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Keyboard Playing and the Mechanization of Polyphony in Italian Music, Circa 1600
Keyboard Playing and the Mechanization of Polyphony in Italian Music, Circa 1600 By Leon Chisholm A dissertation submitted in partial satisfaction of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Music in the Graduate Division of the University of California, Berkeley Committee in charge: Professor Kate van Orden, Co-Chair Professor James Q. Davies, Co-Chair Professor Mary Ann Smart Professor Massimo Mazzotti Summer 2015 Keyboard Playing and the Mechanization of Polyphony in Italian Music, Circa 1600 Copyright 2015 by Leon Chisholm Abstract Keyboard Playing and the Mechanization of Polyphony in Italian Music, Circa 1600 by Leon Chisholm Doctor of Philosophy in Music University of California, Berkeley Professor Kate van Orden, Co-Chair Professor James Q. Davies, Co-Chair Keyboard instruments are ubiquitous in the history of European music. Despite the centrality of keyboards to everyday music making, their influence over the ways in which musicians have conceptualized music and, consequently, the music that they have created has received little attention. This dissertation explores how keyboard playing fits into revolutionary developments in music around 1600 – a period which roughly coincided with the emergence of the keyboard as the multipurpose instrument that has served musicians ever since. During the sixteenth century, keyboard playing became an increasingly common mode of experiencing polyphonic music, challenging the longstanding status of ensemble singing as the paradigmatic vehicle for the art of counterpoint – and ultimately replacing it in the eighteenth century. The competing paradigms differed radically: whereas ensemble singing comprised a group of musicians using their bodies as instruments, keyboard playing involved a lone musician operating a machine with her hands. -
3. Monody and Opera
Monody & Opera Florence Grand Duchy of Florence Italian Peninsula Monody & Opera FLORENCE Monody & Opera The CAMERATA Monody & Opera The CAMERATA Giovanni de’ BARDI, patron Jacopo CORSI, patron Girolamo MEI, historian Vincenzo GALILEI, musician Monody & Opera Polyphony = “Many Voices” Monody = “One Voice” Monody & Opera Reaction Against the Madrigal… The Madrigal The most important secular genre of the sixteenth century The Madrigal Composers enriched the meaning and impact of the text through musical setting. The genre became an experimental vehicle for dramatic characterization, inspiring new compositional devices. The Madrigal First Practice “Music is the mistress of the Text” Second Practice “The Text is the mistress of the Music” The Madrigal Claudio Monteverdi Cruda Amarilli (pub. 1605) The Madrigal The Madrigal Artusi / Monteverdi Controversy Giovanni Maria Artusi L’Artusi (pub. 1600) Monody & Opera The CAMERATA Musicians Jacopo PERI Giulio CACCINI Emilio de’ CAVALIERI Monody & Opera Speech song of Greek and Roman Theatrical Tragedies & Epic “GREEKS and ROMANS” Monody & Opera “[The Camerata] having repeatedly discoursed on the manner in which the ancients used to represent their tragedies, and whether they employed song, and of what kind, Signor Rinuccini took to writing the play Dafne, and Signor Corsi composed some airs to parts of it… and shared his thoughts with Signor Peri. The latter, having listened to their purpose and approving of the airs already composed, took to composing the rest… “The pleasure and amazement produced -
1 9 Bridge 3 : Two Missed Traditions O F the Late 16Th
1 9 B R I D G E 3 : T W O M I S S E D T R A D I T I O N S O F T H E L A T E 1 6 T H C . 1. Sext (possibly the last?) 2. Chromaticism a. Justification from Ancient Greeks: rediscovery of nondiatonic music b. Nicola Vicentino, mid16th c. theorist, wanted to bring back the three genera of Greek tet rachords. Built a keyboard to play them c. Integrated well with madrigal’s quest for new sounds d. Orlandus Lassus (Orlando Lasso), Timor et Tremor (motet) (pub. 1564) e. Luca Marenzio, Solo e Pensoso (ninth book of madrigals, 1599) Solo e pensoso i più deserti campi Alone and pensive I measure the fields vo misurando a passi tardi e lenti, the most deserted with tarrying and slow steps, e gl'occhi porto per fuggir intenti and turn my eyes to try to elude dove vestigio human l'arena stampi. any human signs imprinted in the sand, f. Carlo Gesualdo (Gesualdo da Venosa), “Moro, lasso, al mio duolo” (Book six, 1611) i. Gesualdo’s life ii. Murders (Maria d’Avalos (cousin) and Duke of Andria) in Naples iii. Isolation, Study in Ferrara, Isolation iv. Late Compositions, “Moro, lasso” 3. Michael Praetorius (1571–1621) and Instrumental Music a. Enormous output especially of sacred vocal music b. The exception: Terpsichore (1612) c. Bransle Simple I d. Voltas e. Syntagma Musicum II: De Organographia (1619) Topic 4: Music in Venice 1570–1660 20 (5/1) Maestri di cappella Venice: (Rore), Williaert (Andrea and) Giovanni Gabrieli and Music in the Basilica of S. -
July 09 Pp. 21-23.Indd
Text Interpretation and Cyclic Unity in Buxtehude’s Nimm von uns Herr, du treuer Gott, BuxWV 207 Markus Rathey Buxtehude’s chorale variations compositions that fulfi ll a merely utilitar- Example 1: Melody, Nimm von uns Herr The number of chorale variations in ian purpose. The following essay will fo- Dietrich Buxtehude’s organ works is cus on Buxtehude’s chorale variations on considerably smaller than in the oeuvre the hymn Nimm von uns Herr, du treuer of other northern and central German Gott, BuxWV 207, examining its musical composers like Samuel Scheidt, Georg structure, its function, and its contexts in Böhm, and Jan Pieterszoon Sweelinck. contemporary piety. Among Buxtehude’s organ works the chorale variations form a rather small Nimm von uns Herr, BuxWV 207 group of six sets:1 The variations are based on a Prot- estant chorale from the second half of BuxWV 177, Ach Gott und Herr, 2 the 16th century. The text has seven variations stanzas and was published in 1584 by BuxWV 179, Auf meinen lieben Gott, the 16th-century poet and theologian 5 variations Martin Moller (1547–1606); the words BuxWV 181, Danket dem Herren, 3 were traditionally combined with Mar- variations tin Luther’s melody for the hymn Vater Example 2: Buxtehude, Nimm von uns Herr, BuxWV 207/2 BuxWV 205, Meine Seele erhebt den unser, im Himmelreich. (See Example 1: Herren, 2 variations Melody, “Nimm von uns Herr.”) BuxWV 207, Nimm von uns Herr, du treuer Gott, 4 variations First movement BuxWV 213, Nun lob, mein Seel, den Buxtehude’s set of variations consists of Herren, 3 variations four verses. -
An Italian Tune in the Synagogue: an Unexplored Contrafactum by Leon Modena∗
Kedem G OLDEN AN ITALIAN TUNE IN THE SYNAGOGUE: AN UNEXPLORED CONTRAFACTUM BY LEON MODENA∗ ABSTRACT Leon Modena, one of the celebrated personalities of Italian Jewry in the early modern period, is known for his extensive, life-long involvement with music in its various theoretical and practical aspects. The article presents additional evidence that has gone unnoticed in previous studies of Modena’s musical endeavors: his adaption of a polyphonic, secular Italian melody, for the singing of a liturgical hymn. After identifying the melody and suggesting a possible date for the compo- sition of the Hebrew text, the article proceeds to discuss it in a broader context of the Jewish musical culture at the turn of the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries, in particular contemporary Jewish views to the use of “foreign” melodies in the syna- gogue. The article concludes with an attempt to situate it as part of Modena’s thought of art music. RÉSUMÉ Léon Modène, une des personnalités célèbres du judaïsme italien du début de la période moderne, est connu pour s’être impliqué de près dans le monde de la musique et ses divers aspects, aussi bien théoriques que pratiques. Le présent article présente un exemple supplémentaire de cette implication, passé inaperçu dans les études antérieures: l’adaptation par Modène d’une mélodie polyphonique profane italienne en un hymne liturgique. Après avoir identifié la mélodie et suggéré la date éventuelle de la composition du texte hébreu, l’article analyse cet hymne dans le contexte plus large de la culture musicale juive au tournant des XVIe et XVIIe siècles, notamment en tenant compte des opinions juives contemporaines sur l’usage de chants «étrangers «dans la synagogue. -
International Journal of Education Humanities and Social Science
International Journal of Education Humanities and Social Science ISSN: 2582-0745 Vol. 2, No. 04; 2019 EARLY MELODRAMA, EARLY TRAGICOMIC Roberto Gigliucci Sapienza University of Rome Piazzale (Square) Aldo Moro, 5, Rome 00185, Italy [email protected] ABSTRACT This essay tries to demonstrate that the tragicomic blend, typical of Baroque Melodrama, has born much earlier than what is commonly believed. Just in the Jesuitical play “Eumelio” (1606) the hellish characters are definitely comical; a year later, in the celebrated “Orfeo” by Striggio jr. and Monteverdi, we think to find droll, if not grotesque, elements. The article ends considering the opera “La morte d’Orfeo” by S. Landi (1619), particularly focusing on the character of Charon. Key Words: Tragicomic, Melodrama, Orpheus’ myth. INTRODUCTION An excellent scholar as Gloria Staffieri, in a recent historical frame of Melodrama from its birth up to Metastasio, reaffirms a widespread statement: the “invention” of tragicomic blend in the Opera is due to Rospigliosi, during the Barberini age [1], starting from 1629 (Sant’Alessio) and developing increasingly during the Thirties [2]. A quite late birth, therefore, of the tragicomic element, which is universally considered one of the most identitarian – strongly peculiar – feature of Baroque Melodrama [3]. In our short speech, we would demonstrate that this fundamental trait of Operatic mood was born at the very inception of the genre itself. Rinuccini If we skip now the case of Dafne [4] (where Rinuccini puts himself in line with the experiment of satira scenica by Giraldi Cinzio, the Egle [5], with its sad metamorphic ending), we may consider Euridice as a happy ending tragedy. -
Broadside 1103
T H E A T L A N T A E A R L Y M U S I C A L L I A N C E BROADSIDE Volume IX, #3 November, 2003 Get Ready for the January Workshop! by Jorg Voss The Atlanta chapter of the American Recorder Society The workshop will finish with a Student performance will join AEMA in sponsoring a Workshop with Early Saturday afternoon, 4PM, and our membership and Music, January 23rd and 24th, 2004 friends are invited to attend. The place will be announced later. AEMA MISSION Last Spring the Education Committee of AEMA It is the mission of the Atlanta conducted a survey of AEMA members and received We invite you to participate. Even if you do not Early Music Alliance to foster excellent feedback. The overwhelming number of plan to play at this workshop, there are other ways to enjoyment and awareness of respondents asked us to provide workshop help make this event successful: the historically informed per- opportunities to learn more about Early Music and its We welcome donations to defray the cost of the formance of music, with spe- performance. cial emphasis on music writ- event, for the facility, for faculty stipends, for ten before 1800. Its mission Our first Workshop, this time mainly for players of scholarships and for sheet music. will be accomplished through Early Instruments, primarily of Recorders and Viols, We also appeal to our members to open their dissemination and coordi- but also open to other instrumentalists, will be held in homes to participants from out-of-town for Friday, nation of information, educa- Atlanta January 23rd and 24th, 2004, under the very January 23rd and Saturday, January 24th, 2004. -
Missa Papae Marcelli: a Comparative Analysis of the Kyrie and Gloria Movements of Giovanni Pierluigi Da Palestrina and An
MISSA PAPAE MARCELLI: A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF THE KYRIE AND GLORIA MOVEMENTS OF GIOVANNI PIERLUIGI DA PALESTRINA AND AN ADAPTATION BY GIOVAN NI FRANCESCO ANERIO Michael J. Moore, B.M.E. Thesis Prepared for the Degree of MASTER OF MUSIC UNIVERSITY OF NORTH TEXAS May 2006 APPROVED: Graham Phipps, Major Professor Frank Heidlberger, Committee Member Thomas Sovik, Committee Member James C. Scott, Dean of the College of Music Sandra L. Terrell, Dean of the Robert B. Toulouse School of Graduate Studies Moore, Michael J., Missa Papae Marcelli: A Comparative Analysis of the Kyrie and Gloria Movements of Giovanni Pierluigi da Palestrina and an Adaptation by Giovanni Francesco Anerio. Master of Music (Music Theory), May 2006, 81 pp., 51 examples, 28 bibliographic references. My comparative analysis of Missa Papae Marcelli includes discussion about the historical significance of Palestrina’s contribution to church music reform with regard to Marcello Cervini’s reforms in church doctrine. The compositional techniques and adherence to clarity of text are important aspects of Palestrina’s music that have earned him the title “savior” of polyphonic music. The comparative analysis will begin with a detailed study of Palestrina’s compositional method including an examination of voice leading, text setting, and cadence types. These compositional techniques will be compared to Anerio’s 1619 adaptation of the Palestrina model. An examination of Anerio’s adaptation illustrates how changes in composition shift from a contrapuntal design with elided phrases to a harmonic design with regular phrase structures. Adaptive techniques include both borrowed and newly composed material. Borrowed material includes introductory statements and closing gestures; however, much of the body of each movement is altered and shortened. -
A C AHAH C (Key of a Major, German Designation) a Ballynure Ballad C a Ballynure Ballad C (A) Bal-Lih-N'yôôr BAL-Ludd a Capp
A C AHAH C (key of A major, German designation) A ballynure ballad C A Ballynure Ballad C (A) bal-lih-n’YÔÔR BAL-ludd A cappella C {ah kahp-PELL-luh} ah kahp-PAYL-lah A casa a casa amici C A casa, a casa, amici C ah KAH-zah, ah KAH-zah, ah-MEE-chee C (excerpt from the opera Cavalleria rusticana [kah-vahl-lay-REE-ah roo-stee-KAH-nah] — Rustic Chivalry; music by Pietro Mascagni [peeAY-tro mah-SKAH-n’yee]; libretto by Guido Menasci [gooEE-doh may-NAH-shee] and Giovanni Targioni-Tozzetti [jo-VAHN-nee tar-JO- nee-toht-TSAYT-tee] after Giovanni Verga [jo-VAHN-nee VAYR-gah]) A casinha pequeninaC ah kah-ZEE-n’yuh peh-keh-NEE-nuh C (A Tiny House) C (song by Francisco Ernani Braga [frah6-SEESS-kôô ehr-NAH-nee BRAH-guh]) A chantar mer C A chantar m’er C ah shah6-tar mehr C (12th-century composition by Beatriz de Dia [bay-ah-treess duh dee-ah]) A chloris C A Chloris C ah klaw-reess C (To Chloris) C (poem by Théophile de Viau [tay- aw-feel duh veeo] set to music by Reynaldo Hahn [ray-NAHL-doh HAHN]) A deux danseuses C ah dö dah6-söz C (poem by Voltaire [vawl-tehr] set to music by Jacques Chailley [zhack shahee-yee]) A dur C A Dur C AHAH DOOR C (key of A major, German designation) A finisca e per sempre C ah fee-NEE-skah ay payr SAYM-pray C (excerpt from the opera Orfeo ed Euridice [ohr-FAY-o ayd ayoo-ree-DEE-chay]; music by Christoph Willibald von Gluck [KRIH-stawf VILL-lee-bahlt fawn GLÔÔK] and libretto by Ranieri de’ Calzabigi [rah- neeAY-ree day kahl-tsah-BEE-jee]) A globo veteri C AH GLO-bo vay-TAY-ree C (When from primeval mass) C (excerpt from -
Kapsberger, Piccinini 14 Silver Strings Toccatas, Partitas and Dances Matthew Wadsworth Theorbo
Deux-Elles Kapsberger, Piccinini 14 Silver Strings Toccatas, Partitas and Dances Matthew Wadsworth theorbo Gary Cooper harpsichord, organ Mark Levy viola da gamba, lirone, violone 14 Silver Strings exponents of melodic instruments such as the Piccinini’s writing for this instrument is much Kapsberger was the first to publish a book of Toccatas, Partitas and Dances violin, cornetto or recorder, with their virtuosic more harmonic than that in his lute pieces. His works for theorbo, Libro Primo d’Intavolatura di and dramatic expressive powers, and those who melodic flair is still apparent, however. In the Chitarrone (Venice 1604). He then went on to practiced the newly established art of basso Toccatas, he explores the chitarrone’s expressive publish a book of lute pieces in Rome in 1611, “With new inventions, airs and ornaments the continuo. possibilities with all manner of idiomatic and wrote a treatise on the performance and importance no longer lies in the artifice of musical phrases, harmonies and chromaticism. playing techniques of his own music entitled Il counterpoint as before, but in the great variety of One of the instruments belonging to this latter Kapsberger della Musica, which is sadly lost. embellishments and the accompaniment of different group was the chitarrone, or theorbo. Its bass- In his wonderfully detailed preface, Piccinini Along with several books of songs and other instruments in the symphonies.” rich sonority was exploited by composers such talks much about contemporary playing vocal and dramatic music, a second book for Vincenzo Giustiniani as Caccini and Merula in the accompaniment technique, encouraging the use of the chitarrone followed in 1616, which also has Discorso Sopra La Musica, 1628 of song. -
Historical Performance) 1
PY.380 (Historical Performance) 1 PY.380.434. Lute Literature & Notation 2. 2 Credits. PY.380 (HISTORICAL Intensive study of repertoire and genres for Renaissance lute and vihuela through listening, transcribing, and performance of selected works from PERFORMANCE) French, Italian, and German tablatures. Works of Francesco da Milano and John Dowland will be a main focus. Required for MM guitar majors. PY.380.315. Continuo 1: Figured Bass. 2 Credits. Area: P, Y Designed to develop the skill of continuo playing, fluent reading and PY.380.435. Viola da Gamba Literature. 1 Credit. improvising from a figured bass, this course uses exercises and repertoire A chronological survey of the viola da gamba and its literature from in a cumulative approach. Open to all qualified keyboard students as well the 16th to 18th centuries. The class will be an opportunity to become as non-keyboard students with proficient keyboard skills and permission familiar with a rich repertoire little known to non- specialists, and to of the instructor. learn about how the world of the baroque era relates to our own. No prior Area: P, Y experience in historical performance is required. Prerequisite: History of PY.380.337. Baroque Violin/Viola Class. 1 Credit. Music 1, 2, or permission of instructor. An introduction to the playing of early repertoire on period violin or viola Prerequisite(s): Undergrads need PY.610.321[C] OR PY.610.322[C] in order and bow. The student will learn the basics of baroque technique and will to enroll. Grads need to have passed the Musicology Proficiency exam or be introduced to a range of music, from early Baroque to early Classical, passed the music history review course. -
Forgotten Reality, Remembered Fiction, Production Values and Court Opera
INFORMATION TO USERS This manuscript has been repockiced frwn the mkdilrn master. UMI films the text directly ftom the original or copy submitted. Thus, some thesis and dissertation copies are in Merface, while others may be from any type of computer printer. The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. Brdcen or indistinct print, cdored or poor quality illustrations and photographs, print Meedttrmugh, substandard margins, and impmper alignment can adversely affect reprodudion. In the unlikely event that the author did not send UMI a complete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if unauthorized copyright material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion. Oversize materials (e-g., maps, drawings, charts) are reproduced by sectioning the original, beginning at the upper left-hand corner and continuirlg from left to right in equal sections with small overlaps. Photographs included in the original manuscript have been reproduced xerographically in this copy. Higher quality 6' x 9" black and white photographic prints are available for any photographs or illustrations appearing in this copy for an additional charge. Contact UMI directly to order. Bell & Howell Information and Learning 300 North Zeeb Road, Ann Arbor, MI 48106-1346 USA 800-521-0600 FORGOTTEN mITY, REMEMBERED FICTION: PRODUCTION VALUES AND COURT OPERA, 1598-1608 Peter Eliot Weiss A thesis submitted in conformity with the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Graduate Centre for Study of Drama University of Toronto O Copyright by Peter Eliot Weiss 1999 National Library Biblioth4que nationale 1+1 of Canada du Canada Acquisitions and Acquisitions et Bibliographic Services services bibliographiques 395 Wellington Street 395.