Activity of Povidone in Recent Biomedical Applications with Emphasis on Micro- and Nano Drug Delivery Systems
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Polyvinylpyrrolidone
POLYVINYLPYRROLIDONE Prepared at the 30th JECFA (1986), published in FNP 37 (1986) and in FNP 52 (1992). Metals and arsenic specifications revised at the 63rd JECFA (2004). An ADI of 0-50 mg/kg bw was established at the 30th JECFA (1986) SYNONYMS Povidone, PVP; INS No. 1201 DEFINITION Chemical names Polyvinylpyrrolidone, poly-[1-(2-oxo-1-pyrrolidinyl)- ethylene] C.A.S. number 9003-39-8 Chemical formula (C6H9NO)n Structural formula Formula weight Lower molecular weight range product: about 40 000 Higher molecular weight range product: about 360 000 Assay Not less than 12.2% and not more than 13.0% of Nitrogen (N) on the anhydrous basis DESCRIPTION White to tan powder; supplied in two molecular weight forms; the molecular weight value is an average molecular weight for the two forms FUNCTIONAL USES Clarifying agent, stabilizer, bodying agent, tableting adjunct, dispersing agent CHARACTERISTICS IDENTIFICATION Solubility (Vol. 4) Soluble in water, in ethanol and in chloroform; insoluble in ether pH (Vol. 4) 3.0 - 7.0 (5% soln) Precipitate formation To 5 ml of a 1 in 50 solution of the sample add 5 ml of dilute hydrochloric acid TS, 5 ml of water and 2 ml of 1 in 10 solution of potassium dichromate. A yellow precipitate forms. Add 5 ml of a 1 in 50 solution of the sample to 75 mg of cobalt nitrate and 0.3 g of ammonium thiocyanate dissolved in 2 ml of water, mix and acidify with dilute hydrochloric acid TS. A pale blue precipitate forms. To 5 ml of a 1 in 50 solution of the sample add 1 ml of 25% hydrochloric acid and 5 ml of 5% barium chloride solution and 1 ml of 5% phosphomolybdotungstic acid solution. -
Agrimer™ Polyvinylpyyrolidone (PVP)
agrimer ™ polyvinylpyyrolidone (PVP) binder, dispersant rheology, modifier, film former, complexing agent Agrimer™ polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) this brochure is divided into two main segments suggested applications General properties and uses 2-10 ¢ complexing agent Agricultural case studies 10 ¢ stabilizers / co-dispersants These case studies highlight the uses of Agrimer™ ¢ binders in dry / wet granulation and extrusion (dry compaction / fluidized-bed spray drying process) polymers in seed coatings, granule and tablet binders and as dispersants. ¢ film-forming agents / binders in seed coatings, dips and pour-ons general properties and uses ¢ biological stabilization ¢ water binding / anti-transpiration properties Agrimer™ PVP products are linear, non-ionic polymers that are soluble in water and many organic solvents. ¢ solubility enhancers via co-precipitation or They are pH stable, and have adhesive, cohesive thermal extrusion and binding properties. The unique ability to adsorb ¢ dye-binding agent on a host of active ingredients makes Agrimer™ PVP regulatory status homopolymers preferred co-dispersants in many The Agrimer™ PVP products listed in this brochure are formulations. Agrimer™ homopolymers have a high exempt from the requirement of a tolerance under glass transition temperature. 40 CFR 180.960. Lower molecular weight (Mw) Agrimer™ polymers (Agrimer™ 15 and Agrimer™ 30) are suitable for physical and chemical properties applications where dusting is a concern, such as The Agrimer™ polymers, a family of homopolymers of seed coatings and agglomeration. Higher Mw polyvinylpyrrolidone, are available in different viscosity Agrimer™ polymers (Agrimer™ 90 and Agrimer™ 120) can grades, ranging from very low to very high molecular build formulation viscosity faster and provide excellent weight. This range, coupled with their solubility in binding and film forming properties. -
Investigation of Poly(Vinyl Pyrrolidone) in Methanol by Dynamic Light Scattering and Viscosity Techniques
http://www.e-polymers.org e-Polymers 2007, no. 020 ISSN 1618-7229 Investigation of Poly(vinyl pyrrolidone) in methanol by dynamic light scattering and viscosity techniques Adel Aschi*, Mohamed Mondher Jebari and Abdelhafidh Gharbi Laboratoire de Physique de la Matière Molle, Faculté des Sciences de Tunis, Campus Universitaire, 1060, Tunisia; Fax +216.71.885.073; email : aschi13@ yahoo.fr (Received: 17 November, 2006; published: 16 February, 2007) Abstract: The behavior of poly(vinyl pyrrolidone) (PVP) in methanol was examined using several independent methods. The hydrodynamic radius (Rh) of individual samples, over a range of molecular weights (10,000–360,000), was determined using dynamic light scattering (DLS) measurements. Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS) techniques directly probe such dynamics by monitoring and analyzing the pattern of fluctuations of the light scattered from polymer molecules. Some viscosity measurements were also performed to complete the DLS measurements and to provide more information on the particle structure. The results obtained with PVP–methanol system showed that plotting the variation of intrinsic viscosity versus the logarithm of the molecular mass of this polymer, we observe one crossover point. This crossover point appears when we reach the Θ-solvent behavior and delimit two molecular mass regions. The second order least-squares regression was used as an approach and was in excellent agreement with viscometric experimental results. Keywords: DLS, Hydrodynamic radius, intrinsic viscosity. Introduction Polymers are frequently employed in many industrial and pharmaceutical applications. As a result, this has prompted a large volume of fundamental studies to understand the kinetic equilibrium, structural, and rheological properties of many different systems. -
Trade Names and Manufacturers
Appendix I Trade names and manufacturers In this appendix, some trade names of various polymeric materials are listed. The list is intended to cover the better known names but it is by no means exhaustive. It should be noted that the names given may or may not be registered. Trade name Polymer Manufacturer Abson ABS polymers B.F. Goodrich Chemical Co. Acrilan Polyacrylonitrile Chemstrand Corp. Acrylite Poly(methyl methacrylate) American Cyanamid Co. Adiprene Polyurethanes E.I. du Pont de Nemours & Co. Afcoryl ABS polymers Pechiney-Saint-Gobain Alathon Polyethylene E.I. du Pont de Nemours & Co. Alkathene Polyethylene Imperial Chemical Industries Ltd. Alloprene Chlorinated natural rubber Imperial Chemical Industries Ltd. Ameripol cis-1 ,4-Polyisoprene B.F. Goodrich Chemical Co. Araldite Epoxy resins Ciba (A.R.L.) Ltd. Arnel Cellulose triacetate Celanese Corp. Arnite Poly(ethylene terephthalate) Algemene Kunstzijde Unie N.Y. Baypren Polychloroprene Farbenfabriken Bayer AG Beetle Urea-formaldehyde resins British Industrial Plastics Ltd. Ben vic Poly(vinyl chloride) Solvay & Cie S.A. Bexphane Polypropylene Bakelite Xylonite Ltd. Butacite Poly( vinyl butyral) E.I. du Pont de Nemours & Co. Butakon Butadiene copolymers Imperial Chemical Industries Ltd. Butaprene Styrene-butadiene copolymers Firestone Tire and Rubber Co. Butvar Poly(vinyl butyral) Shawinigan Resins Corp. Cap ran Nylon 6 Allied Chemical Corp. Carbowax Poly(ethylene oxide) Union Carbide Corp. Cariflex I cis-1 ,4-Polyisoprene Shell Chemical Co. Ltd. Carina Poly(vinyl chloride) Shell Chemical Co. Ltd. TRADE NAMES AND MANUFACTURERS 457 Trade name Polymer Manufacturer Carin ex Polystyrene Shell Chemical Co. Ltd. Celcon Formaldehyde copolymer Celanese Plastics Co. Cellosize Hydroxyethylcellulose Union Carbide Corp. -
Exfoliation of Graphite with Deep Eutectic Solvents
(19) TZZ¥ZZ_T (11) EP 3 050 844 A1 (12) EUROPEAN PATENT APPLICATION published in accordance with Art. 153(4) EPC (43) Date of publication: (51) Int Cl.: 03.08.2016 Bulletin 2016/31 C01B 31/00 (2006.01) B82Y 30/00 (2011.01) (21) Application number: 14849900.7 (86) International application number: PCT/ES2014/070652 (22) Date of filing: 12.08.2014 (87) International publication number: WO 2015/044478 (02.04.2015 Gazette 2015/13) (84) Designated Contracting States: (72) Inventors: AL AT BE BG CH CY CZ DE DK EE ES FI FR GB • DE MIGUEL TURULLOIS, Irene GR HR HU IE IS IT LI LT LU LV MC MK MT NL NO 28006 Madrid (ES) PL PT RO RS SE SI SK SM TR • HERRADÓN GARCÍA, Bernardo Designated Extension States: 28006 Madrid (ES) BA ME • MANN MORALES, Enrique Alejandro 28006 Madrid (ES) (30) Priority: 24.09.2013 ES 201331382 • MORALES BERGAS, Enrique 28006 Madrid (ES) (71) Applicant: Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas (74) Representative: Cueto, Sénida (CSIC) SP3 Patents S.L. 28006 Madrid (ES) Los Madroños, 23 28891 Velilla de San Antonio (ES) (54) EXFOLIATION OF GRAPHITE WITH DEEP EUTECTIC SOLVENTS (57) The invention relate to graphite materials, and more specifically to the exfoliation of graphite using deep eutectic solvents, to methods related thereto, to polymer- ic composite materials containing graphene and the methodsfor the production thereof, andto graphene/met- al, exfoliated graphite/metal, graphene/metal oxide and exfoliated graphite/metal oxide composite materials and the methods for the production thereof. EP 3 050 844 A1 Printed by Jouve, 75001 PARIS (FR) EP 3 050 844 A1 Description Field of the Invention 5 [0001] The present invention relates to graphitic materials, and more specifically to exfoliation of graphite using deep eutectic solvents, methods related to it, polymeric composites with exfoliated graphite/graphene, composites graph- ene/metal, exfoliated graphite/metal, graphene/metal oxide and exfoliated graphite/metal oxide, and methods for their preparation. -
Preparation of Polyvinylpyrrolidone Or Vinyl-Pyrrolidone/Vinyl Acetate Copolymers of Various Molecular Weights Using a Single Initiator System
European Patent Office iy Publication number: 0 104 042 Office europeen des brevets A2 © EUROPEAN PATENT APPLICATION © Application number: 83305356.4 © Int. CI.3: C 08 F 26/10 © Date of filing: 13.09.83 © Priority: 20.09.82 US 419869 © Applicant: GAF CORPORATION 20.09.82 US 419870 140 West 51st Street New York New York 10020(US) © Date of publication of application: © Inventor: Barabas, Eugene S. 28.03.84 Bulletin 84/13 41 Stanie Brae Drive Watchung New Jersey 07060{US) @ Designated Contracting States: CH DE FR GB LI © Inventor: Cho, James R. 50 Powder Mill Lane Oakland New Jersey 07436(US) © Representative: Ford, Michael Frederick et al, MEWBURN ELUS & CO. 213 Cursitor Street London EC4A1BQIGB) © Preparation of polyvinylpyrrolidone or vinyl-pyrrolidone/vinyl acetate copolymers of various molecular weights using a single initiator system. @\sj) Vinylpyrrolidone or vinylpyrrolidone and vinyl acetate monomers are polymerized using free radical initiator con- sisting of t-Butylperoxypivalate and preferably in solvent consisting essentially of water, isopropyl alcohol, sec. butyl alcohol or mixtures thereof to produce polyvinylpyrrolidone or vinylpyrrolidone/vinyl acetate copolymer. CM < CM O o o 0. UJ Croydon Priming Company Ltd Background of the Invention Polymerization of N-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone (vinylpyrrolidone) and vinyl acetate by free radical mechanisms to form vinylpyrrolidone/vinyl acetate copolymer (PVP/VA) is well known and is described for instance in U. S. patent 2,667,473. Polymerization of N-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone (vinylpyrrolidone) by free radical mechanisms to form polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) is also well known and is described for instance in U. S. patents 4,058,655, 4,053,696 and 3,862,915. -
A Short Review on Stomach Specific Drug Delivery System
International Journal of PharmTech Research CODEN (USA): IJPRIF ISSN : 0974-4304 Vol.4, No.4, pp 1527-1545, Oct-Dec 2012 A Short Review on Stomach Specific Drug Delivery System Garima Gupta1*, Amit Singh1 1Department of Pharmaceutics, R.V. Northland Institute, Greater Noida, G. B. Nagar, U.P.,India. *Corres.author: [email protected] Abstract: Technological attempts have been made in the research and development of rate-controlled oral drug delivery systems to overcome physiological adversities, such as short gastric residence times (GRT) and unpredictable gastric emptying times (GET). Conventional oral dosage forms pose low bioavailability problems due to their rapid gastric transition from stomach, especially in case of drugs which are less soluble at alkaline pH of intestine. Similarly, drugs which produce their local action in stomach get rapidly emptied and do not get enough residence time in stomach. So, frequency of dose administration in such cases is increased. To avoid this problem, various efforts have been made to prolong the retention time of drug delivery system. In this review, we will discuss about the various approaches to produce gastro retention of drug delivery system, with current & recent developments of Stomach Specific floating drug delivery system. Key words: Gastro retention, Floating drug delivery system, Stomach specific drug delivery, gastric emptying time. INTRODUCTION:- The oral route is considered as the most promising route of drug delivery. Conventional drug delivery The oral delivery of drugs is the most preferred system achieves as well as maintained the drug route of administration due to ease of concentration within the therapeutically effective administration. Drug bioavailability of range needed for treatment, only when taken pharmaceutical oral dosage forms is influenced by several times a day.3 Drug that have narrow various factors. -
Anaphylaxis to Polyvinylpyrrolidone in Eye Drops Administered To
263 Practitioner's Corner 11. Fedorowski A, Li H, Yu X, Koelsch KA, Harris VM, Liles C, et al. Antiadrenergic autoimmunity in postural tachycardia Anaphylaxis to Polyvinylpyrrolidone in Eye Drops syndrome. Europace. 2017;19:1211-9. Administered to an Adolescent 12. Blitshteyn S, Brook J. Postural tachycardia syndrome (POTS) with anti-NMDA receptor antibodies after human Liccioli G, Mori F, Barni S, Pucci N, Novembre E papillomavirus vaccination. Immunol Res. 2016;65:1-3. Allergy Unit, Department of Pediatrics, University of Florence, 13. Gibbons CH, Vernino S a, Freeman R. Combined Anna Meyer Children’s University Hospital, Florence, Italy immunomodulatory therapy in autoimmune autonomic ganglionopathy. Arch Neurol. 2008;65:213-7. doi:10.1001/ J Investig Allergol Clin Immunol 2018; Vol. 28(4): 263-265 archneurol.2007.60. doi: 10.18176/jiaci.0252 Key words: Anaphylaxis. Polyvinylpyrrolidone. Adolescent. Palabras clave: Anafilaxia. Polivinilpirrolidona. Adolescente. Manuscript received December 5, 2017; accepted for publication March 5, 2018. Sinisa Savic Department of Clinical Immunology and Allergy Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) is a polymer derived from St James University the monomer N-vinylpyrrolidone, an organic compound Beckett Street consisting of a 5-membered lactam linked to a vinyl group. It is Leeds, UK widely used in medical products as an excipient, especially in Email: [email protected] tablet formulations, and in ophthalmic solutions as a lubricant. When linked to iodine, it is called povidone-iodine, which is used as an antiseptic agent. Even though PVP has been considered safe to date, cases of adverse reactions have been reported. While skin reactions to PVP from cutaneous exposure, such as contact dermatitis, are frequent, only a few cases of anaphylaxis from various administration routes have been described in the literature [1-5]. -
Towards Soft Robotic Devices for Site-Specific Drug Delivery
University of Wollongong Research Online Faculty of Engineering and Information Faculty of Engineering and Information Sciences - Papers: Part A Sciences 1-1-2015 Towards soft robotic devices for site-specific drug delivery Gursel Alici University of Wollongong, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://ro.uow.edu.au/eispapers Part of the Engineering Commons, and the Science and Technology Studies Commons Recommended Citation Alici, Gursel, "Towards soft robotic devices for site-specific drug delivery" (2015). Faculty of Engineering and Information Sciences - Papers: Part A. 4807. https://ro.uow.edu.au/eispapers/4807 Research Online is the open access institutional repository for the University of Wollongong. For further information contact the UOW Library: [email protected] Towards soft robotic devices for site-specific drug delivery Abstract Considerable research efforts have recently been dedicated to the establishment of various drug delivery systems (DDS) that are mechanical/physical, chemical and biological/molecular DDS. In this paper, we report on the recent advances in site-specific drug delivery (site-specific, controlled, targeted or smart drug delivery are terms used interchangeably in the literature, to mean to transport a drug or a therapeutic agent to a desired location within the body and release it as desired with negligibly small toxicity and side effect compared to classical drug administration means such as peroral, parenteral, transmucosal, topical and inhalation) based on mechanical/physical systems consisting of implantable and robotic drug delivery systems. While we specifically focus on the oboticr or autonomous DDS, which can be reprogrammable and provide multiple doses of a drug at a required time and rate, we briefly cover the implanted DDS, which are well-developed relative to the robotic DDS, to highlight the design and performance requirements, and investigate issues associated with the robotic DDS. -
A Perspective on Magnetic Core–Shell Carriers for Responsive and Targeted Drug Delivery Systems
Journal name: International Journal of Nanomedicine Article Designation: Review Year: 2019 Volume: 14 International Journal of Nanomedicine Dovepress Running head verso: Albinali et al Running head recto: Albinali et al open access to scientific and medical research DOI: 193981 Open Access Full Text Article REVIEW A perspective on magnetic core–shell carriers for responsive and targeted drug delivery systems This article was published in the following Dove Medical Press journal: International Journal of Nanomedicine Kholoud E Albinali1 Abstract: Magnetic core–shell nanocarriers have been attracting growing interest owing to Moustafa M Zagho1 their physicochemical and structural properties. The main principles of magnetic nanoparticles Yonghui Deng2 (MNPs) are localized treatment and stability under the effect of external magnetic fields. Ahmed A Elzatahry1 Furthermore, these MNPs can be coated or functionalized to gain a responsive property to a specific trigger, such as pH, heat, or even enzymes. Current investigations have been focused 1Materials Science and Technology Program, College of Arts and Sciences, on the employment of this concept in cancer therapies. The evaluation of magnetic core–shell Qatar University, Doha, Qatar; materials includes their magnetization properties, toxicity, and efficacy in drug uptake and 2 Department of Chemistry, State Key release. This review discusses some categories of magnetic core–shell drug carriers based Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Shanghai Key Laboratory on Fe2O3 and Fe3O4 as the core, and different shells such as poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid), of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative poly(vinylpyrrolidone), chitosan, silica, calcium silicate, metal, and lipids. In addition, the Materials, iChEM, Fudan University, review addresses their recent potential applications for cancer treatment. -
Deep Eutectic Solvents As Versatile Media for the Synthesis of Noble Metal Nanomaterials
Nanotechnol Rev 2017; 6(3): 271–278 Future of nanotechnology contribution Jae-Seung Lee* Deep eutectic solvents as versatile media for the synthesis of noble metal nanomaterials DOI 10.1515/ntrev-2016-0106 because of their low vapor pressure, low cost, non-flam- Received December 8, 2016; accepted February 6, 2017; previously mability, and easy preparation. The global electroplating published online March 20, 2017 market was estimated to be approximately 14.5 billion US$ in 2016 and is expected to continue expanding, indicating Abstract: Deep eutectic solvents (DESs) were developed the potential importance of DESs in industry [5]. In addi- 15 years ago and have been used for various purposes tion to metal processing, there is also a growing interest based on their unique chemical and physical properties. in utilizing DESs as tunable media for organic chemical Recently, they have been highlighted as versatile media syntheses, polymerization, and organic extraction and for the synthesis of noble metal nanomaterials. Although separation [6, 7]. Theoretically, an unlimited number of there are a few limitations, their vast chemical library of possible combinations of halide salts and HBDs (Figure 1) hydrogen bond donors and excellent solubility show great could be used to design a DES, resulting in a large number potential for their future applications for the synthesis of of suitable media for such inorganic and organic reactions. noble metal nanoparticles. It has also been demonstrated that DESs play a sig- Keywords: deep eutectic solvent; gold; nanomaterial; nificant role in the synthesis and fabrication of various nanoparticle; silver. nanomaterials, such as zeolite analogs [8], carbon nano- materials [9, 10], micro- and nanostructured semicon- ductors [11–13], and DNA nanostructures [14]. -
Stimuli-Responsive Nanomaterials for Application in Antitumor Therapy and Drug Delivery
pharmaceutics Review Stimuli-Responsive Nanomaterials for Application in Antitumor Therapy and Drug Delivery Son H. Pham y, Yonghyun Choi y and Jonghoon Choi * School of Integrative Engineering, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, Korea; [email protected] (S.H.P.); [email protected] (Y.C.) * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +82-2-820-5258 Authors contributed equally. y Received: 4 April 2020; Accepted: 4 July 2020; Published: 4 July 2020 Abstract: The new era of nanotechnology has produced advanced nanomaterials applicable to various fields of medicine, including diagnostic bio-imaging, chemotherapy, targeted drug delivery, and biosensors. Various materials are formed into nanoparticles, such as gold nanomaterials, carbon quantum dots, and liposomes. The nanomaterials have been functionalized and widely used because they are biocompatible and easy to design and prepare. This review mainly focuses on nanomaterials responsive to the external stimuli used in drug-delivery systems. To overcome the drawbacks of conventional therapeutics to a tumor, the dual- and multi-responsive behaviors of nanoparticles have been harnessed to improve efficiency from a drug delivery point of view. Issues and future research related to these nanomaterial-based stimuli sensitivities and the scope of stimuli-responsive systems for nanomedicine applications are discussed. Keywords: nanoparticles; stimuli-responsive; drug delivery; nanomedicine 1. Introduction Nanotechnology research has had a significant impact on the field of medicine. Particularly, nanomaterials, such as liposomes, dendrimers, polymers, metallic nanoparticles (NPs), and nanogels, are currently being developed and used in various biomedical applications. These nanomaterial systems play an important role not only in sensing, biomedical imaging, and diagnosis but also in drug delivery.