Murray and Mallee Region Plan A volume of the South Australian Planning Strategy
January 2011
Murray and Mallee Region Plan A volume of the South Australian Planning Strategy
This document is the Murray and Mallee Region Plan. The document has been prepared by the South Australian Government, through the Department of Planning and Local Government, as a volume of the South Australian Planning Strategy pursuant to section 22 of the Development Act 1993 and is subject to change.
For further information Please visit www.dplg.sa.gov.au or telephone the Department of Planning and Local Government on 08 8303 0600. Additional copies of this document can be downloaded from www.planning.sa.gov.au/go/murray-mallee-plan or are available at Level 5, Roma Mitchell House, 136 North Terrace, Adelaide SA 5000.
Disclaimer While every reasonable effort has been made to ensure that this document is correct at the time of publication, the Minister for Urban Development and Planning, the State of South Australia, its agencies, instrumentalities, employees and contractors disclaim any and all liability to any person in respect to anything or the consequence of anything done or omitted to be done in reliance upon the whole or any part of this document.
© Government of South Australia. Published 2011. All rights reserved.
ISBN 978-0-7590-0109-1 FIS 23195
iii iv Minie st r for Urban Development and Planning
A message from Paul Holloway
The Murray and Mallee region is Chief among these issues is, of The Murray and Mallee Region one of the most economically and course, reduced water availability Plan is the result of an extensive ecologically diverse regions in in the face of climate change. consultation process involving South Australia. It is generally accepted that the state government, local councils, While much of the Murray region must continue to reduce regional development and natural and Mallee region's economy its reliance on the River Murray resources management bodies, revolves around agriculture—it and groundwater resources, and communities and industries. accounts for about 25 per cent focus on more efficient water Realising the objectives of the of South Australia’s dairy and use, recycling of wastewater, Plan will require continued pig production, one quarter of harvesting of stormwater and collaboration and commitment Australia's crushed wine grapes water-sensitive urban design. to ensure the region’s liveability, and more than 50 different kinds Soil quality is another important competitiveness and sustainability of horticultural crops—it also issue, with salinity, soil loss and during for next three decades. has a growing processing and disturbance of acid sulfate soils manufacturing sector, which adds on the rise in the river system. considerable value to its primary The Plan sets out land-use production base. principles and policies that both support the protection and The heart of the region is the management of these critical River Murray, which winds its way environmental assets and help among plains, ranges, mallee sustain steady economic growth Paul Holloway scrub and lakes before emerging through to 2036. at the world renowned Coorong. Minister for Urban Development More than 700,000 tourists are The Plan concentrates on land and Planning drawn each year to this rich and use and development that will varied landscape and the wide encourage further economic range of recreational and nature- diversification, expansion of based activities it offers. infrastructure, establishment of alternative energy industries The region’s diversified economic and growth in tourism. It also base provides it with a strong recognises the importance of platform for ongoing growth and social and community services, development. The Murray and which not only support community Mallee Region Plan highlights the cohesion but also help attract many strengths and comparative investment and skilled workers. advantages that support the region's future prospects. The Plan also examines the critical issues that must be addressed in the near future, as identified during consultation with the councils, communities and other stakeholders in the region.
v The regional volumes of the South Australian Planning Strategy provide a link between broad, statewide planning aims and local, council-specific planning needs. They give direction on land use and development, outline where people are likely to live so that agencies can plan for the provision of services and infrastructure, and set out policies to manage changes in population and climate. Local councils, the state government and regional development and natural resources management bodies are working with communities and industry to develop effective strategies that will lead to a sustainable future. They recognise that population growth and economic prosperity must be balanced with preservation of the environment and retention of the heritage, history and character of regional communities to attract and retain skilled workers and for the benefit of future generations. Ta ble of Contents
Chapter A oveRVIEW 1 Background 2 The role of the South Australian Planning Strategy ...... 4 The objectives of the regional volumes 5 Alignment with state government policies 5 How the regional volumes will work at regional and local government levels . . . . . 7 Consideration of Commonwealth environmental matters ...... 7 Planning for change in regional South Australia ...... 7
Chapter b tHE CONTEXT FOR THE PLAN 11 The Murray and Mallee region at a glance 12 Key issues for the Murray and Mallee region 12
Chapter C tHE VISION FOR THE MURRAY AND MALLEE REGION 15 An integrated approach 16
Chapter D PRINCIPLES AND POLICIES 19 Environment and culture ...... 22 Economic development 36 Population and settlements ...... 48
Chapter e infRASTRUCTURE AND SERVICE PROVISION 57
APPENDICES 63 Appendix 1 How the Plan was developed ...... 64 Appendix 2 Information about the Murray and Mallee region ...... 66 Appendix 3 Contribution of the Plan to South Australia’s Strategic Plan targets 84 Appendix 4 Related reports, strategies and plans 88
GLOSSARY 93
List of maps A1 Planning regions covered in the South Australian Planning Strategy ...... 3 C1 An integrated vision for the Murray and Mallee region 17 D1 Environment and culture 23 D2 Economic development 37 D3 Population and settlements 49
vii overview
Chapter A
1 overview
Chapter A Chapter A Chapter The authors of the Plan have The Murray and Mallee Region Background drawn on the most recent data Plan supersedes the relevant The Murray and Mallee Region and statistics available on the sections of the Planning Strategy Plan (the Plan) guides future region, including the Australian for Regional South Australia
O land use and development in the Bureau of Statistics’ 2006 Census (January 2003, as amended VE region. of Population and Housing, which at December 2007). Under R was the latest Census at the time that strategy, the region was VI It has been prepared by the E South Australian Government, of publication. Consultation on considered as two planning W through the Department of the draft Plan was undertaken in and development areas—the Planning and Local Government, 2007–08 and involved workshops Murraylands and the Riverland in collaboration with Regional with local industry, councils and (see Glossary for definitions). Development Australia– state government agencies to The Plan is applicable to the Murraylands and Riverland1, identify the key issues and new township of Murray Bridge and the Riverland Development and developing trends in the is additional to the planning Corporation, the South Australian region. provisions applicable to Murray Murray–Darling Basin Natural Additional submissions received Bridge in The 30-Year Plan for Resources Management Board, from industry, interest groups, Greater Adelaide. In the event of other state agencies and the eight agencies, Regional Development any inconsistency between this local government areas of the Australia–Murraylands and volume and applicable provisions region: Riverland, and local councils and in The 30-Year Plan for Greater Renmark Paringa Council communities during a two-month Adelaide, the provisions in The public consultation period in 2010 30-Year Plan for Greater Adelaide District Council of Loxton have also contributed to improving will prevail. Waikerie and finalising the Plan. Berri Barmera Council For more information about how the Plan was developed, see Mid Murray Council Appendix 1. Rural City of Murray Bridge District Council of Karoonda East Murray Southern Mallee District Council Coorong District Council.
1 The Murraylands Regional Development Board became Regional Development Australia– Murraylands and Riverland in 2009–10.
2 Planning regions covered in the South Australian Planning Strategy Map A1
3 Chapter A Chapter of the population so that state The Structure Plans for the state’s The role of the South and local government agencies major regional cities, including Australian Planning can plan for the provision of Mount Gambier, Murray Bridge, Strategy services and infrastructure, such Port Augusta, Port Lincoln, Port O as transport, health, schools, Pirie and Whyalla, flow from the VE The Murray and Mallee Region and aged care and community regional volumes. R Plan is one of seven regional facilities. VI The South Australian Planning
E volumes that, together with The At a local level, the regional Strategy is a requirement of W 30-Year Plan for Greater Adelaide, volumes provide guidance section 22 of the Development make up the South Australian and resources for councils as Act 1993. The Minister for Urban Planning Strategy. The regions they undertake their Strategic Development and Planning is covered in the regional volumes Management Plans and review responsible for its preparation on of the Planning Strategy are: Eyre and amend their Development behalf of the State Government and Western, Far North, Kangaroo Plans. Development Plans contain and for reporting to the South Island2, Limestone Coast, Murray the zones, maps and explicit Australian Parliament annually on and Mallee, and Yorke and Mid rules that specify what can and its implementation. Each volume North3 (refer to Map A1). cannot be done with land in of the strategy must be reviewed In the regional volumes the State a council area. Councils must at least every five years. Government, in partnership with ensure that their Development local government, gives direction Plans and Development Plan on land use and development Amendments are consistent for the period 2010–2036. These with the land-use policies and volumes set out how the State directions of the relevant regional Government proposes to balance volume. The regional volumes also population and economic growth guide Development Plans and with the need to preserve the Development Plan Amendments environment and protect the in unincorporated (out of council) heritage, history and character of areas, as undertaken by the regional communities. They also Minister for Urban Development outline where people are likely to and Planning. live and the projected make-up
2 Kangaroo Island is part of the Fleurieu and Kangaroo Island Government Region, but for planning purposes it is covered in a separate regional volume of the South Australian Planning Strategy, the Kangaroo Island Plan. The Fleurieu Peninsula is covered in The 30-Year Plan for Greater Adelaide. 3 The Yorke and Mid North regions are currently covered in the South Australian Planning Strategy as separate volumes. These will be combined into one volume, the Yorke and Mid North Region Plan.
4 into the Strategic Infrastructure The objectives of the Alignment with state Plan for South Australia (2005–06) regional volumes government policies by identifying the infrastructure priorities needed to support To maximise the state’s The regional volumes of the South economic and population growth. opportunities and respond to its Australian Planning Strategy Third, they tie in with the Housing challenges, the regional volumes provide a link between broad, Plan for South Australia (2005), of the South Australian Planning statewide planning aims and Water for Good—A Plan to Ensure Strategy have three interlocking local, council-specific planning our Water Future to 2050 (2009), objectives. They are to: needs, and they work in tandem the Economic Statement (2009), with key state policies, leading to maintain and improve liveability the State Natural Resources a consistent approach to land use Management (NRM) Plan (2006), increase competitiveness and development across the state. the South Australian Murray– drive sustainability and Firstly, the volumes support the Darling Basin NRM Plan (2009); resilience to climate change. achievement of a range of social, and South Australia’s Waste economic and environmental Strategy (2005). Figure A1 shows how these three targets in South Australia’s objectives interrelate. Strategic Plan. Second, they feed
Figure A1 – Objectives of the regional volumes of the South Australian Planning Strategy
5 Chapter A Chapter Figure A2 – The Murray and Mallee Region Plan’s relationship with key state government policies O VE R VI E W
Relationship to South See Appendix 3 for further information about how the Australia’s Strategic Plan Murray and Mallee Region Plan Figure A2 shows the relationship contributes to specific SASP of the regional volumes with South targets. Australia’s Strategic Plan (SASP) and its targets, as well as the links to several state policy initiatives.
6 How the regional Consideration of Planning for change in volumes will work Commonwealth regional South Australia at regional and local environmental matters The regional volumes of the South Australian Planning Strategy set government levels The regions encompass out land-use policies to manage many matters of National While the regional volumes will the changes that are forecast Environmental Significance primarily operate at a regional to occur across the regions. Of (NES) that are protected under level, local government will play a particular concern are changes in the Commonwealth Environment pivotal role in their implementation, population and climate, which are Protection and Biodiversity in collaboration with DPLG, other having, and will continue to have, Conservation Act 1999 (EPBC state government agencies and significant impact on the demand Act). These matters include: stakeholders such as regional for services and infrastructure, the development and natural nationally listed species and natural environment, the character resources management boards. ecological communities of communities and the economic The collaborative process will migratory species prosperity of the regions. feature regional forums, which will bring councils and relevant wetlands of international bodies together each year to importance under the Ramsar Regional population change agree on long-term land-use Convention (Ramsar-listed The State Government believes and infrastructure priorities, wetlands) that sustainable population growth appropriate targets, and the need is essential to maintain healthy national and World Heritage communities and a labour force to focus their respective resources items/areas. on implementing the priorities. that can support our economy. Councils’ decision-making While much of the state’s processes and development population growth is expected controls should provide for early to occur in Greater Adelaide, consideration of matters of NES regional areas are targeted to and recognition that actions that grow as well. potentially have a significant The make-up of the state’s impact on matters of NES require population is also changing a referral to the Commonwealth dramatically—it is ageing at Department of the Environment, a faster rate than the other Water, Heritage and the Arts Australian states and this will under the auspices of the EPBC bring significant challenges for Act. planning, particularly in terms of the type and location of housing and its proximity to services.
7 Chapter A Chapter Table A1 – Population trends and targets by region 1996–2036
SASP T5.9 Target—Maintain regional O Population trends a VE SA’s share (18%) of state population R
VI Average Population Population Share of 2008 Population
E annual target in growth b regional d increase W Region ERP in 2008 growth rate c 2036 2008–36 population 2008–36 1996–2008 (based on (persons (%) (persons) (%) 2008 share) per year)
Eyre and Western 58,072 0.19 19.54 77,385 19,313 715
Murray and Mallee 70,125 0.23 23.60 93,446 23,321 864
Far North 28,460 –0.46 9.58 37,925 9,465 351
Limestone Coast 65,402 0.35 22.01 87,152 21,750 806
Yorke and 75,112 0.15 25.28 100,092 24,980 925 Mid North
Total 297,171 0.17 100.00 396,000 98,829 3660
SASP calls for regional South Table A1 breaks down this Notes to Table A1: Australia to maintain an 18 per population target by region and a The regional population targets are aspirational, cent share of the state’s total indicates the past population based on the all-of-state population target developed for The 30-Year Plan for Greater population (Target 5.9). Based on growth rates (1996–2008). Each Adelaide. The timeframes cited are uncertain and the growth targets will be amended as the results the all-of-state population target region requires an average annual of more recent demographic analyses become developed for The 30-Year Plan growth rate of 1.03 per cent to available. for Greater Adelaide, this would achieve its population target b ERP (estimated resident population). Australian equate to about 99,000 additional increase and maintain its 2008 Bureau of Statistics, Regional population growth, Australia, cat. no. 3218.0, ABS, Canberra, Apr. 2009. people taking up residence in share of the estimated resident c Department of the Premier and Cabinet, regional areas, resulting in a population (ERP). South Australia’s Strategic Plan, DPC, Government of South Australia, Adelaide, regional population of 396,000 2007,
8 While overall population numbers The demographic profile of the In relation to employment, the in regional areas have remained regions also has been changing, State Government, through relatively static during the with an ageing population and the Department of Further past decade, there have been generally declining numbers of Education, Employment, Science significant changes in where young people. and Technology, has a wide people are choosing to live. However, increasing economic range of initiatives to support Numbers have declined in the investment in the regions and the the attainment of the skills and more sparsely populated areas, expansion and diversification of workforce requirements needed particularly those in the Far North, primary industries, aquaculture, by the economy. These initiatives and in settlements with less than mining and the services that include: 1000 people (with the exception support tourism and older TAFE SA campuses delivering of coastal communities). Changes populations are expected to services to individuals and to population distribution are attract and maintain more businesses throughout regional being driven by the restructuring young people and people from South Australia of farming enterprises, resulting overseas. This will contribute to South Australia Works—a in larger and fewer agricultural the achievement of the SASP flagship program supporting properties; the interstate and population growth target. those who are disadvantaged intrastate migration of people Any potential impacts on natural in the labour market seeking a regional lifestyle; and resources, the environment, changing industry demands. biodiversity, the unique Productivity Places Program, Generally, towns with more landscapes and character of which provides State and than 1000 people have grown; communities as a result of these Federal funding to support several of these towns have had changing population patterns and businesses to develop the skills the fastest rates of population related development will need to of existing workers growth in the state. Larger centres be carefully managed. Professional development such as Port Lincoln, Murray programs that enhance Bridge and Mount Gambier have the skills of education and continued to expand, while in Port training service providers Pirie, Port Augusta and Whyalla and reforms that lead to the population has stabilised and greater effectiveness and shown some improvement after a responsiveness in service sustained period of decline. delivery.
9 Chapter A Chapter Climate change State and local governments are Managing change developing regional demand The potential effects of climate South Australia’s regions face and supply plans, to be in place change on the regions range from the challenge of managing the by 2014, as outlined in Water threats to water supply, increased impacts of climate change and O for Good—A Plan to Ensure our
VE risk of bushfire, sea level rise and population growth to protect Water Future to 2050, as well
R greater fragmentation of native viable primary production as investigating how regional VI habitats to increased pressure on industries and the natural
E communities can diversify their
W health care services from more resources upon which they water supply sources. vulnerable people, such as the depend. This challenge has been elderly. In addition, state and local compounded by reduced rainfall governments continue to The State Government believes during several drought years. investigate ways to organise it is critical to intervene now to During this time rural communities land use such that it supports help the regions prepare for have again shown their resilience renewable and clean energy and adapt to long-term climate and capacity to manage in both technologies. These opportunities change. Securing water and good and bad years. will give South Australia a energy supplies is fundamental Local councils, regional and competitive advantage in a to economic, social and economic development boards, carbon-constrained economy. environmental wellbeing in the natural resources management Investment in infrastructure face of such change. boards and the state government will be critical to realise such have been working with the In recent years state and local opportunities. government and regional community, local groups and These initiatives will extend communities have improved water industry to develop effective the life and reliability of our security through augmentation strategies for specific sectors (for water and energy supplies and of supply, the introduction of example, primary industries and allow the population and the permanent water conservation, tourism) and specific parts of the economy to grow without placing and measures such as wastewater region (for example, individual unsustainable demands on our re-use and stormwater harvesting. towns and council areas) that will natural resources. Increased housing density, lead to a sustainable future for the improved water efficiency of Our understanding of climate region. buildings and the incorporation change and its ramifications is They recognise that population of water-sensitive urban design evolving rapidly. It is critical that and economic growth must (WSUD) principles in the policies and decisions are based be balanced with protection development process will lead to on the best current information of the environment, including more efficient water consumption and can be adjusted in the future biodiversity, and retention of in regional towns. if required. the regions’ unique qualities for the benefit of future generations and to attract and retain skilled workers.
10 THE CONTEXT FOR THE PLAN
Chapter B
11 THE CONTEXT FOR THE PLAN
Chapter B
Chapter B Chapter has a major centre, Murray The Murray and Mallee Bridge, which has an economy Key issues for the Murray region at a glance based on food production and and Mallee region processing, and is also the The Murray and Mallee region: The following issues were T centre for government services H identified as critical to the region’s
E covers 53,938 square in the region C kilometres4 future during workshops and
O has three other important consultations with councils, state NTE had a population of 69,341 regional services centres— government agencies and regional people at the 2006 Census5 Loxton, Berri and Renmark development boards in 2007- X
T 08. These issues, which are key
has an economy based contains several major road FO drivers for the Murray and Mallee on primary production and rail routes to the eastern
R Region Plan, are grouped under and processing, including states T four themes:
H horticulture/viticulture, dairying E and intensive livestock is a popular tourism destination environment and culture P featuring houseboat
L production economic development A holidays and nature-based
N is situated in the South tourism associated with the population and settlements Australian Murray–Darling River Murray and various Basin Natural Resources conservation parks, attracting infrastructure and services Management (Murray–Darling more than 711,000 overnight provision. Basin NRM) region, which can visitors a year. be divided into five units: the river corridor, the Coorong See Appendix 2 for detailed and Lower Lakes, the Murray information about the Murray Mallee, the Eastern Mount Lofty and Mallee region, including its Ranges and Murray Plains, and population distribution, economy the South Olary Plains and infrastructure.
4 This figure includes land under the control of local councils and the unincorporated land in the region’s north. 5 Australian Bureau of Statistics, ‘Basic Community Profile’, 2006 Census of Population and Housing, ABS, Canberra, 2007.
12 Environment and culture Supporting the creation Encouraging economic of biodiversity corridors diversification as a means of Reducing reliance on the and NatureLinks (including reducing the region’s economic River Murray and groundwater wetlands) to enhance dependence on water resources by developing landscape connectivity for resources strategies to recycle biodiversity wastewater, harvest stormwater Attracting industry to the and maximise water use Ensuring development is region, particularly where there efficiency appropriately located and is infrastructure capacity for does not adversely affect growth (for example, electricity, Managing salinity levels and environmentally significant gas, roads, rail, wastewater salinity impacts within the River areas, scenic landscapes and re-use and telecommunications Murray System heritage places infrastructure) Managing increasing salinity of Ensuring development Fostering development and agricultural land and key water is located to achieve an diversification of primary supplies appropriate separation between industries, and planning Managing the potential conflicting land uses for sustainable adaptation increase in acid sulfate soils to climate change and Managing land to prevent soil due to the River Murray unpredictable river flows loss. system’s flow variability, Developing innovative ways including the impacts on to use saline groundwater ecological assets Economic development (for example, for aquaculture Planning for the impacts of Attracting and retaining a highly of fish and algae) using salt climate change - including skilled and flexible workforce to interception schemes increasing average support a stronger economic Positioning the region to temperatures and changing base capitalise on the opportunities rainfall patterns - on agricultural Developing an integrated arising from expansion of production and demand for plan to guide the expansion mining activities across the water resources of tourism, particularly nature- state Supporting carbon trading based, eco- and cultural tourism, building on the strong Managing visitors’ perceptions Ensuring development regional character and natural of the environment, which have protects and preserves the and heritage assets shown an acute sensitivity to region’s environmental assets, negative publicity, especially in including areas of international Improving transport logistics relation to the River Murray. and national importance, Encouraging the development conservation parks, marine of alternative energy industries parks, riverine, lake and (for example, solar, wind, coastal habitats, wetlands, geothermal and bio-fuels) threatened species, ecological communities, terrestrial habitats and water resources
13 Chapter B Chapter Population and settlements Infrastructure and service Extending and upgrading access to broadband and Valuing the region’s strong provision mobile phone services across sense of community spirit Improving the capacity the region to support industry
T Discouraging residential of community wastewater and expand distance education H management systems (CWMS) E development outside towns C infrastructure to support the Implementing a waste O Ensuring housing growth of population, tourism management strategy, NTE developments are energy and and industry including regional solid waste- water efficient to reduce their disposal sites X Expanding the recycling of T ecological footprint
Upgrading public transport FO wastewater and the harvesting/ Catering for the needs of to service local and regional
R use of stormwater an ageing population by communities T
H developing a range of housing Encouraging recycling and re- E use of waste products Upgrading rail infrastructure to
P alternatives around existing facilitate rail transport L health and community services Expanding the local generation A
N Supporting the development Maintaining town character and of electricity through solar, wind and maintenance of social heritage and promoting towns farms and peaking plants to and community services and and settlements with distinctive increase capacity for economic facilities, including sporting, built heritage and historical activity education, health, recreational importance, (both Indigenous Providing strategic electricity and other facilities to service and non-Indigenous) to the infrastructure corridors for the local population. state augmentation and extension of Ensuring an adequate supply of the transmission network residential land is available for Making the best use of existing future development and planned infrastructure for Providing greater employment water, including re-use recreation and other opportunities to retain young people.
14 T HE VISIon FOR THE murray and mallee REGION
Chapter C
15 T HE VISIon FOR THE murray and mallee REGION
Chapter C Chapter C Chapter encourage industrial and manage town growth to protect An integrated approach commercial development environmental and industry The Murray and Mallee Region opportunities in all towns assets Plan is a coordinated and (in appropriate locations) facilitate long-term T integrated vision for land use and to facilitate employment H sustainability, taking into E development across the region. It opportunities and ensure the
vi account variations in climate responds to the opportunities and long-term viability of towns
s and water availability challenges facing the region and i on fo on assist primary production identifies the planning priorities, promote the generation and industries to adapt to variations principles and policies necessary use of renewable energy in climate and water availability to achieve the vision (see Map C1). supplies such as solar, wind r and become more sustainable t The Plan allows for communities and thermal rock technologies h support and strengthen e M to develop and grow, and manage development to emerging industries in other encourages initiatives that help protect areas of environmental I
D n industry sectors and locations retain the special qualities of and conservation significance the Murray and Mallee while recognise and promote the across the region, including o r fostering vibrant and distinctive region’s strong, vibrant and the Ramsar-listed wetlands, the t towns that support a range of h healthy communities, their River Murray and Floodplain,
r lifestyles. It supports activities attachment to the region and the Coorong and Lower e that benefit the local and
gion the value these communities Lakes, and remnant terrestrial regional economy, provide local provide to the socio-economic biodiversity (including the employment and attract people fabric of the state Mallee) to the region. It recognises the region’s variations in geographical strengthen the roles and expand and strengthen nature- features, economic strengths and functions of towns to build based and ecotourism (with community aspirations, and seeks sustainable centres supported accommodation located to make the most of the different by strategic infrastructure and in already cleared areas), opportunities each presents. It services planning focusing on the Coorong, the Lower Lakes, the River seeks to balance the needs of support regional communities Murray, Marine Parks and the people today with those of future through the effective provision wilderness and conservation generations. of physical and social parks in the Mallee The aims of the vision are to: infrastructure, including broadband access; waste retain built heritage, promote promote industrial growth, management, effluent disposal cultural heritage and link these particularly in Murray Bridge, and water re-use facilities; with tourism Tailem Bend, Monarto, Berri social, community, education manage land to reduce and and Renmark and health facilities and prevent soil loss through services erosion and salinity.
16 An integrated vision for the Murray and Mallee region Map C1
17 18 pre incipl s and policies
Chapter D
19 pre incipl s and policies
Chapter D Chapter D Chapter This chapter outlines the Under each theme the Plan While the policies and priorities principles and the policies that identifies: of the Murray and Mallee Region are required to realise the vision planning-related priorities for Plan may change over time, the for the Murray and Mallee region. councils (and the Minister principles will be a constant P These are set out under three driving force for future generations r in out-of-council areas) to
i themes: to ensure that the region is n consider when developing c environment and culture Strategic Management Plans competitive, liveable, sustainable i p and resilient to climate change.
l and updating Development economic development e Plans The contribution of the principles s
a population and settlements. to South Australia’s Strategic Plan principles to guide land-use n targets is described in Appendix 3. d planning and development p o planning-related policies that li provide ongoing direction to c
i councils (and which must be e s reflected in their Development Plans).
20 The principles are:
1 Recognise, protect and 7 Reinforce the region as a restore the region’s preferred tourism destination environmental assets 8 Provide and protect serviced 2 Create conditions for the and well-sited industrial land region to become resilient to to meet projected demand the impacts of climate change 9 Focus commercial 3 Protect people, property development in key centres and the environment from and ensure it is well sited and exposure to hazards designed
4 Identify and protect places 10 Strategically plan and manage of heritage and cultural the growth of towns significance, and desired Design towns to provide town character 11 safe, healthy, accessible and 5 Protect and build on appealing environments the region’s strategic Provide residential land for a infrastructure 12 supply of diverse, affordable 6 Retain and strengthen the and sustainable housing to economic potential of primary meet the needs of current and production land future residents and visitors.
21 envin ro ment and culture Chapter D Chapter Overview The central features of the Several organisations have Murray and Mallee region are the policies to guide the management The region’s natural environmental River Murray and the towns and of the environment, including state and cultural assets play essential irrigation areas that have been and regional natural resources roles in guiding its future P developed close to it, often on management (NRM) plans; r development, underpinned by a
i rising land that is protected from Environment Protection Authority n range of existing plans, strategies c floods but has easy access to (EPA) policies, codes of practice
i and agreements. Settlements p the river. In the south-eastern and guidelines; the Living Coast l and industry are inextricably
e part of the region, the dominant Strategy for South Australia (2004); dependent on climate and water s landscape is made up of sandy Coast Protection Board policies;
a resources, as well as land- and
n soils and mallee scrub, with low the Biodiversity Plan for the water-dependent ecosystems. d rainfall but reliable groundwater South Australian Murray-Darling
As well, heritage sites and p supplies. However, these Basin (2001); No Species Loss: o structures of significance provide li groundwater supplies have been A Biodiversity Strategy for South an essential sense of identity and c depleted during a protracted Australia 2006–2016; Securing i connection with place. e period of drought conditions the Future: A Long-Term Plan for s across the region while the quality the Coorong, Lower Lakes and of these water resources has been Murray Mouth (2010); Guide to affected by increasing levels of the Basin Plan (Murray-Darling salinity. Basin Authority 2010); Heritage The design, siting and Directions: A Future for Built management of all development Heritage in South Australia (2003); must prevent adverse impacts Tackling Climate Change: South on these critical assets and Australia’s Greenhouse Strategy minimise the exposure of people 2007–2020; Wetlands Strategy and property to danger from for South Australia (2003); the natural hazards, such as floods, Marine Planning Framework for bushfires, strong winds and South Australia (2006); and the storms. Blueprint for the South Australian Representative System of Marine Achieving sustainable levels of Protected Areas (2004). demand for water is also essential, particularly considering the effects of climate change and the over- allocation of River Murray water to upstream irrigators.
22 Environment and culture Map D1
23 Chapter D Chapter Several more specific studies, threatened species—various Further understanding of the initiatives and programs further recovery plans impacts of climate change on guide the management of the natural resources and habitats River Murray–South East environmental resources in the to inform future strategic NatureLink. P region, particularly on the River planning for development and r
i Murray: land use n Councils should take these c salinity/water quality—salt i policies, plans and studies into Prevent unsustainable use of p
l interception schemes, salinity account when they review and water resources by using Water e zones for agriculture use, code update their Development Plans. Allocation Plans to determine s
a of practice for vessel and ecologically sustainable limits n facility management (marine of water use and to inform d Priorities for councils and inland waters), and the Development Plans p o River Murray and Lower Lakes Reduce reliance on River li catchments risk assessment for Murray and groundwater Identify areas suitable for c revegetation with native species i water quality resources by developing e to achieve targets identified in s strategies to recycle wastewater, horticulture—guidelines harvest stormwater and the River Murray–South East for sustainable irrigation maximise water use efficiency NatureLink and to improve development biodiversity Incorporate information from agriculture—Lower Murray environmental studies and Support the establishment Reclaimed Irrigation Areas State and Commonwealth of environmental corridors to restructure and rehabilitation environmental databases (for enhance biodiversity recreation/tourism—Riverland example, on biodiversity, water Encourage the implementation Integrated Strategic Tourism dependent ecosystems, the of water-sensitive urban design Strategy (2005), River Murray effects of climate change, (WSUD) principles to improve Sustainable Recreation Site dry-land salinity) to inform water use efficiency and the Planning and Implementation the review and updating of ecological health of water and Guide (2003) and Murraylands Development Plans, including coastal resources Integrated Regional Strategic identifying areas of high Tourism Plan (2009) environmental significance to Ensure future development be protected and buffered and land use is appropriately biodiversity—River Murray sited in respect to existing and Forest, Murraylands Biodiversity Develop and maintain local closed landfills to minimise the Conservation Programs heritage registers and risk to people and property identify heritage-listed sites in from landfill gas emission. wetlands—Integrated Floodplain Development Plans Management and Wetland Strategy (1998) and Securing Develop and maintain local the Future: A Long-Term Plan for historical land use registers and the Coorong, Lower Lakes and identify sites where a potentially Murray Mouth (2010) contaminating activity has been undertaken
24 The health of the River Murray Water Principle 1 ecosystem and the Murray– Recognise, protect and Darling Basin is vital for their Policies continued use, and land and Protect the quality and restore the region’s development decisions must 1.1 function of water ecosystems environmental assets therefore seek to support it. by preventing the adverse The recently released Guide to impacts of land use and While the River Murray is the the Basin Plan (Murray-Darling development, such as region’s major water ecosystem, Basin Authority 2010) proposes the overuse of resources, the lower Murray–Darling Basin to increase the quantity of water erosion, impeded surface also contains large groundwater available for environmental and subsurface water supplies. The River Murray purposes across the Basin, which flows, increase in exposure ecosystem includes the main will go some way to improving of acid sulfate soils, land channel and floodplain, and the health of the lower reaches degradation and pollution. anabranches, backwaters, of the River Murray, Lower This will include: wetlands, estuaries, coastal Lakes and Coorong. Current and marine areas (including debates over precisely how `` ensuring that development the Coorong and Lower Lakes) much water will be given over is adequately set back and tributaries (including the to environmental purposes will from watercourses and tributaries of the Eastern Mount have significant implications for incorporates water- Lofty Ranges, such as the Marne the region, especially in light of sensitive urban design River). the structural adjustment that has (WSUD) measures to For many years the health of the already occurred in response to avoid adverse impacts on River Murray has been affected a prolonged period of drought the natural hydrological by human activities, including conditions and over-allocation regime (such as soil water extraction for, and run-off of water upstream. The Basin erosion and diffuse from, agriculture and horticulture; Plan is due for final release and pollution) and to achieve water extraction for domestic implementation in 2011. water quality and water purposes; recreation; stormwater efficiency benefits run-off from urban catchments; `` applying WSUD and wastewater discharge. More techniques in new recently, the lower River Murray developments (including system has experienced a series residential, retail, of riverbank collapses, leading commercial, institutional, to property loss and significant industrial and transport) additional spending by local by 2012 authorities to re-build access roads and ensure the public’s safety.
25 Chapter D Chapter Box 1—Water-sensitive urban design (WSUD) `` maintaining a positive balance on the Murray– Darling Basin Authority salinity register, while WSUD techniques help to improve water quality and quantity, P continuing to implement r and reduce flood risk in urban areas, while enhancing biodiversity. i strategies and actions n They can be incorporated into development projects across a c to manage salinity in the
i range of types and scales, including homes, streets, parking p lower reaches of the River l areas, subdivisions and multi-units, commercial and industrial
e Murray (from the New developments, and public land. These techniques include: s South Wales border to a permeable paving of footpaths, common areas and parking n the sea) to ensure water d spaces above underground water storage facilities quality remains suitable p for human consumption o water efficient fittings and appliances li and flora and fauna health
c maintaining fixtures (for example, stopping leaks and drips i `` encouraging land use and e from plumbing and taps) s development policies that green roofs and living walls (that is, plantings on roofs and help shift water to higher down walls) value uses (including appropriate landscaping (for example, efficient irrigation, environmental use), taking mulching, wind and sun protection, minimising lawn area into account broad land- and selection of suitable plants) use planning objectives wetlands to capture and treat run-off water and site suitability the capture and storage of rainwater and stormwater for `` supporting the SA residential re-use, or to irrigate parks, sporting fields and Murray-Darling Natural other open space Resource Management Board’s integrated water the capture, treatment and re-use of wastewater. management planning More information about WSUD principles and techniques can be across the region. found in the WSUD Technical Manual for Greater Adelaide, available 1.2 Design developments at
26 1.3 Where ecologically Box 2—Marina site suitability appropriate, encourage water harvesting initiatives such as Murray Bridge Sewerage Generally, off-river marinas should be developed on sites that Treatment Plant and the adjoin or are close to existing towns, due to the need for associated opportunities such initiatives infrastructure and services. The physical proportion of a site should present for water re-use. include a reasonably wide part of the floodplain to accommodate 1.4 Establish off-river marinas a marina basin and riverine buffer zone. Marinas must also comply in suitable locations where with the Code of Practice for Vessel and Facility Management environmental conditions (Marine and Inland Waters). allow (see Box 2), such that they: Enough land should also be provided for a constructed and carefully managed wetland to improve the water quality of discharges to `` adjoin or are close to the river, unless an existing wetland can be used (without any existing towns, due to detrimental impacts). Ideally the floodplain should also be backed by the need for associated sloping land to enable any residential or commercial development infrastructure and services to be located above the 1956 River Murray Floodplain. No housing `` are away from SA Water should be allowed on the floodplain and only a limited amount of intake points and other housing should be allowed along the edge of the flood level. Any town intake points for new reclamation of the floodplains for residential development domestic water supply (canal estates) should not be permitted, except at the Jane Eliza Estate in Renmark which is already zoned for that purpose. `` minimise any required earthworks From an environmental perspective, sites of high environmental `` are on the floodplain and significance should not be considered. Locations close to SA Water include a reasonably and other town intake points for domestic water supply should also wide part of the floodplain be avoided, as should places that are of Aboriginal significance, and/ to accommodate a or are protected by law. marina basin and a riverine buffer zone For more information on the site suitability factors contact the Chief Environmental Officer, Department of Planning and Local `` are backed by land Government, on 08 8303 0600. above the 1956 River Murray Floodplain to accommodate associated residential and/or commercial development
27 Chapter D Chapter `` do not involve new Riverine and coastal 1.8 Protect coastal features and reclamation of land biodiversity of the Coorong located within the 1956 environments by retaining its existing River Murray Floodplain Conservation zoning and
P for residential canal Policies protecting: r 1.5 Minimise the adverse i development (an 1.5 n impacts of development `` habitats that are highly c exception is the existing
i sensitive to the direct p Jane Eliza Estate at on the ecological health l of riverine, estuarine and impacts of development e Renmark) s coastal environments, `` important geological and/ a `` allow for the construction especially those important n or natural features of of wetlands to provide d to the health of the River scientific, educational or
habitat and improve p Murray, the Ramsar-listed cultural importance o the quality of water
li Coorong wetlands and the discharges to the river, or `` landscapes of very high c Lower Lakes ecosystem. i use existing wetlands if scenic quality. e s there are no detrimental 1.6 Protect areas of high Integrate coastal impacts environmental significance 1.9 or landscape value by management requirements `` do not affect areas limiting development in these in Development Plans, of high conservation, areas and: including: environmental or cultural `` coast protection policies significance, including `` preventing disturbance under the Coast Protection places of Aboriginal and promoting restoration Act 1972 significance and places of natural riverine and protected by law. coastal habitats and `` marine parks under the native vegetation Marine Parks Act 2007 `` providing buffer `` aquatic reserve areas areas of sufficient under the Fisheries width to separate new Management Act 2007 developments from sensitive riverine and `` relevant provisions of the coastal features. River Murray Act 2003 `` relevant provisions of the 1.7 Provide for development that promotes the re- National Parks and Wildlife establishment of the Act 1972 natural environment where `` relevant provisions of the degradation has occurred. Native Vegetation Act 1991 `` relevant provisions of the Natural Resources Management Act 2004.
28 Land biodiversity Policies `` areas of environmental significance, including The protection of the region’s 1.10 Introduce a clear hierarchy habitat areas and environmental assets and of environmental areas to lands that have human associated biodiversity is be protected to improve uses, such as primary essential. A healthy ecology and development certainty production lands, rich biodiversity are valuable and transparency, and that also support in their own right, and help incorporate the protection biodiversity because create more liveable towns that of these areas into they are of relatively low can strengthen the region’s Development Plans and environmental impact. competitive advantage. Protecting Structure Plans. The three Higher impact land uses these assets also enhances the categories in the hierarchy, in these areas should be overall capacity of the region to which will be managed avoided. If development respond to and be resilient to the through Structure Plans and cannot be avoided, the effects of climate change. Development Plans, are: impacts will be minimised Areas of remnant vegetation `` areas of high and offsets provided on both public and private environmental land play an important role in significance, including `` areas designated for supporting biodiversity. Remnant protected public lands human use, where native vegetation is protected (such as National Parks, human use is the and managed with State Conservation Parks, principal consideration. Conservation and National Parks, Marine Parks and Development is to Wilderness Areas, Council and Ramsar-listed wetlands), be consistent with non-government organisation private/public lands under Development Plans and reserves. Remnant vegetation is a Heritage Agreement, existing legislation. also protected within Heritage land containing high- 1.11 Avoid any adverse impact Agreements, which are privately value native vegetation, on biodiversity, where owned areas protected in important habitat for possible; if such impact is perpetuity. A large percentage of nationally listed threatened unavoidable, the effects the region’s remnant vegetation ecological communities, should be minimised and occurs on private property. species and/or migratory offset. A comprehensive A number of programs have species and high or very offset scheme, based on been implemented in the region high valued wetland existing offset provisions to assist landholders to manage habitats identified by the and drawing on models natural assets for biodiversity and South Australian Wetland such as bio-banking, will carbon sequestration benefits. Inventory database. These be developed to provide Such programs should be areas will be protected for a net gain to biodiversity supported by Development Plan from development unless through flexible offsets. policy as far as practicable. a specific regulatory Offsets could be made exemption applies across regions or by funding designated rehabilitation programs.
29 Chapter D Chapter 1.12 Locate and design Scenic landscapes development to prevent Principle 2 The region has many riverine, the loss, degradation and/ coastal, mallee and rural Create conditions for the or fragmentation of native landscapes that are highly valued P vegetation and the loss of region to become resilient r by residents and visitors alike.
i species and/or ecological to the impacts of climate n c communities. change i
p Policies l 1.13 Provide for the creation of
e Preserve areas of high Reduced rainfall in recent years landscape connections 1.16 s landscape and amenity continues to affect the region’s
a to link areas of biological
n value and areas forming an agricultural and horticultural significance, and create d attractive background or activities while reducing the
buffers as a means of p entrance to towns and tourist recharge of aquifers. Climate o managing the interface at the li developments, and along the predictions indicate a future of boundaries of conservation c river, lakes and coast. rising temperatures (leading to i areas. e increased evaporation rates), s Design development to retain Identify new areas of 1.17 longer and more frequent dry 1.14 high quality landscapes conservation significance spells and less reliable rainfall that can be viewed from and ensure their protection patterns. This will challenge the tourist routes, walking trails, region’s capacity to maintain Identify and maximise the river and the sea, and 1.15 or increase economic output, opportunities to increase discourage development that particularly given its focus on biodiversity into the may adversely affect these primary production, as well as the urban form, either at the landscapes by addressing tourism industry. streetscape level or through the location, height, materials open space. and colour of buildings. The region’s attractiveness as a place to live, work and experience 1.18 Focus development in will result in continued pressure on towns to protect scenic its natural resources, particularly landscapes. water. It is important that Development Plan policy supports the region’s Natural Resources Management planning framework, which incorporates Water Allocation Plans and policies for the control of Water Affecting Activities.
30 There are opportunities to make Box 3—Improving water and energy efficiency positive and long-lasting changes in water management in the region. While the outcomes of Many subdivisions and buildings are now designed to maximise the Murray-Darling Basin Plan the re-use of stormwater and wastewater in residential and will be of immense importance in industrial developments. For example, at Mawson Lakes in Adelaide, rectifying some of the imbalances stormwater is filtered and plumbed into houses for use in toilets. in water allocation across the Some industries also re-use wastewater and stormwater for cooling region, a well-managed water and washing down machinery. supply will include water-efficient technologies and measures to Energy demand can be reduced through innovative housing design save or reduce water consumption and methods such as co-generation, which produces electricity in both urban and rural areas. and heat in a single process. More information is available on the Energy SA website, at
31 Chapter D Chapter Growing industry, residential and Policies 2.7 Provide for the development tourism-related development will of alternative and innovative 2.1 Promote carbon sequestration place further pressures on energy and greenhouse gas energy generation and water and water supplies. Visitors to mitigation activities through supply, including guidance P the region, in addition to the on environmental assessment r sustainable land-use
i permanent resident population, requirements. n management practices, taking c are already increasing demands into account climate, land and i 2.8 Provide for the incorporation p on these resources. Managing l soil suitability and species of sustainable energy
e this demand for water and energy characteristics. generation and water supply s use by raising awareness among a Provide buffer areas of in the design of developments n both residents and visitors is 2.2 and subdivisions (for example, d essential to achieving the region’s sufficient width to separate
stormwater re-use, and p sustainable water and energy development from riverine o wind and solar photovoltaic li efficiency targets. and coastal features and technologies). c ensure they are wide enough i e to accommodate long-term Promote energy and water s 2.9 physical processes, including conservation and efficiencies sea level rise. for residential, commercial and industrial activities. 2.3 Increase the energy efficiency of buildings through building 2.10 Increase the energy efficiency standards and design of buildings through the guidelines. implementation of the six-star rating for new buildings and 2.4 Enhance and protect existing native and remnant vegetation new efficiency standards for through revegetation and air-conditioning in line with biodiversity programs. the Council of Australian Governments (COAG) 2.5 Encourage commercial and National Strategy for Energy industrial developments to Efficiency. include green buffers (where appropriate), WSUD features 2.11 Set out building standards and shaded areas. and design guidelines to improve the water, thermal 2.6 Encourage town/settlement- and energy efficiency of level energy efficiency buildings. through the promotion of renewable energy supplies such as embedded generation.
32 Policies 3.3 Integrate adaptation Principle 3 to climate change and 3.1 3.1 Design and plan for Protect people, property development to prevent disaster risk reduction and and the environment from the creation of hazards hazard avoidance policies, (including exposing standards and actions into exposure to hazards residents to unacceptable Strategic Management noise and air pollution) and Plans, Development Hazards can occur naturally or Plans and development result from development activity. minimise the impacts of naturally occurring hazards, assessment processes using Inappropriately located or best practice models to: designed development and land including flooding and sea uses can increase the exposure to level rise. `` reduce the social, environmental and and impact of hazards, including 3.2 Decrease the risk of loss floods, riverbank collapse, of life and property from economic impacts arising disturbance of acid sulfate extreme bushfires by from extreme events and soils, bushfires, erosion, salinity, creating buffers around new sea level rise landslides, wind storms, sand growth areas adjacent to `` achieve more consistent dune drift hazard, the diversion of native bushland, and by: and rigorous decision watercourses, site contamination, `` developing policies to making for long term land- and water, air and noise pollution. use planning aimed at The impacts of climate change, minimise the impact of extreme bushfires in line reducing emergency and such as sea level rise and hazard risks extreme weather events, are likely with the findings of the to increase the risk of hazards. 2009 Victorian Bushfires `` enhance protection of Councils should take into account Royal Commission critical infrastructure the South Australian Biosecurity `` developing partnerships `` develop building Strategy 2009–2014 (in preparation and agreements standards and urban in 2009) when reviewing and between state and local design approaches updating their Development Plans. governments (particularly that create resilient emergency services environments for the agencies) to address risks future and hazards and protect the health and wellbeing `` reduce risks while of the community. protecting natural areas and biodiversity
33 Chapter D Chapter `` protect human health `` protection – establish and the environment works to protect existing Principle 4 where contamination has development or facilitate Identify and protect places occurred major development
P (including stormwater of heritage and cultural r `` adopt appropriate i discharge management to significance, and desired n processes and methods c accommodate higher tide town charact
i when remediating p levels). l contaminated land and
e The Murray and Mallee region’s ensure its suitability for the Identify and rehabilitate s 3.5 heritage and culturally significant
a proposed zoning areas and sites where land
n buildings and places give it a is contaminated as a part of d `` address risk, hazard and distinct character linked to the
development processes. p emergency management attitudes and values that have o li issues in structure and 3.6 Ensure new development is shaped its role in South Australian c precinct planning for new appropriately sited in relation history. Identification and careful i e and existing urban areas. to existing and closed management of these sites can s landfills to minimise the enliven history, engender a sense Protect people, property 3.4 risk to people and property of identity and provide a window and the environment from landfill gas emissions. on the past that can guide us in from exposure to hazards Continue to monitor gas the future. (including coastal flooding, emissions from existing and erosion, dune drift and It is essential that heritage places closed landfill sites to ensure acid sulfate soils) by be protected and preserved in development is not placed at designing and planning for a way that retains their heritage unnecessary risk. development in accordance value. Acts that identify and with the following principles: protect places of heritage and cultural significance include the `` avoidance – avoid Heritage Places Act 1993, the permanent development Historic Shipwrecks Act 1981 and in and adjacent to areas the Aboriginal Heritage Act 1988, subject to unacceptable which prohibits any damage, risk from hazards disturbance or interference with `` adaptation – design Aboriginal sites, objects and buildings and remains without an authorisation infrastructure to minimise by the Minister for Aboriginal risk in the long term Affairs and Reconciliation.
34 Aboriginal people and the State Policies Government’s Aboriginal Affairs 4.1 4.1 Protect and conserve and Reconciliation Division should places of heritage and cultural be involved early in the planning value, including national, state and/or development process to and local registered sites. help identify and protect sites of cultural significance and for 4.2 Identify the desired character guidance in relation to native of towns and parts of towns, title and Indigenous Land Use and ensure the design of Agreement (ILUA) requirements. buildings and public places, such as streetscapes and Heritage surveys should be entrances, supports the undertaken to identify local desired character. heritage places for incorporation into Development Plans. 4.3 Encourage and incorporate Public art can reflect and build public art into the design town character and is encouraged and development of public in public places and along spaces. walking and cycling trails in the 4.4 Preserve and enhance the region. character of towns that are strongly valued for their unique design and character buildings.
4.5 Identify and protect sites that have Aboriginal cultural significance and provide guidance in relation to native title and Indigenous Land Use Agreement (ILUA) requirements.
35 economic development Chapter D Chapter Overview manufacturing sector. Of these Commonwealth Government's new jobs, some 2100 (or 75 per target of 20 per cent renewable The South Australian Government cent) are anticipated in Murray energy by 2020. To reach this is planning for an additional Bridge, reflecting its increasing goal, the renewable energy 23,321 people in the Murray and P prominence in the region. sector should be supported with r Mallee region over the next 30
i improvements to South Australia's n years. Economic development Owing to their importance to c the regional economy, state transmission lines to encourage
i will play a key role in facilitating p large energy companies to invest l this population growth by government agencies in
e in renewable energy production. providing additional employment partnership with local government, s
a opportunities. Regional Development Australia The geothermal, biomass and n (Murraylands and Riverland) wind potential of the region is d Creation of employment
and the SA Murray-Darling NRM particularly significant, and future p depends on an adequate supply o Board are examining the impacts upgrades and modification to
li of development-ready land of economic growth and climate the transmission and distribution c (supported by infrastructure) as i change on land and water networks will be required in order e well as opportunities presented s resources to ensure that land to realise this potential. in the primary production sector. use is sustainable. Research into The region’s economy is based Services sectors associated the impacts of climate change is on primary production, including with increased population, such ongoing, with advice being made horticulture/viticulture, dairy, as health and aged care, are available to enable producers to forestry, fishing and associated also likely to grow. Educational modify their operations if required. processing. Value-adding to opportunities, particularly at a these activities may generate The region has major rail and road tertiary level, are also vital in employment growth, while freight transportation networks that supporting and retaining young opportunities from emerging provide access to key markets in people, and ensuring a skilled industries should also be Adelaide and the eastern states. future workforce. supported. Additional key infrastructure Tourism is another key economic includes the electricity network, Regional Development Australia driver in the region, generating with transmission network service (Murraylands and Riverland) revenue of approximately $180 provider ElectraNet undertaking has recently estimated, in its million per year, and it offers regular reviews to identify the Jobs Growth and Investment potential for further growth. The need for upgrades, as well Report 2009/10, that the region main tourism themes are natural as gas pipeline infrastructure, is likely to experience significant assets—unspoilt landscapes, which may need enhancement economic growth in the future ecotourism and unique wildlife— in some areas (particularly the despite the prolonged drought, and riverine and coastal Mallee and Riverland) in order to water restrictions, an unfavourable recreation, such as canoeing, attract industrial and commercial global economy and threat of hiking, fishing, photography, investment. climate change. Over 2800 new boating, camping and adventure jobs are expected across the South Australia has the potential four-wheel driving in some region up to the end of 2011 to be a 'green' energy hub and (limited) areas. largely as a result of a growing help other states achieve the
36 Economic development Map D2
37 Chapter D Chapter Regional economic development Priorities for councils opportunities will only be Principle 5 Protect strategic infrastructure realised with supportive council (existing and potential) from Protect and build on Development Plan policies, encroachment by incompatible P Structure Plans, Urban Growth the region’s strategic r development
i Plans, investment in infrastructure, infrastructure n
c expansion of local training Strengthen the economic i Proximity to major freight transport p opportunities, and attraction potential of high-quality primary l networks and freight storage e of skilled labour. Detailed production land (both irrigated s Development Plan policies and broadacre) and foster facilities are strengths of the Murray a and Mallee region. Strategic
n will be informed by industry sustainable farming practices d plans, regional development infrastructure such as roads, rail
Reflect in local Strategic p organisations and state and high pressure gas pipelines o Management Plans and are crucial elements in the value li government agencies such as Development Plans the c the Department for Transport, chain, providing comparative i directions of regional tourism e Energy and Infrastructure (DTEI); advantage to local agricultural, s plans (Riverland Integrated Primary Industries and Resources mining, and manufacturing Strategic Tourism Strategy South Australia (PIRSA); the South industries. They enable the region and Murraylands Integrated Australian Tourism Commission to build on the opportunities Regional Strategic Tourism Plan), (SATC); and the Department of presented by close proximity to which address positioning and Trade and Economic Development the growing industrial areas of branding, tourism infrastructure (DTED), working closely with northern metropolitan Adelaide priorities, partnerships and industry. (for example, Edinburgh Parks), development opportunities the Barossa wine region, and In addition, the work produced Plan for the expansion of agricultural activities in the Mid by the Riverland Futures North and Fleurieu Peninsula. Taskforce, in partnership with industrial land in appropriate locations at Murray Bridge, They also link the region to export the Department of Planning and facilities and interstate markets. Local Government, provides Tailem Bend, Berri, Renmark and an important framework Monarto through which to shape future Promote renewable energy development in the region. developments in appropriate . locations.
38 Protecting these infrastructure Policies 5.5 Manage interfaces between assets and providing for the infrastructure and residential 5.1 Encourage industry clusters expansion of export-related (including mining, primary areas and other sensitive and value-added industry near production and aquaculture land uses to ensure these transport and storage value-adding processing adequate protection against hubs will enable capitalisation and storage activities) in noise and air pollution. on investment in these assets, strategic locations such Reinforce the capability of provide opportunities for more 5.6 as freight transport nodes airports, aerodromes and industry to move into the region, to maximise transport airstrips to support economic and give support and certainty to efficiencies and support and social development existing industries. A number of industry development. and the Royal Flying Doctor initiatives aimed at expanding road Service, and protect these and rail freight networks across 5.2 Establish appropriate buffers facilities from incompatible the region and linking these to to protect existing strategic development in surrounding growing industrial/commercial infrastructure, as well as areas by specifying areas, interstate markets and sites and corridors identified Principles of Development export facilities are currently as potential locations for Control for building heights being investigated (see Chapter future infrastructure, from and defining noise zones E: Infrastructure and Service encroachment by uses within which residential Provision). that may compromise their operation or expansion. development should be The South Australian and avoided. Commonwealth governments 5.3 Provide for strategic have developed draft transport electricity infrastructure 5.7 Ensure land uses corridor strategies that identify corridors for augmentation surrounding airports, the long-term priorities, including and extension of the aerodromes and airstrips addressing corridor safety, such transmission network. are compatible with these as maintenance and rehabilitation facilities and do not detract Promote the development of ageing road sections, and 5.4 from their operation. of renewable energy in managing mixed traffic conditions appropriate locations and and general traffic growth. facilitate the establishment of supply chains in association with renewable energy developments.
39 Chapter D Chapter 5.8 Identify land suitable for agriculture land. Support for the waste management and Principle 6 dairy industry in the lower reaches resource recovery facilities to Retain and strengthen of the River Murray should also optimise opportunities for re- be encouraged, especially in view
P use and recycling of waste the economic potential of of the significant restructuring r
i while maximising economic primary production land of dairying activities that has n
c efficiencies, and protect this occurred in recent years as a i Retaining primary production land p land from encroachment by result of the drought. l across the Murray and Mallee e sensitive land uses such as A 2010 Land Capability s housing. region is a priority, especially as a wine grape, grain and horticulture Assessment undertaken by the n Protect the transport South Australian Murray-Darling d 5.9 crops will continue to underpin
functionality of road and rail Basin Resource Information p the regional and state economies. o corridors through planning New irrigated horticulture Centre (SAMRIC) identified li policy in Development Plans. suitable areas for various c development is encouraged in
i tree species in the region. e Designate and protect low salinity impact zones. Existing s 5.10 Appropriately located forestry strategic freight corridors as and appropriate new irrigated horticulture should be permitted in has the potential to improve the identified on Maps C1 and condition and sustainability of D2. high salinity impact zones where salt interception schemes are in natural resources by addressing 5.11 Protect high pressure place. resource degradation issues gas pipeline easements such as water quality, soil Conversion of productive land through planning policy in erosion, salinity, water logging to residential and other sensitive Development Plans and in and fragmentation of tree cover. uses through inappropriate town accordance with Australian Direct forest products include expansion or subdivision into ‘rural Standard 2885: Pipelines— biomass fuel, with additional living’ (large residential) allotments Gas and Liquid Petroleum. value-adding opportunities is strongly discouraged as it can through the establishment of create conflicts at interfaces and wood-pellet processing facilities. compromise the capacity and Sequestration of atmospheric productive efficiency of farm carbon by trees can also offset operations. greenhouse gas emissions Livestock production, which and provide opportunities to accounts for about $420 million participate in emerging carbon of the region’s primary production markets. output6, is dependent on the continued availability of broadacre
6 Murraylands Regional Development Board, extrapolated from the Murraylands Regional Food Scorecard 2005–06, South Australian Food Centre, PIRSA.
40 Mining and minerals processing `` limiting and carefully provision for land-based are important to the region, locating rural living areas waste-disposal facilities but must be undertaken in an and boat and net washing `` managing interfaces with environmentally sensitive way to facilities capable of properly residential areas and other minimise negative impacts on containing and disposing of sensitive activities through the environment, neighbouring waste and wastewater. the use of buffers businesses and the community. 6.5 Remove unnecessary The Hillgrove mine in Kanmantoo `` ensuring tourism-based regulatory barriers to the provides an excellent example of developments are sited adjustment of primary a mining activity that embraces away from agricultural production activities. environmentally-sensitive land where practicable Development Plans should practices through the proposed `` designating areas of be flexible enough to allow use, from 2011, of recycled water primary production property holders to change from the Mount Barker Community significance (in particular agricultural practices or Wastewater Management high-value agricultural commodity type, particularly System. Mining operations, other and horticultural land) where the change significant mineral resources and in Development Plans would enable increased associated transport corridors and introducing planning productivity or better should be protected from controls to protect their environmental outcomes. encroachment by incompatible use. development. 6.2 Provide for irrigation developments in suitable Agriculture and horticulture areas that are in low-salinity Policies impact zones. Rehabilitate unproductive 6.1 Prevent loss of productive 6.3 agricultural land and and degraded primary potential conflict with production land affected by incompatible uses by: salinity through revegetation using native species, `` focusing housing increasing the vitality and (including rural living integrity of remnant stands allotments) and industrial of native vegetation, and development in and introducing perennial adjacent to towns and pastures. industrial estates, unless directly related to primary 6.4 Provide for land-based industry aquaculture zones in close proximity to salt interception `` preventing fragmentation schemes, in accordance of viable and productive with environmental agricultural land requirements, including
41 Chapter D Chapter 6.6 Encourage the development Box 4—Supporting the value chain of small- and large-scale value-adding activity that complements primary The term ‘value chain’ refers to the various value-adding activities P production in the local r that occur along the supply chain of every industry sector—from i area, provided it does not n primary production through processing and transport to marketing c adversely impact on areas
i and sales. Competitive advantage is gained by improving the p of primary production l movement of goods and adding value at every link in the chain.
e significance (see Box 4). s Combining spatial analysis with value-chain analysis is a powerful
a Maximise opportunities 6.7 tool for strategic land-use planning. It involves identifying key n for processing plant waste d infrastructure and synergies or potential conflicts between activities
and establishing other p and assists in deciding the best use of land and locations for o value-adding activities
li development to maximise a region’s economic competitiveness. (for example, co-location c
i of biofuel production with e s livestock enterprises).
infrastructure (for example, Forestry Dairying and livestock water, energy and waste Support appropriately production and processing facilities), particularly around 6.12 located low to medium Co-locate intensive primary processing facilities that are 6.8 rainfall plantation forestry industries and compatible buffered from residential and associated industries. processing activities to areas reduce land use conflict Maximise opportunities for and achieve efficiencies 6.10 processing animal waste and Mineral resources in production, processing, the establishment of other 6.13 Establish and maintain distribution, energy use related activities. appropriate separation and waste recycling, taking distances around mining into account environmental, 6.11 Plan for intensive dairy operations, other significant infrastructure and rural production in the inland mineral resources to prevent amenity issues while areas from Tailem Bend encroachment by housing ensuring the integrity of to Meningie and down to and other development that biosecurity. Tintinara in accordance may affect the viability of with PIRSA, EPA and Focus dairy farming in the resource extraction. 6.9 NRM guidelines to meet lower River Murray and biosecurity, environmental Lower Lakes in order to and public health maximise the use of existing requirements. and planned
42 The Monarto Zoological Park While the South Australian Tourism Principle 7 is an internationally recognised Plan 2009–2014 provides broad Reinforce the region conservation facility providing direction for the marketing and over 1000 hectares of flora management of the industry, as a preferred tourism and fauna sanctuary and open the Responsible Nature-Based destination zoological park for the purposes Tourism Strategy 2004–2009 of wildlife conservation and provides detailed guidance The Murray and Mallee region public education, tourism and on the development of nature- contains some of the state’s recreational opportunities. A based tourism in the region (see most valued natural and heritage proposed multi-million dollar Box 5). The recently released assets, picturesque landscapes investment to improve and extend Murraylands Integrated Tourism and rustic towns that are uniquely the park’s accommodation, eco- Strategy provides similar guidance South Australian. The region’s camping and conference facilities at regional and local levels. There clean, green and natural image would assist in meeting the are also opportunities to promote enhances its appeal as a tourist demand for high-class ecotourism the region’s cultural heritage destination. facilities in the region. assets and link these to the tourism industry. The main drawcards are the River Murray and the Coorong. River- based recreation is the most important contributor to tourism. Box 5—The relationship between sustainable, nature-based and ecotourism The houseboat business in particular relies on the character and natural environment of the river for its survival. Sustainable tourism meets the current needs of tourists and regions while protecting and enhancing opportunities for the future. It The southern part of the region involves management of all resources in such a way that economic, offers opportunities for camping social and aesthetic needs can be fulfilled while maintaining cultural and four-wheel drive expeditions integrity, essential ecological processes, biological diversity and life in Conservation Parks, including support systems. the Ngarkat, Carcuma, Peebinga Nature-based tourism is any sustainable tourism activity or and Karte. The northern part experience that relates to the natural environment, whether for offers similar opportunities in relaxation, discovery or adventure. the mallee and rangeland areas associated with the Riverland Ecotourism is a niche segment where the key motivation is Biosphere Reserve (for example, learning, appreciation and conservation. It is low-capacity, discrete, the Birds Australia Gluepot educational, conservation-minded and returns tangible benefits to Reserve). Important tourism the local community and/or natural resource. opportunities also exist in the eastern parts of the region, in Source: South Australian Tourism Commission. particular the Mount Lofty Ranges.
43 Chapter D Chapter A recent initiative of the Coorong the provision of good quality, `` scenic tourist drives, Council in partnership with environmentally sound and particularly through the Regional Development Australia affordable accommodation that Riverland, the Coorong (Murraylands and Riverland) is linked to the natural riverine, and the eastern hills to the
P is the acquisition of the former mallee and coastal landscapes, mid-Murray r
i Mitsubishi Test Track at Tailem conservation parks and/or n `` designated four-wheel c Bend and establishment of the character of towns
i drive trails, especially in p Tailem Bend Motorsports Park. l the provision of facilities that the Mallee
e An investment of $100 million incorporate and support the s has been secured to develop this `` natural and rural
a business/conventions and
n facility and attract major motor landscapes, including meetings trade d sport events and associated historic farmhouses in p commercial/industrial activities to the provision of opportunities scenic locations o li the region. for high-quality, low-impact, `` the River Murray, creeks c eco-friendly, walk-in/walk- i and anabranches e A fundamental issue affecting out tourism in suitable s tourism is the availability of good environments `` Ramsar-listed wetlands; quality budget (two- to three-star) wilderness protection the development of off-river and high end (four- to five-star) areas; National Parks and marina and mooring facilities accommodation, particularly: conservation reserves; for houseboat businesses and Lakes Bonney, Albert the development of quality vessel owners. accommodation for diverse and Alexandrina; and interest groups that is linked to the Riverland Biosphere existing and planned scenic Policies Reserve, including trails (for example, the Mallee 7.1 Protect, enhance and Danggali Wilderness tracks) and Conservation Parks promote the assets that Protection Area and attract tourists and are of Conservation Park, the maintenance and value to the community, Chowilla Regional upgrading of existing including: Reserve and Chowilla accommodation, including Game Reserve caravan parks and camping `` open space and walking facilities, to contemporary and and cycling trail networks, `` heritage, cultural and/or eco-friendly standards including potential trails built character of towns, along the River Murray including town entrances and former rail corridors or gateways
44 `` caravan parks, campsites, `` Renmark as the launching 7.4 Increase visual access to motor homes facilities point for eco- and the riverine environments (that is, large sites with water-based tourism in by establishing lookouts, effluent disposal facilities) the Chowilla Regional walking trails, picnic areas outside of the floodplain Reserve, as well as a and interpretive signage in gateway to South Australia appropriate locations. `` unique archaeological for interstate visitors and geological features. 7.5 Support the houseboat `` the Riverland as a wine, holiday experience along the Reinforce the desired roles 7.2 food and cultural heritage River Murray by providing of various towns and areas in destination. mooring sites linked to the Murray and Mallee tourist towns, conservation reserves experience, including: These towns and areas and natural environments should be protected by `` Mannum as the visitor while protecting facilitating their limited gateway to the River environmentally sensitive and compact expansion; Murray; Meningie as the areas. retaining and strengthening gateway to the Coorong; towns’ functions; ensuring Facilitate tourism-related and Waikerie as the 7.6 visual separation of these developments such as gateway to the Riverland towns; and promoting high restaurants, specialist `` Murray Bridge and quality design to protect retail and accommodation Tailem Bend as important scenic landscapes and that add value to existing gateways to and tourism productive agricultural/ economic activities. destinations for the region horticultural areas. 7.7 Develop the foreshore areas `` Barmera and Meningie 7.3 Provide for good quality, in towns for community/ as lakeside towns with environmentally sound tourist public recreation to attract unique character accommodation that is linked tourists and create an inviting to the natural landscape and/ link between towns and `` Blanchetown, Swan or character of towns, and water bodies. Reach and Morgan as upgrade existing caravan service towns for tourists parks and camping facilities along the southern River to contemporary standards, Murray including the provision of `` Lameroo, Pinnaroo and high-quality, low-impact, Tintinara as centres for eco-friendly, walk-in/walk- nature-based and four- out tourism in suitable wheel drive tourism; environments. Pinnaroo is also a gateway to South Australia for interstate visitors
45 Chapter D Chapter Policies `` an efficient, safe and Principle 8 functional arterial road 8.1 Provide a supply of well- Provide and protect sited and serviced industrial freight network that land in Berri, Renmark, minimises the impacts P serviced and well-sited of freight movements on r Murray Bridge, Monarto and
i industrial land to meet neighbouring areas n Tailem Bend, and encourage c projected demand the clustering of related i `` access to required energy p
l activities. and water supplies.
e Industries supporting the s processing of primary produce 8.2 Ensure an adequate supply Support the growth of 8.4 a of appropriately located n and minerals play a critical renewable energy and green d role in the regional economy, industrial land to provide technologies by setting p providing local employment and opportunities for small-scale aside employment lands and o li strengthening the comparative and local industries in towns ensuring flexibility in zoning c advantage of the region. Industry where there is sufficient to allow new industries to i e activities are best located on demand and where such establish. s identified road and rail freight developments would support Retain and support ongoing routes. the desired town character. 8.5 industrial operations by These industries range from 8.3 Site and locate industrial providing for appropriate major agricultural equipment land to facilitate: buffers to minimise conflicts manufacturing and maintenance `` management of interfaces and manage external to small-scale engineering firms with residential areas impacts, such as noise, and home-based trades. The and other sensitive uses vibrations, odour and native identification of suitable sites to ensure adequate vegetation disturbance. for these activities and ensuring protection from noise appropriate zoning to meet 8.6 Provide for the development demand will provide greater `` protect existing industrial of well-sited and certainty to potential investors areas from encroachment appropriately scaled and inform the planning and by residential and other value-adding (processing provision of infrastructure. This non-industrial land uses and storage) activities is particularly important as the that complement local `` optimal use of existing region is positioned to take agriculture, horticulture, and planned infrastructure advantage of proximity to the livestock, and mining (for example, wastewater emerging mining ventures in the activities. re-use plants) north and east of the state, while 8.7 Provide for the establishment building on its existing industrial `` provision for future of facilities in appropriate base. expansion locations to support new `` accordance with EPA markets and products for policies, codes of practice recycled materials, including and guidelines animal waste products.
46 Policies 9.7 Commercial areas proposed Principle 9 outside of town centres must Reinforce the regional 9.1 demonstrate that they: Focus commercial commercial and service role development in key of Murray Bridge, Renmark `` will avoid adverse centres and ensure it is and Berri as the foci of incremental or cumulative major retail, commercial, impacts on existing town well sited and designed administrative, education, centres health, justice and `` will avoid adverse impacts The business and administrative recreational developments in on primary production services, retail and wholesale the region. sectors employ nearly one quarter activities of the region’s workforce. In Reinforce the major 9.2 `` are clustered rather than land-use planning terms, these commercial and services linear development and sectors are collectively known role of Loxton and Waikerie do not adversely affect as ‘commercial activities’, and as the foci of secondary the efficiency and safety include shops, offices, banks, retail, commercial, of arterial roads retail showrooms, personal administrative, education, services, and government health and recreational `` are convenient, services such as motor developments in the region. accessible and safe, including by walking and registration. Reinforce the supporting 9.3 cycling Tourism and population growth commercial and services will drive further expansion of role of Mannum, Lameroo, `` are supportive of the commercial activities in the region. Karoonda and Tailem Bend. desired future character of the town Focusing major commercial 9.4 Reinforce the supporting activities that service the region rural services role of `` are not using land of or major subregions in a selected Pinnaroo and Swan Reach. strategic importance to number of towns supports the industry. ongoing viability of these activities 9.5 Proposals for major and enables people to undertake commercial areas in towns 9.8 Prevent linear/ribbon several activities in one place. other than those identified development along major This approach aims to support the in 9.1–9.4 must demonstrate roads to support an efficient future provision of public transport that they support and road network. complement the commercial services. Ensure new commercial functions of these towns 9.9 development and both incrementally and commercial zones do cumulatively in the long term. not expose residents to 9.6 Locate commercial activities unacceptable noise levels. in existing town centres or commercial zones, which should be expanded where necessary to support activity commensurate with the town role.
47 pu op lation and settlements Chapter D Chapter Overview Table D1 – Murray and Mallee region: land area required for dwellings based on density (dwellings per hectare) and occupancy rate (people per dwelling) The region is planning for an additional 23,321 people during the next 30 years. To P Land area required (hectares) r accommodate this growth, a Required new homes i n significant number of new homes (for 23,321 people) at 8.5 dph* at 10 dph* at 13 dph* c
i will need to be built with the p 9717 @ 2.4 people per home 1143 972 747 l number dependent on prevailing e occupancy rates (that is, the s
11,105 @ 2.1 people per home 1306 1111 854 a average number of people living n in each home). d 12,956 @ 1.8 people per home 1524 1296 997 p Table D1 illustrates the number o
li of dwellings that would be * Dwellings per hectare. c required (depending on the i e occupancy rate) and the land s area (in hectares) necessary to As an example, occupancy rates The region currently has more accommodate the new homes, in Murray Bridge are about 2.4 than 590 hectares (ha) of land depending on the overall density people per home/dwelling unit. As zoned residential, 650 ha of land (that is, the average number of the population ages, occupancy zoned deferred urban and 1650 dwellings per hectare). rates are expected to decrease, ha of land zoned for rural living, while dwelling density may which could accommodate an increase as older people move estimated 7500 dwellings (see into smaller homes. Table D2).
Additional demand for new homes in towns is also expected, as retirees living in rural areas move close to health and community services and aged care facilities. Table D1 provides an estimated range of the number of dwellings and land area that will be required to accommodate growth targets. Further investigations will be necessary to inform the Murray and Mallee Region Plan during the ongoing review of the Plan.
48 Population and settlements Map D3
49 Chapter D Chapter More recently, the South professionals. The region’s social Priorities for councils Australian Government’s Riverland infrastructure needs include Develop Structure Plans of key Futures Prospectus project education, health, sport, libraries, towns to manage growth while (2008) has recommended a community centres and childcare retaining town and landscape P population growth target for the facilities while efficient broadband r amenity
i Riverland region of 7000 people access is necessary to deliver n
c over the next 30 years, which distance learning and to support Undertake an audit of housing i p would require an additional 3180 business development and needs of older people and l
e new dwellings (assuming an growth. current supply to identify gaps s occupancy rate of 2.2 people in this segment of the housing
a The development of the Riverland n per dwelling). To accommodate Hub, a website designed to market d this growth, the three Riverland
provide a ‘one stop shop’ of Identify the desired character p Councils (Berri-Barmera Council, o information about the region’s of towns (and parts of towns) to li District Council of Loxton-Waikerie health services, community guide the design of buildings c and District Council of Renmark- i services, events (what’s on), local and public places e Paringa) have embarked on a s government, sporting events program of Structure Plans and and so forth, is expected to be Reinforce the primary service Development Plan Amendments launched in early 2011. and commercial roles of the to ensure that sufficient residential major towns and employment land is suitably The Plan provides principles and Undertake Structure Plans zoned and available to encourage policies aimed at ensuring that: in Aboriginal communities to investment in the region. there is a supply of zoned guide growth and development While the Plan seeks to prepare land suitable for residential the region for an ageing development Develop a Structure Plan for population, policies are also Murray Bridge to guide growth growth occurs according to and development. needed to attract and retain town role and function young and working-age people to balance the increase in the growth is directed towards proportion of older people during towns with health, education, the next 30 years. community, childcare and aged care services/facilities Among the social infrastructure required in the region, more a diversity of housing (including housing in the main regional affordable housing) is achieved centres is a priority to support town growth is managed to industrial development. In more enable important primary remote locations, sufficient production land and housing is the key to attracting environmentally sensitive areas and retaining staff, especially to be preserved.
50 Table D2 – Murray and Mallee region: residential land supply
Residential zones Deferred urban zones Rural living zones Town Area (ha) Dwell est.a Area (ha) Dwell est.a Area (ha) Dwell est.a
Murray Bridge 224.76 2247.60 533.33 4533.30 664.70 332.00
Renmark 71.95 719.50 77.47 658.50 27.83 92.70
Berri 74.36 743.60 45.50 386.70 n/a n/a
Loxton 127.26 1272.60 n/a n/a 111.90 223.80
Waikerie 40.34 403.40 182.00 1547.00 56.60 113.20
Mannum 54.60 546.00 n/a n/a 496.62 248.31
Tailem Bend 20.40 204.00 n/a n/a 110.34 55.17
Karoonda 9.70 97.00 n/a n/a 55.06 22.00
Lameroo 8.30 83.00 n/a n/a 142.90 285.80
a Estimates based on: residential zones = 10 dwellings per hectare; deferred urban zones = 10 dwellings per hectare less 15 per cent (to account for land used for non-residential purposes); rural living zones = the average rural living allotment for each council.
household waste collection, protect important scenic and Principle 10 water supplies/treatment, natural landscapes and areas Strategically plan and energy transmission of environmental and primary production significance. manage the growth of enable the treatment and towns re-use of wastewater and Population growth in the region stormwater has mainly occurred in the larger centres, in particular Murray The Plan supports the build on existing and planned Bridge. Given Murray Bridge’s consolidation of population growth business, service and proximity to Adelaide, it has in existing settlements to: infrastructure investment limit development in places reduce the population’s that are difficult to service vulnerability to increased fuel adequately with, for example, and transport costs
51 Chapter D Chapter been designated in The 30-Year A planned approach to Policies Plan for Greater Adelaide as a development seeks to balance the 10.1 Focus growth and focus of major urban growth, with range of competing interests. The development in existing some 13,400 additional people Plan seeks to focus development towns and settlements P (representing a 40 per cent in existing settlements and towns r based on their roles and
i increase in population) anticipated to: n functions, as described in c in the centre and surrounds during build on existing and planned Principle 9 and shown on i p the next 30 years.
l business opportunities Map D3. e Clarifying the current and s maximise service and 10.2 The expansion of towns
a desired roles of various towns infrastructure development should: n in supporting businesses and d
communities was a driving force protect scenic and `` ensure new areas are p o for the preparation of the Plan. environmentally significant continuous with and form li How well the region functions in landscapes compact extensions of c
i the future depends on having a existing built-up areas, e protect rural land of importance s considered mix of town roles and and prevent linear to industry. functions. development along the Key considerations are the For future development, WSUD river, coast and arterial location of existing social and techniques can be applied during roads the design stage to achieve economic infrastructure, travel `` not encroach on areas of several environmental objectives, distances, population and visitor importance to economic such as improving stormwater numbers, and the surrounding development natural environment and capture and reducing demand on productive land. the River Murray. `` not encroach on Identifying and effectively environmentally sensitive Managing the growth of towns areas along the River Murray is a managing suitable sites for waste priority. Towns in this area must be facilities to meet the needs of the `` not encroach upon current well designed to facilitate growth expected increase in residents or future potential arterial while retaining town character, and tourists is essential to bypass roads productive viticultural and creating healthy communities and protecting the environment. `` support the cost-effective agricultural land, and protecting provision of infrastructure the scenic riverine landscapes EPA guidelines and building codes provide guidance on the and services such as that are valued by residents and health and education,, visitors alike. management of waste, wastewater and stormwater to prevent risk to avoiding unnecessary public and environmental health. expansion or duplication of existing regional infrastructure and services
52 `` promote strong physical 10.4 Build on the cultural/ 10.10 Restrict ad hoc construction linkages between all parts heritage tourist focus of of isolated rural dwellings of the town, particularly Morgan, Sedan and Truro by and subdivision of between residential areas, strengthening heritage and rural lands through the town centres, sporting town character. planned expansion of and recreational facilities, towns, increasing density Build on the character and and open space 10.5 within town boundaries, cultural heritage of the appropriate intensification `` promote development lakeside towns of Meningie of existing rural living zones on vacant land, surplus and Barmera. and strategic designation government land and infill Provide a range of aged care of new rural living zones sites, and renew existing 10.6 accommodation (locating outside areas of primary developed areas (where supported aged care production significance. it does not compromise accommodation in towns town character or Prevent the expansion and/or with health services). 10.11 heritage) in preference to intensification of existing, or broadacre or greenfield 10.7 Provide opportunities for creation of new, rural living sites lifestyle/retirement village zones in areas of primary type accommodation. production significance. `` locate land for rural living in towns in such a way 10.8 Manage the interface that opportunities for between primary production future town expansion are activities and urban areas retained through appropriate separation buffers, such as `` retain a functional and open spaces, parkland strips visual separation between and screening vegetation, towns and appropriate alignment of `` allow for the incorporation allotment boundaries. of WSUD features to Manage waste in enable treatment and 10.9 accordance with the Zero re-use of wastewater and Waste SA hierarchy of waste stormwater. management practices 10.3 Development in areas (from the most preferred remote from infrastructure to least preferred: avoid, should be self-sufficient in reduce, re-use, recycle, energy, water supplies and recover, treat, dispose) by wastewater management. ensuring that settlements and developments have appropriate space, facilities, access and construction methods.
53 Chapter D Chapter Policies throughout the region Principle 11 in accordance with the 11.1 Reinforce those elements Design towns to (natural and built) that Murraylands Recreation contribute to the unique Sport and Open Space P provide safe, healthy, Strategy (2002), Riverland r character and identity of
i accessible and appealing Regional Recreation, Sport n towns, including landscapes, c environments building design, streetscape and Open Space Strategy i p (2004) and the Sustainable
l design and built heritage.
e The way in which towns across Recreation Guide: How s the Murray and Mallee region 11.2 Establish and retain distinct to Have Fun With Minimal a and attractive entrances to n are designed influences not Impact on the River Murray d only how they look, but also how towns. (2007–08). p well they function. The ease and o 11.3 Retain town centres as the `` walking and cycling li safety of getting around town, focus of retail, commercial, facilities in towns, giving c the accessibility of services i recreational, entertainment, consideration to the needs e and facilities, and a sense of s community and civic activities of people of different community and civic pride, are all in accordance with the role ages and physical and influenced by town design. and function of the town. intellectual abilities. Towns, and parts of towns, Locate health, community can develop a strong identity 11.4 11.8 Develop safer towns and education facilities and sense of place that can by incorporating crime and services where the build on local history, unique prevention through community will have natural features (that is, river, environmental design equitable access. coast and mallee), and future (CPTED) principles and consulting with the South aspirations. This identity should 11.5 Provide strong linkages be determined, in part, by those between the town centres Australia Police. who live there. and key sites of tourism 11.9 Design all developments Features such as building height, interest, such as the river. to minimise their visual and physical intrusiveness and rooflines, scale, materials and 11.6 Manage interfaces between building setbacks can be used in residential and industrial ensure they are sympathetic new developments to contribute areas and town centres to to cultural and landscape to, rather than detract from, town avoid potential conflicts. features and contribute to the and landscape character. desired character of the area. 11.7 Encourage active lifestyles Areas containing obsolete/ by providing: 11.10 Apply WSUD principles to aged housing stock should all new development and be progressively redeveloped `` a range of open space, public open spaces, and through urban renewal programs. sport and recreation encourage their application facilities in towns and to existing development.
54 Policies 12.7 Provide for 15 per cent Principle 12 affordable housing, including 12.1 Ensure there is a continuous Provide residential land supply of land for residential a 5 per cent component for a supply of diverse, development (including an for high needs housing, identified 15-year supply in all new significant affordable and sustainable from both greenfield sites housing developments, housing to meet the needs and land for urban renewal). in accordance with the of current and future Housing Plan for South 12.2 Ensure that appropriately Australia (2005). Significant residents and visitors serviced towns provide a developments include range of housing types and housing provided through: Careful planning is required to densities to enable people ensure an adequate supply of to stay in their community as `` surplus government land housing to meet the needs of their housing needs change `` major developments people who live and work in and to cater for the region’s the region, taking into account changing demographics. `` re-zoning that increases demographic changes such as dwelling potential. the ageing population. Population 12.3 Provide opportunities for 12.8 Actively involve Aboriginal growth will be driven primarily by higher density housing near town centres in towns people and newly arrived local and regional employment overseas migrants in planning opportunities. Retirees and holiday identified for growth, in particular Murray Bridge. for housing supply to ensure home owners could potentially their needs are met. add to overall housing demand. 12.4 Provide a range of Retain caravan parks, and Housing for temporary, seasonal accommodation for older 12.9 support the use of some and lower income workers to people and people with a parks for affordable rental support the livestock processing, disability, and focus high- housing, particularly for viticulture, horticulture and level care accommodation in temporary accommodation. mining industries will need to be towns with health services. considered, particularly in the 12.5 Ensure that land is made Southern Mallee, Riverland and available for public and Murray Bridge areas. social housing in towns with Housing preferences and needs a service role. differ, depending on such things Encourage the provision as age, health, income and 12.6 of rental housing and cultural background. Areas in accommodation in locations towns across the region need where there is high demand to be identified to provide a from people employed in range of housing types, ensuring local industries. compatibility with town character, landscapes, environmental and industry needs, and availability of infrastructure and services.
55 56 infrastructure and service provision
Chapter E
57 infas r tructure and service provision
Chapter E Chapter E inf Chapter This chapter discusses the The priorities identified for the Further, the provision of implications of the Murray and Murray and Mallee region in the infrastructure should be linked Mallee Region Plan for the Strategic Infrastructure Plan are with the Murray and Mallee provision and coordination of listed on the following pages. The Region Plan to ensure industrial infrastructure and services across Murray and Mallee Region Plan and commercial land is market-
r the region. confirms these priorities, clarifies ready when it is needed, and as The State Government recognises where they are most required and appropriate services are provided t the importance of integrating land identifies other potential demands to support the population r on infrastructure and services. and visitors. This is crucial to uc use and infrastructure planning. ensure, firstly, that funding is
t This approach aims to build In general, minor infrastructure u strong and healthy communities is the responsibility of the not prematurely invested in r infrastructure and services and, e and ensure industrial and landowner. Given the long a commercial land supplies remain lead times associated with second, to avoid underutilisation. n This reinforces the need for d competitive by making the best industrial development, the state
ongoing information gathering and s use of existing infrastructure government and other providers e liaison with the private sector and r capacity and ensuring new need to plan, coordinate and v infrastructure and services are budget for infrastructure. This local government on industry and i c community needs.
e strategically planned for and is particularly important with
pr proceed in a timely manner. large parcels of land that have While on hold at the time of the been identified as key future Plan’s publication, the proposed o The Strategic Infrastructure Plan vi for South Australia (2005–06) supply sites, but have significant expansion of the Mobilong Prison s constraints. has highlighted the need for i is the first step in developing a on coordinated long-term approach critical infrastructure investment to infrastructure and service in Murray Bridge, including a provision throughout the state. metropolitan bus service, road It provides a framework for and stormwater upgrades, as the planning and delivery of well as a range of social and infrastructure and services by all community services that are government and private sector required to properly service a providers, and identifies priorities growing regional population. for each region.
58 Priorities for the Murray and `` identifying and resolving Transport infrastructure implications Upgrade the Sturt Highway to Mallee region identified in for the development of the Strategic Infrastructure support export-related freight areas that have high movement, including: Plan for South Australia, productive potential Regional Overview, 2005- and provide the lowest `` constructing overtaking ecological impact on the lanes and alignment 06–2014-15 river improvements Land (economic development) Continue the Murray–Darling `` undertaking safety Examine the feasibility of Basin Authority infrastructure improvements at key developing industrial land at program, including sand locations, including Tailem Bend. pumping at the River Murray Renmark, Berri and mouth, barrage/weir upgrades Monash Develop additional serviced and salt interception schemes. industrial land in the Berri and `` assessing alternatives to Renmark areas. Investigate opportunities for the the Paringa Bridge across re-use of wastewater from high- the River Murray. Natural assets volume industrial sources for Complete the River Murray ferry irrigation or industry in Murray Rehabilitate the Lower Murray refurbishment program. Bridge and the Riverland. irrigation areas. Investigate the need to upgrade Develop and implement transport infrastructure to Water and wastewater a master plan to manage support mineral sands mining.7 Manage salinity impacts by: stormwater flows resulting from severe rainfalls in Murray Bridge. Consider the general aviation `` promoting improved potential of Murray Bridge. farming practices Extend community wastewater management systems (CMWS) including more efficient Energy use of land and irrigation to the smaller towns to maximise wastewater re-use. Provide electricity infrastructure water to support mineral sands `` installing salt interception mining8 and irrigation industry schemes where expansion. applicable along the river Expand infrastructure, particularly three-phase power, to attract poultry industry investment.
7 This has changed with the closure of the Australian Zircon mineral sands mine at Mindarie. 8 As above.
59 Chapter E inf Chapter Information and communication Arts, culture and heritage Waste management technology (ICT) Upgrade the Chaffey Theatre at Develop a short-term waste- Identify and map demand for Renmark.10 management plan. broadband services. Investigate and implement Develop a business case that Recreation and sport solutions for long-term waste r as identifies sufficient aggregated Review the use of existing disposal. facilities and determine the t demand to justify installation of r broadband. feasibility of establishing uc Science, technology and a multi-purpose sport and innovation t recreation facility in the Murray u Health Construct a demonstration r Bridge area. e Provide more aged care aquaculture facility using salt a facilities and services interception schemes around n Education and training d (residential and community Waikerie.
Rejuvenate local schools to s care) to meet the needs of an e support the improved use and Identify infrastructure r ageing population. requirements for a commercial v integration of services. i
c Continue upgrading hospital aquaculture operation. e facilities to support the co- Undertake planned capital pr located delivery of primary works at Mannum schools and o health care services, including Riverland special schools. vi general practice, allied health, s Ensure that future infrastructure i on mental health and Aboriginal requirements, including ICT, health programs. at TAFE support the expected growth in the primary and allied Justice and emergency services industries. Redevelop the courthouse Expand the capacity of and extend the regional police childcare facilities. facility at Berri.9 Undertake extensions at Community services and Mobilong Prison, Murray housing Bridge. Consider affordable housing Replace the cell block at Cadell options for seasonal workers in Training Centre, Cadell. relevant areas.
9 This work has been completed. 10 This work has been completed.
60 Infrastructure works Other infrastructure and improving traffic safety at Barmera currently underway service priorities and issues Infrastructure works currently The planning process leading increasing the capacity of underway in the region that are to the development of the Plan gas supply to the Mallee and intended to improve safety and identified several other priorities Riverland areas, including traffic efficiency include: and issues related to infrastructure connections to Loxton, Renmark and Waikerie, as $100 million over six years from and service provision in the region. These include: a result of growing industry 2008–09 demand. improving north–south access $20 million for the Southern between communities and for allow for future electricity Eastern Freeway/Princess freight vehicles during harvest, transmission upgrades by Highway (state funding) and managing potential provision and protection of $80 million for the Dukes conflicts between cars and corridors parallel to existing Highway (Commonwealth large freight vehicles infrastructure or where funding) under the Nation identified by ElectraNet explore the need and Building Program justification of upgrading the upgrading to three-phase upgrade of the Adelaide– Bower Boundary Road should power in some areas to support Melbourne road corridor, industry develop in the area intensive animal production and including construction of industry support the development of an overtaking lanes, alignment east-west rail freight bypass improving broadband improvements, intersection route to remove heavy rail availability throughout the upgrades, roadside hazard freight from the Adelaide Hills region protection and new and upgraded rest areas. support the development of upgrade the Murray Bridge a north-south road freight Wastewater Treatment Plant corridor linking the SE freeway to address the long-term at Monarto to the Sturt Highway sustainability of wastewater and the Mid North services and treated effluent disposal in Murray Bridge investigate the feasibility of establishing an intermodal investigate opportunities for transport hub at Monarto the re-use of wastewater from domestic sources for municipal investigate the concept of purposes and crop production a new River Murray bridge crossing, from the Sturt Highway deviation (north of Berri) linking through to the Loxton/Mildura route
61 Chapter E inf Chapter using community wastewater creating master plans for management systems (CWMS) stormwater disposal in towns to combat increased pressure such as Mannum and Renmark on wastewater facilities that have high development associated with residential pressure
r development and tourist reducing the impact and as facilities reliance on the River Murray, t
r upgrading aerodromes and air particularly as a result of uc services, especially at Renmark climate change
t and Murray Bridge u managing Lower Lakes water r improving access to health quality and quantity e
a services and education/training upgrading ferries and n facilities locally, regionally and d associated facilities to deal with
to Adelaide will potentially s low water levels e increase demand for public r
v transport services identifying, protecting and i c conserving environmentally e encourage further investment sensitive areas pr into the recently established
o Monarto to Tailem Bend identifying the need for a vi commercial corridor government investigation into, s
i and investment in, renewable on develop the Murraylands energy Education and Law Precinct in Murray Bridge to provide consolidating and co-locating a centralised facility sporting, recreational, accommodating the regional educational, rehabilitation and headquarters of the SA Police, health-related facilities law courts and a range of improve water and power education and legal services infrastructure to service catering to industry and industrial expansion at community needs Renmark. growing resident and tourist numbers will potentially place pressure on recreation and sporting facilities
62 appendices
63 appendix 1 How the Plan was developed APP Figure 3 – Planning process for the Murray and Mallee Region Plan EN
D Compile background data Planning Strategy for Regional South Australia I Stage (Jan. 2003, as amended at Dec. 2007) C Input from councils, regional development boards E
S and South Australian Government agencies Output 1 Spatial and statistical data Issues paper, resource atlas, regional profile
Interpret and analyse Synthesis and analysis – DPLG, in discussion with Stage councils and regional development boards and South Workshops Australian Government agencies Confirm issues and priorities Output 2 SWOT analysis and map vision SWOT summary, vision maps, areas of focus
Stage Test and refine Output Draft Murray and Mallee Region Plan (including maps Meetings with regional bodies to explore representing preferred vision for region and strategic specific issues 3 priorities to guide actions over the next 2–5 years)
Stage Prepare draft Output Draft Murray and Mallee Region Plan Reconvene workshop groups to present draft spatial plan and seek feedback Forward to Minister for Urban Development and 4 Planning for consideration for public consultation
Stage Release and consult Output Feedback from community and industry on draft Murray Release of draft Plan for public consultation and Mallee Region Plan 5 Seek feedback
Stage Finalise and release Output Murray and Mallee Region Plan – A volume of the South Refine document based on feedback Australian Planning Strategy Forward to Minister for Urban Development and 6 Planning for consideration to release
64 65 appendix 2 I manfor tion about the murray and mallee region APP The Murray and Mallee region Figure 2.1 – Population distribution by settlement size, Murray and Mallee region, 2006
EN covers more than 53,938 square kilometres11 and was home D
I to 69,341 people at the 2006 C 12 E Census. Nearly half (47.3 per S cent) of these people live in the larger towns (those with more than 1000 residents); and just under half live on farms or in towns of less than 200 people (see Figure 2.1). The River Murray dominates the western and northern sections of the region, where towns and settlements and older irrigation areas are located close to the river. In the region’s eastern section the dominant landscape consists of sandy soils and mallee 37% >2500 (Murray Bridge, Renmark, 4% 500 - 1000 (Paringa, Meningie, scrub and the dominant activities Berri, Loxton) Pinnaroo) are broadacre irrigation using groundwater and dry-land farming. 10% 1000 - 2500 (Mannum, Barmera, 1% 200 - 500 (Lameroo) 48% <200 Waikerie, Tailem Bend) Murray Bridge is the largest population centre in the region, and Loxton, Berri and Renmark are the main regional centres Meningie service the southern towns along the river that provide for the Riverland. Waikerie is an part of the region while Lameroo services for locals and visitors. important centre in the Riverland and Pinnaroo also have important Numerous shack settlements West area as it services local interstate connections with the of various sizes are also spread communities from Blanchetown, Mallee area of Victoria. Mannum, along the river, resulting in a Morgan and Cadell to Taylorville on the River Murray, is a popular transient population that swells and Ramco. Tailem Bend and town for tourism and recreation, during school and public holidays Karoonda are important towns and there are several smaller and weekends. for bulk grain handling and services. Lameroo, Pinnaroo and
11 This includes the unincorporated land in the region’s north, as well as land under the control of local councils. 12 Australian Bureau of Statistics, ‘Basic Community Profile’, 2006 Census of Population and Housing, ABS, Canberra, 2007.
66 South Australia’s major road INFRASTRUCTURE AND The South Eastern Freeway is and rail routes to the eastern a standard, duplicated road states interweave across the SERVICES from just west of Swanport region, providing strategic links A range of infrastructure and Bridge to the end of the to Adelaide in the west; the services supports the region’s corridor at its intersection with Riverland, Murraylands, Mallee, communities and economy. Cross and Portrush roads in New South Wales and Victoria in Adelaide. B-double trucks can the east; and the Coorong, South- Transport operate the entire length of the East and Great Ocean Road in Melbourne–Adelaide corridor. the south. Road The draft strategy for the The region’s economy centres National Land Transport Network Melbourne–Adelaide corridor on primary production and highways traverse the region, identifies the following priorities: processing. Murray Bridge, Berri linking South Australia with `` maintain and rehabilitate and Renmark in particular play New South Wales and Victoria. ageing road sections, important manufacturing and The Commonwealth and State including improvement to primary product processing roles. governments have prepared draft shoulder seals and seal Tourism and associated services road corridor strategies for the widths are also significant economic corridors’ long-term (20–25 years) contributors, particularly in many development. The main corridors `` identify long-term of the smaller towns. The region in the Murray and Mallee region solutions to safety and is a popular holiday destination are the Melbourne–Adelaide amenity issues associated for more than 711,000 overnight corridor, the Sydney–Adelaide with the freight rail system visitors a year. Most of these corridor and the Mallee Highway, through the Adelaide Hills visitors are South Australian (77.4 which provides another route and from Gheringhap to per cent), many of whom own or between Sydney and Adelaide. Melbourne rent holiday homes along the river The Melbourne–Adelaide `` continue program and houseboats. corridor is made up of the of rail upgrades and Dukes Highway and the maintenance to allow South Eastern Freeway. The more frequent 1,500 Dukes Highway is a single metre (and up to 1,800 carriageway highway with metre) trains, higher overtaking lanes from the average speeds and Victorian border to Tailem loads, including extended Bend (just west of the Princes and additional passing Highway intersection). A loops and upgrading dual carriageway road then the signalling and continues from Tailem Bend communication systems to Swanport Bridge, four kilometres south-east of Murray Bridge.
67 APP `` manage mixed traffic The north–south link from –– management of
EN conditions and general Langhorne Creek to the roadside hazard safety traffic growth at higher Barossa Valley through Monarto issues D
I trafficked points along the and Sedan (Ferris McDonald C –– management of local
E corridor Road) has been significantly
S access intersections upgraded using Australian `` long-term planning for with the Sturt Highway Government road grants. road system management on the South Australian This may eventually link to an for Melbourne – Ballarat sections of the corridor intermodal transport hub at and Mount Barker - Monarto. `` develop an integrated Adelaide The Sydney–Adelaide corridor corridor maintenance and `` consider additional follows the Sturt Highway from reconstruction plan that access capacity at Mount the Victorian border to the manages the corridor in Barker Gawler Bypass, terminating at a consistent way along its length `` manage fatigue related its connection to Main North safety issues and Road, Adelaide. It is the main `` upgrade the road corridor, roadside hazards road freight route between including progressive Sydney and Adelaide and is geometric improvements, `` manage road traffic also very important for tourism. intersection upgrades, issues (safety, amenity) at The Sturt Highway is the main lane and bridge widening, towns along the corridor northern interstate connector, shoulder sealing and including town bypasses providing a freight route from improved overtaking where appropriate the north to Outer Harbour and opportunities `` improve safety of at-grade Adelaide Airport. B-double `` mitigate corridor amenity road/rail crossings trucks can also use this entire corridor. issues, particularly `` improve sections of road potential conflicts with poor geometry and The draft strategy for the with residential and alignment Sydney–Adelaide corridor commercial land use identifies the following priorities: along the corridor and in `` identify the infrastructure urban areas and operational `` address corridor safety, implications associated particularly `` improve efficiency with the potential –– management of fatigue- and reliability related introduction of higher related safety issues, performance issues productivity vehicles and including evaluation particularly on the take measures to maintain and improvement of Cootamundra – Parkes travel time and safety corridor rest areas and section of the rail route. outcomes. truck parking areas to ensure consistency with the national guidelines for rest areas
68 The Mallee Highway provides north-east to south-west Air the most direct route between grain movements (from the The region has licensed airfields Sydney and Adelaide, and is Murraylands and Mallee areas at Loxton, Waikerie, Renmark and about 100 kilometres shorter to Tailem Bend) Meningie. Renmark and Waikerie than the Sturt Highway. a significant increase in potato have sealed runways, enabling The highway is particularly freight from the Mallee region, them to provide a higher level important for the Murraylands which now produces more of service. The region also has area. than 70 per cent of the state’s several unlicensed airfields, many Heavy vehicle movements in the potatoes for fresh vegetable of which are used by the Royal region are expected to increase, and processing requirements Flying Doctor Service. placing significant demands on the possible requirement of an the state and local road network. Public transport improved transport link from It will be important to maintain Mindarie to Tailem Bend to Community Passenger Network efficient transport links, especially service the development of a (CPN) offices provide information from local and lower-order arterial mineral sands deposit near and assistance to people who roads to major freight routes, if the Mindarie13 are disadvantaged because region’s economy is to grow. they lack transport. Assistance In addition to the National Land an increase in over-dimensional includes access to a wide variety Transport Network corridor freight from Port Augusta to of services, including medical priorities outlined above, other key Murray Bridge as a result of and shopping, and community road transport issues include: growth in the livestock industry and social activities. The CPN is in the Mid North region. funded by the state government’s long-haul east–west freight Public Transport Division, the movements between the Rail Commonwealth Home and Riverland and the Mid North The passenger and freight rail link Community Care Program, and along the Goyder Highway. local councils. Several private bus The proposal for a multi- between Adelaide and Melbourne passes through Tailem Bend, where companies also operate in the modal transport hub to the region. north of Adelaide could a junction connects to standard- generate increased road freight gauge lines terminating at Loxton There is increasing demand movement from the Riverland and Pinnaroo. These rail lines are for public transport services to and Victoria along this route used to transport grain to Port address social and community Adelaide for export. The Loxton needs, not only medical needs. the north–south freight link line could also be used in the near between wine-growing regions future for transporting mineral sands of the Barossa Valley and from Mindarie14 to Port Adelaide. Langhorne Creek
13 This will change if the Australian Zircon mineral sands mine is permanently closed after an operations review, which was announced in October 2009. 14 As above.
69 APP Electricity Loxton. This project leverages Cycling
EN off projects already established The transmission and distribution The relatively low traffic volumes, in the Riverland, Murraylands
D networks are privately owned wide streets and compact size of
I and Coorong and will result in C and operated. The region has the region’s towns make cycling
E around 50,000 rural premises
S five main connection systems— and walking attractive transport having access to improved at Mannum, Mobilong, Tailem and recreation options. Many broadband services. Altogether, Bend, Berri and North West Bend. towns have a Local Area Bicycle over $6 million in new broadband Distribution is from the 33 kilovolt Plan and most have extensive infrastructure will have been sub-transmission network or via footpaths and are developing invested in the region during the 12 distribution substations. cycling networks. The region’s past three years. The region’s main energy scenery and natural features lend As part of the National Broadband demands are for water pumping themselves to the development of Network, a new optical fibre for domestic, commercial cycling tourism. backbone will be built between and industrial uses, including Renmark and Gawler, serving irrigation and processing. Several townships along the route, Health services renewable energy exploration or including Berri and Waikerie. The region has 12 main health development activities, involving The network will also provide facilities plus six outreach clinics. hot rocks, wind and solar energy, new optical fibre connections Berri, Barmera, Loxton, Renmark, are occurring across the region. into homes and businesses at Waikerie, Lameroo, Pinnaroo and data rates of 100 Mbps and new Karoonda have public hospitals; Information and wireless and satellite connections while Murray Bridge, Mannum, communication technology at data rates of 12 Mbps. Tailem Bend and Meningie have private hospitals. Many of these (ICT) towns also have residential care The region has broadband Justice and emergency services and offer differing levels services in the major urban services of community health and aged centres but has had problems South Australian Police has care services. installing systems for the rural received funding to build a new Berri and Murray Bridge offer a areas. At the time of writing, police station at Murray Bridge, wide range of specialist health the Murraylands is the state’s the completion of which is due services, and Berri has been poorest served broadband region. in mid 2012. It was not known at designated as one of four general However, in February 2010 a new the time of publication if a new hospitals in country South project was announced that will court will be built simultaneously; Australia to have some services provide improved broadband however, provision is being made upgraded. The region has various services to the Southern to enable this to occur in the medical transport and bus Mallee region around One Tree future. services to take people to health Hill, Lameroo and Pinnaroo. appointments in Adelaide or within It will also provide improved the region. broadband coverage south of
70 The Strategy for Planning Country Education SA Water supplies wastewater Health Services in SA (December services to Murray Bridge and The region has 29 childcare 2008) clarifies each health Mannum. The Murray Bridge facilities (12 in the Riverland facility’s role and linkages, to wastewater treatment plant and 17 in the Murraylands), provide a more integrated and (WWTP) and sewerage network 93 government schools (39 sustainable service system. is currently near capacity. Future in the Riverland and 54 in the While maintaining the health anticipated growth requirements Murraylands), and 10 non- workforce in rural areas is posing are being reviewed and include government schools (seven challenges, the Riverland and options for relocating the in the Riverland and three in Murraylands have adequate plant. The Mannum WWTP is the Murraylands). TAFE has numbers, with international proposed to be relocated as part campuses at Murray Bridge, medical graduates filling the of the Mannum Waters marina Berri, Waikerie and Renmark. An shortfall in general practice. development. education precinct also has been Most of the region’s communities established at Murray Bridge. The River Murray is South are ageing and its health services Australia’s biggest multi-use The Flinders University of South need to respond to this. Other water resource. The water taken Australia is an important provider factors affecting health service from the river is mainly used for of tertiary education opportunities delivery include: irrigation, drinking water and in the region and is looking to other urban and industrial needs. business developments expand these services. creating new areas of demand, During drought, critical human such as a large new retirement needs take priority. village in Renmark Water In June 2003 the South Australian Community wastewater Government introduced water the proposed marina at management systems (CWMS) restrictions across the state Mannum service the major towns. The due to the impacts of drought the recruitment of migrant Commonwealth Government is throughout the Murray–Darling workers at Murray Bridge providing subsidy funding for Basin and the prospect of South wastewater re-use; as part of this Australia receiving less than its the role of health services in it has earmarked funds for CWMS entitlement flow. Water restrictions supporting individuals and projects in the Coorong, Murray will continue to be necessary communities affected by the Bridge, Southern Mallee, Renmark to ensure all River Murray water overall downturn in some Paringa, Berri Barmera and Loxton users, in and out of the region, horticultural industries, which Waikerie council areas. The have access for irrigation and has been compounded by government will provide about one- other purposes. More information drought. quarter of the total construction on these restrictions and the cost of these schemes—estimated South Australian River Murray at more than $15 million. Together, Drought Water Allocation Policy the schemes have the potential to can be found at
71 APP Rising groundwater levels in The Basin Salinity Management Water for Good Action 56:
EN some cleared areas have led Strategy 2001–2015 was Maintain a positive balance to the development of dry-land prepared by the Murray–Darling on the Murray-Darling Basin D
I salinity. Salinity impacts in the Basin Ministerial Council and its Authority’s Salinity Register, C
E River Murray System are also partner governments. It guides and continue to implement S a significant issue, with major communities and governments to strategies and actions to ensure implications for all water users, work together to control salinity the real time management of including critical human needs, and protect key natural resources salinity in the lower reaches irrigation and the environment in their catchments. The strategy of the River Murray remain itself. In South Australia highly establishes targets for the salinity at levels suitable for human saline groundwater flows naturally of each tributary valley and for consumption. into the River Murray at a high the Murray–Darling Basin itself. South Australia’s Strategic Plan rate; however, irrigation and, to a In addition, the forthcoming Target (T3.11): River Murray lesser extent, mallee clearance, Murray-Darling Basin Plan will Salinity – South Australia have accelerated the rate at which contain a Water Quality and maintains a positive balance saline groundwater is entering the Salinity Management Plan. While on the Murray-Darling Basin river and floodplain. To reduce this Plan is not due for release Authority’s Salinity Register. the flow into the river, several salt until late 2011, it may include interception schemes - in which additional water quality and All developments along the River extracted water is pumped to salinity objectives/targets for the Murray need to ensure that they an inland disposal basin - have lower River Murray to recognise will not adversely affect salinity been established in the Riverland; the need for river salinity to be levels. however, the basins have a limited managed system-wide. All significant water resources life span. The South Australian Government (including groundwater) in South In addition to salt interception has recently released a number Australia are either proclaimed or schemes, significant effort has of initiatives for water use and under a moratorium from further been directed to improving re-use: the Water for Good Plan, development irrigation water delivery and the Water-Sensitive Urban Design application efficiencies to reduce Technical Manual for Greater saline groundwater discharge, Adelaide, as well as South thereby maximising the benefits Australia’s Strategic Plan. These from such schemes and the initiatives contain many principles longevity of the disposal basins. and guidelines that can be applied to all urban development and buildings, examples of which include:
72 THE ENVIRONMENT The region retains 59 per cent of clearance, altered hydrology and native vegetation cover, although salinity. Many of the remaining only 16 per cent occurs in the stands are formally protected, Biodiversity agricultural portion, while 43 per either in government or private The South Australian Murray– cent occurs in the rangeland reserves including Heritage Darling Basin Natural Resources areas.15 The main threats to Agreement sites, which are also Management Board has divided biodiversity include fragmentation part of the Riverland Biosphere the basin into five units: the river and isolation, salinity, water Reserve program (an international corridor, the Coorong and Lower regulation and pollution, nature conservation initiative). Lakes, the Murray Mallee, the changing land uses, tourism and The reserve also contains Eastern Mount Lofty Ranges and recreation, inappropriate grazing, substantial tracts of the mallee Murray Plains, and the South environmental weeds, introduced rangeland north of the river, Olary Plains. The basin supports animals and over-abundant native including pastoral leases now a wide variety of habitats and has species, mining and inappropriate ‘retired’ from grazing (such as an extremely diverse biota: the fire regimes. Gluepot, Taylorville and Calperum native vegetation cover changes The largest intact stands of stations) as well as the Cooltong significantly from north to south remnant habitat are found north Conservation Park and Danggali and in some areas it has become of the River Murray and in the Wilderness Protection Area and highly fragmented. Native fish eastern part of the region. These Conservation Park. species have also suffered serious areas support mallee vegetation Several wetland complexes in the decline in the past 50 years. communities and are largely Riverland (such as Katarapko) Before European settlement, protected in parks and reserves, are included in the Murray River the region supported a complex such as the Chowilla Regional National Park. Wetland and mosaic of temperate woodlands, Reserve, Chowilla Game Reserve riverine ecosystems between large tracts of mallee, shrublands, and the Ngarkat and Billiatt Renmark (above Lock 5) and saline and freshwater wetlands, Conservation Parks. the South Australian border and herblands and grasslands that The River Murray valley contains the Banrock Station complex provided a wide variety of habitats high levels of biodiversity, are protected as Ramsar- for wildlife. primarily due to the riverine, listed wetlands of international floodplain and wetland importance. The river corridor ecosystems that it supports. also includes the Lower Lakes Multiple uses of the river resource and part of the Coorong, which have led to substantial loss and together form a Ramsar site. The degradation of the river corridor intergovernmental Living Murray habitat, particularly due to Initiative has listed the Chowilla floodplain, the River Murray Channel and the Lower Lakes, Coorong and Murray mouth as 15 MJ Kahrimanis, S Carruthers, A Oppermann icon sites. and R Inns, Biodiversity Plan for the South Australian Murray–Darling Basin, Department of Environment and Heritage, Government of South Australia, 2001.
73 APP Water resources The coast—along the Coorong Managing climate change
EN and at the Murray mouth— forms Surface water is extracted from The latest projections for the only a small portion of the Murray
D the River Murray and groundwater impact of climate change on
I and Mallee region. These areas C from underground aquifers. Australia as a result of the
E are part of a National Park and
S Tributaries from the Eastern Mount greenhouse effect were released their use is largely restricted to Lofty Ranges, such as the Marne, by the CSIRO in 2007. The nature conservation, tourism and Bremer and Angus rivers, are projections indicate reduced recreation. The ecological health also important water resources. rainfall across the Murray and of the Coorong, Lower Lakes and The ranges capture a significant Mallee region, which—should this Murray Mouth is dictated by flows amount of surface water run- eventuate—will have significant down the River Murray, especially off in farm dams. In the Mallee impacts on natural resources to provide freshwater inputs and and northern rangelands, the and primary production. It is to keep the river mouth open to topography is flat and there are no noted that various studies on the tidal exchange. The mouth has significant watercourses. In these impacts of climate change on the generally been kept open through areas, groundwater is the main Murray–Darling system (including continuous dredging operations, water source, particularly in the the Murray and Mallee region) are although these operations have south where the quality is suitable. being undertaken and should be been temporarily halted owing to considered when released. Water regulation (especially the recent influx of floodwaters the establishment of locks and from upstream. Nonetheless, PIRSA has been working with weir pools on the River Murray), the ecotourism value of this area primary producers along the over-allocation of river water and will always be compromised River Murray in South Australia extraction of groundwater have by the potential for droughts and investing in research into led to environmental degradation, across the Murray–Darling the potential impacts of climate particularly salinity and water system, and will continue to be change on specific crops, as quality problems. Managing compromised in the long term well as dairy farming and other salinity levels within the River unless appropriate environmental primary industries. Options are Murray requires sufficient water flows can be restored. The extent being considered for alternative from upstream to dilute salinity of these environmental flows will primary production and adaption and enable salt to be removed be determined by the Murray- techniques (for example, from the system via the Murray Darling Basin Authority through environmental management Mouth. High levels of salinity implementation of the Murray- systems) in different climate have adversely affected all Darling Basin Plan.16 zones to assist the state’s primary regional biodiversity. Increased producers effectively adapt to any demand for water from primary changes. production has also affected watercourses emanating from the Mount Lofty Ranges. Extraction of groundwater also affects surface water resources as the two 16 The Murray-Darling Basin Plan is scheduled for release in 2011, after which the establishment of systems are often linked. environmental flows for the river are expected to be ‘transitioned’ over a period of some years.
74 The South Australian Murray- THE ECONOMY AND The combined construction, Darling Basin Natural Resource accommodation, café and Management Board has been ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT restaurant sectors accounted for working with councils across OPPORTUNITIES just less than 10 per cent (2700 the region to strengthen the The region’s economy is based people). The Clifford report17 water security for communities on primary production and value predicts an increase of about under future climate change adding for export—intrastate, 3500 full-time equivalent jobs scenarios. The Strengthening interstate and overseas—and across the Murraylands, primarily Basin Communities Program is good access to national road and in retail, between 2009 and 2011. funded by the Commonwealth rail networks offers potential for Department of Environment, growth in value adding. If irrigated Water, Heritage and the Arts and development is to continue to Primary production the planning component is due for support the economy, water will Wine grapes are the most completion in December 2011. need to be used strategically significant agricultural commodity and associated infrastructure in the region, accounting for about It is critical that areas of primary one-third of the region’s $1.1 production significance are provided. The region’s natural resources, particularly the River billion total value of agricultural shown in Development Plans (and production in 2004–05. Fruit planning strategies) and planning Murray and its surrounds, will need to be better managed in (mostly citrus) contributed nearly policies for these areas in order to 20 per cent ($208 million) of the restrict development not directly ways that address environmental concerns. total; vegetable and grain crops related to primary production and each contributed 10 per cent associated value-adding activities. The region’s natural and heritage (about $128 million each); and It also is critical to ensure that assets offer potential for growth milk, livestock slaughtering and the region’s settlements are in tourism. Given that the other livestock products together resilient to an uncertain climate region is one of the state’s main contributed 16 per cent.18 recreational areas, however, any future, particularly in the areas of Intensive livestock production water security, public health and overuse of the River Murray will also affect the tourism economy. (including pigs, chicken maintaining high amenity public hatcheries and egg farms), spaces. grazing, field crops and grains Employment dominate primary production in Based on 2006 Census data, the the Murraylands. agriculture, forestry and fishing sector accounted for about 22 per cent (6419 people) of the region’s employment, followed by retail trade (14 per cent or 4124 17 B Clifford, Murraylands Jobs and Investment people), manufacturing (13 per Forecast 2009–2011, report prepared for the cent or 3760 people), and health Murraylands Regional Development Board and South Australia Works, October 2008. and community services (nearly 18 Australian Bureau of Agricultural and Resource 10 per cent or 2858 people). Economics (ABARE) various commodity and crop reports for 2006.
75 APP The region also grows 40 per Seafood and aquaculture Livestock industries
EN cent of South Australia’s onions, Although seafood and aquaculture Beef and sheep—Beef cattle are 70 per cent of its potatoes, and
D industries play a minor role in the produced throughout the region
I is the largest lettuce and olive C Riverland and Murraylands, they and all areas of the region are
E producing region in the state.
S contribute consistently equivalent suited to sheep farming. Horticulture dominates primary production rates (by weight) T & R Pastoral, on the northern production in the Riverland to the state’s marine fisheries. edge of Murray Bridge, is the (primarily citrus, stone fruits, Freshwater and saltwater fishing nation’s fifth-largest sheep and grapes and nuts) and Mallee is centred mainly on the Lower beef abattoir and one of the (potatoes and onions), while Lakes and the Coorong. Murraylands biggest employers. It livestock and field crops also SARDI (the South Australian is expected to continue to grow. play a significant role. In terms Research and Development Dairy—Irrigated dairy farming of contribution to the regional Institute) has successfully trialled economy, horticulture crops occurs in the Lower Murray inland saline aquaculture at Reclaimed Irrigation Area (from generated nearly $226 million Waikerie to grow mulloway using in 2005–06, the wine industry south of Mannum to Wellington), groundwater discharged from around the Lower Lakes, and in $225.7 million, field crops $34 the Woolpunda salt interception million, and livestock $22 million. the Coorong District Council area schemes (SIS). SARDI has also around Tintinara. There is also developed a demonstration Wine grapes potential to develop an irrigated and training facility to evaluate dairying area adjacent to the In 2005, the Riverland produced the commercial potential of Prescribed Wells Area around 51 per cent of South Australia’s establishing a significant industry Karoonda, Lameroo and Pinnaroo. crushed wine grapes—one- in the region. quarter of Australia’s total Since 2000, about 60 per cent of The establishment of SIS in the production. However, with a dairy farmers from the region have region increases the potential large percentage of Riverland stopped dairying due to industry for the development of inland producers reliant on irrigation from restructuring and ongoing drought aquaculture, by providing access the Murray–Darling Basin, it is and water accessibility issues. to a reliable supply of good quality expected that yields will continue water. Land for aquaculture in the The region has two major dairy to decline as water allocations region should be close to SIS pipe processing factories in Murray are reduced. The recent floods networks. Bridge and Jervois, both of which across the eastern seaboard of are owned by National Foods. Australia have certainly improved These factories are increasingly conditions for the immediate sourcing milk from outside future, but much will depend on the region to meet production the amount of water allocated to requirements. irrigators by the Murray-Darling Basin Authority.
76 Pork and chicken—Chicken meat Grain production—Local demand The South Australian Tourism production is common in the for grain production, which Commission, in conjunction Murray Bridge region, mostly on is focused in the central and with the Regional Development the western side of the river, close eastern parts of the region, is Australia and local councils, has to power, mains water and the increasing. This is the result of produced the Riverland Integrated main transport routes to Adelaide. a shift to livestock feedlotting, Strategic Tourism Strategy (2005) The need for three-phase power is as well as processing industries and the Murraylands Integrated a limiting factor for chicken shed expanding and relocating across Regional Strategic Tourism Plan siting. Inghams has developed a the southern part of the region (2009) to provide direction for large hatchery at Monarto South from the neighbouring Mid investors in sustainable tourism. to service the South Australian North region. The high quality These plans are a blueprint to and eastern states markets. freight and storage infrastructure position the region as an authentic Pig farms are common in the that is co-located with grain and diverse nature-based Murray Bridge/Tailem Bend production is a major drawcard destination. region, with pockets also located for the expansion of the livestock industry. in the Riverland and Southern Mining and mineral Mallee. processing Big River Pork is a major pork Tourism Mining in the region is largely abattoir and boning plant south Tourism is an important and growing limited to low-value agricultural, of Murray Bridge that routinely sector of the region’s economy. industrial and construction processes about 13,500 pigs a Most visitors are South Australian materials, such as sand and road week. Together, T&R Pastoral and and the next largest group is from base materials (that is, crushed Big River Pork employ more than interstate. The value of domestic limestone); however, mining 2000 people, many from overseas tourism is estimated to be in the and minerals processing are 19 using working visas. order of $107 million a year. becoming increasingly important. Stockfeed—Ridley AgriProducts’ River-based recreation (including The Australian Zircon mine at feed mill in Murray Bridge services riverbank camping in National Mindarie, which mines mineral the pork, chicken and dairy Parks and recreational fishing sand deposits in the area industries. along the river, lakes and surrounding Karoonda, still has Coorong) is the most important the greatest mining potential. An contributor to tourism in the operations review in October 2009 region. The houseboat industry resulted in the closure of the mine relies on the River Murray’s in 2010, although there remain character and health of its natural significant opportunities for mining environment. and associated operations to be reinvigorated at Mindarie in the future.
19 South Australian Tourism Commission, Regional profiles for the Murraylands and Riverland regions, SATC, Government of South Australia, 2004.
77 APP COMMUNITIES AND Figure 2.2 – Population of main towns, Murray and Mallee region, 1996 and 2006 EN CHANGING SETTLEMENT 16,000 D
I PATTERNS
C 14,000 E S Population 12,000 A changing region 10,000 The needs of the Murray 8000 and Mallee’s residents and 6000 communities are driving the Number of People Number of People preparation of the Plan and 4000 associated strategic priorities. 2000 The combined population of the eight council areas that 0 make up the region was 69,341 Berri 20 Loxton Paringa at the 2006 Census. The Barmera Waikerie Lameroo Renmark Mannum Meningie Pinnaroo Tailem Bend population increased by 1.4 MurrayBridge per cent between the 1996 and 2001 Censuses, and this 1996 2006 rate accelerated to 3.6 per cent between 2001 and 2006. Source: ABS, Census of Population and Housing, 1996 and 2006. Murray Bridge has 19.8 per cent (13,761 people in 2006) of the region’s population and has had Only 15 per cent of the population While the larger towns grew the highest annual growth rate live in towns of less than 1000 between 1996 and 2006, there - just over one per cent - of all people and 48 per cent live on were small declines in many of the the region’s towns in the 1996 to farms or settlements of fewer than smaller towns, including Waikerie, 2006 period. Seventeen per cent 200 people. Tailem Bend, Meningie, Pinnaroo of the region’s population live in and Lameroo (see Figure 2.2). the three main Riverland towns of Renmark, Berri and Loxton.
20 Australian Bureau of Statistics, ‘Basic Community Profile’, 2006 Census of Population and Housing, ABS, Canberra, 2007.
78 Figure 2.3 – Occupied and unoccupied dwellings, Murray and Mallee region, 2006
9000
8000
7000
6000
5000
4000
3000 Number of Dwellings 2000
1000
0
Berri Loxton Mallee Karoonda Southern RenmarkParinga Barmera Waikerie Mid Murray The Coorong Murray Bridge East Murray
Occupied Unoccupied
Source: ABS, Census of Population and Housing, 2006.
Permanent population figures may An ageing region The population is ageing: between not reflect the demands on local Of the 69,341 people living in 1996 and 2006 there was an and regional facilities made by the Murray and Mallee region at increase of 26.3 per cent in the visitors, particularly during peak the 2006 Census, 14,989 (21.6 number of people aged 60 to 69; tourist periods (see Figure 2.3). per cent) were aged over 60. a 16.2 per cent increase in those This percentage is projected aged 70 to 79; and a 49.3 per to increase, as it is for South cent increase in those aged more Australia as a whole. than 80.
79 APP Figure 2.4 – Population by age, Murray and Mallee region, 1996, 2001 and 2006 EN 25,000 D I C E 20,000 S
15,000
10,000 Number of People Number of People
5000
0 0–14 15–24 25–39 40–59 60–69 70–79 80+
1996 2001 2006 Age Group
Source: ABS, Census of Population and Housing, 1996, 2001 and 2006.
Conversely, the major family- Compounding this problem, some Australian Bureau of Statistics creating cohort of 25 to 39 years towns in the region lack childcare, (ABS) data on the population declined by 13.5 per cent during which is adversely affecting the distribution in the region indicates the same period, as did the ability to maintain and increase that despite a slight decrease number of children (0 to 14 years the population as well as service in population, the number of declined by 7.7 per cent). Figure some industries. aged people as a percentage 2.4 shows the region’s population of the total population is likely to by age during the past three remain above the state average. Censuses. Statewide, the number of people over the age of 70 years is expected to triple in the next few years, and the Murray and Mallee region is likely to be strongly affected.
80 Housing demand and Higher building costs compared Loxton and Waikerie—service to the metropolitan area, economies based on the affordability coupled with difficulty obtaining irrigation industry and other The ageing population will need to finance in many cases due to rural sectors, with Loxton also be taken into account in planning the unpredictability of the rural expanding its service role to the for suitable and appropriately economy, are major contributing nearby Australian Zircon mine located housing. factors to the shortage of housing at Mindarie. Both towns have a Significant numbers of dwellings in most parts of the region. strong tourism focus. have been built in Murray Bridge Mannum and other river towns in the past five years to meet Role and function of towns such as Barmera, Waikerie and high demand. Waikerie, Loxton, The region’s communities are Morgan—strong tourism roles Mannum, Berri and Renmark have in the region and also attracting had a smaller, but stable rate of diverse and each town has a role and function in the region, for retirees wanting a ‘river change’ residential development over the lifestyle. same period. example: Tailem Bend—growing In other parts of the region, Murray Bridge and Berri—the industrial and transport focus, a rise in land values is partly key regional centres, providing servicing the agriculture attributed to interest from retirees a range of government and and mining industries. It is and people seeking a different community services for the also increasingly becoming pace of life. Attracting permanent Riverland and Murraylands a dormitory town for Murray residents can be problematic as it communities. They are also Bridge commuters. may be at the expense of housing major employment hubs with a for seasonal workers in the local strong industry focus. Karoonda—increasing potential agricultural industry. Renmark—a strong retail to become the service town It is reported that a shortage focus, complementing the for the Mindarie mine. It is of affordable rental and social services economy based on suitably placed to provide more housing is affecting the region’s the irrigation industry and affordable housing for the mine ability to attract and retain people, other rural sectors. It also has workers and for retiring farmers particularly seasonal workers a strong tourism focus based from inland areas. It could also and workers in lower income on settlements and water- become a dormitory town for occupations. based recreational activities. the growing Murray Bridge Renmark and nearby Paringa workforce. are gateways to the Riverland for interstate visitors.
81 APP Meningie—provides community Aboriginal communities and The Raukkan and Gerard
EN and health services to the communities have been preparing surrounding local areas and heritage Land Use Structure Plans, which D There are several Aboriginal
I is a stopover point for many will provide a framework to assist C communities along the River E travellers from Adelaide to them in land-use planning that is S the South-East. It is also Murray, with the largest at Murray tailored to local needs, within the increasingly popular for Bridge. In the five years to the bounds of the plans, over a five to retirement. 2006 Census, the Aboriginal 10 year time frame. population increased by 174 Tintinara—services the people, from 1883 to 2057, which The Murray and Mallee Region surrounding local area. There is 3.1 per cent of the region’s has many important sites and is potential to increase its population. attributes of Aboriginal (for importance to the region as a example, canoe trees, middens, broader service centre as it is There are three prominent and the Raukkan and Gerard on the A8 route to Melbourne, Aboriginal communities in the community settlements) and non- is close to Conservation Parks region. The small Kalparrin Aboriginal (such as Cobdogla and other tourist attractions, community is located north-east pumping station, Poltalloch and has a varied business and of Murray Bridge; the Ngarrindjeri Station and Morgan wharf) agricultural base people have a major settlement heritage. It is equally important at Raukkan on the shores of Lake to preserve these important Lameroo and Pinnaroo— Alexandrina (Mungkuli), about artefacts and sites and increase service the surrounding 30 km north-west of Meningie; public understanding of their irrigated and dry-land farming and the First Peoples of the significance. areas of the Mallee with Murray River and Mallee have a linkages to farming enterprises settlement at Gerard, about 20 km in western Victoria. The towns south-west of Berri. Raukkan is on are positioning themselves to Aboriginal Lands Trust leasehold provide affordable housing land and has a population for permanent and seasonal of about 130. Gerard has a workers as a result of the population of about 100. increased employment opportunities from irrigated horticulture and processing of commodities farmed in the Mallee region.
82 There are two native title claims over the region: one from the First Peoples of the Murray River and Mallee and the other from the Ngarrindjeri. The South Australian Government and the councils in the Murray and Mallee region have started Indigenous Land Use Agreement negotiations with the First Peoples. Should agreement be reached, a simplified process for dealing with native title matters and Aboriginal Heritage Act 1988 (SA) obligations will be put in place. Until this happens, all councils, state government departments and other land users on land affected by this Act must comply with the Act and the Commonwealth Native Title Act 1993 —both Acts apply equally over claimed and non-claimed areas in the region.
83 appendix 3 Contb ri ution of the Plan to South Australia’s Strategic Plan targets APP During 2006, South Australia’s At least one regional planning On 24 January 2007, the Premier
EN Strategic Plan (SASP) update day was held in each of the launched the update of South team oversaw a community state’s seven Local Government Australia’s Strategic Plan, which D
I engagement program to improve Association (LGA) regions. Local reflected many of the suggestions C
E understanding of the plan's leaders representing a wide raised during the community S contents, update the community cross-section of the community engagement program. Copies are about progress toward the SASP were invited. available online at
84 REGIONAL PRIORITIES FOR THE MURRAY AND MALLEE REGION ‘Talking Regions’ held at Murray Bridge on 18 May 2006 Attendees: 80 The participants expressed the view that the region is relatively strong in most aspects of SASP; is pro-growth; is export-focused with innovative businesses; has healthy residents; and has safe, civic- minded communities with a strong sustainability ethic. The participants identified the following priority areas for the region: infrastructure education biodiversity business development regional public transport growth management housing to match employment growth health issues planning and decision-making that is appropriate to the region. For the full transcript of the day-long consultation, see
85 APP Table 3.1 – Linkages with South Australia’s Strategic Plan EN Murray and Mallee Region Plan Principles South Australia’s Strategic Plan Target D I C E
S E nnviro mental and cultural assets
1. Recognise, protect and restore the region’s T3.1 Lose no species; T3.2 Land biodiversity; environmental assets T3.4 Marine biodiversity; T3.7 Ecological footprint; T3.9 Sustainable water supply; T3.10 and T3.11 River Murray
2. Create conditions for the region to become resilient to T3.5 Greenhouse gas emissions reduction; the impacts of climate change T3.7 Ecological footprint; T3.9 Sustainable water supply; T3.12 Renewable energy; T3.13 and T3.14 Energy efficiency— dwellings and government buildings
3. Protect people, property and the environment from T2.4 Healthy South Australians; exposure to hazards T2.7 Psychological wellbeing
4. Identify and protect places of heritage and cultural T1.15 Tourism industry; T2.7 Psychological wellbeing; significance, and desired town character T6.1 Aboriginal wellbeing; T5.9 Regional population levels
Economic development
5. Protect and build on the region’s strategic T1.1 Economic growth;T1.21 Strategic infrastructure; infrastructure T1.14 Total exports; T3.12 Renewable energy
6. Retain and strengthen the economic potential of T1.10 Jobs; T 1.14 Total exports primary production land
7. Reinforce the region as a preferred tourism destination T1.10 Jobs; T1.15 Tourism industry
8. Provide and protect serviced and well-sited industrial T1.1 Economic growth; T1.5 Business investment; land to meet projected demand T1.21 Strategic infrastructure; T1.14 Total exports
9. Focus commercial development in key centres and T1.5 Business investment; T1.21 Strategic infrastructure; ensure it is well sited and designed T3.9 Sustainable water supply
86 Murray and Mallee Region Plan Principles South Australia’s Strategic Plan Target
Pou p lation and settlements
10. Strategically plan and manage town growth T1.21 Strategic infrastructure; T3.7 Ecological footprint; T5.9 Regional population levels; T3.8 Zero waste
11. Design towns to provide safe, healthy accessible and T2.4 Healthy South Australians; appealing environments T2.7 Psychological wellbeing; T2.8 Statewide crime rates
12. Provide land for a supply of diverse, affordable and T5.9 Regional population levels; T6.7 Affordable housing; sustainable housing to meet current and future needs T6.8 Housing stress; T6.9 Aboriginal housing; T6.10 Housing for people with disabilities; T1.24 Overseas migration
87 appendix 4 Rele at d reports, strategies and plans APP Various plans, strategies and CSIRO (2006) Lower Murray Government of South Australia
EN research have been considered Landscape Futures Year Two DEH (2004) Personal Watercraft— during the development of the Progress Report.
D Discussion paper, Government of
I Murray and Mallee Region Plan. C Development Plans for the Rural South Australia E Many of these documents were City of Murray Bridge, district S DEH (2003) Wetlands Strategy for developed in consultation with councils of Coorong, Karoonda industry and the local community. South Australia, Government of East Murray, Southern Mallee and South Australia The detailed research and Loxton Waikerie; and councils of analysis contained in these Mid Murray, Renmark Paringa and Department for Water Resources documents underpin and Berri Barmera (2000) State Water Plan, complement the Plan. Government of South Australia Department for Environment and Australian Bureau of Statistics Heritage (DEH) (2001) Biodiversity Department of Environment and (ABS) (2007) 2006 Census of Plan for the South Australian Planning (1989) Draft Guidelines Population and Housing data Murray–Darling Basin—Summary, for Marinas and Moorings on Australian Pork Limited (2004) Government of South Australia the River Murray, Government of South Australia National Environmental Guidelines DEH (2004) Blueprint for the for Piggeries South Australian Representative Department of Housing and Coast Protection Board (2003) System of Marine Protected Areas, Urban Development (1994) Coastline: A Strategy for Government of South Australia Human Services Planning Kit, 2nd Implementing CPB Policies on edn, South Australian Urban Land DEH (2005) Ecological Character Trust Coastal Acid Sulphate Soils in of the Coorong, Lakes Alexandrina South Australia, Government of and Albert Wetland of International Department of Human Services South Australia Importance—Draft Report, and Environment Protection Coast Protection Board (1992) Government of South Australia Authority (1999) South Australian Coastline: Coastal Erosion, Reclaimed Water Guidelines, DEH (forthcoming) Estuaries Government of South Australia Flooding and Sea Level Rise Policy and Action Plan for South Standards and Protection Policy, Australia, Government of South Department of Justice (various) Government of South Australia Australia Crime Prevention Through Coast Protection Board (2002) Environmental Design Program, DEH (2003) Heritage refer Crime Prevention Unit, Coast Protection Board Policy Directions—A Future for Built Document, Government of South Department of Justice, Heritage in South Australia, Government of South Australia. Australia Government of South Australia Department of the Premier and Colliers International (2005) DEH (2006) Marine Planning River Murray Marina Supply and Cabinet (2004) Prosperity Through Framework for South Australia, People: A Population Policy for Demand Study, report prepared Government of South Australia for Planning SA and PIRSA (with South Australia, Government of funding from the Department DEH (2003) Nature Links— South Australia of Water, Land and Biodiversity Implementing the Wild Country Department of Water, Land Conservation) Philosophy in South Australia, and Biodiversity Conservation
88 (DWLBC) (2004) Environmental Directory of Important Wetlands
89 APP and Beer A (2007) Report on Government of South Australia Kahrimanis MJ, Carruthers S,
EN the Outcomes of Focus Groups (2004) Unlocking South Australia’s Oppermann A and Inns R (2001) for the South Australian Ageing Mineral and Energy Potential: A Biodiversity Plan for the South D
I Atlas: Ageing and its Implications Plan for Accelerating Exploration Australian Murray–Darling Basin, C
E for Social and Planning Policy, GSI Consulting (unpublished) prepared for DEH, Government of S prepared for Planning SA ‘Future Infrastructure and South Australia Gallagher N and Wigley S (2001) Development Requirements Lothian A (2005) ‘Coastal Houseboats on the River Murray: Relating to Intensive Livestock Viewscapes of South Australia’, Ecological Impact Report, Growth in South Australia’, prepared for DEH, Government of prepared for the Murray Darling prepared for PIRSA, Department South Australia Association for Transport, Energy and McInnes KL, Suppiah R, Whetton Government of South Australia Infrastructure, and the Regional PH, Hennessy KJ and Jones RN (2005) Housing Plan for South Development Boards of Barossa (2003) Climate Change in South Australia and Light, Mid North, Murraylands Australia—Report on Assessment and Yorke Government of South Australia of Climate Change, Impacts and (2004) South Australia’s Hassell and Associates (2004) Possible Adaptation Strategies Broadband Strategy Quantifying the Economic Value Relevant to South Australia, of River Dependent Industries CSIRO Atmospheric Research Government of South Australia in the Southern Murray–Darling Murray–Darling Basin Commission (2004) South Australia’s Strategic Basin, prepared for the Australian Plan: Creating Opportunity (2004) The Living River Murray Conservation Foundation Environmental Works and Government of South Australia Henry C, Shafron W and Lubulwa Measures Program (June 2005) South Australia’s M (2007) Wine Grape Growing Murray–Darling Basin Ministerial Strategic Plan: Preliminary Farms in the Riverland, South Community Engagement Report Council (Nov. 2004) Living Murray Australia: Financial Performance Business Plan, Murray–Darling Government of South Australia of Farms, 2005–06, Australian Basin Commission (2001) State Food Plan 2001–2004 Bureau of Agricultural and Resource Economics (ABARE) Murraylands Regional Government of South Australia Research Report 07.15 Development Board (RDB) (2007) (2005) Strategic Infrastructure Murraylands Investment Attraction Plan for South Australia: Regional Interdepartmental Murray Valley Plan, RIO project Overview 2005-06–2014-15 Coordinating Committee (1986) Murray Valley Management Review Murraylands RDB (Dec. 2005) Government of South Australia Volumes 1 & 2 Discussion Papers, Regional North South Transport (2006) Tackling Climate Change: Government of South Australia Corridor, prepared with the Murray South Australia’s Greenhouse and Mallee LGA and Central LGA Strategy 2007–2020
90 Murraylands RDB (2004) Strategic Planning SA (2003) Planning QED Pty Ltd (2005) Riverland Plan 2003–2008 Strategy for Regional South Integrated Strategic Tourism Nickolls J and Angel A (2003) Australia, Government of South Strategy, prepared for the Mallee Tracks Australia Riverland Strategic Tourism Plan Steering Committee Planning SA (2004) Designing Out Primary Industries and Resources Crime: Design Solutions for Safer SA (PIRSA) (2005) Growing QED Pty Ltd (2007) Strategic Neighbourhoods, Government of South Australia’s Grains Industry Management Plan for the Rural South Australia Together: A Framework for City of Murray Bridge 2005–2010, Industry Development Discussion prepared for the Rural City of Planning SA (1999) Good Paper, Government of South Murray Bridge Residential Design SA: A Australia Resource for Planning, Designing Riverland Development and Developing Neighbourhoods PIRSA (2001) State Dryland Corporation (2004) Strategic and Homes, Government of South Salinity Strategy and Directions Directions for the Riverland Australia for Managing Salinity in South 2003–2008 Australia, Government of South Riverland Socio-Economic Impact Planning SA (1998) Planning Australia Bulletin Industrial Development, Steering Committee (2007) The Government of South Australia PIRSA (2006) Strategic Economic and Social Impacts of Assessment of Primary Key Industries on the Riverland, Planning SA (2001) Planning Industry around Murray Bridge, prepared with the assistance of Bulletin—Development in Rural Government of South Australia the Government of South Australia Areas, Government of South Australia PIRSA (2007) Riverland Rural City of Murray Bridge (2007) and Murraylands Regional Murray Bridge Urban Growth Plan, Planning SA (2003) Planning Food Scorecards 2005–06, Final Report Bulletin—Extractive Industries, Government of South Australia Government of South Australia Seaman R L (2002) Wetland QED Pty Ltd (2002) A Sustainable Inventory Mount Lofty Ranges: An Planning SA (2000) Planning Recreation Strategy for the River Assessment of Selected Wetlands Bulletin Waste Infrastructure— Murray and Lower Lakes in South Australian Chicken Meat Resource Recovery Centres, South Australia, prepared for the Government of South Australia Council/PIRSA (2005) Poultry River Murray Catchment Water Meat in South Australia: Strategic Planning SA (2006) Planning Management Board, Sustainable Directions 2005–2015 Strategy for Metropolitan Adelaide, Recreation Committee and Government of South Australia Government of South Australia Planning SA (2006) Planning QED Pty Ltd (2007) Murray Bridge Strategy for Outer Metropolitan Riverfront Management Strategy, Adelaide Region, Government of prepared for the Rural City of South Australia Murray Bridge
91 APP South Australian Murray–Darling Taylor Cullity Lethlean (2003)
EN Basin Natural Resources River Murray Sustainable Management Board (2006) Initial Recreation Site Planning and D
I Natural Resources Management Implementation Guide, prepared C
E Plan for the South Australian for the Sustainable Recreation S Murray–Darling Basin Natural Committee, published by the Resources Management Region River Murray Catchment Water 2006–07 Management Board South Australian Tourism Van Mellor T, Shafron W and Commission (SATC) and DEH commodity analysts (2007) (2003) Responsible Nature-based Commodity Outlook and Financial Tourism Strategy 2004–2009, Performance of Farms in the Government of South Australia Murraylands Region of South SATC (2007) Design Guidelines Australia, ABARE conference for Sustainable Tourism paper 07.07 Development, Government of Zero Waste SA (2005) South South Australia Australia’s Waste Strategy SATC (2009) Regional tourism 2005–2010, Government of South profiles for the Murraylands and Australia Riverland, Government of South Australia SATC (2009) South Australia’s Tourism Plan 2003–2008, Government of South Australia Structure Plans for the Rural City of Murray Bridge, district councils of Coorong, Karoonda East Murray, Southern Mallee and Loxton Waikerie; and councils of Mid Murray, Renmark Paringa and Berri Barmera
92 glo ssaRY
93 glo ssaRY RY glo Acid sulfate soils The common name given to naturally occurring soils containing iron sulfides ssa (predominantly pyrite). When exposed to oxygen due to drainage, excavation or disturbance, they produce sulfuric acid and trigger the release of iron, aluminium and heavy metals. Once mobilised, the acid and minerals can kill vegetation, destroy building materials and seep into wetlands, killing fish and other aquatic organisms.
Affordable housing Affordable housing is housing that is appropriate to the needs of households with low and moderate incomes (that is, up to 120 per cent of gross annual median income). The indicative affordable house purchase price for these groups— currently $225,000—is determined by the affordability indicators gazetted on 8 October 2009 (p. 4818) or as amended from time to time under the Development Act 1993 and South Australian Housing Trust (General) Regulations 1995.
Biodiversity The variety of life in all its forms and at all levels of organisation, as well as the ecological and evolutionary processes through which genes, species and ecosystems interact with one another and with their environment.
Climate change A change in the state of the climate that can be identified by changes in the mean and/or the variability of its properties, and that persists for an extended period, typically decades or longer (The Garnaut Climate Change Review, 2008).
Community Community Structure Plans provide a strategic framework for the consideration Structure Plan of land-use planning and development in Aboriginal communities, which are generally in unincorporated (out of council) areas in rural or remote parts of the state. They are non-statutory documents intended to guide decision-making by the landholding authority, the community and the development authority.
Community A system or scheme that is installed and operated by an individual council for Wastewater the collection, treatment and disposal (including by recycling) of wastewater. Management System (CWMS)
Density Density is a measure of the population (persons) or the number of dwelling units in a given area.
Development Development Plans should seek to promote the provisions of the Planning Strategy Plans and may set out to include planning or development objectives or principles. They are the principal document in South Australia used to assess development.
94 Employment lands Concentrated areas where people are employed on a full- or part-time basis in a wide range of employment industry categories including: agriculture; mining; electricity; construction; wholesaling; communication; finance; property; government; cultural and personal services; education, health and community services; manufacturing; retailing; accommodation; and cafes and restaurants.
Freight corridors Road or rail corridors for the movement of freight.
Greenhouse gas Polluting carbon substances released into the atmosphere. emissions
Growth areas Areas identified for urban expansion that will be subject to further intensive investigations and public consultation.
Indigenous Land An Indigenous Land Use Agreement is a voluntary agreement between a native Use Agreement title group and others for the use and management of the land and/or water (ILUA) covered by the agreement.
ICT Information and communication technology.
Intermodal The movement of goods in one and the same loading unit or road vehicle, which uses successively two or more modes of transport without handling the goods themselves in changing modes. By extension, the term ‘intermodality’ has been used to describe a system of transport whereby two or more modes of transport are used to transport the same loading unit or truck in an integrated manner, without loading or unloading, in a door-to-door transport chain.
Mixed uses Mixed uses include a combination of major land-use types, such as residential, retail, office, commercial, civic and light industrial.
Murraylands The area extending from the southern River Murray through the Mallee to Planning and the Victorian border and south to the Coorong. Major towns include Morgan, Development Area Blanchetown, Mannum, Murray Bridge, Tailem Bend and Meningie. The area will be superseded by the Murray and Mallee Region with the gazetting of this Plan.
Riverland Planning The area extending from Blanchetown in the west to the Victorian border in the east, and Development and from the Riverland Biosphere Reserve in the north to the south dry-land farming Area areas. Major towns include Waikerie, Barmera, Berri, Loxton and Renmark. The area will be superseded by the Murray and Mallee Region with the gazetting of this Plan.
95 RY glo Rural living The area extending from Blanchetown in the west to the Victorian border in the ssa east, and from the Riverland Biosphere Reserve in the north to the south dry-land farming areas. Major towns include Waikerie, Barmera, Berri, Loxton and Renmark. The area will be superseded by the Murray and Mallee Region with the gazetting of this Plan.
Salt interception Schemes intended to reduce the salinity level of water in the River Murray. In schemes (SIS) general they work by capturing saline groundwater using deep interception bores and pumping it into a disposal basin.
Site contamination Site contamination exists if introduced chemical substances are present on or below the surface of a site in concentrations above background concentrations that result in actual or potential harm to human health, the environment or to water (surface or underground).
Strategic The Local Government Act 1999 requires councils to apply a strategic approach Management Plans in all actions they undertake through the preparation of Strategic Management Plans. These plans articulate council goals and objectives and the vision for the community and are intended to complement the regional volumes of the South Australian Planning Strategy.
Structure Plan A Structure Plan describes the broad development outcomes that the State Government wants to achieve in a growth area.
Water demand Water demand is taken to be the measurement of all water uses in the region from all water sources for the purposes of essential human needs, the economy and the environment.
Water Water infrastructure includes treatment systems (including wetlands), pumps, infrastructure pipelines, storages (including aquifers) and other natural or constructed means of transferring water of appropriate quality from its source to the demand point.
Water security Water security has been taken to mean the availability of an appropriate quantity of water at an appropriate quality to meet the needs of the community. This includes the provision of potable and fit-for-purpose water supplies, collection and treatment of wastewater and the management of stormwater and groundwater resources.
96 Water-sensitive Water-sensitive urban design (WSUD) is an approach to urban planning and urban design design that integrates the management of the total water cycle into the urban (WSUD) development process. It includes: the integrated management of groundwater, surface run-off (including stormwater), drinking water and wastewater to protect water-related environmental, recreational and cultural values the storage, treatment and beneficial use of run-off the treatment and re-use of wastewater using vegetation for treatment purposes, water-efficient landscaping and enhancing biodiversity using water-saving measures inside and outside domestic, commercial, industrial and institutional premises to minimise requirements for drinking and non-drinking water supplies.
WSUD incorporates all water resources, including surface water, groundwater, urban and roof run-off, and wastewater.
97 98