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647136.Pdf (3.992Mb) TÜRKİYE CUMHURİYETİ ANKARA ÜNİVERSİTESİ SOSYAL BİLİMLER ENSTİTÜSÜ TARİH ANABİLİM DALI THE TIMES’A GÖRE (1920) TÜRKLER VE ERMENİLER Tezli Yüksek Lisans Tezi Zeynep DÖNMEZ Ankara, 2020 TÜRKİYE CUMHURİYETİ ANKARA ÜNİVERSİTESİ SOSYAL BİLİMLER ENSTİTÜSÜ TARİH ANABİLİM DALI THE TIMES’A GÖRE (1920) TÜRKLER VE ERMENİLER Tezli Yüksek Lisans Tezi Zeynep DÖNMEZ TEZ DANIŞMANI PROF. DR. HALDUN EROĞLU Ankara, 2020 TÜRKİYE CUMHURİYETİ ANKARA ÜNİVERSİTESİ SOSYAL BİLİMLER ENSTİTÜSÜ TARİH ANABİLİM DALI Zeynep DÖNMEZ THE TIMES’A GÖRE (1920) TÜRKLER VE ERMENİLER YÜKSEK LiSANS TEZİ Tez Danışmanı : Prof. Dr. Haldun EROĞLU Tez Jürisi Üyeleri Adı ve Soyadı İmza .................................................................... …………………………….. …………………………………………… …………………………….. …………………………………………… …………………………….. Tez Sınavı Tarihi: …………… TÜRKİYE CUMHURİYETİ ANKARA ÜNİVERSİTESİ SOSYAL BİLİMLER ENSTİTÜSÜ MÜDÜRLÜĞÜNE Bu belge ile bu tezdeki bütün bilgilerin akademik kurallara ve etik davranış ilkelerine uygun olarak toplanıp sunulduğunu beyan ederim. Bu kural ve ilkelerin gereği olarak, çalışmada bana ait olmayan tüm veri, düşünce ve sonuçları andığımı ve kaynağını gösterdiğimi ayrıca beyan ederim.(……/01/2020) Tezi Hazırlayan Öğrencinin Adı ve Soyadı Zeynep DÖNMEZ …………………………… İmzası İÇİNDEKİLER İÇİNDEKİLER ............................................................................................................... I TEŞEKKÜR .................................................................................................................. III KISALTMALAR .......................................................................................................... IV ÖNSÖZ ............................................................................................................................ V GİRİŞ ........................................................................................................................... VII BİRİNCİ BÖLÜM .......................................................................................................... 1 THE TIMES .................................................................................................................... 1 I.THE TIMES VE THE TIMES’IN PROPAGANDA YÖNTEMİ ............................ 1 A. The Times Gazetesi’nin Tarihçesi ........................................................................... 1 B. Propaganda Ve İngiltere .......................................................................................... 3 II. THE TIMES KAYNAKLI AKADEMİK ÇALIŞMALAR VE 1920 YILI HABERLERİNİN ANALİZİ ......................................................................................... 7 A.The Times’a İlişkin Akademik Çalışmaların Durumu ............................................. 7 B. The Times’ın 1920 Yılı Haberlerinin Değerlendirilmesi....................................... 10 İKİNCİ BÖLÜM .......................................................................................................... 12 THE TIMES’A GÖRE (1920) OSMANLI DEVLETİ .............................................. 12 I. 1920 YILINDA OSMANLI DEVLETİ’NDE GENEL DURUM .......................... 12 A. İstanbul’un Geleceği Hakkındaki Tartışmalar ....................................................... 14 A.1. Hindistan Faktörü ........................................................................................... 21 A.2. İstanbul’un Türklere Bırakılması Kararı ve Akabindeki Tepkiler ................. 26 A.3. İstanbul’un İşgali ............................................................................................ 44 ÜÇÜNCÜ BÖLÜM ....................................................................................................... 52 THE TIMES’A GÖRE (1920) SEVR'E GİDEN SÜREÇ ......................................... 52 I. 1918 İLE 1920 YILLARI ARASI DÖNEMDE SÖZDE BARIŞ GÖRÜŞMELERİ ........................................................................................................................................ 52 A. Sözde Barış Görüşmeleri ve İngiltere .................................................................... 55 B. Sözde Barış Görüşmeleri ve Amerika ................................................................... 62 C. Sözde Barış Görüşmeleri ve Osmanlı Devleti ....................................................... 72 D. I. Londra Konferansı (12 Şubat-10 Nisan) ............................................................ 75 E. San Remo Konferansı (18-26 Nisan 1920) ............................................................ 83 F. Sevr Antlaşması (10 Ağustos 1920) ....................................................................... 92 DÖRDÜNCÜ BÖLÜM ................................................................................................. 96 I THE TIMES’A GÖRE (1920) YILINDA ERMENİLER ......................................... 96 I. 1920 YILINDA ÇUKUROVA BÖLGESİ’NDE ERMENİLER ........................... 96 A. İtilâf Devletlerine Karşı Ermenilerin Protestoları................................................ 110 B. Çukurova’daki Olaylar Ve İstanbul Meselesi ...................................................... 112 C. Ermeni Din Adamlarının Faaliyetleri .................................................................. 116 D. Çukurova Olayları Ve Ermeni Propagandası ...................................................... 121 D. 1. Hikâye Ve Günlükler .................................................................................. 121 D. 2. Reklamlar ..................................................................................................... 126 E. Ermenilere Yardımlar........................................................................................... 134 BEŞİNCİ BÖLÜM ...................................................................................................... 141 THE TIMES’A GÖRE (1920) TÜRKLER- BOLŞEVİKLER – ERMENİLER .. 141 I. 1920 YILINDA KAFKASYA’DA GENEL DURUM .......................................... 141 A. Batum’un İngilizler Tarafından Boşaltılması ...................................................... 144 B.Rum ve Ermeni İttifakı ......................................................................................... 152 C. Ermenilerin Azerbaycan'daki Faaliyetleri ve Azerbaycan Türklerinin Tepkisi .. 155 II. BOLŞEVİKLERİN TÜRKLER VE ERMENİLERLE İLİŞKİLERİ .............. 162 A. Millî Mücadele Hareketi Ve Bolşevikler ............................................................. 164 B. Ermeniler Ve Bolşevikler .................................................................................... 175 C. Ermeni İşgaline Karşı Türk Direnişi .................................................................... 185 SONUÇ ........................................................................................................................ 194 KAYNAKÇA ............................................................................................................... 198 EKLER ........................................................................................................................ 210 EK-1. The Times'ın Türkleri ve Ermenileri Konu Ettiği Haberlerin Listesi (1920) ...................................................................................................................................... 210 EK-2. The Times'tan Örnek Haberler ...................................................................... 218 ÖZET ........................................................................................................................... 228 ABSTRACT ................................................................................................................ 229 II TEŞEKKÜR Çalışkanlığı ve birikimiyle kendisinden feyz aldığım, gerek ders gerekse tez döneminde beni yönlendiren, teşvik eden, tez yazım sürecimde karşılaştığım engelleri aşmamda benden esirgemediği anlayışı, güleryüzlülüğü ve zarif ilgisi için danışman Hocam Prof. Dr. Haldun Eroğlu’na, yüksek lisansa devam etmemde büyük katkıları olan Kıymetli Hocam Prof. Dr. Abdullah Gündoğdu’ya, beni derslerine kabul ederek engin bilgilerini içtenlikle paylaşan Kıymetli Hocam Prof. Dr Birsen Karaca’ya, tez yazım aşamasında bıkmadan beni dinleyen, sorunlarıma çözüm üreten, arkadaşlık etmekten kıvanç duyduğum Melike Kırilen ve Remziye Yılmaz’a, her zaman yanımda olduklarını hissettiren Canım Ailem’e çok teşekkür ederim. Naçizane bu çalışmamı, lisansüstü eğitimime devam etmemde bana sonsuz destek veren ve bu süreçte amansız bir hastalık sebebiyle ansızın kaybettiğim Canım Annem Şahzade Çiftci’ye ithaf ediyorum. Zeynep DÖNMEZ Ankara, 2020 III KISALTMALAR Kısaltma Açıklama Yay. Yayınları C. Cilt Çev. Çeviren ET Erişim Tarihi s. sayfa S. Sayı Haz. Hazırlayan İA İslâm Ansiklopedisi TDV Türkiye Diyanet Vakfı TTK Türk Tarih Kurum IV ÖNSÖZ “The Times’a Göre (1920) Türkler Ve Ermeniler” başlıklı yüksek lisans tez çalışmamızda The Times gazetesinin 1920 yılında Türkler ve Ermenileri konu ettiği haberler ele alınmaktadır. The Times gazetesinin “İngiltere’nin sözcülüğünü” üstlenerek propaganda faaliyetlerinde bulunması, Türkiye’nin yakın tarihi açısından 1920 yılında kayda değer birçok gelişmenin meydana gelmesi ve tarih alanında daha önce yapılmış olan The Times kaynaklı lisansüstü tezlerin varlığı, çalışmanın söz konusu gazete üzerine yapılmasında belirleyici olmuştur. Çalışmanın amacı, İngiltere’nin propaganda çalışmalarıyla ortaya koyduğu dönemin İngiltere’sinde hâkim olan “Türk algısını,” İngiliz politikasının adeta aynası sayılabilecek The Times gazetesi vasıtasıyla incelemektir. The Times’ın ulaşılabilir geniş arşiv
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