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Paediatric Urology THOMAS • DUFFY RICKWOOD ESSENTIALS OF ESSENTIALS OF SECOND PAEDIATRIC UROLOGY EDITION PAEDIATRIC UROLOGY EDITION SECOND This excellent and superbly illustrated text provides surgical trainees and non-specialists with an updated and extensively revised account of the urological disorders of childhood. The second edition reflects the many EDITED BY SECOND EDITION advances and innovations in paediatric urology since the first edition was published in 2002 and incorporates DAVID FM THOMAS suggestions and feedback from readers and reviewers of the first edition of Essentials of Paediatric Urology. There are new chapters such as “Minimally invasive paediatric urology”, which covers the innovative and ESSENTIALS OF ESSENTIALS PATRICK G DUFFY rapidly advancing contribution made by laparoscopic surgery to effective patient care and "The Child as a ANTHONY MK RICKWOOD Patient", which highlights the important differences of approach to caring for children and adults and provides clarification of the legal and ethical issues surrounding consent. There is also a new multiple choice question chapter with cross-references to the text, as requested by many readers of the first edition, thus providing an aide-memoire for those undergoing speciality examinations. This popular text was never intended to duplicate the large reference books written primarily for specialists. Instead it fulfils a unique role as the only textbook of paediatric urology written primarily for trainees and PAEDIATRIC those practising adult urology, paediatric surgery and paediatric urology. The second edition continues to meet this need as well as providing a ready source of reference for non-specialists including paediatricians and nurses. Like the first edition, the second is accessible and concise with a visual format characterised by extensive use of colour illustrations, flow charts and diagrams. RELATED TITLES OF INTEREST The Kelalis-King-Belman Textbook of Clinical Pediatric Urology, 5th Edition Edited by Steven G Docimo, Douglas Canning and Antoine Khoury ISBN 978-1-84184-504-3 UROLOGY Textbook of the Neurogenic Bladder: Adults and Children, 2nd Edition Edited by Jacques Corcos and Erik Schick ISBN 978-0-415-42316-8 Minimally Invasive Approaches to Pediatric Urology Edited by Steven G Docimo ISBN 978-1-84184-170-0 9781841846330 www.informahealthcare.com Prelims Thomas-8043.qxd 2/29/2008 7:17 PM Page i Essentials of Paediatric Urology Second Edition Edited by David FM Thomas FRCP FRCPCH FRCS St James’s University Hospital Leeds, UK Patrick G Duffy MB BCH BAO FRCS(I) FEBU Great Ormond Street Hospital for Sick Children London, UK Anthony MK Rickwood MA FRCS Formerly of Royal Liverpool Hospital for Sick Children Liverpool, UK Prelims Thomas-8043.qxd 2/29/2008 7:17 PM Page ii © 2008 Informa UK Ltd First published in the United Kingdom in 2002 Second edition published in the United Kingdom in 2008 by Informa Healthcare, Telephone House, 69-77 Paul Street, London EC2A 4LQ. Informa Healthcare is a trading division of Informa UK Ltd. Registered Office: 37/41 Mortimer Street, London W1T 3JH. Registered in England and Wales number 1072954. Tel: +44 (0)20 7017 5000 Fax: +44 (0)20 7017 6699 Website: www.informahealthcare.com All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior permission of the publisher or in accor- dance with the provisions of the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988 or under the terms of any licence permitting limited copying issued by the Copyright Licensing Agency, 90 Tottenham Court Road, London W1P 0LP. Although every effort has been made to ensure that all owners of copyright material have been acknowledged in this publication, we would be glad to acknowledge in subsequent reprints or editions any omissions brought to our attention. Although every effort has been made to ensure that drug doses and other information are presented accurately in this publication, the ultimate responsibility rests with the prescribing physician. Neither the publishers nor the authors can be held responsible for errors or for any consequences arising from the use of information contained herein. For detailed prescribing information or instruc- tions on the use of any product or procedure discussed herein, please consult the prescribing information or instructional material issued by the manufacturer. A CIP record for this book is available from the British Library. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Data available on application ISBN-10: 1 84184 633 3 ISBN-13: 978 1 84184 633 0 Distributed in North and South America by Ta y l o r & Fr a n c i s 6000 Broken Sound Parkway, NW, (Suite 300) Boca Raton, FL 33487, USA Within Continental USA Tel: 1 (800) 272 7737; Fax: 1 (800) 374 3401 Outside Continental USA Tel: (561) 994 0555; Fax: (561) 361 6018 Email: [email protected] Book orders in the rest of the world Paul Abrahams Tel: +44 (0)207 017 4036 Email: [email protected] Composition by C&M Digitals (P) Ltd, Chennai, India Printed and bound in India by Replika Press Pvt Ltd Prelims Thomas-8043.qxd 2/29/2008 7:17 PM Page iii To our wives: Marilyn, Zara and Valerie. Prelims Thomas-8043.qxd 2/29/2008 7:17 PM Page iv Prelims Thomas-8043.qxd 2/29/2008 7:17 PM Page v Contents List of Contributors ix Preface xi Acknowledgements xiii 1Embryology 1 David FM Thomas 2Renal physiology and renal failure 15 Richard Trompetor 3Diagnostic imaging 25 Melanie P Hiorns 4Urinary tract infection 43 Stuart J O’Toole 5Vesicoureteric reflux 57 David FM Thomas and Ram Subramaniam 6Upper tract obstruction 73 David FM Thomas 7Duplication anomalies, ureterocoeles and ectopic ureters 93 Anthony MK Rickwood, Nicholas P Madden and Su-Anna M Boddy 8Posterior urethral valves and other urethral abnormalities 109 Divyesh Desai and Patrick G Duffy 9 Cystic renal disease 121 David FM Thomas Prelims Thomas-8043.qxd 2/29/2008 7:17 PM Page vi vi Contents 10 Prenatal diagnosis 133 HK Dhillon 11 Stone disease in children 143 Patrick G Duffy, David FM Thomas and Martyn E Flett 12 Urinary incontinence 157 Henrik A Steinbrecher, Padraig S Malone and Anthony MK Rickwood 13 Neuropathic bladder 171 Henrik A Steinbrecher, Padraig S Malone and Anthony MK Rickwood 14 The urinary tract in anorectal malformations, multisystem disorders and syndromes 189 Duncan T Wilcox 15 Bladder exstrophy and epispadias 199 Peter Cuckow 16 Hypospadias 213 Duncan T Wilcox and Pierre DE Mouriquand 17 The prepuce 233 Kim AR Hutton 18 Testis, hydrocoele and varicocoele 247 Nicholas P Madden 19 The acute scrotum 265 David FM Thomas 20 Disorders of sex development 275 Henri Lottman and David FM Thomas 21 Genitourinary malignancies 295 Patrick G Duffy and Neil J Sebire 22 Urogenital trauma 307 David FM Thomas 23 Laparoscopic paediatric urology 317 Imran Mushtaq Prelims Thomas-8043.qxd 2/29/2008 7:17 PM Page vii Contents vii 24 Adolescent urology 331 Christopher RJ Woodhouse 25 Children and young people as urological patients 341 David FM Thomas Appendix I Self-assessment section: Questions 349 Appendix II Self-assessment section: Answers 371 Index 375 Prelims Thomas-8043.qxd 2/29/2008 7:17 PM Page viii Prelims Thomas-8043.qxd 2/29/2008 7:17 PM Page ix Contributors Su-Anna M Boddy MS FRCS Melanie P Hiorns MRCP FRCR Department of Paediatric Urology Department of Radiology St George’s Hospital Great Ormond Street Hospital for Sick Children London London UK UK Peter Cuckow MB BS FRCS (Paed) Kim AR Hutton MBCHB CHM FRCS (PAED) Department of Paediatric Urology Department of Paediatric Surgery Great Ormond Street Hospital for Sick Children University Hospital of Wales London Cardiff UK Wa l e s UK Divyesh Y Desai MBBS MS MCHIR (UROL) FEAPU Department of Paediatric Urology Henri Lottman MD FEBU Great Ormond Street Hospital for Sick Children Hôspital Necker-Enfants Malades London Service de Chirurgie Viscérale Pédiatrique UK Paris France HK Dhillon FRCS (ED) Department of Paediatric Urology Great Ormond Street Hospital for Sick Children Nicholas P Madden MA FRCS London Department of Paediatric Surgery and Urology UK Chelsea and Westminster Hospital London Patrick G Duffy MB BCH BAO FRCS (I) FEBU UK Department of Paediatric Urology Great Ormond Street Hospital for Sick Children Padraig S Malone MB MCH FRCSI FRCS London Department of Paediatric Urology UK Southampton General Hospital Southampton Martyn E Flett MB MCH BSC FRCS (PAED) UK Department of Paediatric Urology Great Ormond Street Hospital for Sick Children London UK Prelims Thomas-8043.qxd 2/29/2008 7:17 PM Page x x Contributors Pierre DE Mouriquand MD FRCS (ENG) EFAPU Ram Subramaniam MD Department of Paediatric Urology Department of Paediatric Surgery Claude-Bernard University St James’s University Hospital Debrousse Hospital Leeds Lyon UK France David FM Thomas FRCP FRCPCH FRCS Imran Mushtaq MD FRCS (PAEDS) Department of Paediatric Surgery Department of Paediatric Urology St James’s University Hospital Great Ormond Street Hospital for Sick Children Leeds London UK UK Richard Trompetor MB FRCP FRCPCH Stuart J O’Toole MD FRCS (PAEDS) Department of Nephrology Department of Surgical Paediatrics Great Ormond Street Hospital for Sick Children Royal Hospital for Sick Children London Glasgow UK Scotland UK Duncan T Wilcox MD FRCS Department of Paediatric Urology Anthony MK Rickwood MA FRCS University of Texas (Formerly) Southwestern Medical Center Department of Paediatric Urology Dallas, TX Royal Liverpool Hospital
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