Who’s Related to Whom? Biologists use diagrams like the one below to show the relationship between species. This diagram is known as a phylogenetic tree. Ciscoes, whitefish and some species STEELHEAD (Oncorhynchus mykiss) are migratory Rainbow . are only found in . Species such as , Golden Rainbow Trout, Brown Translation of the scientific name: Trout and are found throughout Pennsylvania. “hooked snout/hooked lower jaw” Status: native to western North America, introduced to Pennsylvania waters in the late 1890s RAINBOW TROUT Habitat: cool waters (50- to 70-degree F range) (Oncorhynchus mykiss) of Lake Erie Translation of the scientific name: Habitat: cool (50- to 70-degree F range) Spawn: November through April (swim up ( trutta) “hooked snout/hooked lower jaw” streams and rivers Lake Erie tributary streams to spawn) Translation of scientific name: Status: native to western North Spawn: November through April Eggs produced: 3,000 to 5,000 eggs “Atlantic Salmon” “trout” America, introduced to Pennsylvania Eggs produced: 500 to 3,000 eggs Average length: 22 to 24 inches long Status: native to Europe and waters in the late 1890s Average length: 10 to 12 inches long Average lifespan: 6 to 8 years introduced to Pennsylvania waters Spawn: October through December PINK SALMON (Oncorhynchus gorbuscha) Average lifespan: up to 8 years in 1880s Eggs produced: 200 to 3,000 eggs COHO SALMON (Oncorhynchus kisutch) Habitat: cold/cool (50- to 70-degree F range) Average length: 10 to 12 inches long RAINBOW TROUT (Oncorhynchus mykiss) streams, rivers and deep lakes Average lifespan: 4 to 8 years GOLDEN RAINBOW TROUT (Oncorhynchus mykiss) SOCKEYE SALMON (Kokanee) (Oncorhynchus nerka) CHINOOK SALMON (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) * LONGJAW ( alpenae) Trout and Salmon Characteristics ATLANTIC SALMON (Salmo salar) EXTIRPATED BROWN TROUT (Salmo trutta) N * CISCO () • Elongated and torpedo-shaped bodies O ENDANGERED M • Soft-rayed dorsal fin L H * LAKE WHITEFISH (Coregonus clupeaformis) A FIS • Adipose fin between the S E Brown Trout has dark spots, HIT BROOK TROUT (Salvelinus fontinalis) C few or none on tail. I W caudal (tail) and dorsal fin

Translation of scientific name: F & * BROOK TROUT T I S “char” “of springs” RO C E • Favor streams, lakes

(Salvelinus fontinalis) U A O P C Status: native to Pennsylvania T S NOT FOUND IN PENNSYLVANIA and rivers where water * I Habitat: small, cold (Salvelinus namaycush) C temperatures are less than Rainbow Trout has dark spots, (50- to 60-degree F range) streams Family: 70-degrees F with a preferred especially on tail, and a Spawn: September through November CHAR NG pink lateral stripe. Eggs produced: less than 100 to 1,000 eggs AYLI temperature range between Average length: 5 to 7 inches long Order: GR 50- and 65-degrees F Average lifespan: 2 to 5 years Salmoniformes • Likes waterways with a clean Lake Trout has light spots over LAKE TROUT (Salvelinus namaycush) (soft-ray fins, adipose bottom, rocks and gravel entire body. Tail deeply forked. Translation of scientific name: fins and abdominal “char” “Lake Trout” Status: native to Pennsylvania pelvic fins) Habitat: large, coldwater lakes Spawn: September through November Class: State Facts Eggs produced: 400 to 6,000 eggs Osteictchyes Brook Trout are classified as char, not trout. Chars Average length: 15 to 20 inches long Average lifespan: may exceed 25 years (bony ) live more north than other Salmonids. They prefer Phylum: cold, clean, high-oxygenated waters. Today, their home Chordata waters are small headwater streams. Nicknames for the Brook Trout include speckled trout, squaretail or brookies. (spinal cord) Before European settlement, Brook Trout lived in most Kingdom: Pennsylvania streams. The growing human population resulted in Animalia() landscape changes. Timber was overharvested, coal was mined and flowing waters became sewers. Populations of Brook Trout were eliminated from many waters because of the resulting pollution, habitat loss and warmer waters. * NATIVE TO PENNSYLVANIA Who’s Related to Whom? Biologists use diagrams like the one below to show the relationship between species. This diagram is known as a phylogenetic tree. Ciscoes, whitefish and some salmon species STEELHEAD (Oncorhynchus mykiss) are migratory Rainbow Trout. are only found in Lake Erie. Species such as Rainbow Trout, Golden Rainbow Trout, Brown Translation of the scientific name: Trout and Brook Trout are found throughout Pennsylvania. “hooked snout/hooked lower jaw” Status: native to western North America, introduced to Pennsylvania waters in the late 1890s RAINBOW TROUT Habitat: cool waters (50- to 70-degree F range) (Oncorhynchus mykiss) of Lake Erie Translation of the scientific name: Habitat: cool (50- to 70-degree F range) Spawn: November through April (swim up BROWN TROUT (Salmo trutta) “hooked snout/hooked lower jaw” streams and rivers Lake Erie tributary streams to spawn) Translation of scientific name: Status: native to western North Spawn: November through April Eggs produced: 3,000 to 5,000 eggs “Atlantic Salmon” “trout” America, introduced to Pennsylvania Eggs produced: 500 to 3,000 eggs Average length: 22 to 24 inches long Status: native to Europe and waters in the late 1890s Average length: 10 to 12 inches long Average lifespan: 6 to 8 years introduced to Pennsylvania waters Spawn: October through December PINK SALMON (Oncorhynchus gorbuscha) Average lifespan: up to 8 years in 1880s Eggs produced: 200 to 3,000 eggs COHO SALMON (Oncorhynchus kisutch) Habitat: cold/cool (50- to 70-degree F range) Average length: 10 to 12 inches long RAINBOW TROUT (Oncorhynchus mykiss) streams, rivers and deep lakes Average lifespan: 4 to 8 years GOLDEN RAINBOW TROUT (Oncorhynchus mykiss) SOCKEYE SALMON (Kokanee) (Oncorhynchus nerka) CHINOOK SALMON (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) * LONGJAW CISCO (Coregonus alpenae) Trout and Salmon Characteristics ATLANTIC SALMON (Salmo salar) EXTIRPATED BROWN TROUT (Salmo trutta) N * CISCO (Coregonus artedi) • Elongated and torpedo-shaped bodies O ENDANGERED M • Soft-rayed dorsal fin L H * LAKE WHITEFISH (Coregonus clupeaformis) A FIS • Adipose fin between the S E Brown Trout has dark spots, HIT BROOK TROUT (Salvelinus fontinalis) C few or none on tail. I W caudal (tail) and dorsal fin

Translation of scientific name: F & * BROOK TROUT T I S “char” “of springs” RO C E • Favor streams, lakes

(Salvelinus fontinalis) U A O P C Status: native to Pennsylvania T S NOT FOUND IN PENNSYLVANIA and rivers where water * LAKE TROUT I Habitat: small, cold (Salvelinus namaycush) C temperatures are less than Rainbow Trout has dark spots, (50- to 60-degree F range) streams Family: 70-degrees F with a preferred especially on tail, and a Spawn: September through November CHAR NG pink lateral stripe. Eggs produced: less than 100 to 1,000 eggs Salmonidae AYLI temperature range between Average length: 5 to 7 inches long Order: GR 50- and 65-degrees F Average lifespan: 2 to 5 years Salmoniformes • Likes waterways with a clean Lake Trout has light spots over LAKE TROUT (Salvelinus namaycush) (soft-ray fins, adipose bottom, rocks and gravel entire body. Tail deeply forked. Translation of scientific name: fins and abdominal “char” “Lake Trout” Status: native to Pennsylvania pelvic fins) Habitat: large, coldwater lakes Spawn: September through November Class: State Fish Facts Eggs produced: 400 to 6,000 eggs Osteictchyes Brook Trout are classified as char, not trout. Chars Average length: 15 to 20 inches long Average lifespan: may exceed 25 years (bony fishes) live more north than other Salmonids. They prefer Phylum: cold, clean, high-oxygenated waters. Today, their home Chordata waters are small headwater streams. Nicknames for the Brook Trout include speckled trout, squaretail or brookies. (spinal cord) Before European settlement, Brook Trout lived in most Kingdom: Pennsylvania streams. The growing human population resulted in Animalia(animals) landscape changes. Timber was overharvested, coal was mined and flowing waters became sewers. Populations of Brook Trout were eliminated from many waters because of the resulting pollution, habitat loss and warmer waters. * NATIVE TO PENNSYLVANIA