DOCSLIB.ORG

Saharan Africa

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Saharan Africa INTESTINAL AND URINARY SCHISTOSOMIASIS DYNAMICS IN SUB- SAHARAN AFRICA Anouk N Gouvras Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, Imperial College, London Supervisors Professor Joanne P. Webster Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, Imperial College, London Professor Alan Fenwick Schistosomiasis Control Initiative, Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, Imperial College, London Thesis submitted for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy of Imperial College London, 2010 1 To my mother, Laura Gouvras, for her αρετή, To George Gouvras, for giving me an Ιθακι, And to Tino and Hugo, for keeping me sane by driving me mad. 2 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS I am forever grateful to my supervisor Prof. Joanne P. Webster for giving me this opportunity to develop my research skills, for sending me to Niger, Kenya, Cameroon and Tanzania, all experiences that I cherish, for her support, her insights and discussions and for being so patient with me, I could not have hoped for a better supervisor. And thanks for the G&Ts too. I would like to thank Prof. Alan Fenwick, for his advice, for his generous contributions and for sending me on an adventure in Ethiopia, without a doubt my favourite trip thus far. My particular thanks go to the Dr Amadou Garba, Dr Marie Lamine, and Dr Curtis Kariuki for the work we did in Niger and Kenya, none of this could have been done without their expertise and dedication. I also owe thanks to Dr Marie Lamine for treating me when I was suffering from malaria. And thanks go to her family for taking such good care of me in Niger. None of this work could have been done without the capable and hardworking technicians in Niger and Kenya, especially as they added the fun to field work. Thus I would like to extend my warmest thanks to the field teams of RISEAL, Niger and the National Museums of Kenya. For the laboratory and analysis work I owe special thanks to Dr Alice Norton who trained me, Dr Charlotte Gower for her invaluable advice, Dr Artemis Koukounari for her help with the scary stats, Dr Bonnie Webster, Dr David Rollinson, Dr Russell Stothard and the whole team at the Natural History Museum for the numerous adult worm donations and general advice and discussion. I wish to thank SCI and CONTRAST for the opportunities they provided and for the funding of this research. These past few years would not have been half as enjoyable were it not for the lovely group of friends I made at DIDE, some who have stayed, some who have left. In particular I’d like to thank Poppy, Isobel, Emma, Artemis, James, Andrea, Dan, Thibaut and everybody at DIDE for their support and friendship and for making this department such a great place to work. 3 Special thanks also go to Hafiza Bibi and Anna Wilhelme for being such great admin ladies and for their general wonderfulness. I would also like to thank my wonderfully supportive family and friends Eleanna, Ilektra, Marianna, Stefanos, Laura, Fiona, Leila, Hannah, Emily, Maike, Sarah, Nikki and of course the lovely Rosy Posy. Particular thanks go to Jane Deal and Nathan, Shelagh, Patrick, Luke and Josh Long. Finally, I wish to thank my grandmother Sylvana for the much needed breaks and discussions, my brothers Tino and Hugo for their support and for their wonderful, light-hearted approach to life and most of all, my mother for, well, everything and more. 4 DECLARATION OF ORIGINALITY The work presented in this thesis was carried out within the larger research projects involving Professor Joanne Webster’s research group at Imperial College London and various other institutes. The studies in chapter 2 and 4 was carried out in Kenya with the National Museums of Kenya and involved collaborations with Dr Curtis Kariuki and Dr Charles Lange and was jointly funded by CONTRAST, multidisciplinary alliance to optimize schistosomiasis control and transmission in sub- Saharan Africa, and by the Schistosomiasis Control Initiative. The majority of the prevalence, infection intensity and morbidity data collections were undertaken by the field teams of the National Museums of Kenya, with the exception of the collection of urinary albumin measurements and all parasite genetic material which was carried out by the candidate, with the assistance of Dr Alice Norton in the baseline survey. Statistical analysis of morbidity data was performed by the candidate alongside Dr Artemis Koukounari. The candidate conducted the optimization of the Whole Genome Amplification, with assistance from Dr Charlotte Gower, and performed all genotyping of parasite samples. The candidate conducted all population analysis in chapter 4. The study in chapter 3 was carried out as part of an epidemiological study involved in the research projects of CONTRAST, multidisciplinary alliance to optimize schistosomiasis control and transmission in sub-Saharan Africa which involved collaborations with Dr Amadou Garba of RISEAL, Niger. The prevalence, infection intensity and part of the parasite genetic material was undertaken by the field teams of RISEAL, led by Dr Marie Lamine. However the majority of the parasite genetic material was collected by the candidate. All the parasite genotyping and subsequent population genetic analyses were performed by the candidate. All the data and written work presented in this thesis is the original work of the candidate, conducted under the supervision of Professor Joanne P. Webster and Professor Alan Fenwick at Imperial College London, and all other work has been properly referenced. 5 ABSTRACT Schistosomiasis is a chronic infection by a digean trematode of the genus Schistosoma. More than 207 million people are infected with this parasite, of which 120 million are symptomatic. There are two main species infecting humans in sub-Saharan Africa: Schistosoma haematobium and S. mansoni, both occur in areas with similar socio-economic and environmental conditions and often have matching distribution patterns. The principle aims of the research presented in this thesis were to further our understanding of schistosome population genetics, associated human host morbidity and chemotherapeutic treatment of schistosomes in relation to mixed species infections. Structured sampling of parasites and/or host traits from school-aged children at baseline and post Mass Drug Administration (MDA) in Niger and Kenya were performed. The results presented provided evidence for S. haematobium - S. mansoni interactions and their impact on the human host and on the parasite population. In Kenya coinfections had lower S. haematobium related morbidity relative to single S. haematobium infections pre and post MDA. Additionally parasite infra-populations from coinfected children had higher genetic diversity levels compared to single infected children in mixed infection foci. In Niger, an impact of MDA on the population genetics of S. mansoni was detected in one mixed infection village, characterised as a noticeable bottleneck effect, but not in the other. There was no aapparent impact of MDA on the population genetics of S. haematobium. Conversely, in Kenya, a significant impact of MDA on both species was detected, with a bottleneck effect occurring on the S. haematobium population and conversely, an increase in genetic diversity in the S. mansoni population. The results of this thesis are discussed in terms of their implications on schistosome epidemiology and evolution, and in relation to the control of schistosomiasis in sub-Saharan Africa 6 TABLE OF CONTENTS INTESTINAL AND URINARY SCHISTOSOMIASIS DYNAMICS IN SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA ...................................... 1 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS ............................................................................................................................................... 3 DECLARATION OF ORIGINALITY .................................................................................................................................... 5 ABSTRACT .............................................................................................................................................................. 6 TABLE OF CONTENTS ................................................................................................................................................ 7 GLOSSARY ............................................................................................................................................................ 13 GENERAL INTRODUCTION ........................................................................................................................................ 15 Schistosomiasis............................................................................................................................................. 15 Schistosoma species ..................................................................................................................................... 15 Life Cycle of African Human Schistosoma..................................................................................................... 15 Human Pathology of Schistosomiasis........................................................................................................... 16 Schistosoma Control, Genetics and Evolution .............................................................................................. 17 Polyparasitism .............................................................................................................................................. 20 Thesis Aims and Structure ...........................................................................................................................
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Enhancing Control of Schistosomiasis in Niger: Assessing Morbidity in Preschool-Aged Children, Praziquantel Treatment Efficacy and Cost Implication for Control
    Enhancing control of schistosomiasis in Niger: assessing morbidity in preschool-aged children, praziquantel treatment efficacy and cost implication for control INAUGURALDISSERTATION zur Erlangung der Würde eines Doktors der Philosophie vorgelegt der Philosophisch-Naturwissenschaftlichen Fakultät der Universität Basel von Amadou Garba Djirmay aus Niamey, Niger Basel, 2013 Genehmigt von der Philosophisch-Naturwissenschaftlichen Fakultät auf Antrag von Prof. Dr. Jürg Utzinger, Dr. David Rollinson Basel, den 20. September 2011 Prof. Dr. Martin Spiess Dekan der Philosophisch- Naturwissenschaftlichen Fakultät Table of contents Table of contents Table of contents .................................................................................................................. i List of tables ........................................................................................................................ v List of figures .................................................................................................................... vii List of abbreviations ........................................................................................................... ix Summary ............................................................................................................................ xi Zusammenfassung ............................................................................................................. xv Résumé ............................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Niger Valley Development Programme Summary of the Updated Environmental and Social Impact Assessment
    Kandadji Ecosystems Regeneration and Niger Valley Development Programme Summary of the Updated Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Language: English Original: French AFRICAN DEVELOPMENT BANK GROUP PROJECT TO SUPPORT THE KANDADJI ECOSYSTEMS REGENERATION AND NIGER VALLEY DEVELOPMENT PROGRAMME (P_KRESMIN) COUNTRY: NIGER SUMMARY OF THE ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT (ESIA) Mohamed Aly BABAH Team Leader RDGW2/BBFO 6107 Principal Irrigation Engineer Aimée BELLA-CORBIN Chief Expert, Environmental and Social SNSC 3206 Protection Expert Nathalie G. GAHUNGA RDGW.2 3381 Chief Gender Expert Gisèle BELEM, Senior Expert, Environmental and Social SNSC 4597 Protection Team Members Parfaite KOFFI SNSC Consulting Environmentalist Rokhayatou SARR SAMB Project Team SNFI.1 4365 Procurement Expert Eric NGODE SNFI.2 Financial Management Expert Thomas Akoetivi KOUBLENOU RDGW.2 Consulting Agroeconomist Sector Manager e Patrick AGBOMA AHAI.2 1540 Sector Director Martin FREGENE AHAI 5586 Regional Director Marie Laure. AKIN-OLUGBADE RDWG 7778 Country Manager Nouridine KANE-DIA CONE 3344 Manager, Regional Mouldi TARHOUNI RDGW.2 2235 Agricultural Division Page 1 Kandadji Ecosystems Regeneration and Niger Valley Development Programme Summary of the Updated Environmental and Social Impact Assessment SUMMARY OF THE ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT (ESIA) Project Name : Project to Support the Kandadji Ecosystems SAP Code: P-NE-AA0-020 Regeneration and Niger Valley Development Programme Country : NIGER Category : 1 Department : RDGW Division : RDGW.2 1. INTRODUCTION Almost entirely located in the Sahel-Saharan zone, the Republic of Niger is characterised by very low annual rainfall and long dry spells. The western part of country is traversed by the Niger River, which is Niger’s most important surface water resource.
    [Show full text]
  • NIGER: Carte Administrative NIGER - Carte Administrative
    NIGER - Carte Administrative NIGER: Carte administrative Awbari (Ubari) Madrusah Légende DJANET Tajarhi /" Capital Illizi Murzuq L I B Y E !. Chef lieu de région ! Chef lieu de département Frontières Route Principale Adrar Route secondaire A L G É R I E Fleuve Niger Tamanghasset Lit du lac Tchad Régions Agadez Timbuktu Borkou-Ennedi-Tibesti Diffa BARDAI-ZOUGRA(MIL) Dosso Maradi Niamey ZOUAR TESSALIT Tahoua Assamaka Tillabery Zinder IN GUEZZAM Kidal IFEROUANE DIRKOU ARLIT ! BILMA ! Timbuktu KIDAL GOUGARAM FACHI DANNAT TIMIA M A L I 0 100 200 300 kms TABELOT TCHIROZERINE N I G E R ! Map Doc Name: AGADEZ OCHA_SitMap_Niger !. GLIDE Number: 16032013 TASSARA INGALL Creation Date: 31 Août 2013 Projection/Datum: GCS/WGS 84 Gao Web Resources: www.unocha..org/niger GAO Nominal Scale at A3 paper size: 1: 5 000 000 TILLIA TCHINTABARADEN MENAKA ! Map data source(s): Timbuktu TAMAYA RENACOM, ARC, OCHA Niger ADARBISNAT ABALAK Disclaimers: KAOU ! TENIHIYA The designations employed and the presentation of material AKOUBOUNOU N'GOURTI I T C H A D on this map do not imply the expression of any opinion BERMO INATES TAKANAMATAFFALABARMOU TASKER whatsoever on the part of the Secretariat of the United Nations BANIBANGOU AZEY GADABEDJI TANOUT concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area ABALA MAIDAGI TAHOUA Mopti ! or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its YATAKALA SANAM TEBARAM !. Kanem WANZERBE AYOROU BAMBAYE KEITA MANGAIZE KALFO!U AZAGORGOULA TAMBAO DOLBEL BAGAROUA TABOTAKI TARKA BANKILARE DESSA DAKORO TAGRISS OLLELEWA
    [Show full text]
  • Livelihoods Zoning “Plus” Activity in Niger
    LIVELIHOODS ZONING “PLUS” ACTIVITY IN NIGER A SPECIAL REPORT BY THE FAMINE EARLY WARNING SYSTEMS NETWORK (FEWS NET) August 2011 Table of Contents Introduction .................................................................................................................................................. 3 Methodology ................................................................................................................................................. 4 National Livelihoods Zones Map ................................................................................................................... 6 Livelihoods Highlights ................................................................................................................................... 7 National Seasonal Calendar .......................................................................................................................... 9 Rural Livelihood Zones Descriptions ........................................................................................................... 11 Zone 1: Northeast Oases: Dates, Salt and Trade ................................................................................... 11 Zone 2: Aïr Massif Irrigated Gardening ................................................................................................ 14 Zone 3 : Transhumant and Nomad Pastoralism .................................................................................... 17 Zone 4: Agropastoral Belt .....................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Foreign Assistance
    TREATIES AND OTHER INTERNATIONAL ACTS SERIES 18-126 ________________________________________________________________________ FOREIGN ASSISTANCE Millennium Challenge Compact Between the UNITED STATES OF AMERICA and NIGER Signed at Washington July 29, 2016 with Annexes NOTE BY THE DEPARTMENT OF STATE Pursuant to Public Law 89—497, approved July 8, 1966 (80 Stat. 271; 1 U.S.C. 113)— “. .the Treaties and Other International Acts Series issued under the authority of the Secretary of State shall be competent evidence . of the treaties, international agreements other than treaties, and proclamations by the President of such treaties and international agreements other than treaties, as the case may be, therein contained, in all the courts of law and equity and of maritime jurisdiction, and in all the tribunals and public offices of the United States, and of the several States, without any further proof or authentication thereof.” NIGER Foreign Assistance Millennium Challenge Compact signed at Washington July 29, 2016; Entered into force January 26, 2018. With annexes. MILLENNIUM CHALLENGE COMPACT BETWEEN THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA ACTING THROUGH THE MILLENNIUM CIIA£LENGE CORPORATION AND THE REPUBLIC OF NIGER ACTING THROUGH THE MINISTRY IN CHARGE OF FOREIGN AFFAIRS AND COOPERATION MILLENNIUM CHALLENGE COMPACT TABLE OF CONTENTS ARTICLE 1. GOAL AND OBJECTIVES .................................................................................... 1 Section 1.1 Compact Goal .....................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Niger AFRICAN DEVELOPMENT BANK Fraternity – Work - Progress ------Prime Minister’S Office ------AFRICAN DEVELOPMENT FUND High Commission for Niger Valley Development
    Republic of Niger AFRICAN DEVELOPMENT BANK Fraternity – Work - Progress ------------ ------------------------ Prime Minister’s Office ------------ AFRICAN DEVELOPMENT FUND High Commission for Niger Valley Development "KANDADJI" ECOSYSTEMS REGENERATION AND NIGER VALLEY DEVELOPMENT PROGRAMME (KERNVDP) DETAILED ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT EXECUTIVE SUMMARY January 2008 TABLE OF CONTENTS List of Acronyms.........................................................................................................................i 1. Introduction ........................................................................................................................ 1 2. Description and Rationale of the KERNVDP .................................................................... 1 3. Policy, Legal and Institutional Framework ........................................................................ 3 3.1. Policy Framework ...................................................................................................... 3 3.1.1. Relevant ADB Crosscutting Policies ..................................................................... 3 3.1.2. International Conventions, Protocols, Treaties and Agreements. .......................... 4 3.1.3. Legal Environmental Framework........................................................................... 5 3.1.4. Legal Social Framework ........................................................................................ 5 3.2. Institutional and Administrative Framework ............................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Downloaded from Afsis Website
    REPUBLIC OF NIGER FRATERNITY – LABOR - PROGRESS MINISTRY OF FINANCE NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF STATISTICS 2011 National Survey on Household Living Conditions and Agriculture (ECVM/A-2011) BASIC INFORMATION DOCUMENT October 2013 ACRONYMS ECVM/A National Survey on Living Conditions and Agriculture 2011 ENBC National Survey on Household Budget and Consumption GDP Gross Domestic Product INS National Institute of Statistics LSMS-ISA Living Standards Measurement Study – Integrated Surveys on Agriculture MDG Millennium Development Goal QUIBB Core Welfare Indicator Questionnaire ZD Enumeration area CONTENTS 1. INTRODUCTION .................................................................................................................. 1 2. CHARACTERISTICS OF THE SURVEY ............................................................................ 2 2.1. Brief Introduction to the Survey and the Household Questionnaire – first visit ............. 2 2.2. DESCRIPTION OF THE SECOND VISIT QUESTIONNAIRE ................................... 3 2.3 Description of the agriculture and livestock questionnaire – First Visit .......................... 3 2.4 description of the agriculture and livestock questionnaire – second visit ........................ 3 2.5 description of the community questionnaire .................................................................... 3 3. SAMPLING ........................................................................................................................... 3 4 PILOT TEST .........................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Perceptions of Famine and Food Insecurity in Rural Niger
    PERCEPTIONS OF FAMINE AND FOOD INSECURITY IN RURAL NIGER USAID WORKING PAPERS VOLUME #1 A Study of€Food Security Perceptions, TillaberiDepartnen Social Soundness Analysis: Disaster Preparedness and Mitigation Project Local Famine Chronologies Literature Review: Disaster Preparednessand Mitigation Niamey, Niger August 1992 This work has been funded through the following USAID Projects: 698-0464; 683-0261; 683-1633; and 683-0466 FORWARD In preparation for the design of a Disaster Preparedness and Mitigation Project, USAID/Niger initiated work in early 1992 to better understand rural Nigeriens' perceptions of food security. This work focused on the victim's perceptions of disaster which, in the Nigerien context, most frequently equates with drought-induced food shortages. Field work was conducted in the departments of Diffa, Tillaberi and Zinder, preceded by a literature ieview of material relevant to the Sahel and Niger from a socio-economic perspective. Field work was conducted in Diffa Department by Steve Anderson; in Tillaberi Department by Stryk Thomas; and in Zinder Department by Eva Koeninger. Ellen Taylor-Powell provided additional field work and with Sidi Iddal Mohamed A;nterviewed Tuareg residents in the Tillaberi Department. The following papers document the findings of this perception study work. They include A Study of Food Security Perception., Tillaberi Department; Social Soundness Analysis for the Disaster Preparedness and Mitigation Project; Local Famine Chronologies; and Literature Review: Disaster Preparedness and Mitigation. These selections are considered the beginning steps in an area that is little understood, yet critical to the effective implementation of early warning and response systems. Charles Kelly, Coordinator Disaster Relief Unit USAID/Niger Ellen Taylor-Powell Social Science Advisor USAID/Niger A STUDY OF FOOD SECURITY PERCEPTIONS ' Tillaberi Department Stryk Thomas March-April 1992 This study explored villagers' perceptions of food security in 11 sites in the arrondisements Tera, Filingue, and Ouallam of in Tillabei department.
    [Show full text]
  • Project: Nigeria-Niger-Benin/Togo-Burkina Faso Electric Power Interconnection Project
    AFRICAN DEVELOPMENT BANK GROUP PROJECT: NIGERIA-NIGER-BENIN/TOGO-BURKINA FASO ELECTRIC POWER INTERCONNECTION PROJECT COUNTRY: MULTINATIONAL- NIGERIA-NIGER-BENIN/TOGO-BURKINA FASO ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT SUMMARY (ESIA) Team Leader R. KITANDALA Senior Operations Officer RDGW1 4515 Alternate Team P. DJAIGBE Principal Energy Officer COSN/RDGW1 6597 Leader M. KINANE Principal Environmentalist RDGW4 2933 P. SANON Socio-Economist RDGN.4 5828 Preparation Team Members O. OUATTARA Financial Management COSN/SNFI2 6561 Team Expert M. ANASSIDE Procurement Officer COML/SNFI1 6574 Ag. Division Manager A.B. DIALLO RDGW1 1681 Sector Director Regional Director J.K. LITSE RDGW 4047 ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT SUMMARY (ESIA) Project Title : MULTINATIONAL - NIGERIA-NIGER-BENIN/TOGO- SAP Code : P-Z1- BURKINA FASO INTERCONNECTION PROJECT FA0-119 Country : Nigeria, Niger, Benin/Togo-Burkina Faso Multinational Category 1 Department : RDGW Division: RDGW-1 1. INTRODUCTION This document is the summary of the Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) of the Nigeria- Niger-Benin/Togo-Burkina Faso Interconnection Project. This summary was prepared in accordance with the AfDB’s environmental and social assessment procedures for Category 1 projects. It was prepared on the basis of the ESIA reports carried out in each of the countries concerned by the line’s route. It briefly recalls the project’s strategic, legal and administrative framework, its description and environment, other alternative solutions explored in relation to the option retained, the project’s environmental and social impacts as well as the recommended mitigation and enhancement measures, the concerns raised during public consultations in addition to a summary of the impact mitigation and enhancement measures as defined in the management plans and the implementation monitoring mechanisms.
    [Show full text]
  • Conformed Signature
    MILLENNIUM CHALLENGE COMPACT BETWEEN THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA ACTING THROUGH THE MILLENNIUM CHALLENGE CORPORATION AND THE REPUBLIC OF NIGER ACTING THROUGH THE MINISTRY IN CHARGE OF FOREIGN AFFAIRS AND COOPERATION MILLENNIUM CHALLENGE COMPACT TABLE OF CONTENTS Page ARTICLE 1. GOAL AND OBJECTIVES ....................................................................................1 Section 1.1 Compact Goal ......................................................................................................1 Section 1.2 Program Objective ...............................................................................................1 Section 1.3 Project Objectives ................................................................................................1 ARTICLE 2. FUNDING AND RESOURCES ..............................................................................2 Section 2.1 Program Funding .................................................................................................2 Section 2.2 Compact Development Funding ..........................................................................2 Section 2.3 MCC Funding ......................................................................................................3 Section 2.4 Disbursement .......................................................................................................3 Section 2.5 Interest..................................................................................................................3 Section 2.6 Government Resources; Budget
    [Show full text]
  • Data Use Guide Revision R1
    Data use guide Revision R1: 13/07/20 Data use guide - revision R1 This report is issued under Creative Commons Licence Prindex is a joint initiative of: CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 - full attribution, no commercial gain, no derivatives. © Prindex, 2020. PRINDEX c/o Overseas Development Institute Generously supported by: 203 Blackfriars Road London SE1 8NJ Email: info@prindex.net Prindex.net 2 Data use guide - revision R1 CONTENTS 1. INTRODUCTION ..................................................................................................................................................... 5 2. THE PRINDEX DATA ............................................................................................................................................... 5 3. COMPUTED (RECODED) VARIABLES ....................................................................................................................... 6 4. SAMPLING WEIGHTS AND STRATIFICATION ........................................................................................................ 18 ANNEX 1 – COUNTRY LIST ............................................................................................................................................ 19 ANNEX 2 – PRINDEX CODEBOOK .................................................................................................................................. 25 Table 1 – Coding for the location variable............................................................................................................ 7 Table 2 – Coding for the
    [Show full text]
  • REGIS-AG, Quarterly Report, FY2019 Quarter 2
    Resilience and Economic Growth in the Sahel - Accelerated Growth (REGIS-AG) QUARTERLY REPORT Quarter 2, Fiscal Year 2019: January – March 2019 This annex to joint work plans, submitted for review by the United States Agency for International Development, was prepared by CNFA under USAID Contract No. AID-625-C-14-00001, Resilience and Economic Growth in the Sahel – Accelerated Growth Project. 1 Resilience and Economic Growth in the Sahel – Accelerated Growth (REGIS-AG) Contract No. #AID-625-C-14-00001 Resilience and Economic Growth in the Sahel – Accelerated Growth Project Project Q2FY19 Report (1 January 2019 – 31 March 2019) REGIS-AG: USAID Contract No. AID-625-C-14-00001 Implemented by CNFA Submitted to: Patrick Smith COR USAID/Senegal 16 May 2019 DISCLAIMER The authors’ views expressed in this publication do not necessarily reflect the views of the U.S. Agency for International Development or the United States Government. TABLE OF CONTENTS ACRONYMS ....................................................................................................................................................... v EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ................................................................................................................................... vii PART 1 - PROGRAM DESCRIPTION ................................................................................................................ 1 1.1. REGIS-AG and the RISE initiative ............................................................................................................
    [Show full text]