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Undocumented Immigrants in U.S. – Mexico Border Counties: the Costs of Law Enforcement and Criminal Justice Services Author: Tanis J

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Undocumented Immigrants in U.S. – Mexico Border Counties: the Costs of Law Enforcement and Criminal Justice Services Author: Tanis J The author(s) shown below used Federal funds provided by the U.S. Department of Justice and prepared the following final report: Document Title: Undocumented Immigrants In U.S. – Mexico Border Counties: The Costs Of Law Enforcement And Criminal Justice Services Author: Tanis J. Salant ; John R. Weeks ; Efrat Feferman ; Jenna Berman ; David Eisenberg Document No.: 223285 Date Received: July 2008 Award Number: 2006-DD-BX-0004 This report has not been published by the U.S. Department of Justice. To provide better customer service, NCJRS has made this Federally- funded grant final report available electronically in addition to traditional paper copies. Opinions or points of view expressed are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the official position or policies of the U.S. Department of Justice. Eller College of Management School of Public Administration and Policy Undocumented Immigrants in U.S. - Mexico Border Counties The costs of law enforcement and criminal justice services The costs of law enforcement and criminal justice services | i UNDOCUMENTED IMMIGRANTS IN U.S. - MEXICO BORDER COUNTIES THE COSTS OF LAW ENFORCEMENT AND CRIMINAL JUSTICE SERVICES ii | US/Mexico Border Counties Coalition This research report was supported by Grant Number 206DDBX0004 awarded by the National Institute of Justice, Office of Justice Programs, U.S. Department of Justice. Points of view in this document are those of the principal investigator and do not necessarily represent the official position or policies of the U.S. Department of Justice. School of Public Administration and Policy www.publicadmin.eller.arizona.edu ©2008 Arizona Board of Regents. All rights reserved. The University of Arizona (UA) is an equal opportunity, affirmative action institution. The UA prohibits discrimination in its programs and activities on the basis of race, color, religion, sex, national origin, age, disability, veteran status, or sexual orientation and is committed to maintaining an environment free from sexual harassment and retaliation. The costs of law enforcement and criminal justice services | iii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Many thanks and appreciation go first to the United States/Mexico Border Counties Coalition for providing us with the opportunity to learn about border county issues and experience first-hand the impact of undocumented immigra- tion on border counties. Second, I wish to acknowledge the hard work of Arizona Senator Jon Kyl, the seven other senators from the border states, and additional members of Congress who recognize the severity on county budgets and the hardships on county citizens that ineffective border enforcement imposes. I am honored to have met and talked with numerous county officials, both elected and appointed, who govern the counties stretching from San Diego to Brownsville. They carved time out of their schedules to meet with me, some- times on several occasions, to educate me about their functions and roles, and to explore with us how the incidence of criminal activity on the part of undocumented immigrants undermines their capacity to meet the basic needs of their own citizens. I would like to thank our respective institutions for providing crucial support and encouragement: The University of Arizona’s School of Public Administration and Policy, especially Gloria Manzanedo and Cara Wallace, and Steve Tkachyk, Biomedical Communications, Arizona Health Science Center; and San Diego State University, Department of Geography and the International Population Center. My deepest appreciation is reserved for David Austin, Dian Copelin Watkins, and Isaac Reyes of Austin, Copelin & Reyes LLC, the management team for the US/Mexico Border Counties Coalition. They devoted weeks of careful and patient review of the manuscript, making it a far better and more useful document. Tanis J. Salant, D.P.A. School of Public Administration and Policy The University of Arizona September 2007 THE RESEARCH TEAM Tanis J. Salant, D.P.A. The University of Arizona Principal Investigator John R. Weeks, Ph.D. San Diego State University Contributor Efrat Feferman, M.P.A. Jenna Berman, M.P.A. David Eisenberg, Ph.D. Research Assistants September 2007 iv | US/Mexico Border Counties Coalition CONTENTS Acknowledgements............................................................................................................... iii List of Tables ..........................................................................................................................v Introduction: The Burden Falls on Border Counties ............................................................. 1 California Border Counties ................................................................................................. 13 San Diego County ..................................................................................................................... 17 Imperial County ........................................................................................................................ 21 Arizona Border Counties ..................................................................................................... 25 Yuma County ............................................................................................................................ 28 Pima County ............................................................................................................................. 33 Santa Cruz County .................................................................................................................... 39 Cochise County ......................................................................................................................... 44 New Mexico Border Counties.............................................................................................. 51 Hidalgo County ......................................................................................................................... 55 Luna County ............................................................................................................................. 58 Doña Ana County ...................................................................................................................... 61 Texas Border Counties ........................................................................................................ 65 El Paso County .......................................................................................................................... 70 Hudspeth County ...................................................................................................................... 76 Culberson County ..................................................................................................................... 80 Jeff Davis County ....................................................................................................................... 83 Presidio County ......................................................................................................................... 86 Brewster County ........................................................................................................................ 90 Terrell County ........................................................................................................................... 93 Val Verde County ....................................................................................................................... 95 Maverick County ..................................................................................................................... 100 Kinney County ........................................................................................................................ 104 Webb County .......................................................................................................................... 107 Zapata County ......................................................................................................................... 112 Starr County ............................................................................................................................ 117 Hidalgo County ....................................................................................................................... 121 Cameron County ..................................................................................................................... 126 Summary, Conclusions and Policy Recommendations: The Burden Falls on Border Counties .................................................................................. 131 The costs of law enforcement and criminal justice services | v LIST OF TABLES Introduction: The Burden Falls on Border Counties 1 U.S.-Mexico Border Sectors by State ..................................................................................3 2 Southern Border Statistics by State ....................................................................................3 3 Border County Demographics ...........................................................................................4 4 Border Municipio Population ..............................................................................................4 5 Size of Arizona Border Counties Law-Justice System .........................................................6 California Border Counties C1 California Border County Statistics ..................................................................................13 C2 Costs of Undocumented Immigration by
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