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Strategic Spatial Options for Testing – Methodology

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Strategic Spatial Options for Testing – Methodology Greater Cambridge Local Plan Strategic Spatial Options for Testing – Methodology November 2020 Contents 0 Non-technical Summary ...................................................................................... 1 0.1 Purpose ......................................................................................................... 1 0.2 Identifying the reasonable alternatives .......................................................... 1 0.3 Description of strategic spatial options and options numbers for testing ....... 2 0.4 Compiling the strategic spatial options .......................................................... 4 1 Introduction ......................................................................................................... 7 1.1. Purpose ......................................................................................................... 7 1.2. What do we have to do? ............................................................................... 8 1.3. Identifying the reasonable alternatives ........................................................ 11 1.4. Identifying the reasonable spatial strategy options ...................................... 16 2 Strategic Spatial Options for testing .................................................................. 20 2.1. Description of the strategic options ............................................................. 20 2.2. Strategic spatial options numbers for testing .............................................. 30 3 Strategic options methodology .......................................................................... 46 3.1. Overarching principles ................................................................................ 46 3.2. Spatial principles ......................................................................................... 46 3.3. Opportunities and constraints ...................................................................... 52 3.4. Outline approach ......................................................................................... 57 3.5. Compiling the strategic options for testing .................................................. 78 3.6. Strategic options – principles governing distribution ................................... 80 List of appendices (included in separate documents) Appendix 1: Spatial principles informing identification of and assumptions within strategic spatial options (page 93) Appendix 2: Identifying the full range of reasonable spatial options (page 150) Appendix 3: Strategic growth proposals included in neighbouring Local Plans (page 282) Appendix 4: Sustainable Settlement Sizes Review (page 288) Appendix 5: Establishing the Baseline (page 354) Appendix 6: Delivery assumptions for housing (page 369) Appendix 7: Identifying the number and location of jobs for modelling purposes (page 379) Appendix 8: Baseline, opportunities and constraints mapping (page 394) 0 Non-technical Summary 0.1 Purpose This document sets out the strategic (non-site specific) spatial options to be tested through the Greater Cambridge Local Plan process, and the methodology used to identify them. The spatial options include different distributions of jobs and homes to meet different potential growth requirements. The document is intended to demonstrate that a robust and transparent process has been followed for identifying and testing strategic spatial options, following the requirements of relevant legislation and national policy, as well as local objectives. Once identified, the strategic options will be tested in terms of transport, climate change and other impacts and be subject to sustainability appraisal. This testing will then inform the selection of a preferred option for the Local Plan. For further detail please see 1. Introduction. 0.2 Identifying the reasonable alternatives Growth level options Consideration of national policy requirements and relevant economic and demographic evidence has resulted in the determination of three growth scenarios for the plan period 2020-41 which are consistent for jobs and homes, as set out in the table below. Table 1: Growth options, 2020-41 (rounded up to the nearest hundred) Growth scenario Employment (jobs) Housing (dwellings) Minimum 45,800 36,700 Medium 58,500 42,000 Maximum 79,500 57,000 Note: a typographical error was identified in the Employment Land Review during the period of testing the strategic options, such that the final ‘higher’ employment growth forecast (used in the growth options as the maximum) is for 78,800 jobs which 1 generates an associated growth of 56,500 homes. The differences between the figures included in the table above for testing and these revised figures are not considered to be significant in the context of this strategic testing stage. For further detail see 1.3. Identifying the reasonable alternatives. Strategic spatial options A full assessment of potential strategic spatial options was undertaken. Drawing on this assessment, the following options are being taken forward for testing as strategic spatial options: 1 Densification of existing urban areas 2 Edge of Cambridge - outside the Green Belt 3 Edge of Cambridge - Green Belt 4 Dispersal - new settlements 5 Dispersal - villages 6 Public transport corridors 7 Supporting a high-tech corridor by integrating homes and jobs 8 Expanding a growth area around transport nodes For further detail see 1.4 Identifying the reasonable spatial strategy options, and Appendix 3: Identifying the full range of reasonable spatial options. 0.3 Description of strategic spatial options and options numbers for testing This section describes, for each strategic spatial option and growth scenario, the distribution of growth between the sources of supply described in 3. Strategic options methodology. Broad descriptions of the strategic spatial options are set out below: 2 Spatial Scenario 1: Focus on Densification of existing urban areas This approach would focus new homes and jobs within Cambridge, because it is the main urban area and centre for services and facilities. The primary location for development within the urban area is at North East Cambridge: this is the last major brownfield site within Cambridge urban area and is being taken forward separately via an Area Action Plan. Spatial Scenario 2: Focus on Edge of Cambridge: outside Green Belt This approach would create new homes and jobs in extensions on the edge of Cambridge, using land not in the green belt. The only large site on the edge of Cambridge not in the Green Belt is Cambridge Airport. Spatial Scenario 3: Focus on Edge of Cambridge: Green Belt This approach would create new homes and jobs in extensions on the edge of Cambridge, involving release of land from the Green Belt. Spatial Scenario 4: Focus on New Settlements New settlements would establish a whole new town or village, providing homes, jobs and supporting infrastructure in a new location, and would need to be supported by strategic transport infrastructure connecting to Cambridge. Spatial Scenario 5: Focus on Dispersal: Villages This approach would spread new homes and jobs out to the villages. Spatial Scenario 6: Focus on Public transport corridors This approach would focus homes and jobs along key public transport corridors and around transport hubs, extending out from Cambridge. This could be by expanding or intensifying existing settlements, or with more new settlements. Spatial Scenario 7: Supporting a high-tech corridor by integrating homes and jobs (southern cluster) This approach would focus new homes close to existing and committed jobs within the life sciences cluster area around the south of Cambridge, including homes at existing villages and at new settlements. 3 Spatial Scenario 8: Expanding a growth area around transport nodes This approach would focus new homes at Cambourne and along the A428 public transport corridor, on the basis that Cambourne is due to be served by a new East West Rail station and that Cambourne and the villages along the corridor are due to be served by the Cambridgeshire Autonomous Metro. For further detail see 2.1 Description of the strategic options. The 2.2 Strategic spatial options numbers for testing section sets out in table form the distribution of the balance to find that corresponds with 2.1 Description of the strategic options. For the Minimum and Medium growth levels historic delivery rates were used, and for the Maximum growth level higher delivery rates were used (see Key point to note). 0.4 Compiling the strategic spatial options This report sets out in full the approach taken to identifying strategic spatial options (i.e. the non-site-specific distribution of growth) for each reasonable option identified above, including: • Identifying the minimum, medium and maximum growth balance to find through new allocations (note that a 10% buffer is applied to the housing growth levels identified above); and • for each reasonable alternative, distributing growth between a range of broad areas of supply. To inform the approach taken to distributing growth, a number of factors are taken into account, including: • Overarching principles – derived from legislation and national policy relevant to testing of options • Spatial principles – derived from national policy • Opportunities and constraints - including factors such as existing and proposed transport infrastructure, assumed delivery rates, and environmental constraints 4 • Outline approach – setting out the approach to determining the balance to find in relation to growth levels, and key assumptions
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