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Watervliet Arsenal Diagnostic Tools for Performance Evaluation of Innovative In- Situ Remediation Technologies at Chlorinated Solvent-Contaminated Sites

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Watervliet Arsenal Diagnostic Tools for Performance Evaluation of Innovative In- Situ Remediation Technologies at Chlorinated Solvent-Contaminated Sites Final Report-Watervliet Arsenal Diagnostic Tools for Performance Evaluation of Innovative In- Situ Remediation Technologies at Chlorinated Solvent-Contaminated Sites ESTCP Project ER-200318 July 2011 Michael Kavanaugh Rula Deeb Daria Navon Malcolm Pirnie, Inc. Form Approved REPORT DOCUMENTATION PAGE OMB No. 0704-0188 The public reporting burden for this collection of information is estimated to average 1 hour per response, including the time for reviewing instructions, searching existing data sources, gathering and maintaining the data needed, and completing and reviewing the collection of information. Send comments regarding this burden estimate or any other aspect of this collection of information, including suggestions for reducing the burden, to the Department of Defense, Executive Services and Communications Directorate (0704-0188). Respondents should be aware that notwithstanding any other provision of law, no person shall be subject to any penalty for failing to comply with a collection of information if it does not display a currently valid OMB control number. PLEASE DO NOT RETURN YOUR FORM TO THE ABOVE ORGANIZATION. 1. REPORT DATE (DD-MM-YYYY) 2. REPORT TYPE 3. DATES COVERED (From - To) 4. TITLE AND SUBTITLE 5a. CONTRACT NUMBER 5b. GRANT NUMBER 5c. PROGRAM ELEMENT NUMBER 6. AUTHOR(S) 5d. PROJECT NUMBER 5e. TASK NUMBER 5f. WORK UNIT NUMBER 7. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME(S) AND ADDRESS(ES) 8. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT NUMBER 9. SPONSORING/MONITORING AGENCY NAME(S) AND ADDRESS(ES) 10. SPONSOR/MONITOR'S ACRONYM(S) 11. SPONSOR/MONITOR'S REPORT NUMBER(S) 12. DISTRIBUTION/AVAILABILITY STATEMENT 13. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES 14. ABSTRACT 15. SUBJECT TERMS 16. SECURITY CLASSIFICATION OF: 17. LIMITATION OF 18. NUMBER 19a. NAME OF RESPONSIBLE PERSON a. REPORT b. ABSTRACT c. THIS PAGE ABSTRACT OF PAGES 19b. TELEPHONE NUMBER (Include area code) Standard Form 298 (Rev. 8/98) Prescribed by ANSI Std. Z39.18 TABLE OF CONTENTS ACRONYMS ............................................................................................................................. VII ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS .................................................................................................... VIII EXECUTIVE SUMMARY .......................................................................................................... 1 1.0 INTRODUCTION.......................................................................................................... 1-1 1.1 BACKGROUND ............................................................................................................... 1-4 1.2 OBJECTIVES OF THE ESTCP DEMONSTRATION PROJECT .............................................. 1-5 1.3 TEST SITE DESCRIPTION................................................................................................ 1-6 1.3.1 Test Site Geology ..................................................................................................... 1-7 1.3.2 Test Site Hydrogeology ........................................................................................... 1-7 1.3.3 Site Conceptual Model ............................................................................................. 1-9 1.4 REGULATORY DRIVERS ............................................................................................... 1-11 1.5 STAKEHOLDER/END-USER ISSUES .............................................................................. 1-11 2.0 TECHNOLOGY DESCRIPTION ................................................................................ 2-1 2.1 TECHNOLOGY DEVELOPMENT AND APPLICATION ......................................................... 2-1 2.1.1 Multi-Level Monitoring Systems (MLS) ................................................................. 2-2 2.1.1.1 Westbay System ................................................................................................ 2-3 2.1.1.2 CMT® System ................................................................................................... 2-5 2.1.1.3 Water FLUTe™ system .................................................................................... 2-7 2.1.1.4 ZIST™ system .................................................................................................. 2-9 2.1.1.5 Waterloo System............................................................................................. 2-10 2.1.2 Rock Matrix Analysis ............................................................................................ 2-11 2.1.3 Isotopic Analysis .................................................................................................... 2-13 2.1.4 Mass Flux Analysis ................................................................................................ 2-14 2.1.5 Rock Oxidant Demand Tests and Permanganate Invasion Study .......................... 2-15 2.1.6 Numerical Modeling .............................................................................................. 2-15 2.2 PREVIOUS TESTING OF THE TECHNOLOGIES ................................................................ 2-15 2.2.1 Multi-Level Monitoring Systems (MLSs) ............................................................. 2-16 2.2.2 Rock Matrix Analysis ............................................................................................ 2-16 2.2.3 Isotopic Analysis .................................................................................................... 2-18 2.2.4 Mass Flux Analysis ................................................................................................ 2-20 2.3 FACTORS AFFECTING COST AND PERFORMANCE ........................................................ 2-20 2.4 ADVANTAGES AND LIMITATIONS OF THE TECHNOLOGY ............................................. 2-22 3.0 DEMONSTRATION DESIGN ..................................................................................... 3-1 3.1 PERFORMANCE OBJECTIVES .......................................................................................... 3-1 3.2 SELECTED TEST SITE .................................................................................................... 3-3 3.3 PRE-DEMONSTRATION TESTING AND ANALYSIS ........................................................... 3-3 3.4 TESTING AND EVALUATION PLAN ................................................................................. 3-3 3.4.1 Demonstration Installation and Start-Up ................................................................. 3-3 ii 3.4.1.1 Multi-Level Monitoring Diagnostic Tools ....................................................... 3-3 3.4.1.2 Rock Matrix Analyses ...................................................................................... 3-9 3.4.1.3 Mass Flux Analyses........................................................................................ 3-10 3.4.1.4 Rock Oxidant Demand Tests and Permanganate Diffusion Studies .............. 3-13 3.4.2 Period of Operation ................................................................................................ 3-15 3.4.3 Residuals Handling ................................................................................................ 3-15 3.4.4 Operating Parameters for the Technology ............................................................. 3-15 3.4.5 Sampling Plan ........................................................................................................ 3-15 3.4.6 Demobilization ....................................................................................................... 3-18 3.4.7 Health and Safety Plan ........................................................................................... 3-18 3.5 SELECTION OF ANALYTICAL/TESTING METHODS........................................................ 3-18 3.6 SELECTION OF ANALYTICAL/TESTING LABORATORY ................................................. 3-18 4.0 PERFORMANCE ASSESSMENT .............................................................................. 4-1 4.1 PERFORMANCE CRITERIA .............................................................................................. 4-1 4.2 PERFORMANCE CONFIRMATION METHODS ................................................................... 4-2 4.3 DATA ANALYSIS, INTERPRETATION AND EVALUATION ................................................. 4-5 4.3.1 Multi-Level Monitoring Systems (MLSs) and Nested Wells .................................. 4-5 4.3.1.1 Borehole Diameter ........................................................................................... 4-8 4.3.1.2 Maximum Depth ............................................................................................... 4-8 4.3.1.3 Multiple Uses ................................................................................................... 4-9 4.3.1.4 Removability .................................................................................................... 4-9 4.3.1.5 Ease of Installation .......................................................................................... 4-9 4.3.1.6 Nature of Seal between Monitoring Intervals ................................................ 4-10 4.3.1.7 System Storage Volume .................................................................................. 4-10 4.3.1.8 Maximum Purge/Pumping Rate ..................................................................... 4-11 4.3.1.9 Potential for Sample Bias .............................................................................. 4-11 4.3.1.10 Ease of Operation .....................................................................................
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