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(FIP). Vector-Borne Diseases: a Handbook for Pharmacists

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(FIP). Vector-Borne Diseases: a Handbook for Pharmacists V ector - borne diseases : a handbook for pharma cist s D isease prevention, control , management and treatment 2020 p ii | Vector - borne diseases: a handbook for pharmacists Colophon Copyright 2020 International Pharmaceutical Federation (FIP) International Pharmaceutical Federation (FIP) Andries Bickerweg 5 2517 JP The Hague , The Netherlands www.fip.org All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be stored in any retriev al system or transcribed by any form or means – electronic, mechanical, recording, or otherwise without citation of the source. FIP shall not be held liable for any damages incurred resulting from the use of any data and information from this report. All m easures have been taken to ensure accuracy of the data and information presented in this report. Auth or s : Kimberly Gromek ( University of North Carolina Eshelman School of Pharmacy , USA ) Matthew Hung (FIP Practice Development Projects Assistant) Nuria Montero (Director of Pharmacy Practice, Pharmaceutical Forum of the Americas, Costa Rica) Gonçalo Sousa Pinto (FIP Lead for Practice Development and Transformation) E ditor s : Gonçalo Sousa Pinto (FIP Lead for Practice Development and Trans formation) Matthew Hung (FIP Practice Development Projects Assistant) Recommended citation: International Pharmaceutical Federation (FIP). Vector - borne diseases: a handbook for pharmacists. Disease prevention, control, management and treatment. The Hague: International Pharmaceutical Federation; 2020 Cover image: © frank60 | shutterstock.com Vector - borne diseases: a handbook for pharmacists | p 1 Contents Foreword ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ..................... 3 1 Introduction ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ............ 4 1.1 What is a vector - borne disease? ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ............ 6 1.2 A glimpse at the global burden ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ .............. 6 1.3 Targeting prevention ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ 6 2 Vectors and the diseases they transmit ................................ ................................ ................................ ........................ 8 2.1 Mosquitoes — genus Aedes ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ .................... 8 2.1.1 Chikungunya ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ......... 8 2.1.2 Dengue ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ .................... 9 2.1.3 Lymphatic filariasis ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ .......................... 10 2.1.4 Rift Valley fever ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ .. 11 2.1.5 Yellow fever ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ......... 12 2.1.6 Zika ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ .......................... 13 2.2 Mosquitoes — genus Anopheles ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ......... 15 2.2.1 Lymphatic filariasis ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ .......................... 15 2.2.2 Malaria ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ................... 15 2.3 Mosquitoes — gen us Culex ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ................... 17 2.3.1 Japanese encephalitis ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ..................... 17 2.3.2 Lymphatic filariasis ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ .......................... 1 8 2.3.3 West Nile virus ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ .... 18 2.4 Aquatic snails ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ .............. 19 2.4.1 Schistosomiasis (bilharzia) ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ............ 19 2.5 Blackflies ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ...................... 20 2.5.1 Onchocerciasis (river blindness) ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ 20 2.6 Deerflies ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ........................ 20 2.6.1 Loiasis (African eye worm) ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ............. 20 2.7 Fleas ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ............................... 21 2.7.1 Plague ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ .................... 21 2.7.2 Tungiasis ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ............... 21 2.8 Lice 22 2.8.1 Typhus ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ................... 22 2.8.2 Louse - borne relapsing fever ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ......... 22 2.9 Sandflies ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ....................... 22 2.9.1 Leishmaniasis ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ..... 22 2.9.2 Sandfly fever ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ....... 23 2.10 Ticks ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ .............................. 23 2.10.1 Crimean - Congo haemorrhagic fever ................................ ................................ ................................ ....................... 23 2.10.2 Lyme disease ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ..... 24 2.10.3 Tick - borne relapsing fever ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ........... 24 2.10.4 Rickettsia diseases ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ......................... 25 2.10.5 Tick - borne encephalitis ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ................ 25 2. 10.6 Tularaemia ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ......... 25 2.11 Triatomine bugs ................................ ................................ ...............................
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