another way of framing the discussion will lasted into the aftermath of the Tunisian revolution. center on Tunisians who participated in the jihad fol- These individuals fought in groups such as Abu Musab lowing the 2003 U.S. -
Syria-Rising-Child-Abandonment
Syria: Rising Child Abandonment, Poverty is the Leading Cause www.stj-sy.org Syria: Rising Child Abandonment, Poverty is the Leading Cause 43 infants were reportedly found abandoned between the beginning of 2019’s second half and the end of the 2020’s first half Page | 2 Syria: Rising Child Abandonment, Poverty is the Leading Cause www.stj-sy.org Executive summary Child abandonment has risen in several areas of the province of Idlib and northern rural Aleppo, which are controlled by armed opposition groups. From the beginning of the second half of 2019 until 20 July 2020, STJ field researchers documented 43 child abandonment cases.1 The children, who were mostly newborns, were found dumped on street sides or near mosques or hospitals or in garbage dumps. Child abandonment became one of the phenomena that those areas are beset with. Never a month or two passes without a report of two or three cases of this kind. Worse still, the death of some of those children as a result of being found late or owing to extreme weather conditions. Poverty is the main reason which leads many Syrians to abandon their children, especially those in displacement camps, for not being able to meet expenses of supporting them. Marriage of minors is another reason for the spread of this phenomenon (STJ is preparing a detailed report on this issue). In Idlib, which is mainly controlled by Hayat Tahrir al-Sham (HTS), most of the abandoned children were fostered by families from the city, since adoption is abandoned in Islam. Accordingly, it is not allowed to register those children on the names of the families fostered them, in the civil records of Idlib, which adhere to the Islamic law. -
Of 6 WEEKLY CONFLICT SUMMARY 4 – 10 NOVEMBER 2019
WEEKLY CONFLICT SUMMARY | 4 - 10 NOVEMBER 2019 WHOLE OF SYRIA SUMMARY • NORTHWEST | Government of Syria (GoS) aerial activity increased in the Hayyat Tahrir ash Sham (HTS)-dominated northwest this week. Inside the de-escalation zone, 14 civilian demonstrations were held in reaction to HTS action in Kahr Takharim. In the Turkish-occupied areas of Aleppo Governorate, elevated levels of conflict continued, and local armed groups continued extortion and looting activities. • SOUTH & CENTRAL | ISIS-linked activity continued in southern Syria this week in addition to attacks against GoS-aligned personnel and former opposition members. Two improvised explosive devices (IED) struck the Damascus area, and two GoS-aligned personnel were assassinated in western Homs Governorate. • NORTHEAST | Advances from Turkish-led Operation Peace Spring slowed in the northeast of Syria this week. However, Turkish-backed Syrian opposition groups looted civilian property in newly seized areas. US and Russian military patrols continued in the northeast. Figure 1: Dominant actors’ areas of control and influence in Syria as of 10 November 2019. NSOAG stands for Non-state Organized Armed Groups. Also, please see the footnote on page 2. Page 1 of 6 WEEKLY CONFLICT SUMMARY 4 – 10 NOVEMBER 2019 NORTHWEST SYRIA1 GoS/Russian airstrikes increased in the Hayyat Tahrir al Sham (HTS)-dominated northwest with 124 events recorded in comparison to 50 events in the previous week. This is the first time the number of airstrikes have exceeded the incidents of shelling since late August. GoS continued shelling the de-escalation zone, with 103 events recorded (Figure 2). Nearly 65% (143) of GoS aerial and shelling this week focused on just seven sub-districts.2 The US State Department condemned the escalation in activity in a statement on 8 November, which also documented the impact on a school and hospital.3 Figure 2: GoS aerial activity (Blue) and shelling (Red) in Northwest Syria since August 2019. -
SITUATION REPORT Hawala Registration in Idleb Governorate
HUMANITARIAN ACCESS TEAM (HAT) SITUATION REPORT Hawala Registration in Idleb Governorate JUNE 15, 2017 Executive Summary Since mid-May 2017, Hay’at Tahrir Al-Sham has taken several noteworthy steps toward regulating the hawala sector in northwestern Syria. These actions could pose a significant challenge to international and local humanitarian organizations implementing projects in northwestern Syria due to potential donor-compliance issues related to Hay’at Tahrir Al-Sham. This report provides a brief overview of the hawala market in northwestern Syria, a summary of the steps that Hay’at Tahrir Al-Sham has recently taken to establish control over this sector, an analysis of the goals of Hay’at Tahrir Al-Sham recent actions, and an assessment of the immediate impact with respect to the hawala market. On May 9, Hay’at Tahrir Al-Sham attempted to formally regulate the hawala industry in Idleb by establishing a new governing body, the General Institution for Cash Management and Customer Protection, and demanding that hawalas in northwest Syria register and pay associated fees. Hay’at Tahrir Al-Sham’s attempt was initially unsuccessful; few hawala agents in northwestern Syria accepted Hay’at Tahrir Al-Sham’s new regulations. Subsequently, Hay’at Tahrir Al-Sham waived all fees, and as a compromise, hawala agents in Idleb governorate registered with Hay’at Tahrir Al- Sham. This regulatory initiative occurred shortly after multiple large-scale fluctuations in the USD-SYP exchange rate, the consequence of a substantial cash infusion into opposition-controlled Idleb in mid-April as a part of the Foah and Kefraya evacuation negotiations. -
Isis: the Political History of the Messianic Violent Non-State Actor in Syria
2016 T.C. YILDIRIM BEYAZIT UNIVERSITY INSTITUTE OF SOCIAL SCIENCES DISSERTATION ISIS: THE POLITICAL HISTORY OF THE MESSIANIC VIOLENT NON-STATE ACTOR IN SYRIA PhD Dissertation Ufuk Ulutaş Ufuk Ulutaş PhD INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS Ankara, 2016 ISIS: THE POLITICAL HISTORY OF THE MESSIANIC VIOLENT NON-STATE ACTOR IN SYRIA A THESIS SUBMITTED TO THE INSTITUTE OF SOCIAL SCIENCES OF YILDIRIM BEYAZIT UNIVERSITY BY UFUK ULUTAŞ IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILISOPHY IN THE DEPARTMENT OF INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS AUGUST 2016 2 Approval of the Institute of Social Sciences Yrd.Doç. SeyfullahYıldırım Manager of Institute I certify that this thesis satisfies all the requirements as a thesis for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy. Prof. Dr.Birol Akgün Head of Department This is to certify that we have read this thesis and that in our opinion it is fully adequate, in scope and quality, as a thesis for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy. Prof. Birol Akgün Prof. Muhittin Ataman Supervisor Co-Supervisor Examining CommitteeMembers Prof. Dr. Birol Akgün YBÜ, IR Prof. Dr. Muhittin Ataman YBÜ, IR Doç Dr. Mehmet Şahin Gazi, IR Prof. Dr. Erdal Karagöl YBÜ, Econ Dr. Nihat Ali Özcan TOBB, IR 3 I hereby declare that all information in this thesis has been obtained and presented in accordance with academic rules and ethical conduct. I also declare that, as required by these rules and conduct, I have fully cited and referenced all material and results that are not original to this work; otherwise I accept all legal responsibility. Ufuk Ulutaş i To my mom, ii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS There is a long list of people to thank who offered their invaluable assistance and insights on ISIS. -
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North West Syria Situation Report No. 5 27th February to 18th March Situation Overview • On 5th and 6th March UNICEF Executive the UN announced that the US will provide an Director, Ms. Henrietta Fore came on a mission additional US$ 108 million in humanitarian aid to Turkey and to the Cross-Border Operation for the people in Syria. from Gaziantep, as the last leg of her visit to the UNICEF Syria operation, advocating • Following months of escalations in hostilities for the rights of children of Syria. ED Fore’s and conflict in southern Idlib, southern and mission was accompanied by the Regional western Aleppo, the Governments of Turkey Directors of MENARO and ECARO, Mr. Ted and Russia reached a ceasefire agreement on Chaiban and Ms. Afshan Khan. During her visit, 5th March. The ceasefire as led to a significant ED Fore met with Government Officials from reduction of violence and hostilities on Turkey, humanitarian actors, the UN Deputy the ground. The agreement stipulated the Humanitarian Coordinator, and attended trans- establishment of a security corridor north and shipment operations from Turkey to North West south of the M4 highway. It further agreed Syria (NWS) from Bab Al Hawa. on joint Russian and Turkish patrols along the M4. The overall situation in Idlib and • On 3rd March, at the border with Syria, in surrounding areas remained relatively calm, Turkey, the UN Under-Secretary-General for limited and intermittent armed clashes between Humanitarian Affairs and Emergency Relief Government forces and Non-State Armed Coordinator Mark Lowcock provided a briefing Groups (NSAGs) have been reported in front on the latest developments in northwest Syria lines areas in eastern rural Idlib and western to a delegation from the United States including rural Aleppo. -
ALEPPO – Governorate Profile Turkey, and Cross-Border Trade Is Booming, Food Security Is One of the Main Problems Facing Aleppo’S Population
security and health as main priority sectors. Although the governorate borders ALEPPO – Governorate profile Turkey, and cross-border trade is booming, food security is one of the main problems facing Aleppo’s population. Access to food is very limited, primarily Syria Needs Analysis Project because prices are high and people have lost their main source of income. Widespread destruction of health infrastructure and a lack of supplies and staff March 2013 make access to appropriate care increasingly difficult. Some 99% of homes were connected to the electricity network before the start of the crisis but long power Content This document is the first Governorate cuts are now common and in some areas electricity has been unavailable for profile published by the Syria Needs Data sources months. This lack of power, together with the exodus of many Government Analysis Project (SNAP). The profile describes the current situation in Aleppo, Information gaps and limitations employees who run and maintain public services has impacted public services with regards to the conflict, the Governorate profile (pre-2011) (such as urban water supply; solid waste removal, health services). With the subsequent displacement situation and increase in temperatures, up to 23oC in April, WASH related concerns are the humanitarian needs, where available Conflict overview becoming more pressing, with communicable diseases such as Hepatitis A on the per district. The Syria Needs Analysis Project welcomes all information that Displacement rise. could complement this report. For Governorate profile (current) additional information, comments or questions please email Map - Severity of needs per sector [email protected]. The north-western governorate of Aleppo is home to around one fifth of Syria’s total population and experienced a large influx of IDPs as the crisis escalated in Dara’a, Hama, Homs and Idleb in 2011 and early 2012. -
QRCS Launches Emergency Response to Floods in Northern Syria
##Press Release## QRCS launches emergency response to floods in northern Syria December 31st, 2018 ― Doha: Qatar Red Crescent Society (QRCS) has responded to the heavy rain and subsequent floods in northern Syria, which affected thousands of internally displaced people (IDPs) in 22 camps across five towns of Idlib and Aleppo Governorates. The bad weather damaged 2,214 tents inhabited by 2,329 households in Atme, Sarmada, Deir Hassan, Al-Dana, and Al-Bab. In response, QRCS's representation mission in Gaziantep, Turkey, activated its disaster information center to manage the emergency response. It coordinates with United Nations agencies, as well as local and international relief providers, to monitor the movement of IDPs, evacuate the submerged camps, and secure transportation and shelter. So far, they have distributed 3,190 blankets to the IDPs in Idlib countryside, set up 200 tents at Atme IDP camps, deployed three mobile clinics to the IDP destinations, and participated in the UN cluster coordination meetings. Based on the needs assessment on the ground, a plan was developed to provide $750,000 worth of medical and relief aid for 6,100 households (30,500 persons, basically children) in Aleppo, Idlib, and Hama Governorates. The plan will cover food and nonfood items, water and sanitation, makeshift shelters, first aid supplies, mobile clinics, and medical equipment. These provisions are aimed at alleviating the suffering of IDPs, reduce the morbidity and mortality rates, meet the basic needs of IDPs, address the shortages in medical supplies at camp clinics, and help the municipalities and health authorities to contain the situation. Among the items to be distributed are mattresses, blankets, medicines, surgical consumables, and drinking water. -
SITE Intelligence Weekly Report HTS E S I S RI
SITE Intel Group – HTS News in SyriaSeptember – September 12-18, 12-18, 2018 2018 SITE Intelligence Weekly Report HTS NEWS IN SYRIA DONATION CAMPAIGN: SAMKEH, IDLIB: HTS Raises Money Operation Against IS for “Mujahideen” ELITE FORCES: Fighters Graduate in Idlib siteintelroupom1 SITE Intel Group – HTS News in Syria – September 12-18, 2018 Table of Contents HIGHLIGHTS: September 12-18, 2018 3 FEATURED ARTICLE 3 HTS Donation Campaign 3 HTS OPERATIONS 4 HTS Operations Against IS 4 Idlib 4 HTS MEDIA 5 Graduation of HTS Fighters 5 HTS-FNL Agreement 5 HTS Command Meeting 6 Maintaining Positions 6 Aleppo 6 Idlib 6 Demonstrations 7 Airstrikes 8 The following materials are for information purposes only and may not be copied, reproduced, or transmitted without the explicit permission of SITE Intelligence Group and specific attribution to SITE Intelligence Group. 2 SITE Intel Group – HTS News in Syria – September 12-18, 2018 HIGHLIGHTS: SEPTEMBER 12-18, 2018 FEATURED ARTICLE: HTS donation campaign in Idlib. HTS OPERATIONS: An operation against IS in eastern Idlib, four hostages freed. HTS MEDIA: Graduation of fighters in Idlib; HTS-FLN agreement; Command meeting; Maintenance of positions in Aleppo and Idlib; Friday protests in Idlib area. FEATURED ARTICLE HTS DONATION CAMPAIGN The past month, videos and reports of a “popular campaign to support the al-Murabatayn” dominated HTS Media. These have included local citizens participating in the fortification of HTS “military” points and Friday “mass demonstrations.” The reports present HTS and its “Salvation Government” as being supported by the local population. This week HTS continued the trend with similar reports including a donation campaign. -
Displacements from Northern Syria
Syria - Displacements from Northern Syria CCCM CLUSTER Humanitarian Purposes Only SUPPORTING DISPLACED IDP Locations - As of 31 December 2016 COMMUNITIES Production date : 17 January 2017 Gender and Age BULBUL Raju Shamarin RAJU Talil Elsham SHARAN Krum Zayzafun 23% Shmarekh - Ekdeh 31% Sharan Kafrshush Baraghideh Tatiyeh Jdideh Maarin A r-Ra'ee Salama Girls under 18 Nayara Ferziyeh Azaz Boys under 18 AR-RA'EE Niddeh Yahmul Men Sijraz A zaz Maabatli Suran A'ZAZ Jarez Women Suran MA'BTALI Kafr Kalbein 19% Maraanaz Turkman Bareh Al-Malikeyyeh SHEIKH Kaljibrin EL-HADID A frin Manaq AGHTRIN 27% Sheikh Afrin A khtrein El-Hadid Mare' Tall Refaat Mare' TALL REFAAT AFRIN Baselhaya Shelter Type Deir Jmal Kafr Naseh Kafrnaya Tal Refaat Living with host family Unknown JANDAIRIS Jandairis Camps MARE' Nabul AL BAB Home T U R K E Y Collective Center NABUL Tal Jbine Under trees Open areas Hayyan Atma Selwa Individual tents Qah Andan Haritan Rented houses Daret A zza TADAF Qabtan Unfinished houses or buildings Reyhanli Aqrabat Kafr Bssin Eljabal Other Tilaada DARET AZZA HARITAN Random gatherings Deir Babis Maaret Kafr Hamra Hassan - Hezreh Hur Elartiq Darhashan - Hezri Termanin Bshantara 0 50,000 100,000 150,000 200,000 250,000 300,000 350,000 DANA Anjara Foziyeh Dana Harim Bsartun Ein Elbikara Tlul Ras Elhisn Tqad Majbineh A leppo Antakya Kafr Hum Dana Aleppo Kafarna HARIM Hoteh Big Hir Kafr Mu Tuwama Jamus QOURQEENA Sarmada Um Elamad Tal Elkaramej Sahara EASTERN Besnaya Ariba Oweijel Alsafira - Bseineh Qalb Lozeh Htan Barisha Tadil JEBEL SAMAN KWAIRES -
Refugee Students in the Turkish Higher Education in the Light of the Syrian Conflict
Szent István University Doctoral School of Management and Business Administration Refugee students in the Turkish higher education in the light of the Syrian conflict Ph.D. dissertation Ahmet BARIŞÇIL Gödöllő, Hungary 2019 1 Szent István University Doctoral School of Management and Business Administration Name of Doctoral School: Doctoral School of Management and Business Administration Discipline: Management and Business Administration Sciences Head of School: Prof. Dr. Zoltán Lakner CSc, HAS Doctor Full Professor Faculty of Economics and Social Sciences Szent István University, Gödöllő, Hungary Supervisor(s): Prof. Dr. József Poór DSc, Full Professor Faculty of Economics and Social Sciences Department of Business Economics and Management Szent István University, Gödöllő, Hungary ……………………………………… ……………………………………….. Approval of Head of Doctoral School Approval of Supervisor 2 Table of Contents DEDICATION ................................................................................................................................ 6 LIST OF TABLES .......................................................................................................................... 7 LIST OF GRAPHS.......................................................................................................................... 8 1. INTRODUCTION ....................................................................................................................... 9 1. 1. Study Background .................................................................................................................. -
Safeguarding Healthcare Monthly News Brief – September 2018 Page 1
Safeguarding Healthcare September Monthly News Brief 2018 Attacks on healthcare Threats and violence affecting emergency care This monthly digest comprises Asia threats and violence as well as protests and other events Nepal affecting the delivery of and 22 September 2018: In Rajbiraj city, Saptari region, Sagarmatha access to healthcare. zone, the emergency ward of the Gajendranarayan Singh Sagarmatha Zonal Hospital was vandalized by locals who claimed It is prepared by Insecurity that doctors had pronounced dead a child who was still living. Insight from information Source: ACLED available in open sources. Middle-East and North Africa Libya All decisions made, on the 01 September 2018: In Tripoli, gunfire from an unidentified source basis of, or with consideration directly hit two ambulances whilst transporting the wounded from to, such information remains conflict areas south of the capital. Source: Alwasat the responsibility of their respective organisations. 20 September 2018: In Tripoli, unidentified armed perpetrators hijacked an ambulance of the Tripoli Field Hospital whilst it was on a humanitarian mission to evacuate a stranded family in a conflict Editorial team: zone. Source: Libya Herald Christina Wille, Laurence Gerhardt and Helen Buck Occupied Palestinian Territories Insecurity Insight 28 September 2018: In Gaza, along the border of Israel, four paramedics were attacked and hospitalized by Israeli forces during Research team: the 27th Friday of the Great Return March, along with over 200 James Naudi other Palestinians. Israeli forces claim their attacks on Insecurity Insight demonstrators were in response to grenades and Molotov cocktails being thrown. Source: ACLED Data from this report is now available on HDX.