CONTENTS inadoSak kI irpaoT-
Director’s Report Supra Institutional Projects: Science for development of a forecasting system for waters around India Understanding the Coastal Upwelling : A system biology approach to delineate web dynamics from primary to tertiary level ...... 1 Ecobiogeography of the estuarine and coastal waters of the southwest coast of India ...... 5 Impact on the coastal zone due to natural and anthropogenic pressures ...... 11 Observations of sea level and surface meteorological data from coastal locations...... 13 Engineering analysis of coastal processes for marine structures and technology development towards marine activities ...... 14 Role of the Equatorial Indian Ocean processes on the Climate Variability (EIO-CLIVAR) ...... 15 Observing and modelling the interaction between Indian Ocean, atmosphere and coastal seas (OMICS)...... 17 Physical and biogeochemical dynamics of estuarine and coastal ecosystems along the east coast of India ...... 23 Network Project Atmospheric carbon dioxide sequestration through fertilization of a high-nutrients-low chlorophyll (HNLC) oceanic region with iron in combination with Biogeochemical and ecosystem responses to global climate change and anthropogenic perturbations, and transfers across interfaces in the north Indian Ocean ...... 25 Biotechnology Projects Bioprospecting and biotechnology of marine microorganisms ...... 30 Habitat ecology, controlled reproduction and conservation of marine organisms with food and medicinal values ...... 35 Evaluation, mechanism and control of biofilm and biofouling ...... 37 Bioactive molecules from marine environment ...... 39 Genesis, Evaluation and Tectonic Framework of Marine Mineral and Energy Resources (GETMER) Projects Environmental impact analyses of mining of marine minerals...... 42 Genesis and occurrence of deep sea mineral deposits (Polymetallic Nodules)...... 44 Integrated studies to understand the behaviour of the geobiological environs in deciphering gas hydrate occurrence along the Indian continental margins ...... 47 Deciphering deep crustal structure, tectonic processes and evolution of the Indian continental margins and adjoining ocean basins...... 50 Biominerals from the continental margins and conditions for their formation ...... 53 Seamount ferromanganese crusts in northern Indian Ocean: Genesis, paleoceanography, and resource potential ...... 56 Other Projects Application of geological and geophysical methods in marine archaeology and underwater explorations...... 57 Marine pollution assessment and ecotoxicology...... 58 Paleoceanography of the northern Indian Ocean - An interdisciplinary approach...... 61 Autonomous vehicles and instrumentation for oceanography ...... 64 Marine environmental studies for sustainable developments in the coastal zone of India...... 65 Structure, tectonics and morphology of ECMI and Bengal Fan ...... 68 Tectonic controls and hydrothermal processes along the slow spreading mid-ocean ridges and the Andaman trench-backarc system, Indian Ocean...... 70 Applications of marine geo-scientific methods to study seabed and sub-seabed geological features of near shore region of India ...... 72 External Projects...... 74 Research Cruises ...... 81 Deputations ...... 84 Events ...... 89 Collaborations ...... 93 Awards ...... 93 Patents & Publications ...... 95 Finances & Human Resource ...... 104 Research Council ...... 107 inadoSak kI irpaoT- yah vaai-Ya-k irpao-T vaYa- 2009-10 kao sammailat krta hO,, ijasamaoM enaAa[-Aao ka svayaM ka AnausaMQaana paot Aar.vaI isanQau saMklp (ica~ maoM doKoM), samaud` ko kayaao-MMM maoM prIxaNa pirBa`maNa ko ilae saMsqaana sao jauD,a. 56.5 maITr laMbao [sa paot maoM kaocaIna iSapyaaD- ilaimaToD, kaoicca maoM vyaapk saMSaaoQana ike gae, taik [sao bahu-ivaYayak samaud` iva&ana AnausaMQaana ko ilae ]pyau> banaayaa jaa sako.paot ka saMsqaana maoM Saaimala haonaa saMsqaana ko bauinayaaid ZaMcao ko ivakasa maoM doSa maoM samaud` iva&ana maoM ]nnat maanava saMsaaQana kI hala hI maoM saMsqaana Wara saava-jainak AaOr inajaI ]VaogaaoM mah%vapUNa- maIla ko p%qar ka saUcak hO.[sa trh kI AavaSyakta hO.iWtIyat: eosao maoM jaba saIesaAa[- ko ilae ide jaanao vaalaI saovaaAaoM maoM BaI vaRiw hu[- GaTnaa saMsqaana ko [ithasa maoM kovala dao baar GaiTt hu[- Aar ApnaI vaO&ainak evaM AiBanava AnausaMQaana hO.hala hI ko vaYaao-M maoM [na saovaaAaoM sao saMsqaana kao p`aPt hO.1977 maoM jaba 60 maITr laMbaa Aar vaI gavaoYaNaI AkadmaI ko maaQyama sao p`gat iSaxaa ko xao~ maoM ek . haonao vaalaI Aaya 5 saala phlao kI Aaya sao lagaBaga 3 1992 maoM saovaamau@t Saaimala huAa AaOr 2001 maoM vaRh The year covered in this annual report, 2009-10, saw NIO's own research vessel, RV Sindhu Sankalp (see photograph), join the institute to begin trial cruises for operations at sea. The 56.5 m long vessel underwent extensive modification at the Cochin Shipyard Ltd., Kochi, to make her suitable for multidisciplinary oceanographic research. The joining of the vessel marks a major milestone in infrastructure development at the institute. significantly lately. Earnings of the Resource Development schemes. This is a Such an event has occurred only twice institute from the services during the last welcome development from two points of before in the history of the institute: in couple of years are almost three times view. First, the country needs advanced 1977 when 60 m long RV Gaveshani higher than what they were five years ago manpower in ocean sciences to cater to an (decommissioned in 1992) joined; and, in (see figure). A robust economic growth of enlarging ocean science related 2001 when 23 m CRV Sagar Sukti started the country is expected to bring more infrastructure. Second, with CSIR poised serving the institute. NIO's 80 m new requests for our services in the years to to take up larger role in advanced research vessel RV Sindhu Sadhana is come and we expect the earnings to education through its Academy of scheduled to join the institute in 2011-12. increase further in the years ahead. This Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR) this is the right time for the During the year another milestone in year's major projects for such services institute to play a significant role in ocean infrastructure development was completion include environmental data collection in science education, the institute being the of a new wing (Biology Extension) of the the Krishna-Godavari basin off the east largest and oldest institution dedicated to main building of the institute on its main coast of India for the Oil and Natural Gas ocean sciences in the country. campus at Goa. The new building was Corporation (ONGC) and environment inaugurated on 15 February, 2010, by Shri impact assessment for the Sethusamudram During the last few years NIO has been Prithviraj Chavan, Hon'ble Ministeror Ship Canal Corporation in the Gulf of striving to make its research output Science & Technology and Earth Sciences, Mannar and Palk Bay region. (publications, reports, etc.) easily Government of India, and Vice-President One of the factors that have helped in accessible globally. One such effort has of CSIR. The new building has facilities to achieving increase in productivity both in been setting up of an open access support oceanographic research, including research and in services is infusion of repository (http://drs.nio.org). It is sediment analysis, isotope studies, and young blood on the four campuses of the heartening to note that the repository is microbial ecology. The building also has institute in the form of research students now listed in the top 400 of World's Open cold rooms to preserve sediment cores and (Junior/Senior Research Fellows) pursuing Access Repositories. Only 7 Indian clean rooms for multidisciplinary research. their doctoral studies and Project repositories appear in this list. Our website (http://nio.org) too is popular, and Our research publications continue to Assistants, fresh graduates who can spend normally appears in the top five most grow, reflecting increase in both quantity at the most five years in the institute. popular websites dedicated to ocean and quality of research carried out in the Their number of the two together has sciences world over. institute. For lack of a better alternative, grown from about 150 five years ago to one indicator that has been used to close to 400 now (total permanent staff of We sincerely hope you will enjoy learning quantify growth in publications is annual the institute is about 500). Some of the from this report more about our activities total Impact Factor, i.e. sum of Impact Project Assistants choose to become during the year 2009-10. Factors of all publications in Science research students using CSIR Human Citation Index journals during a year. This has shown significant growth in recent years, including this year (see figure). Services offered by the institute to public and private industries have also increased NIO's Research Projects during 11th Five Year Plan (2007-2012) NIO's Research Projects during 11th Five Year Plan (2007-2012) Supra Institutional Project CSIR Network Other Laboratory Projects (OLP) (SIP13) Projects Science for development of a forecasting system for the water around India Biology & GETMER Others Biotechnology SIP1301-Understanding NWP0014-NWP0 Atmospheric OLP0006OLP00 - Environmental OLP0003OLP00 - Indian climate coastal upwelling- A cacarbonrbon dioxide impactimpact analyses of andand phytoplanktonph System biology approach ssequestrationeques through miningmining of marine variability.variabi to delineate web-dynamics fertilization of a high- minerals.i from primary to tertiary nutrients-low chlorophyll OLP0008OLP00 - Application of level. (HNLC) oceanic region OLP0011OLP00 - Genesis and geologicalgeolog and geophysical with iron. occurrenceoccurr of deep sea methodsmethod in marine SIP1302 -Eco- mineralminera deposits archaeologyh and in combination with biogeography of the (Polymetallic(P( ly Nodules). underwater explorations. estuarine and coastal OLP0016- waters of the southwest Biogeochemical and OLP0012OLP00 -Integrated OLP0009OLP00 - Marine pollution coast of India. ecosystem responses to studiesstudies to understand the assessmentassess and global climate change behaviourbehav of the ecotoxicology.ecotox SIP1303- Impact on the and anthropogenic geobiologicalbi environs in coastal zone due to natural perturbations, and deciphering gas hydrate OLP0010OLP00 - and anthropogenic transfers across occurrence along the PaleoceanographyPaleoc of the pressures. interfaces in the north Indian continental northernnorthe Indian Ocean - an margins.g interdisciplinaryit di approach. SIP1304-Observations of Indian Ocean. sea level and surface CCMM0008MM0 - Acquisition of OLP0018OLP00 -Deciphering OLP0013OLP00 - Autonomous meteorological data from ooceanographiccean research deepdeep crustalc structure, vehiclesvehicle and coastal locations. vvesselesse (ORV) for tectonictecton processes and instrumentationinstrum for evolutionl i of the Indian oceanography. SIP1305-Engineering oceanographic research. continental margins and analysis of coastal adjoiningj ocean basins. OLP0014OLP00 - Marine processes for marine environmentalenviron studies for structures and technology OLP0019OLP00 -Biominerals sustainablesustain developments development towards fromfrom theth continental ini theth coastal zone of marine activities. OLP0001OLP00 -Bioprospecting marginsmargin and conditions India. SIP1306-Role of the and biotechnologybi of forf theirh formation. OLP0015OLP00 - Structure, equatorial Indian Ocean marinemarine microorganisms. OLP0020OLP00 -Seamount tectonicstectoni and morphology processes on the climate ferromanganeseferrom crusts in ofof ECMIECM and Bengal Fan. variability (EIO-CLIVAR). OLP0002OLP00 -Habitat northernnorthe Indian Ocean: ecology,ecolog controlled OLP0021OLP00 -Tectonic controls SIP1307- Observing and Genesis,G reproductionreprod and andand hydrothermalhy modelling the interaction paleoceanography, and conservation of marine processesproces along the slow between Indian Ocean, resource potential. organisms with food and spreadingd mid-ocean atmosphere and coastal medicinal values. ridges and the Andaman seas (OMICS). trench-back arc system, OLP0004-OLP00 Evaluation, SIP1308-Physical and Indian Ocean. mechanismmecha and control biogeochemical dynamics of biofilmbiof and biofouling. OLP0022OLP00 - Applications of of estuarine and coastal marinemarine geo-scientific ecosystems along the east methodsmetho to study seabed OLP0005OLP00 -Bioactive coast of India. & sub-seabedsub- geological metabolitesmetab from marine features of near shore environment.enviro region of India Understanding the coastal upwelling : A system biology approach to delineate web-dynamics from primary to tertiary level Benthic -pelagic coupling is reflected in work carried out at Chorao and in Antarctic Polynia. Studies on oil spill along our coast during the critical stages of the life cycle of organisms, therefore stress on the maintenance of biodiversity. New reports/species include Suctorian epibionts Thecacineta calix from Andaman Sea , Limnoricusponticus Dovgal, from Indian Ocean, and F. arabica sp. nov., from Indian coast. Sixty nine macroinvertebrates have been encountered in the benthic Polynia. Microbes link these organisms either as a source of food or in interactions with the Achuthankutty, S. environment. Measurements of nitrate reducing activity by bacteria in the Mandovi Gauns, M.U. Estuary suggest the dominant role of limnotolerant bacteria. The bacterial contribution for bringing about discernible variability in DMSP, a precursor of DMS Ingole, B.S. an anti-green house gas has also highlighted. Studies on Thraustochytrids, the Loka Bharathi, P.A. single-celled, marine stramenopilan protists, showed that their distribution was patchy and less frequent in the equatorial Indian Ocean but their average biomass Mamatha, S.S. could sometimes be higher than bacteria. Abundance and production Macrofaunal community of particle-associated depended on the quantity and quality of the particles. The average structure in the western bacteria and their role in a Indian continental margin mangrove-dominated annual PAB production was 214 g -2 -1 including the oxygen estuary C m d and contributed to an average of 35% of the total minimum zone DeSouza, M.J.B.D.; Nair, S.; Ingole, B.S.; Sautya, S.; Sivadas, S.; Singh, LokaBharathi, P.A.; Chandramohan, D. bacterial production. Primary productivity (PP) was 137, 14, and R.; Nanajkar, M. μ -2 -1 A 1 yr study was carried out in the 163 g Cm d for the pre-monsoon, Patterns of macrofaunal distribution mangrove-dominated, tropical SW monsoon, and post-monsoon were studied along the western Mandovi estuary (Goa, India) to periods, respectively. The Indian continental margin to assess the contribution of particle- calculated maximum bacterial distinguish the role of habitat associated bacteria (PAB) to the carbon demand (BCD) of PAB was heterogeneity in generating and system's variability in terms of 37% of the total BCD. On an maintaining community structure. abundance and productivity. The annual basis, <1% of PP A transect perpendicular to the suspended load, was composed of contributed to PAB-BCD. It is coast at 14ºN latitude was selected inorganic mineral grains and suggested that the rest of the BCD for seabed sampling. Eight stations allochthonous materials including was met from mangrove litter and were sampled in the depth range mangrove litter, was high during other allochthonous sources. 34-2546 m and characterized with the southwest (SW) monsoon Principal component analysis respect to macrofaunal composition, season. The ratio of showed that biotic parameters abundance, biomass, diversity and organic:inorganic content of these were predictors for ~50% of the feeding type. The sediments in the particles was low during the pre- variability and had a marked shelf region (34, 48, 100 m) and and post-monsoon seasons. PAB seasonality linked to salinity. The 10 upper slope (525 m) were abundance ranged from 0.01 x 10 allochthonous sources contributed 10 -2 characterized by silty and sandy to 22.8 x 10 m and accounted for significantly to the structure of the facies, whereas the mid slope (1001 4 to 94% of the total bacterial biological community of this m), lower slope (1524 m) and basin abundance. The variation in PAB mangrove-dominated estuary. (2001, 2546 m) consisted of clayey abundance was due to their silts. The highest value of sediment preferential colonization, which chlorophyll-a (Chl-a) and total organic carbon (Corg ) were recorded (a)(a( ) (b)(b( ) from the mid slope areas. Faunal abundance and biomass increased from the shallow to deeper depths in the shelf region, and decreased in the slope region (525-1001 m) due to the reduced bottom-water oxygen. The community parameters showed an overall increase in both the lower slope and basin areas. A total of 81 macro-invertebrate species Monthly variation in primary productivity and Annual variation in the total bacterial (TBA) chl a and particle-associated bacterial (PABA) belonging to five major groups abundance in the Mandovi estuary represented the macrofauna of the 1 biotechnological research, which is expanding day-by-day. A gross review of the same is presented here dealing with their occurrence, chemistry, applications, phylogenic analysis and the Indian perspective. These proteins are present in a wide variety of marine organisms, from corals to jellyfish. Chromophore in these proteins is composed of three amino acid residues, Ser65–Try66–Gly67, and requires molecular oxygen for its maturation. Its applications include use in in vivo imaging as well as in plant biology. Thus, the protein has Macrofaunal abundance (ind-m-2 ) along depth become one of the most important tools used in contemporary biosciences. Though the very first area. Polychaeta was the major compared to the east coast. Very few protein identified was from the group at all depths. Among studies have compared the jellyfish Aequorea victoria in the polychaete families, species of the macrobenthic community between 1960s, the list is ever-expanding with Spionidae, particularly Prionospio different Indian harbours. This study not only the fluorescent but also the pinnata, predominated at the was conducted in three important non-fluorescent proteins being oxygen minimum zone (OMZ) core harbour (Ratnagiri, Goa, Karwar) connected to the same superfamily. and Cossuridae dominated in the along the central west coast of India. Hence, they also offer help in the lower part of the OMZ in sediments The health status of the three phylogenetic analysis of different of the mid slope region (1001 m harbours diagnosed using various organisms, to know which period of depth). Species diversity was higher biotic indices are studied. Sediment evolution has diverted a particular in the basin than in the slope samples were collected using van 2 species. As GFP-like proteins have region. Fluctuations in diversity Veen grab (0.11 m ) on board CRV numerous applications under their appear to be partly due to the Sagar Sukti. A total of 55 spectrum, they can be aptly called as bottom-water dissolved oxygen (DO) macrobenthic taxa were identified 'multi-purpose proteins'. gradient which includes values that and were numerically dominated by are below the oxygen tolerance of polychaete. Biomass was high (0.14 - -2 Organic carbon and iron many benthic species. Further, 145.7 g m and was made largely by Margalef's index (d) and echiurans (>80 %). Overall, modulate nitrification rates Shannon–Wiener index (H`) showed polychaete dominated the in mangrove swamps of Goa, a significant negative (P < 0.01) macrobenthic diversity. south west coast of India relationship between sediment Opportunistic P.pinnata, Notomastus Krishnan, K.P.; LokaBharathi, P.A. Chl-a and C , suggesting food org sp. and Mediomastus sp., dominated Nitrification, fuelled by ammonium is availability as a critical factor in the macrobenthic community the pivotal oxidative pathway to species dominance. Results of responding to the increased in the nitrogen cycling. In spite of its multivariate analyses suggest that harbour. Biotic indices ecological significance, the factors for continental margin fauna, (Polychaete:Amphipod ratio, ABC regulating nitrification rates in the different physiographic provinces curve and geometric class benthic realm remain poorly and an oxygen gradient have a abundance) and the dominance of understood. This study examines higher influence on the species opportunistic species indicate that, some of the factors like ammonium, composition and diversity than the three harbours are under stress nitrite, nitrate, organic carbon, iron other oceanographic conditions. from anthropogenic activities. and manganese on down-core variability in benthic nitrification A comparative study of Evolving trends in rates in two different mangrove macrobenthic community biosciences: Multi-purpose ecosystems, one under the influence from harbours along the proteins - GFP and GFP-like of ferromanganese ore mining central west coast of India proteins (experiment) and the other relatively Ingole, B.S.; Sivadas, S.; Nanajkar, M.; Krishna, K.; Ingole, B.S. undisturbed (control). It is Sautya, S.; Nag, A. hypothesized that besides organic The sea is considered as holding a Harbours are heavily stressed coastal carbon, iron could also influence the clue to many known and unknown habitats characterised by high rate of nitrification. The study also biologically active compounds. A concentration of contaminant and contrasts the distributive pattern of family of protein named Green low diversity of benthic community. autotrophic and heterotrophic Fluorescent Proteins (GFP)-like The west coast of India harbours nitrifiers in the two regions. The proteins, initially isolated from most of the major harbours concentration of iron at the control marine organisms, started a trend in 2 site ranged from 1.1% to 15.1% while rate of in situ manganese oxidation at the experimental site it ranged ranged from 0.04 to 3.96 ppb day-1 . from 2.9% to 46%. The levels of These lakes harbor numerous organic carbon at control and manganese-oxidizing bacteria (105 to experimental sites ranged from 106-1 CFU l ), predominantly 0.02% to 6.9% and 0.1% to 6.5%, belonging to genera Shewanella, respectively. The nitrification rates at Pseudomonas and an unclassified the control and experimental sites are genus in the family comparable and ranged from 3.2 ±1.2 Oxalobacteriaceae. Experiments were to 18.4 ±1.9 ng at-N g(sediment)-1 h -1 conducted with representatives of and 2.7 ±1.5 to 18.2 ±0.6 ng at-N predominant genera to understand g(sediment)-1 h -1 , respectively. While their contribution to Mn cycling and the abundance of heterotrophic also to assess their metabolic nitrifiers at both the sites ranged capabilities in the presence of this from 102-3 cells g -1 sediment, the metal. In general, the total and autotrophic nitrifiers at the respiring cell counts were stimulated experimental site was higher by an to a maximum when the growth order at ~ 103-1 cells g sediment medium was amended with 10 mM reflecting the relatively higher manganese. The addition of refractile nature of organic carbon at manganese promoted the use of D- the experimental site (Straus and mannitol, maltose, etc., but inhibited Lamberti, 2000). Though organic the use of maltotriose, L-serine and carbon and nitrification rates are glycyl L-glutamic acid. The bacterial similar in both the sites, the isolates were able to catalyze both the underlying mechanisms governing redox reactions in manganese the processes could be different. The Geometric class abundance for Ratnagiri (a), cycling. In vitro manganese oxidation Goa (b) and Karwar (c) studies suggest that at the control rates ranged from 3 to 147 ppb day-1 , site, heterotrophic nitrifiers govern lowest (23 species) at Ratnagiri while manganese reduction rates nitrification rates (r = 0.28, p < 0.05, harbour. The presence of dominant ranged from 35 to 213 ppb day-1 . It n = 64) using organic carbon (r = species like Vasostoma sp. (41%), was also observed that the maximum 0.32, p < 0.01, n = 64). At the Sabatieria sp. 1 (23%) and Sabatieria stimulation of manganese oxidation experimental site, nitrification was sp. 2 (20%) designate these harbours occurred in the presence of cobalt (81 governed more by autotrophic as altered benthic habitats under ±57 ppb day-1 ), rather than iron (37 nitrifiers (r = 0.43, p < 0.001, n = 64) stress. The diversity indices ±16 ppb day-1 ) and nickel (40 ±47 at the expense of iron (r = 0.47, p < demonstrate Ratnagiri harbour as ppb day-1 ). Our studies suggest that 0.001, n = 64). Therefore at the the most stressed and Karwar being cobalt could have a more profound experimental site with higher load of the least stressed comparatively. role in manganese oxidation, while iron, autotrophic nitrification could Intense anthropogenic activities, nickel promoted manganese be more important. It is therefore input of many pollutants such as reduction in polar aquatic systems. inferred that both the quality of heavy metals, pesticides, petroleum organic carbon and quantity of iron Comparison of tropical derivatives, TBT's and dredging govern nitrification rates in these activity in the harbours can be held nematode communities from mangrove swamps. responsible for the altered nematode three harbours, west coast community. Microbially mediated redox of India transformations of Nanajkar, M.; Ingole, B.S. The contribution of deep-sea manganese (II) along with The three major harbours from the macrohabitat heterogeneity some other trace elements: a central west coast of India were to global nematode diversity study from Antarctic lakes investigated for their benthic Vanreusel, A.; Fonseca, G.; Danovaro, R.; Krishnan, K.P.; Sinha, R.K.; Krishna, K.; environmental status using DaSilva, M.C.; Esteves, A.M.; Ferrero, T.; Nair, S.; Singh, S.M. nematodes as surrogate community. Gad, G.; Galtsova, V.; Gambi, C.; Genevois, V.F.; Ingels, J.; Ingole, B.S.; Lampadariou, The significance of freshwater As these three harbours have shown N.; Merckx, B.; Miljutina, M.; Muthumbi, systems in global manganese cycles deteriorated conditions revealed from A.; Netto, S.; Portnova, D.; Radziejewska, T.; Raes, M.; Tchesunov, A.; Vanaverbeke, is well appreciated. Yet, the polar macrobenthic community, our main objective was to investigate and inter- J.; Van Gaever, S.; Venekey, V.; Bezerra, systems, which encompass the T.N.; Flint, H.; Copley, J.; Pape, E.; compare the nematode communities largest freshwater repository in the Zeppilli, D.; Martinez, P.A.; Galeron, J. world, have been least studied for within these harbours and with other The great variety of geological and their role in manganese cycling. similar habitats worldwide. A total of hydrological conditions in the deep Results from a study that was 50 nematode species was sea generates many different conducted in the brackish water encountered in the study area, habitats. Some are only recently lakes in the Larsemann Hills region wherein highest (34 species) were explored, although their true extent (east Antarctica) is presented. The recorded at Mormugao harbour and 3 and geographical coverage are still not fully established. Both continental margins and mid-oceanic seafloors are much more complex ecologically, geologically, chemically and hydrodynamically than originally thought. As a result, fundamental patterns of species distribution first observed and explained in the context of relatively monotonous slopes and abyssal plains must now be re-evaluated in the light of this newly recognized habitat heterogeneity. Based on a global database of nematode genus composition, collected as part of the Census of Marine Life, we show that macrohabitat heterogeneity contributes significantly to total deep- sea nematode diversity on a global scale. Different deep-sea settings Beta diversity (solid line, cumulative species turnover as a percentage) plotted against water depth along transects (A) off Chiloe L (no OMZ), (B) off Concepcio L n (36 N, weak OMZ), (C) off harbour specific nematode Antofagasta (23 N, strong OMZ) (all from Chilean margin), (D) Bay of Bengal (eastern Indian assemblages. Some of them, like margin), (E) Rockall Trough (no OMZ; data from Paterson & Lambshead 1995), (F) western Indian coral rubble zones or nodule areas, margin, (G) Pakistan margin (solid symbols= data from Hughes et al. 2009; open symbols = data from Levin et al. 2009), H) Oman margin (data from Levin et al 2000). The Rockall Trough has been are very diverse habitats. Factors included as an example of a typical normally oxygenated margin. Bottom-water oxygen concentrations such as increased substrate are indicated by a coloured line. For the western Indian margin (F), oxygen values are taken from Da complexity in the case of nodules and Sousa et al. (1996), modified by data from RV Yokosuka cruise YK08 . 11 corals seem to facilitate the co- existence of a large number of genera Oxygen minimum zones (OMZs; midwater regions with O2 matter content. For the Pakistan with different modes of life, ranging -1 from sediment dwelling to epifaunal. concentrations <0.5 ml l ) are mid- margin, combining these parameters Furthermore, strong biochemical water features that intercept revealed clear environmental and gradients in the case of vents or continental margins at bathyal faunal differences between the OMZ seeps are responsible for the success depths (100-1000 m). They are core and the upper and lower of particular genera, which are not particularly well developed in the boundary regions. In all Pacific and prominent in more typical soft Eastern Pacific Ocean, the Arabian Arabian Sea OMZs examined, oxygen sediments. Many nematode deep-sea Sea and the Bay of Bengal. Based on appears to be the master driver of genera are cosmopolitan, inhabiting a analyses of data from these regions, alpha and beta diversity in all benthic variety of deep-sea habitats and we consider (1) how benthic habitat faunal groups for which data exist, as oceans, whereas only 21% of all heterogeneity is manifested within well as macrofaunal assemblage deep-sea genera recorded are OMZs, (2) which aspects of this composition, particularly in the OMZ restricted to a single habitat. In heterogeneity exert the greatest core. However, other factors, notably addition to habitat heterogeneity, influence on alpha and beta diversity organic matter quantity and quality regional differences are important in within particular OMZs and (3) how and sediment characteristics, come structuring nematode assemblages. heterogeneity associated with OMZs into play as oxygen concentrations For instance, seeps from different influences regional (gamma) diversity begin to rise. The influence of OMZs regions yield different genera that on continental margins. Sources of on meiofaunal, macrofaunal and thrive on the sulphidic sediments. sea-floor habitat heterogeneity within megafaunal regional (gamma) The study also showed that many OMZs include bottom-water oxygen diversity is difficult to assess. areas and habitats remain highly and sulphide gradients, substratum Hypoxia is associated with a under-sampled, affecting our ability characteristics, bacterial mats, and reduction in species richness in all to understand fully the contribution variations in the organic matter benthic faunal groups, but there is of habitat heterogeneity versus content of the sediment and pH. On also evidence for endemism in OMZ regional differences to global some margins, hard grounds, formed settings. It is concluded that, on nematode diversity. of phosphorites, carbonates or biotic balance, OMZs probably enhance substrata, represent distinct regional diversity, particularly in taxa Habitat heterogeneity and its subhabitats colonized by encrusting such as Foraminifera, which are influence on benthic faunas. Most of the heterogeneity more tolerant of hypoxia than others. biodiversity in oxygen associated with OMZs, however, is Over evolutionary timescales, they minimum zones created by strong Sea-floor oxygen may promote speciation by creating Gooday, A.J.; Bett, B.J.; Escobar, E.; gradients, reinforced by changes in strong gradients in selective Ingole, B.S.; Levin, L.A.; Neira, C.; sediment characteristics and organic pressures and barriers to gene flow. Raman, A.V.; Sellanes, J. 4 Ecobiogeography of the estuarine and coastal waters of the southwest coast of India Anas, A. Dinesh Kumar, P.K. Arabian Sea is known to be rich in biodiversity and productivity. Generally, North west coast of India is richer in carnivorous fish, while planktonivorous fishes are Haridevi, C.K. abundant in the southern region. Recent studies have disproved the earlier Jayalakshmi, K.V. assumption that mesozooplanktons (MSP) are distributed uniformly in high concentrations in the entire Eastern Arabian Sea during all seasons. Thus, we Jyothibabu, R. now know that MSP is high in northern region during WM and SIM, while it is Madhu, N.V. higher in Southwest coast of India during SM only. In agreement with the above, observed data and SeaWiFs images show high (>1 mg.m-3 ) chlorophyll a in Muraleedharan, K.R. northern region for 8 months (WM and SIM periods) through winter convection, Parameswaran, P.S. open ocean upwelling and advection, while the southern region remains oligotrophic (Chll a < 0.2 mg.m-3 ) for most of this time, largely due to stratification. Parvathi, A. In a significant study on carbon biogeochemistry, it has been shown that Cochin Raveendran, T.V. estuary, which was previously an autotrophic (CO2 sink) system has now turned into a heterotrophic (CO source) system following rapid urbanization and Ravindran, J. 2 industrialization. According to Jabob et al, the high C/N ratio of the surface Revichandran, C. sediments from western continenetal shelf of India is indicative of their marine Tanuku, N.R.S. origin. The surface waters were nutrient rich, low in oxygen during late summer monsoon, while it turned into oxygen rich and oligotrophic during early monsoon. Examination of hydrography and productivity pattern of south western and southern Indian Ocean, taxonomic studies of mysids (zooplanktons), Impact of bottom trawling on biochemical and metal toxicity studies of different organisms, statistical evaluations of the effect of water quality and other parameters on the distribution sediment characteristics - A of aquatic organisms, biochemical and molecular characterization of marine study along inshore waters microorganisms, etc, constitute some other significant contributions during 2009- off Veraval coast, India 2010. Bhagirathan, U.; Meenakumari, B.; The enzyme MurA, involved in bacterial cell wall peptidoglycan synthesis was Jayalakshmy, K.V.; Panda, S.K.; Madhu, found to contribute to the resistance of E coli against the antibacterial compound V.R.; Vaghela, D.T fosfomycin. As part of chemical studies, several bioactive molecules such as kainic acid, tedanalactam, cryptotackieine and coumarin analogs were The present communication is a synthesized, often using novel tandem strategies. Our attempts to understand study on the impact of bottom the anti-fouling properties of different compounds of marine origin have resulted trawling on the sediment in broadening the perspectives as reflected in a review paper cited here. characteristics along Veraval coast, Similarly, the review paper on soft coral sterols lists 561 compounds, grouped under five groups with implications for future chemotaxonomic investigations of which is the largest trawler port of these organisms. India. Experimental bottom The apparent paradox of uniformly high Mesozooplankton (MSPs) crop in the trawling was conducted from MFV Eastern Arabian Sea (EAS), even though Chlorophyll a and phytoplankton Sagarkripa at five transects of distribution varies widely, was solved by sampling at closer grids which clearly water depths 15-20 m, 21-25 m, indicated that the distribution of MSPs closely follow that of latter. Several new 26-30 m, 31-35 m and 36-40 m in mysids (zooplanktons) were studied taxonomically for the first time from Arabian commercial trawling grounds. Sea. Studies on carbon biogeochemistry of Cochin backwaters clearly established the emerging heterotrophic trends due to rapid urbanization and Trawling was conducted for 12 industrialization of this otherwise oligotrophic estuary. Going further to months in a span of 15 months continental shelf region, the high C/N ratio of surface sediments indicated its (September 2005-November 2006) marine origin. Examination of hydrography and productivity patterns of South excluding the trawl ban period western and Southern Indian Ocean, statistical evaluation of different (June to August). The sediment parameters on distribution of aquatic organisms, biochemical and molecular characterization of microorganisms, etc were some other research activities texture was analysed by pipette during the year. The role of MurA, an enzyme involved in cell wall synthesis, in analysis and organic matter by wet making certain E coli strains resistant to antibacterial agent fosfomycin has oxidation method. The variations profound implications in pharmacological studies. Several bioactive compounds – in organic matter and sediment kainic acid, tedanalactam, cryptotackieine and coumarin analogs – were texture were prominent between synthesized using novel tandem strategies and their biological properties are currently under investigation. the stations selected at different depths. The sedimentary organic matter exhibited variations with cause even more drastic proportion did not exhibit different water depths and reductions, where organic matter significant depth-wise variation. seasons. The organic matter (OM) content is already very small. The seasonal variation of silt was content decreased with depth. The sand proportion showed significant whereas trawling effect Experimental trawling considerably depth-wise variation; but seasonal imparted to silt was not evident. reduced the organic matter content and trawling effect was not Trawling has no significant effect at all depths. Continued and significant showing highest values on clay concentration. But incessant trawling operation can at 36-40 m depth. The silt 5 seasonal variation had great associated productivity processes. Mesopodopsis orientalis were influence on the clay distribution This sector includes circumpolar investigated based on samples and indicated significantly high zones and fronts with distinct collected over a period of one year depth-season interaction. The hydrographic and trophic regimes, in a tropical estuary, i.e., Cochin sediment of the study area was such as the Subtropical Zone backwater. M. orientalis was predominant in silt proportion. It (STZ), Subtropical Frontal Zone recorded throughout the year and was observed that the (STFZ), Subantarctic Zone (SAZ), its peak abundance was observed seasonal/natural variations were Polar Frontal Zone (PFZ), North during the monsoon period. The more prominent masking the Subtropical Front (NSTF), Agulhas species produced more than one trawling effect on silt. Retroflection Front (ARF), South generation per year. The number of Subtropical Front (SSTF), embryos carried by a single female Mysids (Crustacea) from the Subantarctic Front, Surface Polar ranged from 7 to 12, and was shallow waters off Front (SPF), and Subsurface Polar correlated with female length (P < Maharashtra and south Front. Seasonal variations in the 0.05), tending to increase with the Gujarat, India, with solar irradiance and day length, size of the female. Egg size varied description of a new species stratification, lack of between 0.39 and 0.47 mm, with Biju, A.; Panampunnayil, S.U. micronutrients like iron and no correlation with length of the increased grazing pressure are the female, and size difference was Taxonomy, ecology and major factors that influenced or observed in the same brood. Males distribution of mysids collected constrained biological production and females attain sexual maturity from the coastal waters of in this region. Even though broad after reaching a total length of 5 Maharashtra and South Gujarat, differences in these controlling mm and 4.5 mm, respectively. India, are studied. Fourteen factors exist in time and space With the exception of chlorophyll a, species belonging to seven genera between the zonal regions, the the environmental parameters, are represented, of which one upper 1000 m of the water column dissolved oxygen, salinity, pH, and species, Acanthomysis microps, is of the main zones, STZ, STFZ, SAZ, water temperature do not have described as new to science. The PFZ, supported almost identical much influence on population new species is distinguished from standing stocks of density. The biochemical all the known species of the genus mesozooplankton, 0.43, 0.47, 0.45 composition of the species reveals by the combination of broadly and 0.49 ml m-3 , respectively, its high nutritional quality. Mature rounded rostrum, narrower eyes during the austral summer. This males and females showed higher and the spination of the uropodal unexpected similarity can be protein contents than other stages, endopod and telson. Other species explained either through the while carbohydrate content was recorded are Siriella dubia, S. functioning of the microbial loop high in immature stages, and lipid jonesi, Rhopalophthalmus within STZ, STFZ and SAZ and the content was high in brooding mumbayensis, R. anishi, R. multivorous food web ecology females. murudana, R. vijayai, Gastrosaccus within the PFZ. Dominance of dunckeri, Eurobowmaniella ciliates in the microzooplankton Observed mixed standing- muticus, Afromysis dentisinus, community may be one factor wave signatures in Cochin Acanthomysis pelagica, A. resulting in the maintenance of a Estuary on the southwest platycauda, A. macrops and high mesozooplankton standing coast of India Mesopodopsis orientalis, and the stock in SAZ. In contrast to the DineshKumar, P.K.; Srinivas, K.; differences shown by the present zones, frontal regions showed wide Muraleedharan, K.R.; Thottam, T.J. specimens from the published differences in hydrography and Study of the characteristics of description are discussed. biological characteristics. The currents and water-level variations SSTF and SPF were far more in the Cochin estuary reveals, for Hydrographic and biologically productive than that of the first time, unique signatures of productivity characteristics NSTF and ARF. along 45ºE longitude in the mixed standing-waves in the southwestern Indian Ocean Seasonal abundance, southern region. Analysis of the simultaneous water-level data and Southern Ocean during ecology, reproductive generated at the mouth of the austral summer 2004 biology, and biochemical estuary, located about 45 km Jasmine, P.; Muraleedharan, K.R.; Madhu, composition of Mesopodopsis upstream, showed very little N.V.; AshaDevi, C.R.; Alagarsamy, R.; orientalis W.M. Tattersall Achuthankutty, C.T.; Jayan, Z.; Sanjeevan, dissipation had taken place in the V.N.; Sahayak, S. (Mysidacea) from a tropical tidal amplitudes, implying that estuary (Cochin Backwater) tides are amplified because of a During the austral summer 2004, in India physical barrier. The amplitudes of an intensive multidisciplinary Biju, A.; Gireesh, R.; Jayalakshmi, K.J.; the major tidal constituents O , K , survey was carried out in the Haridevi, C.K.; Panampunnayil, S.U. 11 M , and S were 87, 87, 83, and Indian Ocean sector of the 22 79%, respectively, of the values Southern Ocean to study the main Seasonal abundance, life history, close to the sea. The M tide was hydrographic features and the and biochemical composition of 2 6 found to be the maximum, followed embryogenesis, 2.6% of the Carbon biogeochemistry of a tropical by the K12 , S , and O 1 constituents. protein, 11.8% of the lipid and ecosystem (The Cochin Estuary, Sea level was found to be largely 3.2% of carbohydrate mass had India) undergoing increased human forced by the astronomical tides at been lost, providing 20.5%,75.4% intervention was studied during both the locations. The nontidal and 4.1% of the total energy February (premonsoon), April (early time series at the two locations expenditure of 0.2147 mJ embryo-1 . monsoon) and September (monsoon) correlated strongly, with the During 48h of metamorphosis, 2005. The Cochin estuary sustains μ percentage of the variance lipid was utilized first, followed by high levels of pCO2 (up to 6000 explained by the relationship being a heavy consumption of protein; atm) and CO2 effluxes (up to 274 about 82.3%. Currents and their protein, lipid and carbohydrate lost mmolC m-2 d -1 ) especially during displacements were found to be of 23.8%, 50.2% and 32.5% of their monsoon. A first-order estimate of low magnitude but revealed mass respectively. Protein and lipid the carbon mass balance shows that significant spatial variability, even supplied a comparable amount of net production of dissolved though they were closely spaced. energy for metamorphosis,34.2% inorganic carbon is an order of As compared with the cross-shore and 55.2%, respectively, whereas, magnitude higher than the net loss currents, the alongshore currents carbohydrate contributed of dissolved and particulate organic were highly coherent, with clear only10.6% to the 2.733 mJ larva -1 carbon from the estuary. This signatures of tidal forcing. Further, metamorphic energy expenditure. imbalance is attributed to the tidal analysis of synchronous data organic inputs to the estuary on various parameters-water level, Effects of copper on through anthropogenic supplies. alongshore and crossshore development and survival The bacteria-mediated currents, temperature, and rate of Paphia malabarica mineralization of organic matter is salinity-revealed the relative Chemnitz larvae under low mainly responsible for the build-up dominance of the various tidal saline condition of pCO22 and increased CO emission constituents. The water Gireesh, R.; Gopinathan, C.P. to the atmosphere indicating temperature peaked during late heterotrophy. The linear correlation Venerid clam, Paphia malabarica afternoon, suggesting solar forcing, between excess CO2 and apparent whereas salinity variation, though Chemnitz, is the commercially oxygen utilization indicates quite low in range, showed exploited species distributed respiration as the chief mechanism exclusively in Vembanad Lake and signatures of tidal forcing. A for CO2 supersaturation. An scatter plot of water level and Ashtamudi estuary, along the increase in the net negative spatial average of alongshore south west coast of India. The ecosystem production (–ve NEP) currents revealed correlations of survival rate and development of P. between premonsoon (-136 mmolC minima in overtide velocity malabarica larvae were studied for m-2 d -1 or -376 MgC d -1 and amplitudes. The magnitude of the 3 days in ambient salinity (33), monsoon (-541 mmolC m-2 d -1 or - μ 2+ -1 currents was very small and not copper (2.5 g Cu l , reduced 1500 MgC d-1 ) is supported by a salinities (25 and 20) and a proportional to the tidal heights corresponding increase in O2 combination of copper in low -2 -1 observed. Intense mixing is closely influxes from 17 mmol O2 m d salinities. No significant differences -1 -2 related to the horizontal velocity (126 MgC d ) to -128 mmol O2 m were found in larval development -1 -1 shear, which causes mixing d (-946 MgC d ) and CO2 sufficient to destratify the water between treatments. The survival emissions from 65 mmolC m-2 d -1 rates decreased considerably with -1 -2 -1 column. Resonance of the M2 tidal (180 MgC d ) to 267 mmolC m d wave may be possible because of low salinities although the (740 MgC d-1 ). There is a significant the length and depth relation in combination of copper and low north-south gradient in metabolic salinity gave synergistic effects. the estuary, and the results rates and CO2 fluxes attributable to suggest over tides are the causative The reduced survival in low the varying flow patterns and factor. salinities would limit population anthropogenic inputs into the growth of this species in estuarine estuary. The study reveals that the Biochemical changes during areas experiencing low salinities Cochin estuary, a previously and also explains the absence of larval development in the autotrophic (CO2 sink) system, has short neck clam, Paphia larval settlement on habitats close been transformed to a heterotrophic to harbors or river mouths. malabarica Chemnitz (CO2 source) system following rapid Gireesh, R.; Biju, A.; Muthiah, P. urbanization and industrialization. CO2 supersaturation and net Moreover, the export fluxes from the Biochemical compositions were heterotrophy in a tropical Cochin estuary appear to be quite determined for eggs, D-shaped estuary Cochin, India): important in sustaining net larvae, umbo larvae and pediveliger Influence of anthropogenic heterotrophy in the southeastern of the short neck clam Paphia effect - Carbon dynamics in Arabian Sea. malabarica Chemnitz. Spawned tropical estuary eggs were composed of 63.2% Gupta, G.V.M.; Thottathil, S.D.; protein, 25.4% lipid and 11.4% Balachandran, K.K.; Madhu, N.V.; carbohydrate. After 48 h of Madeswaran, P.; Nair, S. 7 Biogeochemical for distribution of Pleuromamma species were also determined in the characteristics of the surface species. Diel and ontogenetic studied regions. On a broader sediments along the western migrations were observed for scale, based on the ecological continental shelf of India Pleuromamma xiphias. Multivariate aspect, the first four regions could Jacob, J.; Jayaraj, K.A.; Rehman, H.H.; analyses such as factor analysis on be reduced to two regions, viz, Chandramohanakumar, N.; Balachandran, species' abundance and predictive region 1 including the north off K.K.; Raveendran, T.V.; Joseph, T.; Nair, step-up multiple regression models 10ºN, Central Indian Ocean and M.; Achuthankutty, C.T. of water quality parameters: the area of subtropical Surface sediments from the temperature, salinity, dissolved convergence, and region 2 western continental shelf of India oxygen and their first order consisting exclusively of the were analysed for total organic interaction effects on equatorial region between 10ºN carbon (TOC), total nitrogen (TN), Pleuromamma species' abundance, and 10ºS based on distribution of total hydrolysable carbohydrates were carried out in the regions, off Pleuromamma species. The plot of (TCHO) and proteins (PRT) during 10ºN, 10ºN to 10ºS, 10ºS to 30ºS, the species abundance with the late summer monsoon along the Somali Coast (38ºS-40ºS) respect to latitude also showed (September-October, 2003) and and a fifth region along the western such a demarcation. pre-monsoon (March-April, 2004) boundary of the above four regions. seasons. The region experienced Relation between Pleuromamma Polychaete community entirely different hydrographic species` abundance and the water structure of Indian west characteristics and productivity quality parameters showed a coast shelf, Arabian Sea patterns during the two seasons. decreasing trend in the variability Joydas, T.V.; Jayalakshmy, K.V.; Low oxygenated, cold, nutrient rich explained (VE) from region 1 (VE = Damodaran, R. μ μ 55.19%) to region 4 (VE = 31.15%) (DO<180 M, SST <28ºC, NO3 2 M) Macrobenthic polychaete in the models, indicating that the surface waters and the existence of communities of the western influence of other ecological factors subsurface suboxia were the continental shelf of India (Arabian was of higher significance in the hydrographic features during late Sea) were investigated between south than in the north, with a summer due to the persistence of 1998 and 2001 using different north south gradient. Diversity and upwelling. Meanwhile, during pre- taxonomic levels to test whether dominance were highly (r = 0.95) monsoon the region was lower resolution data set can correlated. A multilinkage cluster oligotrophic and oxygen saturated explain community variation along μ μ analysis by group averaging (DO >200 M, NO3 <2 M). Satellite the depth gradient similar to the method for the species, based on imagery, in situ Chl a and higher resolution data set. Our the standardised values of zooplankton biomass showed high previous study with species level log 10 (X + 1) transformed species` production along the region during data has shown that depth abundance, showed that P. indica, late summer compared to pre- gradients influence the distribution P. gracilis and P. abdominalis were monsoon. Sedimentary organic and abundance of polychaetes. not segregated in any of the five matter (SOM) was of marine origin Similar relationship with data region Bray and Curtis (1957) during both seasons, as indicated aggregated to genus and family coefficient of similarity for the by the C/N ratios. TCHO + PRT: level is found in this study. All the species in the five regions TOC and PRT: TCHO revealed aged depth ranges showed a closely combined together, showed 50% organic matter and did not change parallel course for taxa richness similarity for the cluster containing between the seasons. During late and diversity for the three levels of circum-global species, summer, TOC and the reactive resolution. Our high resolution Pleuromamma piseki, P. gracilis, P. organic matter (TCHO and PRT) in data showed significant community abdominalis and P. borealis. The the surface sediments were differences (ANOSIM) between the species, P. indica and P. xiphias concentrated along the regions depth ranges 30-50 and >150 m entered this cluster at 22% (13–17ºN) where active upwelling and 51-100 and >150 m whereas similarity level. Multivariate factor was observed, suggesting a close the low resolution data (family) analysis by row normalisation (for coupling between SOM further separated the communities species) and column normalisation characteristics and the surface between 101-150 and >150 m (for stations), using varimax ocean productivity. depth ranges. rotation to simple structure for Effect of water quality unique grouping of species as well Re-evaluation of 'paradox of as stations, carried out in the five parameters on the mesozooplankton' in the regions, showed that the maximum distribution of Pleuromamma eastern Arabian Sea based number of species` clusters were (Copepoda-Calanoida) on ship and satellite obtained in region 2, indicating a species in the Indian Ocean: observations A statistical approach higher variability in the ecological conditions in this region than in Jyothibabu, R.; Madhu, N.V.; Jayalakshmy, K.V.; Saraswathy, M.; Nair, M. Habeebrehman, H.; Jayalakshmy, K.V.; the other four regions. The Nair, K.K.C.; Achuthankutty, C.T. The region between 10ºN and 10ºS significance of the factor model and latitude was known to be congenial the differential factor groups of In the central and eastern Arabian 8 Sea (EAS), biomass and production of many species of the Genus Vibrio. phytoplankton are known to vary It is investigated that the spatially and seasonally whereas, prevalence of vhh gene among V. biomass of mesozooplankton (MSP) is harveyi isolated from Penaeus reported to be constant. This monodon hatcheries in India by apparent contradiction has been polymerase chain reaction (PCR). called 'Arabian Sea Paradox'. The vhh was detected in 67 of the However, it is important to note that 70 V. harveyi isolates tested in this the paradox is based on a very study using different combinations limited seasonal data (from 5 to 7 of PCR primers. A variant vhh gene locations). Therefore, we reconsidered detected in a minority of strains AP-PCR patterns of B. pumilus obtained with the paradox based on intensive in- was cloned, sequenced, and the primer CRA22. M = 100 bp DNA ladder situ observations at 37-40 locations recombinant protein was expressed (GeneRuler, Fermentas) in the EAS. In agreement with the in Escherichia coli. The deduced known seasonal difference in amino acid sequence of the cloned study reports, for the first time, the phytoplankton standing stock in the gene was 86% similar to the presence of the emetic toxin gene EAS, we analysed the MSP data in previously reported amino acid cesB in B. pumilus. two ways using two-way nested sequences of VHH. The results of ANOVA. In 'basin scale' analysis, this study suggest that though V. Identification of a novel MSP data from the EAS were pooled harveyi strains invariably harbor UDP-N-acetylglucosamine and seasonal and Inshore-offshore vhh, the sequence variants of the enolpyruvyl transferase variations were analysed for the hemolysin gene exist that may (MurA) from Vibrio fischeri entire region. In 'regional scale' impede their detection by PCR. that confers high fosfomycin analysis, MSP data were analysed resistance in Escherichia coli separately for (a) northern region Biochemical and molecular Kumar, S.; Parvathi, A.; Hernandez, R.L.; (north of 15ºN) and (b) southern characterization of Bacillus Cadle, K.M.; Varela, M.F. region (15ºN and south of it). Satellite pumilus isolated from MurA [UDP-N-acetylglucosamine data of chlorophyll a, SST and wind coastal environment in (UDP-NAG) enolpyruvyl transferase] is speed were also analysed to show the Cochin, India a key enzyme involved in bacterial cell major differences in oceanographic Parvathi, A.; Krishna, K.; Jose, J.; Joseph, wall peptidoglycan synthesis and a features in the northern and N.; Nair, S. target for the antimicrobial agent southern EAS. The analyses showed Bacillus species constitute a diverse fosfomycin, a structural analog of the prominently high chlorophyll a (av. 1 -3 group of bacteria widely distributed MurA substrate phosphoenol mg m ) in the northern region during in soil and the aquatic environment. pyruvate. In this study, it is identified most of the year through winter In this study, Bacillus strains that, cloned and sequenced a novel convection, open ocean upwelling isolated from the coastal murA gene from an environmental and lateral advection from the environment of Cochin, India were isolate of Vibrio fischeri that is Arabian coast. On the other hand, -3 identified by detailed conventional naturally resistant to fosfomycin. The chlorophyll a was low (av. 0.2 mg m ) biochemical methods, fatty acid fosfomycin resistance gene was in the southern region during most of methyl ester (FAME) analysis and isolated from a genomic DNA library of the year mainly due to thermohaline partial 16S rDNA sequencing. V. fischeri. An antimicrobial agent stratification. The MSP biomass was Analysis of the data revealed that hypersensitive strain of Escherichia coli distributed almost in a similar way as Bacillus pumilus was the most harboring murA from V. fischeri that of phytoplankton stock with predominant species in the region exhibited a high fosfomycin resistance statistically significant spatial and under study followed by B. cereus phenotype, with minimum inhibitory seasonal variations in the northern and B. sphaericus. The B. pumilus concentration of 3,000μg/ml. The and southern regions. In this paper, isolates were further characterized cloned murA gene was 1,269 bp long we review the 'paradox of MSP' and by arbitrarily primed PCR (AP-PCR), encoding a 422 amino acid polypeptide present clear and new evidences to antibiotic sensitivity profiling and with an estimated pI of 5.0. The show that this concept is not logically PCR screening for known toxin deduced amino acid sequence of the applicable for EAS. genes associated with Bacillus spp. putative protein was identified as UDP- Prevalence and All B. pumilus isolates were NAG enolpyruvyl transferase by heterogeneity of Hemolysin biochemically identical, exhibited homology comparison. The MurA high protease and lipase activity gene vhh among hatchery protein with an estimated molecular and uniformly sensitive to weight of 44.7 kDa was expressed in E. isolates of Vibrio harveyi in antibiotics tested in this study. One coli and purified by affinity India strain of B. pumilus harboured chromatography. MurA of V. fischeri Parvathi, A.; George, J.; Kumar, S. cereulide synthetase gene cesB of B. will be a useful target to identify Vibrio harveyi, pathogenic to fish, cereus which was indistinguishable potential inhibitors of fosfomycin harbor a hemolysin gene vhh, the from rest of the isolates resistance in pharmacological studies. homologues of which are found in biochemically and by AP-PCR. This 9 best replacement options for the most successful antifouling agent, tri-n-butyl tin (TBT), which, due to its ecological incompatibility, is currently facing total global ban imposed by International Maritime Organization (IMO). Realizing the importance, commercial and Retrosynthetic analysis depicting the Tandem Witting - Intramolecular Ene reaction industrial, of immediately finding a Tandem Wittig-Ene reaction and steps to ensure protection of suitable replacement for TBT, the approach to Kainic acid their habitats. Also needed are research on NPAs has gathered population genetic studies coupled considerable momentum during the Majik, M.S.; Parameswaran, P.S.; Tilve, S.G. with captive breeding for last two decades, as evidenced from The first example of a tandem successful translocation and the sudden spurt in the number of Wittig-intramolecular ene reaction reintroduction efforts. publications and the number of approach and its application toward NPAs being reported. Although the synthesis of kainic acid was An expeditious I2-catalyzed commendable effort has been reported. The synthetic pathway entry into 6H-indolo[2,3- expended, more challenges remain involved conversion of prenyl b]quinoline system of ahead before realizing their bromide into phosphorane 3, cryptotackieine applications at an industrial scale. followed by one-pot Wittig Parvatkar, P.T.; Parameswaran, P.S.; Tilve, olefination and an ene reaction with S.G. Marine metabolites: The glyoxalic acid to give the cis fused sterols of soft coral A synthesis of a series of novel 6H- pyrrolidine skeleton of kainic acid. Sarma, N.S.; Krishna, M.S.; Pasha, Sk.G.; indolo[2,3-b]- quinolines with Rao, T.S.P.; Venkateswarlu, Y.; Total synthesis of (-)- and different substituent's on the Parameswaran, P.S. (+)-tedanalactam quinoline ring is described. The method involves reaction of indole- Sterols constitute a major group of Majik, M.S.; Parameswaran, P.S.; Tilve, secondary metabolites of soft corals. S.G. 3-carboxyaldehyde with aryl amines in the presence of a Several of these compounds have the δ50δ The first stereoselective route catalytic amount of iodine in 'usual' 3 beta-hydroxy, (or ) providing access to both refluxing diphenyl ether to yield cholestane skeleton, a large number enantiomers of tedanalactam, a indolo[2,3-b]quinolines in one-pot. of these metabolites are polar sterols naturally occurring piperidone, has The present approach provides a with multiple oxygenations in rings been developed. The stereogenic new route for the synthesis of as well as side chains. The latter centers were generated by the use polycyclic structures related to an compounds are structurally similar of Sharpless asymmetric alkaloid cryptotackieine to some of the steroidal hormones, dihydroxylation. Tandem (neocryptolepine). bile acids, signaling agents, etc., with oxidation-Wittig reaction and one- potential therapeutic applications in pot deprotection, lactamization, Cascade Wittig reaction- the fields of cancer, atherosclerosis, and oxirane ring formation are the double Claisen and Cope and other diseases. The present other key elements. rearrangements: one-pot review lists 561 structurally diverse synthesis of diprenylated sterols of marine soft coral origin and coumarins gravelliferone, attempts to codify their structural balsamiferone, and 6,8- types. This will help in diprenylumbelliferone chemotaxonomic investigations of these organisms and stimulate Patre, R.E.; Shet, J.B.; Parameswaran, biochemists to look for useful P.S.; Tilve, S.G. enzymes for conversion of normal A cascade Wittig reaction-double sterols into biologically useful Claisen and Cope rearrangements derivatives. has been employed for a one-pot Retrosynthesis of Tedanalactam 1 synthesis of diprenylated coumarins gravelliferone, balsamiferone, and 6,8- Threatened fishes of the diprenylumbelliferone from a world: Clarias dussumieri common precursor 2,4- dussumieri (Valenciennes, diprenyloxybenzaldehyde. 1840) (Clariidae) Padmakumar, K.G.; Bindu, L.; Basheer, Natural product antifoulants V.S.; Gopalakrishnan, A. Raveendran, T.V.; Mol, V.P.L. These studies are necessary to Natural Product Antifoulants (NPAs) determine the present distribution have been proposed as one of the 10 Impact on the coastal zone due to natural and anthropogenic pressures Bhat, S.R. Indian coast is constantly under changes from natural and anthropogenic stresses. Kunte, P.D. The changes could be either positive or negative, and hence a balance should be Mani Murali, R. maintained between developmental activities and environmental health. This requires periodic monitoring of shoreline and water quality of the coastal region, Mascarenhas, A. where developmental activities are going on. In this chapter, we present the work Rathod, V.P. carried out along the Paradip coastal region and in the Kandla creek. The water fronts of these regions are extensively utilized by several industries for installing Sarupria, J.S. marine facilities. Vethamony, P. months, and in monsoon months Demarcation of inland extending up to the Panaji was considered for this pilot study. exceed 5.0 m, and even 7.0 m, vessels' limit off Mormugao especially during extreme events. port region, India: A pilot Measured winds and wave parameters (AWS and moored In order to draw IVL contours for study for the safety of inland buoy) as well as NCEP re-analysis Goa coastal region, local model was vessels using wave modelling and NCMRWF winds were used for set up and nearshore waves were Vethamony, P.; Aboobacker, V.M.; the analysis and input to regional simulated for the period May Sudheesh, K.; Babu, M.T.; AshokKumar, A. and local models. The results of 2004–May 2005. Based on the The Ministry of Shipping desires to wave model were validated with nearshore SWH distribution, IVL revise the inland vessels' limit (IVL) measured significant wave heights contours have been fixed for the notification based on scientific (SWHs) and the comparison shows Mormugao port and Panaji coastal rationale to improve the safety of a good match. The analysis regions. vessels and onboard personnel. indicates that SWHs do not exceed The Mormugao port region 2.0 m during non-monsoon Evaluation of significant sources influencing the variation of water quality of Kandla creek, Gulf of Katchchh, using PCA Dalal, S.G.; Shirodkar, P.V.; Jagtap, T.G.; Naik, B.G.; Rao, G.S. To evaluate the significant sources contributing to water quality parameters, we used principal component analysis (PCA) for the interpretation of a large complex data matrix obtained from the Kandla creek environmental monitoring program. The data set consists of analytical results of a seasonal sampling survey conducted over 2 years at four stations. PCA indicates five principal components to be responsible for the data structure and explains 76% of the total variance of the data set. The study stresses the need to include new parameters in the analysis in order to make the interpretation of principal components more meaningful. The PCA could be applied as a useful tool to eliminate multi-collinearity IVL regions demarcated based on wave heights (April 2005) with existing smooth and partially problems and to remove the smoothed water lines indirect effect of parameters. 11 Monitoring shoreline environment of Paradip, east coast of India using remote sensing ManiMurali, R.; Shrivastava, D.; Vethamony, P. In the present study, multi- temporal satellite images of Indian Remote Sensing Satellites (IRS1D Measured and modelled significant wave heights and IRS P6 - Resourcesat) from 1998 to 2005 is used to monitor the coastal environment of Paradip, east coast of India. The resultant Spectral characteristics of events during the above period. coastal vector maps were used to the nearshore waves off Frequency-energy spectra during estimate the geomorphological Paradip, India during extreme events are single peaked, changes and shifting of the monsoon and extreme and the maximum energy shoreline position. This integrated events distribution is in a narrow study is found useful for exploring frequency band with an average Aboobacker, V.M.; Vethamony, P.; directional spreading of 20º. accretion and erosion processes in Sudheesh, K.; Rupali, S.P. the region. The shoreline maps Spectra for other seasons are were compared with the 1973 Spectral and statistical wave multi-peaked, and energy is Survey of India topo sheets to parameters obtained from the distributed over a wide range of estimate the changes which have measured time series wave data off frequencies and directions. The occurred in the region. Results Paradip, east coast of India during NCEP re-analysis winds were used indicate an increase of 7.72 km in May 1996 – January 1997 were in the model, and the results shoreline length and a net loss of analysed along with MIKE 21 clearly bring out the wave features 18.73 km2 of beach area between spectral wave model (SW) results. during depressions. The simulated the years 1973 and 1998, and 0.46 Statistical wave parameters and wave parameters reasonably show km reduction in shoreline length directional wave energy spectra good match with the and 3.11 km2 increase in beach distinctly separate out the wave measurements. For example, the area between 1998 and 2005. An conditions that prevailed off correlation coefficient between the overall net increase of 7.26 km Paradip in the monsoon, fair measured and modeled significant length shoreline and a net loss of weather and extreme weather wave height is 0.87 and the bias - 15.6 km 2 was observed between 0.25. 1973 and 2005. The years 2001, 2002 and 2003 exhibited loss in length of shoreline as well as area of the beach. These years coincided with certain coastal activities carried out in the study region. 12 Observations of sea level and surface meteorological data from coastal locations Tides have considerable importance in the field of ocean dynamics. Time-series high- resolution measurements of sea-level at fine temporal resolution are required for studies of processes in coastal and offshore water bodies. Analysis of tidal measurements from eight locations from Kochi backwaters, from its dual mouths to the head, was carried out to understand the tidal propagation characteristics of this estuary. Since no tidal observations were available either in the mid-shelf or outer Desai, R.G.P. shelf regions of the continental shelf off the west coast of India, NIO carried out tidal Joseph, A.K. measurements from the oil drilling platform of the ONGC at Mumbai High region, which is located on the continental shelf and close to the continental shelf break of Mehra, P. the eastern Arabian Sea. NIO-make sub-surface pressure gauges were used, and tidal measurements were carried out for a period of about 40 days. These measurements were in agreement with those predicted from model studies. Corporation of India. All the four for the observed amplification. Amplified Msf tides at Kochi gauges provided identical However, in regions where depth is backwaters on the measurements. The measured <2 m, variable bottom frictional southwest coast of India tides were harmonically analysed effects at fortnightly periodicity Joseph, A.; Balachandran, K.K.; Mehra, and the amplitudes and phases of plays an additional role in the Msf P.; Desai, R.G.P.; VijayKumar, K.; the five major constituents, i.e. M , tidal amplification. 2 Agarvadekar, Y.; Revichandran, C.; S , K , O and N were compared Dabholkar, N. 21 1 2 Observed tides at Mumbai with those observed at the closest Characteristics of tides at eight High offshore region near coastal station (Apollo Bandar, stations in Kochi backwaters (KB) Mumbai). It was found that the the continental shelf break located on the southwest coast of observed tidal range at this in the eastern Arabian Sea India were analysed. The Msf tidal offshore location was unusually constituents at several locations Joseph, A.; Vijaykumar, K.; Mehra, P.; larger than those found in the Unnikrishnan, A.S.; Sundar, D.; Desai, are found to be considerably larger R.G.P. open-ocean regions. This large tidal than those estimated from the range was found to be associated driving tidal potential. The Msf The observed large tidal range (up with the large width of the tidal amplitude amplifies to 3 m during spring tide) at the continental shelf off the central progressively from Kochi inlet to Mumbai High offshore region west coast of India. the shallower upstream region located near the continental shelf where it exhibits ~. 3 - fold break, off the central west coast of amplification. At the upstream India, is described based on boundary, the Msf tide has the simultaneous tidal measurements (30 s average) at 15 min sampling same order of magnitude as M2 and interval using four tide gauges K1 tides. The nonlinear frictional deployed from an oil drilling interaction between M22 and S tides appears to be mainly responsible platform of the Oil and Natural Gas 13 Engineering analysis of coastal processes for marine structures and technology development towards marine activities Ashok Kumar, K. The study of shallow water wave characteristics has importance in coastal engineering activities. The wave characteristics along the west coast of India are Diwan, S.G. influenced by the wind conditions in Indian Ocean and Arabian Sea. The knowledge Fernandes, A.A. on characteristics of waves in the shallow waters of India during the onset of summer monsoon is required for prediction of waves using wave models. A study was carried Illangovan, D. out to know the variations in wave characteristics during the wave growth by Mandal, S. measuring shallow water waves off Goa, west coast of India. measured data indicates that the Waves in shallow water off measured waves are young sea west coast of India during with presence of swells. Even when the onset of summer the wind speed reduced to <3 m/s, monsoon significant wave height >2m is SanilKumar, V.; Philip, C.S.; Nair, T.N.B. present due to the swells in the Arabian Sea. The maximum wave The wave growth characteristics height increased from 2 to 8m during the onset of summer within 60 h. The mean wave monsoon in a swell dominated directions at the high frequencies open ocean at a location off the align with the westerly wind west coast of India at 14m water direction and gradually shift to depth are studied. 67% of the south-westerly swell direction at measured waves are due to the low frequencies during the wave swells arriving from south and growth. The strong westerly winds south-west and the balance was present between longitude 72º and due to the seas from south-west to 72.5º at latitude 12.5º has created north-west. Wave age of the the high waves (Hm0 upto 5.65 m) during the measured period. 14 Role of the Equatorial Indian Ocean processes on the Climate Variability (EIO-CLIVAR) Charyulu, R.J.K. Analysis of the long-term (1960-2005) sea surface temperature (SST), air temperature and rainfall data showed a disruption of decadal cycle in the Arabian Muraleedharan, P.M. Sea and suggested that Arabian Sea and the adjacent land mass is experiencing Neetu, S. global warming and undergoing a regional climate shift. The analysis of the in situ data (2007-2008) from RAMA (Research moored array for African-Asian-Australian Prasanna Kumar, S. monsoon analysis and prediction) mooring along with satellite and Argo data (200- Sarma, M.S.S. 2008) showed that the seasonal mixed layer heat balance of the southwestern tropical Indian Ocean was controlled by the surface heat fluxes and horizontal heat Suresh, I. advection. Suryanarayana, A. Response of the Arabian Sea to global warming and associated regional climate shift PrasannaKumar, S.; Roshin, R.P.; Narvekar, J.; DineshKumar, P.K.; Vivekanandan, E. The response of the Arabian Sea to global warming is the disruption in the natural decadal cycle in the sea surface temperature (SST) after 1995, followed by a secular warming. The Arabian Sea is experiencing a regional climate- shift after 1995, which is accompanied by a fivefold increase in the occurrence of 'most intense cyclones'. Signatures of this climate-shift are also perceptible over the adjacent landmass of India as: (1) progressively warmer winters, and (2) decreased decadal monsoon rainfall. The warmer winters are associated with a 16- fold decrease in the decadal wheat production after 1995, while the decreased decadal rainfall was accompanied by a decline of vegetation cover and increased occurrence of heat spells. It is proposed that in addition to the oceanic thermal inertia, the upwelling-driven cooling provided a mechanism that offset the CO2 - driven SST increase in the Arabian Sea until 1995. Seasonal mixed layer heat balance of the southwestern tropical Indian Ocean (a) Five-year running mean of sea surface temperature (SST, °C) of the Arabian Sea (hollow circles) averaged over the basin (0°-25°N, 45°-80°E) and the sunspot Foltz, G.R.; Vialard, J.; PraveenKumar, B.; activity (dark circles). Broken-line is the trend line of SST, (b) February mean air McPhaden, M.J. temperature (°C) averaged over northwestern India and western Himalayas, (c) All India summer monsoon rain fall anomaly (red curve), 5-year running mean (black Sea surface temperature (SST) in curve) and integrated decadal anomaly (coloured rectangle blocks) the southwestern tropical Indian 15 Ocean exerts a significant surface shortwave radiation is influence on global climate highest and latent heat loss is through its influence on the Indian weakest. Horizontal heat advection summer monsoon and Northern provides warming during boreal Hemisphere atmospheric summer and fall, when circulation. In this study, southwestward surface currents measurements from a long-term and horizontal SST gradients are moored buoy are used in strongest, and is close to zero conjunction with satellite, in situ, during the remainder of the year. and atmospheric reanalysis Vertical turbulent mixing, datasets to analyze the seasonal estimated as a residual in the heat mixed layer heat balance in the balance, also undergoes a thermocline ridge region of the significant seasonal cycle. Cooling southwestern tropical Indian from this term is strongest in Ocean. This region is characterized boreal summer, when surface wind by a shallow mean thermocline (90 and buoyancy forcing are m, as measured by the 20ºC strongest, the thermocline ridge is isotherm) and pronounced shallow (<90 m), and the mixed seasonal cycles of Ekman pumping layer is deepening. These empirical and SST (seasonal ranges of -0.1 results provide a framework for to 0.6 m day -1 and 26º-29.5ºC, addressing intraseasonal and respectively). It is found that interannual climate variations, surface heat fluxes and horizontal which are dynamically linked to heat advection contribute the seasonal cycle, in the significantly to the seasonal cycle southwestern tropical Indian of mixed layer heat storage. The Ocean. They also provide a net surface heat flux tends to quantitative basis for assessing the warm the mixed layer throughout accuracy of numerical ocean model the year and is strongest during simulations in the region. boreal fall and winter, when 16 Observing and modelling the interaction between Indian Ocean, atmosphere and coastal seas (OMICS) The investigations carried out during the year fall into four categories: estuarine processes, tsunamis, air-sea interaction, and large-scale ocean dynamics. Research highlights include the following. (i) Observations in the Mandovi estuary show that this estuary (and, in general, monsoonal estuaries) is not of the classical, steady- state type typically found in other regions. A study of the characteristics of tidal propagation in Mandovi and Zuari estuaries shows that they are flood-dominant. (ii) Can undersea cables be used to detect tsunamis? (iii) Sea-surface temperature data from satellite-tracked drifting buoys show that the diurnal range is lowest during the summer monsoon and highest during spring. Data on Indian rainfall and convective systems in the northwest Pacific indicate a significant impact of the latter on the Gandhi, A.S. Indian monsoon. (iv) Studies of large-scale waves in the North Indian Ocean show Gopalkrishna, V.V. interannual variability of equatorial and coastal Kelvin waves in the equatorial and coastal waveguides. Analysis of altimeter data shows that in spite of the basin-wide Ramesh Kumar, M.R. presence of these waves, there are regions in the Indian Ocean where sea-level Shankar, D. variability is negligible at interannual periods. Model simulations are used to explain the existence of these variability minima. Unnikrishnan, A.S. Tidal asymmetry in the Mandovi and Zuari estuaries, the West Coast of India Manoj, N.T.; Unnikrishnan, A.S.; Sundar, D. Harmonic analysis of the observed and simulated tides in the Mandovi and Zuari estuaries along the west coast of India was carried out. Tidal constituents derived from this process were analyzed to study the tidal asymmetry in these estuaries. Sea level observations during March-April 2003 at 13 stations in the Mandovi and Zuari estuaries were used for the harmonic analysis. Simulations of tides were carried out using a hybrid network numerical model. The model could well simulate the amplitude and phase of five major tidal constituents (K11 , O , M 22 , N , S2 ) in almost all stations in the Mandovi and Zuari estuaries. Both observations and simulations show that the amplitude and phase of major diurnal and semidiurnal constituents increase toward the upstream regions. The increase of this predominant species toward the upstream regions shows that the Mandovi and Zuari estuaries are not frictionally dominated estuaries because amplification due to geometrical effects cancels the decay in amplitude due to friction. The rapid increase of the first and second harmonics of M2 Variation in amplitude (cm) and phase (degree) of observed (dotted line) and simulated (solid line) five and compound tides inside the major tidal diurnal and semidiurnal constituents in the Mandovi and Zuari estuaries 17 estuaries shows the nonlinear response of the Mandovi and Zuari estuarine systems to tidal forcing. The M42 /M amplitude ratio indicates that the tide is subjected to more asymmetry in the Zuari than that in the Mandovi estuary. The increase of the first harmonic of M2 and decrease of relative surface phase (2M24 - M ) inside the Mandovi and Zuari estuaries show that these estuaries are flood dominant estuaries. Can undersea voltage measurements detect tsunamis? Manoj, C.; Kuvshinov, A.; Neetu, S.; Harinarayana, T. The movement of electrically conducting ocean water in the ambient geomagnetic field induces secondary electric and magnetic fields in the oceans. Ocean water Observed dotted line and simulated solid line tides at different stations in the Mandovi during the wet and dry seasons are shown on the left and right panels, respectively; 72 hours on the left panel transport is now routinely inferred correspond to 0.0 hours 19/08/1993 and 72 hours on the right panel correspond to 0.0 hours 7/04/1993 from undersea cable voltage data. The scientists have tried to answer mixed tides with semidiurnal reasonably well during the wet the question whether the method dominance and heavy fresh water season. The simulated tidally could also be useful to detect influx during the southwest averaged salinities over the M2 tsunami. A barotropic shallow monsoon (June to September). tidal period for varying river water model along with a three- Previous observations of tides in discharges show that even a small dimensional electromagnetic these estuaries show that the tidal freshwater influx can affect the induction code was used to predict effects in the upstream regions are longitudinal distribution of salinity the electric fields induced by the subject to decay due to freshwater to a great extent in this type of Indian Ocean Tsunami occurred on influx during the southwest estuaries. December 26, 2004. It is shown monsoon. The longitudinal that the ocean flow related to the distribution of salinity in these Reduced near-surface Indian Ocean Tsunami must have estuaries undergoes large thermal inversions in 2005- induced electric voltages of the variations between the southwest 06 in the southeastern order of ±500 mV across the monsoon and the dry season Arabian Sea (Lakshadweep existing submarine cables in the (February to May). The main Sea) Indian Ocean. The electric fields objectives of the present study Nisha, K.; Rao, S.A.; Gopalakrishna, V.V.; induced by the Tsunami flow have were to simulate the tidal Rao, R.R.; Girishkumar, M.S.; Pankajakshan, T.; Ravichandran, M.; strength within the range of ±10 circulation, the longitudinal Rajesh, S.; Girish, K.; Johnson, Z.; distribution of salinity, and the mV/km, with enhancements along Anuradha, M.; Gavaskar, S.S.M.; Suneel, the main flow region and near the freshwater influence on tides and V.; Krishna, S.M. coasts and islands. Thus, making the salinity distribution. Another Repeat XBT transects made at use of the in-service or retired objective was to study the near-fortnightly intervals in the submarine cables to measure the intraseasonal variations of salinity Lakshadweep Sea (southeastern electric potential across oceans, it during the breaks in the southwest Arabian Sea) and ocean data may be possible to detect water monsoon. A hybrid network assimilation products are movement related to tsunami. numerical model was used for the present study to simulate the tidal examined to describe the year-to- Tidal circulation and salinity circulation and the salinity year variability in the observed distribution in the Mandovi distribution in these estuaries. The near-surface thermal inversions and Zuari estuaries: Case model reproduced observed tides during the winter seasons of 2002- study accurately during the dry and wet 06. Despite the existence of a large low-salinity water intrusion into Manoj, N.T.; Unnikrishnan, A.S. seasons. The model could reproduce the longitudinal the Lakshadweep Sea, there was The Mandovi and Zuari are two distribution of salinity well during an unusually lower number of near tropical estuaries along the west the dry season and the simulation surface thermal inversions during coast of India, characterized by of salinity distribution was the winter 2005/06 compared to 18 the other winters. The possible 2005. Thus, in winter 2005/06, (NWP) and monsoon activity over causative mechanisms are the combination of prolonged the Indian subcontinent has been examined. During the summer upwelling and stronger surface studied for the period 1951-2003. monsoon of 2005 and the following wind field resulting in anomalous It was found that no systems winter season, unusually heavy net surface heat loss caused formed over the NWP region about rainfall occurred over the weaker secondary warming of the 5 pentads prior to and 5 pentads southwestern Bay of Bengal and near-surface waters in the after the monsoon onset over the Lakshadweep Sea compared to Lakshadweep Sea. This led to a Kerala (MOK), southwest India. The other years in the study. weaker horizontal sea surface characteristics of these convective Furthermore, during the winter of temperature (SST) gradient systems such as frequency, 2005, both the East India Coastal between the Lakshadweep Sea and geographical location, duration of Current and the Winter Monsoon the intruding Bay of Bengal waters the systems and the direction of Current were stronger compared to and, hence, a reduced number of movement of the systems over the the other years, transporting larger thermal inversions compared to NWP have been examined in quantities of low salinity waters other winters despite the presence relation to breaks in monsoon from the Bay of Bengal into the of stronger vertical haline conditions over the Indian sub- Lakshadweep Sea where a stratification. continent during contrasting relatively cooler near-surface monsoon years. A see-saw nature thermal regime persisted owing to On the role of convective of convection between the NWP prolonged upwelling until systems over the northwest and north Indian Ocean was found November 2005. In addition, the Pacific and monsoon activity during the years with excess observed local surface wind field over the Indian subcontinent monsoon rainfall. It was also seen was relatively stronger, and the net RameshKumar, M.R.; Babu, A.K.; Reason, C. that the low level wind flow at 850 surface heat gain to the ocean was hPa was substantially more (less) The association between convective weaker over the Lakshadweep Sea and directed towards the Indian during the postmonsoon season of systems over the northwest Pacific XBT station locations for W23, W34, W45, W56 and W67 in the Lakshadweep Sea. Black and red dots represent XBT stations with and without temperature inversions respectively 19 On the diurnal ranges of sea surface temperature (SST) in the north Indian Ocean Shenoi, S.S.C.; Nasnodkar, N.; Rajesh, G.; Joseph, K.J.; Suresh, I.; Almeida, A.M. This study describes the variability in the diurnal range of SST in the north Indian Ocean using in situ measurements and tests the suitability of simple regression models in estimating the diurnal range. SST measurements obtained from 1556 drifting and 25 moored buoys were used to determine the diurnal range of SSTs. The magnitude of diurnal range of SST was highest in spring and lowest in summer monsoon. Except in spring, nearly 75-80% of the observations reported diurnal range below 0.5ºC. The distributions of the magnitudes of diurnal warming across the three basins of north Indian Ocean (Arabian Sea, Bay of Bengal and Tracks of systems over BB and NWP during the deficit monsoon composite Equatorial Indian Ocean) were similar except for the differences subcontinent (equatorial region) currents, whereas sea level at the between the Arabian Sea and the during the monsoon years that same location has a clear seasonal other two basins during November- experienced a rainfall excess signal. These observations can be February (winter monsoon) and (deficit). It was found that in the interpreted within the framework of May. The magnitude of diurnal deficit years and prolonged breaks linear wave theory. At 15ºN, the warming that depended on the in monsoon conditions, the minimum period for planetary location of temperature sensor majority of systems (about 69%) waves is ~ 90 day, meaning that below the water level varied with formed further south than in the intraseasonal energy is largely seasons. In spring, the magnitude case of excess monsoon years. The trapped at the coast in the form of of diurnal warming diminished maximum difference in the shift of poleward-propagating Kelvin drastically with the increase in the latitude (5.4º) and longitude (6.9º) waves, while lower-frequency depth of temperature sensor. The was observed in the peak monsoon signals associated with the annual diurnal range estimated using the month of July indicating the cycle can radiate offshore as drifting buoy data was higher than significant influence of the planetary waves. This dynamical the diurnal range estimated using convective systems over the difference results in a steeper moored buoys fitted with northwest Pacific Ocean on the offshore slope of sea level at temperature sensors at greater monsoon activity over the Indian intraseasonal timescale, and thus depths. A simple regression model subcontinent. This significant shift stronger geostrophic alongshore based on the peak solar radiation in the genesis of the cyclones over currents. A consequence is that the and average wind speed was good the NWP could be due to the shift alongshore currents are in-phase enough to estimate the diurnal in the low level jet. with intraseasonally-filtered sea range of SST at ~1.0 m in the north level near the coast, and a gridded Indian Ocean during most of the Intraseasonal response of satellite product is shown to seasons except under low wind- the northern Indian Ocean reproduce the current variations high solar radiation conditions that coastal waveguide to the reasonably well. The intraseasonal occur mostly during spring. The Madden-Julian Oscillation current variations along the west additional information on the rate of precipitation is found to be Vialard, J.; Shenoi, S.S.C.; McCreary, J.P.; coast of India are part of basin- Shankar, D.; Durand, F.; Fernando, V.; scale sea-level fluctuations of the redundant for the estimation of the Shetye, S.R. Northern Indian Ocean equatorial magnitude of diurnal warming at and coastal waveguides. The wind those depths. A new observational record of forcing associated with this basin upper-ocean currents at 15ºN on scale circulation closely matches the western coast of India is surface wind signals associated dominated by intraseasonal (55- with the Madden-Julian 110 day) variations of alongshore Oscillation. 20 Time-dependence of salinity in monsoonal estuaries Vijith, V.; Sundar, D.; Shetye, S.R. The theories and classification schemes commonly used for understanding estuarine dynamics often refer to a steady state of the estuary in which the salinity field is time-independent. In this state salinity-ingress into the estuary due to different processes (diffusion, gravity current formation, impact of tidal asymmetries, etc.) is balanced by salinity-egress induced by runoff. Here we point out that the salinity field of the estuaries that are located on the coasts of the Indian subcontinent and come under the influence of the Indian Summer Monsoon (ISM) is never in a steady state. We refer to such estuaries as ''monsoonal estuaries'', an example Wavelet Power (cm2) at 3-year priod averaged over 1993-2004, for altimeter data (top), model main run (MR; bottom) of which is the Mandovi estuary located on the west coast of India. The annual cycle of the salinity field in this estuary are described years 1993-2006 is examined downwelling Rossby waves and concluded that the essential utilizing all the available satellite triggered by the second unsteadiness of the salinity field and in-situ measurements. The downwelling Kelvin wave off the arises from two features of the Kelvin wave regime inferred from eastern rim of the BoB also shows runoff into it. First, most of the the satellite-derived sea surface large interannual variability in the runoff occurs as a series of height anomalies (SSHA) shows a near surface thermal structure episodes of highs and lulls spread distinct annual cycle composed of derived from SODA analysis. The over about 4 months of the wet two pairs of alternate upwelling strength of the equatorial summer monsoon. Second, the (first one occurring during westerlies driven by the east-west total runoff is large, well over an January-March and the second gradient of the heat sources in the order of magnitude larger than the one occurring during August- troposphere appears to be a critical estuarine volume. We define two September) and downwelling (first factor in determining the observed parameters to represent these two one occurring during April-June interannual variability of the features, and show that they can and the second one occurring second downwelling Kelvin wave in be used to distinguish the during October-December) Kelvin the wave guides of the equatorial monsoonal estuaries from others. waves that propagate eastward Indian Ocean, the coastal BoB, and along the equator and hit the the southeastern AS. Interannual variability of Sumatra coast and bifurcate. The Kelvin wave propagation in northern branches propagate Minima of interannual sea- the wave guides of the counter clockwise over varied level variability in the Indian equatorial Indian Ocean, the distances along the coastal wave Ocean coastal Bay of Bengal and guide of the BoB. The potential Shankar, D.; Aparna, S.G.; McCreary, J.P.; the southeastern Arabian mechanisms that contribute to the Suresh, I.; Neetu, S.; Durand, F.; Shenoi, S.S.C.; AlSaafani, M.A. Sea during 1993-2006 mid-way termination of the first upwelling and the first down Rao, R.R.; GirishKumar, M.S.; Wavelet analysis of altimeter sea Ravichandran, M.; Rao, A.R.; welling Kelvin waves in the level in the Indian Ocean shows Gopalakrishna, V.V.; Pankajakshan, T. waveguide of the BoB are regions of high variability (maxima) hypothesized. The second and low variability (minima) at all The observed variability of the downwelling Kelvin wave alone Kelvin waves and their propagation time scales. At interannual time reaches the southeastern AS, and scales, i.e., at periods of 17 months in the equatorial wave guide of the it shows large interannual Indian Ocean and in the coastal or more, minima are seen at variability caused primarily by several places: in the central wave guides of the Bay of Bengal similar variability in the equatorial (BoB) and the southeastern equatorial Indian Ocean; in the westerly winds during boreal fall. Arabian Sea along the south and Arabian Sea (AS) on seasonal to The westward propagating interannual time scales during west coasts of India and Sri Lanka, 21 along the northern boundary, in eastern boundary. At interannual the Gulf of Aden, and in patches periods, minima (maxima) of along the coast of Oman; and in interannual variability occur where the Bay of Bengal along the east the direct wind forcing and coasts of Sri Lanka and India reflected Rossby waves interfere south of ~ 10ºN, and in the destructively (constructively) were southern bay east of the Sri Lanka separated. At interannual periods thermal dome. The cause of these within the tropics, the adjustment interannual minima using a linear, time scale of the system is less continuously stratified numerical than that of the forcing, leading to model, which is able to simulate a quasi-steady balance, a property the observed minima was that distinguishes the interannual investigated. The forcing into a set minima from those at annual and of processes: direct forcing by semiannual time scales. Idealized winds in the interior ocean, forcing solutions show that the presence of by winds blowing along continental India causes the minimum along boundaries, and forcing by Rossby the Indian west coast, and that it waves generated by the reflection extends around the perimeter of of equatorial Kelvin waves at the the Arabian Sea into the Gulf of Aden. 22 Physical and biogeochemical dynamics of estuarine and coastal ecosystems along the east coast of India Dynamics of organic material in the environment are important as these substances Biswas, H. determine nature of biogeochemical processes in an aquatic environment. The Chakraborty, P. dynamics range from origin to decomposition of organic material with its transport and transformations in time and space. Biogeochemical processes are largely a Dileep Kumar, M. function of nature and quantum of organic material available in the system. Moturi, S.K. Implications of nature of organic compounds include facilitation of metal complexation, which determines not only metal ion availability to organisms but also Murty, T.V.R. its catalytic or toxicity levels. Availability and forms of organic matter also Reddy, N.P. determines the nature of microbial activity and its implications to material cycles in natural water bodies. Our experimental results on cadmium ion lability under Sadhuram, Y. changing pH and humic acid contents and field results on intense heterotrophic Sarma, V.V. activity fuelled by river discharged organic materials in Godavari in summer monsoon are presented here. Sarma, V.V.S.S. Study of cadmium-humic interactions and determination of stability constants of cadmium- humate complexes from their diffusion coefficients obtained by scanned stripping voltammetry and dynamic light scattering techniques Chakraborty, P. Diffusion coefficients of Cd–humate complexes are dependent on pH and [Cd]/[Humic] Acid (HA)] ratio in a Cd-HA system. These two factors mainly control the mass transport and complexation kinetics of Cd that may influence bioavailability and toxicity of Cd species in environmental systems. Determination of diffusion coefficients of Cd-HA systems by Scanned stripping voltammetry and dynamic light scattering techniques can provide a better Schematic diagram of humic acid at different pH. (A) At pH 5 humic acid molecules are aggregated understanding of the systems and due to neutralization of negative charges by H+. Cd remains mainly as free in the solution that can be very useful for extracting facilitated higher mobility and hence an increase the average diffusion coefficient was observed. (B) At pH 6, humic acid disaggregates to smaller molecules, with the availability of complexing sites for other speciation parameters of the Cd2+ ions to undergo complexation and resulting in the lowered average diffusion coefficient. (C) At systems. This study revealed that pH 7, humic acid does not disaggregate. However, Cd started to form inert complexes at this pH Cd2+ ion along with small dynamic Cd complexes was predominantly decreased with a decrease in system partially lost its lability at present in a Cd-HA system at pH 5 diffusion coefficients of Cd pH 7. Conditional stability with high diffusion coefficients. HA complexes at this pH due to constants were calculated for Cd- molecules were in aggregated form formation of Cd-humate humate complexes by combining at pH 5. However, HA molecules complexes. No further decrease in the diffusion coefficient data were in disaggregated form at pH 6 the hydrodynamic radii of HA was obtained by two techniques. The and concentrations of Cd2+ ion and observed with the increase of pH log K values calculated in this small Cd-dynamic complexes from 6 to 7. The Cd-humate study are in good agreement with 23 the data available from the μmol l -1 ) and dissolved inorganic associated with higher nutrient literature. phosphate (DIP, of 3-4 mmol l -1 ) concentrations and high DIN:DIP along with suspended materials ratios suggest possible external Influence of river discharge (0.2-0.5 g l -1 ) were found at the supply of nitrogen into the system. on plankton metabolic rates study region during the peak The mean photic zone productivity in the tropical monsoon discharge period. A net to respiration ratio (P:R) was 2.38 driven Godavari estuary, heterotrophy with low gross ±0.24 for the entire study period India primary production (GPP) occurred (September 2007-November 2008). Sarma, V.V.S.S.; Gupta, S.N.M.; Babu, during the peak discharge period. Nevertheless, the ratio of GPP to P.V.R.; Acharya, T.; Harikrishnachari, N.; The Chlorophyll a (Chl a) varied the entire water column respiration Vishnuvardhan, K.; Rao, N.S.; Reddy, between 4 and 18 mg m-3 that was only 0.14 ±0.02 revealing that N.P.C.; Sarma, V.V.; Sadhuram, Y.; Murty, reached maximum levels when primary production was not T.V.R.; Kumar, M.D. river discharge and suspended enough to support water column To examine the influence of river loads decreased by >75% heterotrophic activity. The excess discharge on plankton metabolic compared to that during peak carbon demand by the balance in a monsoon driven period. High productivity was heterotrophs could be met from the tropical estuary, daily variations in sustained for about one and half allochthonous inputs of mainly physico-chemical and nutrients months during October to terrestrial origin. Assuming that characteristics were studied over a November when net community the entire phytoplankton produced period of 15 months (September production (NCP) turned from net organic material was utilized, the 2007 to November 2008) at a fixed heterotrophy to autotrophy in the additional terrestrial organic location (Yanam) in the Godavari photic zone. Rapid decrease in carbon supported the total estuary, India. River discharge was nutrients (DIN and DIP by ~ 15 bacterial activity (97-99%) during at its peak during July to and 1.4μmol l -1 , respectively) was peak discharge period and 40-75% September with a sharp decrease observed during the peak Chl a during dry period. Therefore, large in the middle of December and period of two weeks. Chl a in the amount of terrestrial organic complete cessation thereafter. post monsoon (October–November) carbon is getting decomposed in Significant amount of dissolved was negatively related to river the Godavari estuarine system. inorganic nitrogen (DIN, of 22-26 discharge. Another peak in Chl a in January to February was 24 Atmospheric carbon dioxide sequestration through fertilization of a high-nutrients-low chlorophyll (HNLC) oceanic region with iron in combination with Biogeochemical and ecosystem responses to global climate change and anthropogenic perturbations, and transfers across interfaces in the north Indian Ocean with food and medicinal values Agnihotri, R. Biogeochemical processes in the northern Indian Ocean are globally significant due Kurian, S. to extensive water column oxygen-depletion that occurs both in the open ocean and Naik, H. over continental shelves. The work undertaken in the project dealt with various Naqvi, S.W.A. aspects of pelagic oxygen deficiency, namely, relative importance of denitrification and anaerobic ammonium oxidation in combined nitrogen loss, effects of hypoxia on Narvekar, P.V. coastal benthos, its historical records and nutrient cycling in the Mandovi estuary. Sardesai, S.D. Shenoy, D.M. tracer and 21.2 ±5.6 n moll -1 d -1 geochemical indicators (proxies) Denitrification exceeds 46 from the N O tracer) occurred at derived from such cores have been anammox as a nitrogen loss 2 the depth of the secondary nitrite used to reconstruct the pathway in the Arabian Sea maximum in the core of the OMZ. development of eutrophication and oxygen minimum zone 46 hypoxic conditions over time. The N2 O tracer was the most Bulow, S.E.; Rich, J.J.; Naik, H.; direct method to measure the Those based on (1) the preserved Pratihary, A.K.; Ward, B.B. denitrification rate. Rates of remains of benthic organisms The oxygen minimum zones denitrification correlated strongly (mainly foraminiferans and (OMZs) of the world oceans are with water column nitrite ostracods), (2) sedimentary sites of enhanced anaerobic concentration. Addition of organic features (e.g. laminations) and (3) nitrogen transformations, such carbon or ammonium did not sediment chemistry and that the largest OMZ, the Arabian consistently stimulate mineralogy (e.g. presence of Sea, is responsible for 30-50% of denitrification rates. Distribution of sulphides and redox-sensitive trace the oceanic water column fixed N anammox was patchy; low rates of elements) reflect conditions at or 29 close to the seafloor. Those based loss. Measurements of excess N2 anammox production of N2 15 on (4) the preserved remains of and nitrate deficits have been in NH-4 + incubations were detected interpreted to indicate a large net at only four of eleven depths. The planktonic organisms (mainly diatoms and dinoflagellates), (5) loss of fixed nitrogen through N2 highest rate of anammox production in waters with very low production (4.23 ±0.35 nmoll -1 d -1 ) pigments and lipid biomarkers derived from prokaryotes and oxygen concentrations. Rates of N2 occurred near the upper boundary production both by denitrification of the OMZ at one station. Overall, eukaryotes and (6) organic C, N and their stable isotope ratios and anaerobic ammonium denitrification dominated N2 oxidation (anammox) were production at this time in the reflect conditions in the water 15 column. However, the investigated by measuring N-N2 Arabian Sea OMZ. 15 + 15 - interpretation of these indicators is production from NH42 , NO , and 46 not straight forward. A central N2 O in incubations at 3-4 depths Historical records of coastal at each of the three stations in the eutrophication-induced difficulty concerns the fact that central region of the Arabian Sea hypoxia hypoxia is strongly correlated with, and often induced by, organic OMZ. In addition to conventional Gooday, A.J.; Jorissen, F.; Levin, L.A.; measurements of anammox and Middelburg, J.J.; Naqvi, S.W.A.; Rabalais, enrichment caused by denitrification rates from N.N.; Scranton, M.; Zhang, J. eutrophication, making it difficult to separate the effects of these incubations in 12ml exetainers Under certain conditions, sediment phenomena in sediment records. purged with He, the effect of cores from coastal settings subject The problem is compounded by the ammonium and organic carbon to hypoxia can yield records of enhanced preservation in anoxic additions on N2 production rate is environmental changes over time and hypoxic sediments of organic also studied. Denitrification was scales ranging from decades to microfossils and biomarkers detected at every depth at every millennia, sometimes with a indicating eutrophication. The use station; the maximum rate (25.3 resolution of as little as a few -1 -1 15 of hypoxia-specific proxies, such as ±9.1 n mol l d from the NO2 years. A variety of biological and the trace metals molybdenum and 25 filamentous sulfide oxidizing bacteria cover the seabed and consume sulfide. They are hypothesized to provide a detoxified microhabitat for eukaryotic benthic communities. Calcareous foraminiferans and nematodes are particularly tolerant of low oxygen concentrations and may attain high densities and dominance, often in association with microbial mats. When oxygen is sufficient to support metazoans, small, soft-bodied invertebrates (typically annelids), often with short generation times and elaborate branchial structures, predominate. Large taxa are more sensitive than small taxa to hypoxia. Crustaceans and echinoderms are typically more sensitive to hypoxia, with lower oxygen thresholds, than annelids, sipunculans, molluscs and cnidarians. Mobile fish and shellfish will migrate away from low-oxygen areas. Within a species, early life stages may be more Trends in faunal and environmental parameters in cores from the Louisiana coast, west of the subject to oxygen stress than older Mississippi River delta. (a) The ratio between the abundance of Ammonia and Elphidium (A–E index) life stages. Hypoxia alters both the in three cores (C10, E30, G27), and the percentage abundance of Buliminella (G27). (b) Shannon- Wiener diversity index (SWDI) for foraminiferans and ostracods and the percentage of the mineral structure and function of benthic glauconite among the coarser sediment grains. (c) Frequency of biologically bound silica (BSi) in core communities, but effects may differ E30 and organic carbon accumulation rate. (d) Nitrogen fertilizer use in the Mississippi River basin with regional hypoxia history. and land drainage. (e) Nitrate concentration in the lower Mississippi River and lower Mississippi River discharge. ( Reprinted from Ecological Applications, Vol. 15, supplement, Rabalais, N. N., Turner, R. Human-caused hypoxia is E., Sen Gupta, B. K., Platon, E., and Parsons, M.L.: Sediments tell the history of eutrophication and generally linked to eutrophication, hypoxia in the northern Gulf of Mexico, S129–S143, 2007, with permission from The Ecological and occurs adjacent to watersheds Society of America. ) Yasuhara et al. (2007) described changes in ostracod abundance with large populations or rhenium and the bacterial Effects of natural and agricultural activities. Many biomarker isorenieratene, together human-induced hypoxia on occurrences are seasonal, within with multi-proxy approaches, may coastal benthos estuaries, fjords or enclosed seas of the North Atlantic and the NW provide a way forward. All proxies Levin, L.A.; Ekau, W.; Gooday, A.J.; of bottom-water hypoxia are Jorissen, F.; Middelburg, J.J.; Naqvi, Pacific Oceans. Benthic faunal basically qualitative; their S.W.A.; Neira, C.; Rabalais, N.N.; Zhang, J. responses, elicited at oxygen levels -1 quantification presents a major below 2 ml L , typically involve Coastal hypoxia (defined here as challenge to which there is -1 -1 avoidance or mortality of large <1.42 ml L ; 62.5μM; 2 mg L , ~. currently no satisfactory solution. species and elevated abundances 30% oxygen saturation) develops Finally, it is important to separate of enrichment opportunists, seasonally in many estuaries, the effects of natural ecosystem sometimes prior to population fjords, and along open coasts as a variability from anthropogenic crashes. Areas of low oxygen result of natural upwelling or from effects. Despite these problems, in persist seasonally or continuously anthropogenic eutrophication the absence of historical data for beneath upwelling regions, induced by riverine nutrient dissolved oxygen concentrations, associated with the upper parts of inputs. Permanent hypoxia occurs the analysis of sediment cores can oxygen minimum zones (SE Pacific, naturally in some isolated seas and provide plausible reconstructions W Africa, N Indian Ocean). These marine basins as well as in open of the temporal development of have a distribution largely distinct slope oxygen minimum zones. human induced hypoxia, and from eutrophic areas and support Responses of benthos to hypoxia associated eutrophication, a resident fauna that is adapted to depend on the duration, invulnerable coastal environments. survive and reproduce at oxygen predictability, and intensity of -1 concentrations <0.5 ml L . Under oxygen depletion and on whether both natural and eutrophication H S is formed. Under suboxic 2 caused hypoxia there is loss of conditions, large mats of diversity, through attrition of 26 intolerant species and elevated dominance, as well as reductions in body size. These shifts in species composition and diversity yield altered trophic structure, energy flow pathways, and corresponding ecosystem services such as production, organic matter cycling and organic C burial. Increasingly the influences of nature and humans interact to generate or exacerbate hypoxia. A warmer ocean is more stratified, holds less oxygen, and may experience greater advection of oxygen-poor source waters, making new regions subject to hypoxia. Future understanding of benthic responses to hypoxia must be established in the context of global climate change and other human influences such as overfishing, pollution, disease, habitat loss, and species invasions. Denitrifying bacterial community composition changes associated with stages of denitrification in oxygen minimum zones Jayakumar, D.A.; O'Mullan, G.D.; Naqvi, S.W.A.; Ward, B.B. Denitrification in the ocean is a The stages of denitrification. (a) Cartoon representing relative concentrations of nitrate, nitrite, and major sink for fixed nitrogen in the molecular nitrogen as a function of stage of denitrification. (b) Variation in H ‘ with stage of denitrification. Data include nirK (open triangles) and nirS (square), coastal [21] and open ocean global N budget, but the process is (SK209), and samples from both bag incubations and in situ conditions. (c) Dominance index for all geographically restricted to a few samples in b oceanic regions, including three oceanic oxygen minimum zones (OMZ) and hemipelagic sediments progression occurs in the natural temporally restricted blooms that worldwide. The diversity and environment as well as in enclosed account for a disproportionate community composition of incubations. The emergence of share of these processes microbes responsible for dominants from a vast reservoir of worldwide. denitrification in the OMZ using rare types has implications for the Denitrification as the polymerase chain reaction, maintenance of diversity of the dominant nitrogen loss sequence and fragment analysis of microbial population and suggests process in the Arabian Sea clone libraries of the signature that a small number of microbial genes (nirK and nirS) that encode dominants may be responsible for Ward, B.B.; Devol, A.H.; Rich, J.J.; Chang, B.X.; Bulow, S.E.; Naik, H.; the enzyme nitrite reductase, the greatest rates of Pratihary, A.K.; Jayakumar, A. responsible for key denitrification transformations involving nitrous transformation steps is described. oxide and global fixed nitrogen Primary production in over half of It is shown that denitrifying loss. Denitrifying blooms, driven by the world's oceans is limited by assemblages vary in space and a few types responding to episodic fixed nitrogen availability. The time and exhibit striking changes environmental changes and main loss term from the fixed in diversity associated with the distributed unevenly in time and nitrogen inventory is the progression of denitrification from space, are consistent with the production of dinitrogen gas (N2 ) by initial anoxia through nitrate sampling effect model of diversity- heterotrophic denitrification or the depletion. The initial denitrifying function relationships. Canonical more recently discovered assemblage is highly diverse, but denitrification thus appears to autotrophic process, anaerobic succession on the scale of 3-12 have important parallels with both ammonia oxidation (anammox). days leads to a much less diverse primary production and nitrogen Oceanic oxygen minimum zones assemblage and dominance by one fixation, which are typically (OMZ) are responsible for about or a few phylotypes. This dominated by regionally and 35% of oceanic N2 production and 27 variability in carbon supply may be responsible for the different contributions of denitrification and anammox in these two OMZs. The large contribution of denitrification to N2 loss in the Arabian Sea indicates the global significance of denitrification to the oceanic nitrogen budget. Benthic fluxes in a tropical estuary and their role in the ecosystem Pratihary, A.K.; Naqvi, S.W.A.; Naik, H.; Thorat, B.R.; Narvenkar, G.; Manjunatha, B.R.; Rao, V.P. In-situ measurements of benthic fluxes of oxygen and nutrients were made in the subtidal region of the Mandovi estuary during premonsoon and monsoon seasons to understand the role of sediment- water exchange processes in the estuarine ecosystem. The Mandovi estuary is a shallow, highly dynamic, macrotidal estuary which experiences marine condition in the premonsoon season and nearly fresh water condition in the monsoon season. The benthic flux of nutrients exhibited strong seasonality, being higher in the premonsoon compared to the monsoon season which explains the higher ecosystem productivity in the dry season in spite of negligible riverine nutrient input. NH4 + was the major form of Chemical profiles for experimental stations in the Arabian Sea and ETSP. Oxygen (dotted traces), released N comprising 70–100% of nitrate (crosses), and nitrite (circle) concentrations at two stations in the Arabian Sea (a, b) and two in DIN flux. The benthic respiration the ETSP off Peru (c, d). Solid lines are smoothed curves connecting the data. (a) Station 1, 19ºN, 67º E, bottom depth 3,100 m. (b) Station 2, 15ºN, 64ºE, bottom depth 3,930 m. (c) Station 9, 15º 38ºS, 75º rate varied from -98.91 to -35.13 -2 -1 + 08’ W, bottom depth 977 m. (d) Station 24, 12º 15’S, 79º 18’W, bottom depth 4,899 m. Arrows indicate mmol m d , NH4 flux from 5.15 depths where denitrification and anammox rates were measured -2 -1 - - to 0.836 mmol m d , NO32 + NO from 0.06 to -1.06 mmol m -2 d -1 , up to half of that occurs in the of eight experiments in the Arabian DIP from 0.12 to 0.23 mmol m -2 d -1 Arabian Sea. Although Sea denitrification is responsible 4- and SiO4 from 5.78 to 0.41 mmol -2 -1 denitrification was long thought to for 87-99% of the total N2 m d between premonsoon to be the only loss term, it has production. The dominance of monsoon period. The estuarine recently been argued that denitrification is reproducible sediment acted as a net source of anammox alone is responsible for using two independent isotope DIN in the premonsoon season, but fixed nitrogen loss in the OMZs. incubation methods. In contrast, changed to a net sink in the Here we measure denitrification anammox is dominant in the monsoon season. Variation in and anammox rates and quantify Eastern Tropical South Pacific + salinity seemed to control NH4 flux the abundance of denitrifying and OMZ, as detected using one of the considerably. Macrofaunal anammox bacteria in the OMZ isotope incubation methods, as activities, especially bioturbation, regions of the Eastern Tropical previously reported. The enhanced the fluxes 2-25 times. South Pacific and the Arabian Sea. abundance of denitrifying bacteria The estuarine sediment was It is found that denitrification always exceeded that of anammox observed to be a huge reservoir of rather than anammox dominates bacteria by up to 7- and 19-fold in + 4 3- 4- NH44 , PO and SiO and acted as the Eastern Tropical South Pacific the N2 loss term in the Arabian a net sink of combined N because Sea, the largest and most intense and Arabian Sea, respectively. of the high rate of benthic OMZ in the world ocean. In seven Geographic and temporal 28 Seasonal changes in the pore water profiles in the estuary 25% and 55% of algal N, P and Si denitrification as it could remove demand, respectively, in the 22% of riverine DIN influx thereby estuary. Based on these protecting the ecosystem from observations it has been eutrophication and consequent hypothesize that it is mainly degradation. The estuarine benthic NH+ efflux that sustains sediment was responsible for 4 high estuarine productivity in the ~30-50% of the total community NO- depleted dry season. respiration in the estuary. The 3 3- benthic supply of DIN, PO4 and 4- SiO4 can potentially meet 49%, 29 Bioprospecting and biotechnology of marine microorganisms The research on microbial ecology and our searches for novel marine microbes have been yielding substantive insights. We have been able to carry out molecular analyses to decipher phylogenetic diversity of bacteria, fungi and yeasts. Ecological Cathrine, S.J. studies on autotrophic assemblages have also been carried out with a view to Damare, S. describe their taxonomic composition. These investigations have led to further steps of looking at harnessing their genetic/molecular diversity for bio-prospecting. For Dhale MA instance, fungal ligninases and laccases were studied and evaluated for reducing Khandeparkar, R.D.S. color, phenolics and COD from factory effluents. Arsenite bioremediation potential of metal tolerant marine bacteria was evaluated. We have been able to collect and Mohandas, C. study marine microbes capable of pollution clean up, de-inking to help re-use printed Ramaiah, N. papers, producing antibiotics, and yielding high quantities of certain industrially useful enzymes. Ravindran, C. Morphometry and cell Arsenite tolerance and Enterobacteriaceae, Pseudomonas, volumes of diatoms from a biotransformation potential Corynebaterium, Xanthomonas, tropical estuary of India in estuarine bacteria Acinetobacter, Flavimonas and Micrococcus. Some of these RaviKumar, M.S.; Ramaiah, N.; Tang, D. Nagvenkar, G.S.; Ramaiah, N. environmental strains tolerant to Cell volumes and per cell carbon Bacterial isolates from water and 1,000 ppm arsenic were tested to contents of different diatoms (10 sediment samples from freshwater, realize their potential to detoxify centric, 14 pennate and 1 estuarine and marine regions were arsenic. The rate of As dinoflagellate) collected from Dona tested for their growth in the biotransformation was faster by Paula Bay in the central west coast presence of different many of these strains. The percent of India have been analyzed. concentrations of arsenic. Despite of arsenite biotransformed/ Morphometric information on the the generation times being longer removed from the growth medium phytoplankton types recovered in case of all bacterial isolates was the highest by a strain of through many replicate samples tested in nutrient broth with 200 Enterobacteriaceae (as much as 3+ for calculating the cell volumes and ppm Arsenite (As ), many of them 92% of the As in the growth to estimate per cell carbon content were able to attain log phase and medium by 120 h) followed by that has been presented. The data on substantial growth variously of Corynebaterium and the above aspects are of great between 36 and 96 h. The isolates Acinetobacter strains. From these significance for instance for tolerating is 200 ppm arsenic (As) observations it is clear that many comparison of data from different were found to belong to geographic locations. Cell dimensions of all identified plankton species comprising diatoms (90% of total cell counts), dinoflagellates (1%) and others (9% of total cell counts) were recorded for calculating per cell carbon content of the observed species. The carbon content, while correlating positively with increasing cell size of phytoplankton species recorded, was found to be directly dependant on cell volume. The study elucidates that the use of a standardized species list with fixed size-classes and bio volume will be necessary for a realistic measurement of carbon contents. This study also suggests that morphometric measurements are necessary for obtaining dependable Percent of arsenic biotransformed from the growth medium by bacterial isolates FW1 and FW3 estimations of cell volumes and (Enterobacteriaceae); FW2 (Pseudomonas sp.); ES9 (Micrococcus sp.); FW4 (Corynebacterium sp.) carbon contents. and EW6 (Acinetobacter sp.) 30 environmental strains are capable aplanochytrid cells fed to copepods by LC50 values against Artemia of quite rapid biotransformation of were grazed and could larvae and 70-80% reduction in As. Contamination of drinking subsequently be detected in the chemical oxygen demand and total water by toxic metalloid arsenic animals. ISH on natural samples of phenolics. Mass spectrometric affects thousands of people zooplankton yielded a positive but scan of effluents after fungal worldwide. Many environmental diffuse reaction in copepods, while treatment revealed degradation of isolates of bacteria which detoxify cells resembling aplanochytrids most of the components. The this metalloid would serve were detected within chaetognaths. ascomycetes appeared to remove beneficial in the depuration ISH using streptavidin-peroxidase color primarily by adsorption, processes. It is suggested that only conjugate lent further support for whereas laccase played a major such strains capable of high their presence within role in decolorization by tolerance to toxic arsenite, would chaetognaths. This study suggests basidiomycetes. A process biotransform As in polluted the predominant occurrence of A. consisting of a combination of estuarine environments and would kerguelensis in association with sorption by fungal biomass of an prove useful in As bioremediation mesozooplankton of the equatorial ascomycete and biodegradation by applications. Indian Ocean, particularly with laccase from a basidiomycete was chaetognaths. Further studies are used in two separate steps or Association of the suggested to determine whether simultaneously for bioremediation stramenopilan protists, the genetically distinct populations of of these two effluents. aplanochytrids, with A. kerguelensis are associated with zooplankton of the chaetognaths in oceanic waters Fungal diversity in oxygen- equatorial Indian Ocean and if such an association is depleted regions of the Damare, V.; Raghukumar, S. parasitic, mutualistic or Arabian Sea revealed by commensalistic. targeted environmental Thraustochytrids and sequencing combined with aplanochytrids, belonging to the Four marine-derived fungi cultivation Labyrinthulomycetes of the for bioremediation of raw Jebaraj, C.S.; Raghukumar, C.; Behnke, Kingdom Stramenopila, have been textile mill effluents A.; Stoeck, T. frequently reported to occur as Verma, A.K.; Raghukumar, C.; Verma, P.; In order to study fungal diversity in parasites or symbionts in a Shouche, Y.S.; Naik, C.G. number of coastal invertebrates. oxygen minimum zones of the Given the fact that these protists Textile dye effluents pose Arabian Sea, we analyzed 1440 are widespread in coastal and environmental hazards because of cloned small subunit rRNA gene oceanic waters, it is possible that color and toxicity. Bioremediation (18S rRNA gene) sequences they are also associated with of these has been widely obtained from environmental pelagic zooplankton. This study attempted. However, their widely samples using three different PCR examines their occurrence in differing characteristics and high primer sets. Restriction fragment zooplankton from equatorial waters salt contents have required length polymorphism (RFLP) of the Indian Ocean. A total of 171 application of different analyses yielded 549 distinct RFLP of 2100 individual specimens of microorganisms and high patterns, 268 of which could be zooplankton yielded dilutions. The decolorization and assigned to fungi (Dikarya and Labyrinthulomycetes in culture, detoxification of two raw textile zygomycetes) after sequence the colony morphology and/or life effluents, with extreme variations analyses. The remaining 281 RFLP cycles of which corresponded to in their pH and dye composition, patterns represented a variety of aplanochytrids. Small-subunit used at 20-90% concentrations by nonfungal taxa, even when using ribosomal DNA (SSU rDNA) each of the four marine-derived putatively fungal-specific primers. sequence analysis of 8 of the fungi was reported . Textile effluent A substantial number of fungal isolates placed them in a distinct A (TEA) contained an azo dye and sequences were closely related to clade among aplanochytrids, but had a pH of 8.9 and textile effluent environmental sequences from a closest to Aplanochytrium B (TEB) with a pH of 2.5 contained range of other anoxic marine yorkensis or A. kerguelensis. The 8 a mixture of eight reactive dyes. habitats, but distantly related to isolates were further segregated The fungi isolated from mangroves known sequences of described into 2 clusters, corresponding to and identified by 18S and ITS fungi. Community similarity isolates obtained from 2 different sequencing corresponded to two analyses suggested distinctively seasons. Biotinylated probes for 2 ascomycetes and two different structures of fungal isolates of A. kerguelensis from the basidiomycetes. Each of these communities from normoxic sites, 2 different seasons were developed fungi decolorized TEA by 30-60% seasonally anoxic sites and based on internal transcribed and TEB by 33-80% used at 20- permanently anoxic sites, spacer (ITS) sequences. In situ 90% concentrations and salinity of suggesting different adaptation hybridization (ISH) of zooplankton 15 ppt within 6 days. This was strategies of fungal communities to using the probes with streptavidin- accompanied by two to threefold prevailing oxygen conditions. alkaline phosphatase showed that reduction in toxicity as measured Additionally, we obtained 26 fungal 31 cultures from the study sites, most of which were closely related (497% sequence similarity) to well- described Dikarya. This indicates that standard cultivation mainly produces more of what is already known. However, two of these cultures were highly divergent to known sequences and seem to represent novel fungal groups on high taxonomic levels. Interestingly, none of the cultured isolates is identical to any of the environmental sequences obtained. This study demonstrates the importance of a multiple-primer approach combined with cultivation to obtain deeper insights into the true fungal diversity in environmental samples and to enable adequate intersample comparisons of fungal communities. A thermostable metal- tolerant laccase with bioremediation potential from a marine-derived Decolorization of Congo Red (a), Trypan Blue (b), Methylene Blue (c), and Aniline Blue (d) by MTCC 5159 in plate assay fungus DeSouza-Ticlo, D.; Sharma, D.; Raghukumar, C. basidiomycetes. It contained an N- CCR1 in the effects of CpG-ODNs Laccase, an oxidoreductive linked glycan content of 17 %. The on macrophage/microglial cells are enzyme, is important in optimum pH and temperature for investigated. CpG-ODNs enhanced bioremediation. Although marine Lac IId were 3 and 70ºC, the expression of TLR9 mRNA of fungi are potential sources of respectively, the half-life at 70ºC RAW264.7 macrophage and BV2 enzymes for industrial being 90 min. The enzyme was microglia cells time dependently. applications, they have been most stable at pH 9 and retained The expression of CCL9 of inadequately explored. The fungus greater than 60 % of its activity up macrophages/microglia showed MTCC 5159, isolated from to 180 min at 50ºC and 60ºC. The different responsiveness upon decaying mangrove wood and enzyme was not inhibited by Pb, stimulation with a variety of CpG- identified as Cerrena unicolor Fe, Ni, Li, Co, and Cd at 1 mmol. ODN sequences. The CpG-ODNs- based on the D1/D2 region of 28S This is the first report on the mediated induction of CCL9 was and the 18S ribosomal DNA characterization of thermostable TLR9/MyD88 dependent and sequence, decolorized several metal-tolerant laccase from a associated with activation of stress synthetic dyes. Partially purified marine-derived fungus with a kinases, particularly ERK, p38 laccase reduced lignin content potential for industrial application. MAPK and PI3K. The expression of from sugarcane bagasse pulp by CCR1 was also significantly 36 % within 24h at 30ºC. Laccase CpG-ODNs induces up- increased by CpG-ODNs that was the major lignin-degrading regulated expression of increased CCL9 expression. These enzyme (~ 24,000 U L -1 ) produced chemokine CCL9 in mouse results reveal the potential when grown in low-nitrogen macrophages and microglia involvement of CCL9 and CCR1 in medium with half-strength Ravindran, C.; Cheng, Y.-C.; Liang, S.-M. regulation of macrophage and seawater. Three laccases, Lac I, microglial cells by CpG-ODNs and Unmethylated CpG Lac II, and Lac III, of differing may help improving our oligodeoxynucleotides (CpG-ODNs) molecular masses were produced. understanding about the role of interact with Toll-like receptor Each of these, further resolved into the chemokine/chemokine receptor (TLR) 9 to activate four isozymes by anion exchange pairs in macrophage/microglia macrophage/microglia in central chromatography. The N terminal under physiologic and pathologic nervous system (CNS). The amino acid sequence of the major conditions. potential involvement of the isozyme, Lac IId showed 70-85 % chemokine CCL9 and its receptor homology to laccases from 32 Pigment and amylase production in Penicillium sp NIOM-02 and its radical scavenging activity Dhale, M.A.; VijayRaj, A.S. Penicillium sp NIOM-02 was isolated from the marine sediment, produced red pigment. The pigment extracted from this fungus scavenged 2, 2-diphenyl-1- pycrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical. Penicillium sp NIOM-02 grown in media containing corn steep liquor scavenged 72-88% of DPPH radical. During solid-state fermentation on wheat (S1), the fungus produced more pigment (9.232 OD Units). Penicillium sp NIOM-02 grown on sugarcane bagasse scavenged 91% of DPPH radicals. It secreted more amylase (246 U mg -1 ) in culture medium No. 5 and the zymogram analysis revealed its molecular mass (53 kDa). The taka-amylase like character of amylase was Variations in dinoflagellate cell counts and chlorophyll a concentration in the surface determined by acarbose waters from September 2007 to September 2008 at different sampling locations off Goa, west coast of India incorporated studies in the culture media. Production of pigment and radical scavenging activity of Spatio-temporal variability of Penicillium sp NIOM-02, suggested dinoflagellate assemblages its applications in food, in different salinity regimes pharmaceuticals and nutraceutical in the west coast of India industries. Alkawri, A.A.S.; Ramaiah, N. General abundance and species composition of dinoflagellate community in different salinity gradients along the coast of Goa (west coast of India) were studied with a view to understand the annual variations in particular the toxic species. Regular monthly samples were collected from the inter-tidal regions for elucidating the effect of physical and chemical parameters on dinoflagellate assemblage at four disparate locations in terms of their salinity. From this 13-month study, a total number of 25 dinoflagellate species were identified. Of these, 10 are known toxic species. Ceratium furca was the most dominant dinoflagellate species at all four sampling locations throughout the year. Its highest number, 5763 -1 UV-Visible spectra of pigment produced by Penicillium sp IOM-02 grown on different solid substrate cells l , were observed during medium (S1–S6) September 2008 at the estuarine sampling location off Siridao. The toxic species, Alexandrium 33 minutum (1171 cells l-1 ) followed by copepod species were groups of human pathogenic Dinophysis acuminata (838 cells l-1 ) carnivorous/omnivorous vis-a-vis bacteria and their seasonal were found to attain maximum cell mostly herbivores in the Western variations in different locations in numbers among the 10 different Bay. Pleuromamma indica Mandovi and Zuari Rivers in the toxic species detected from the increased to its maximum central west coast of India. The study area. It is apparent from our abundance at 18ºN in the Central sampling covered the estuarine results that the distribution of both Bay, coinciding with the lowest and upstream regions of these general and toxic dinoflagellate dissolved oxygen concentrations. rivers representing premonsoon species in the study area is The Central Bay had higher (May 2005), monsoon (September affected due to variations in mesozooplankton biomass, 2006) and post-monsoon physico-chemical parameters, in copepod species richness and (November 2005). Both the particular temperature, salinity diversity than in the Western Bay. abundance and types of and nitrate that in turn are Although zooplankton biomass and autochthonous and allochthonous governed by the monsoonal densities were greater at the eddy microbial populations in the near dynamics. stations, correlation between shore environments are affected by zooplankton and Chl a was not land drainages, domestic sewage Mesozooplankton statistically significant. It appears outfalls and other discharges. The community in the Bay of that the grazer mesozooplankton overall ranges (and their mean Bengal (India): Spatial rapidly utilize the enhanced abundance; no. ml-1 ) of the variability during the phytoplankton production in cold- monitored groups of bacteria were: summer monsoon core eddies. total coliforms: 0-29, 047 -1 Fernandes, V.; Ramaiah, N. (3,134-ml ); total streptococci: Abundance of sewage- 3-14,597 (798); total vibrios: This study addresses the spatial pollution indicator and 13-42,275 (2,530); Escherichia coli: variability in mesozooplankton human pathogenic bacteria 0-1,333 (123); Vibrio cholerae: biomass and composition in the in a tropical estuarine 0-3,012 (207); Salmonella spp: Central and Western Bay of Bengal complex 0-1,646 (90); Streptococcus (India) during the summer Nagvenkar, G.S.; Ramaiah, N. faecalis: 0-613 (88) and Aeromonas monsoon season of 2001. spp: 0-2,760 (205). In general, Perennially warmer sea surface Studies on abundance and types of abundance of sewage pollution temperatures (>28ºC), stratified top various pollution indicator indicator bacteria such as total layer (sea surface salinity, 28-33 bacterial populations from tropical coliforms and total streptococci psu), high turbidity, and low estuaries are rare. This study was was lower than that reported from nutrient concentrations due to aimed to estimate current levels of many other locations worldwide. weak/null upwelling and light pollution indicator as well as many limitation make the Bay of Bengal a region of low primary productivity. Despite this, mesozooplankton biomass values, i.e. 2.9-104 mg C m-3 in the Central Bay and 1.3-31 mg C m-3 in the Western Bay, observed in the mixed layer (2-51 m) during the summer monsoon were in the same range as reported from the more productive Arabian Sea. Mesozooplankton biomass was five times and density 18 times greater at stations with signatures of cold- core eddies, causing a higher spatial heterogeneity in zooplankton distribution. Among the 27 taxonomic groups recorded during the season, Copepoda was Total direct counts (TDC) of bacteria in water samples collected from Mandovi–Zuari estuarine complex during different seasons the most abundant group in all samples followed by Chaetognatha. The dominant order of Copepoda, Calanoida, was represented by 132 species in a total of 163 species recorded. Oncaea venusta was the key copepod species in the Bay. In the Central Bay, the predominant 34 Habitat Ecology, controlled reproduction and conservation of marine organisms with food and medicinal values Ansari, Z.A. Studies on the reproductive efficiency and influence of exogenous variables such as Sreepada, A.R. light intensity, ingestion, rate, digestion period, salinily tolerance on growth and survival of pelagic phase juveniles and mass culture of three-spotted seahorse, Hippocampus trimaculatus. The studies highlighted that the light intensity influences greatly the survival in the rearing of pelagic phase juveniles. Optimal size of prey organisms for different stages of growth of laboratory reared H. trimaculatus were determined. The protocols and feeding regimes followed in the mass rearing of three spotted seahorse will help in developing a sound hatchery and culture techniques for commercially important and fast dwindling seahorse species. Endosulfan, an organochlorine pesticide is extensively used to control pests in agriculture and horticulture and the use of endosulfan has increased considerably in the recent years. A study was carried out to assess the effect of sublethal doses of endosulfan on concentrations of biomolecules (protein, carbohydrate, glycogen, free sugar and lipids) in economically important penaeid shrimp, Metapenaeus monoceros. This species is one of the major species occurring in coastal waters, estuaries and traditional aquaculture ponds. The study revealed that the concentrations of biomolecules were affected significantly when shrimps were exposed to sublethal doses of endosulfan. There is a need to regulate the use of endosulfan in agriculture and horticulture. Breeding and mass-scale below 26 and 17 ppt, respectively. rearing of three spotted The average growth rates peaked seahorse, Hippocampus during 1530 DAB (Ht, 1.64 mm trimaculatus Leach under day-1 ). The first sign of maturity in captive conditions male (pouch development) and Murugan, A.; Dhanya, S.; Sreepada, R.A.; female (dropping of egg clutch) was Rajagopal, S.; Balasubramanian, T. noticed at 95 DAB and 115 DAB, respectively. The sex ratio of Recent establishment of cultured seahorses skewed towards techniques for captive breeding Survival of juveniles under different light female (1:1.2) and differed and closure of the life cycle of some intensities during the pelagic phase rearing of significantly from equality (P>0.05). seahorse species is expected to Hippocampus trimaculatus. Vertical bars indicate standard deviation (n=3) Mean number of newborn juveniles help in achieving the twin released by first mated males was objectives of reducing pressure on 65 ±20 juveniles seahorse -1 (n=9 wild stocks as well as providing released) was observed when pairs) and egg clutch droppings by alternative subsistence livelihoods parent seahorses were fed with newly matured females was 45 ±17 to fisher-folk currently involved in amphipods (Eriopisa spp.) (P<0.05). eggs seahorse -1 (n=21) in F2 seahorse fishing. The relatively The survival of pelagic phase generation. Maximum height (Ht) higher fishing pressure on the juveniles reared under three attained at the end of the culture three-spotted seahorse, different light intensities (1000, period of 26 weeks was 125 mm Hippocampus trimaculatus Leach, 1500 and 2000 lx) differed with no significant difference in one of the commercially important significantly (P<0.05) with 2000 lx growth between the sexes (P>0.05). species sought in traditional resulting in the highest survival Mean growth attained (Ht, 119.9 Chinese medicine, necessitated the (77.3 ±3.1%). An ontogenetic shift ±15.3 mm) and survival rate need to develop techniques for in feeding behaviour from rotifer to achieved (65%) at the end of 26 captive breeding and mass-scale copepod nauplii was observed in weeks of mass-scale rearing are rearing for conservation and >2 DAB (days after birth) old comparable with reports on other aquaculture purposes. Data on the juveniles. Estimated digestion seahorse species. It is expected reproductive efficiency of captive period (DP) in 6 DAB old juveniles that the results of this study could brood stock and the effect of was 3 h 20 m and the DP reduced guide future programmes in exogenous factors (light intensity, as the juveniles grew in size. hatchery technology and prey type, ingestion and salinity) Salinity tolerance experiments aquaculture of this commercially on survival and growth of juveniles indicated that juveniles and adults important fast dwindling seahorse of H. trimaculatus are presented. of H. trimaculatus are able to species. Significantly higher reproductive tolerate salinities not extending efficiency (number of juveniles 35 A study on biochemical significantly varied with the DoE changes in the penaeid but were dose-independent shrimp, Metapenaeus (P<0.05). Percent decrease in all monoceros (Fabricius) biochemical components increased following exposure to with the progress of the DoE irrespective of the exposure sublethal doses of concentrations. The order of organochlorine pesticide percent decrease in the (endosulfan) concentrations of the TP, TC, GLY, Suryavanshi, U.; Sreepada, R.A.; Ansari, TL and TFS in different tissues at Z.A.; Nigam, S.; Badesab, S. the end of 23 DoE was found to be Endosulfan, a broad-spectrum MU > GL > HP, HP > GL > MU, MU non-systemic organochlorine (OC) > HP > GL, HP > MU > GL and MU pesticide is extensively used to > GL > HP, respectively. The control a wide variety of pests in results of the study revealed that agriculture, horticulture and sublethal doses of endosulfan public health programmes. significantly alters the proximate Biochemical changes occurring in composition of major tissues, the metabolically active tissues of particularly the TP levels in the MU gills (GL), hepatopancreas (HP) and tissues thereby reducing the muscle (MU) of the penaeid nutritive value of this economically shrimp, Metapenaeus monoceros important penaeid shrimp. Since (Fabricius) on exposure to two M. monoceros exhibits significant sublethal doses (40 and 60 ng L -1 ) biochemical changes on exposure of endosulfan were studied for 23 to endosulfan, this species could days of exposure (DoE). Sublethal possibly be used as biosensor of doses of endosulfan significantly coastal marine and estuarine (P<0.05) altered the levels of the pollution by OCs. total protein (TP), the total carbohydrates (TC), the glycogen (GLY), the total free sugars (TFS) and the total lipids (TL) in test shrimps. Concentrations of biochemical components 36 Evaluation, mechanism and control of biofilm and biofouling Anil, A.C. Biofouling and Bioinvasion in the marine environment are important to the health of Desai, D.V. the oceans. They have economic and bio-security implications. We looked at issues that are relevant to ships ballast water management, impact of antifouling toxic Imchen, T. biocides on the environment, distribution of particulate carbohydrate species and Khandeparker, L.D.S. the physiological response of the barnacle Balanus amphitrite, a dominant intertidal and fouling organism to hypoxia and anoxia. Mitbavkar, S. Patil, J. Sawant, S.S. Physiological responses to hypoxia and anoxia in Balanus amphitrite (Cirripedia: Thoracica) Desai, D.V.; Prakash, S. The barnacle Balanus amphitrite Darwin is a dominant intertidal and major fouling organism. As its life cycle includes both sessile and pelagic phases, adaptation is a necessity to tolerate harsh conditions that are faced in the intertidal and pelagic environment. A downward trend in dissolved Effect of normoxia (control), hypoxia and anoxia on the mortality of B. amphitrite nauplii under oxygen levels in coastal areas has starvation. In case of anoxia tretment all the nauplii were dead after 32h of exposure so no data were presented beyond 32h. Error bars:+SD been recently observed, which would have a more prominent different tidal levels was observed. stiff spines of equal length effect on sessile organisms Enzyme activity increased with protrude in between the terminal inhabiting the intertidal habitats. increase in the duration of tidal spines. The effects of reduced dissolved exposure, suggesting a capability oxygen levels (hypoxia) and no to adapt to stress in different Mumbai harbour, India: oxygen (anoxia) on B. amphitrite niches. Nauplii showed antioxidant Gateway for introduction of adults and nauplii was assessed. defense (increased enzyme activity) marine organisms Their response was evaluated by under hypoxia and anoxia. The Gaonkar, C.; Sawant, S.S.; Anil, A.C.; estimating the levels of the magnitude of change in enzyme Venkat, K.; Harkantra, S.N. antioxidant enzymes catalase and levels suggests that these enzymes superoxide dismutase. The impact Ships have been identified as one could be potential biomarkers of of desiccation on antioxidant of the important vectors in the stress. enzymes in adult B. amphitrite translocation of organisms from one bioregion to another leading to collected from different tidal New species of bioinvasion. In this context, heights was also evaluated. When Paracalanidae along the harbours serve as a gateway for nauplii were starved, 100 % west coast of India: mortality was observed after 64 h the introduction of alien species. Paracalanus arabiensis under hypoxia, and between 24 Surveys were carried out in the Kesarkar, K.S.; Anil, A.C. and 32 h under anoxia. However, vicinity of ports of Mumbai for when nauplii were exposed to A new species of copepod, macrobenthic fauna, zooplankton hypoxia and anoxia along with Paracalanus arabiensis sp. nov. and hard substratum community food, their tolerance level collected from Mandovi and Zuari on three different occasions during increased. A decrease in naupliar estuaries, Goa, central west coast 2001-2002. The study shows that feeding rate and oxygen of India, is described. It differs 14 polychaete species are recently consumption was observed when from its congeners mainly in the introduced to this area. Mytilopsis they were exposed to hypoxia and structure of leg 5, with a row of six sallei, a bivalve, which is an anoxia. A significant difference in teeth along the edge of inner invasive species in the Indian the levels of antioxidant enzymes terminal spine resulting in a context continued to be present in adult B. amphitrite collected at serrated margin and two small, but was restricted to enclosed 37 docks, indicating preference for Distribution of particulate embayed water bodies. The carbohydrate species in the polychaete Protula tubularia was Bay of Bengal abundant in the hard substratum Khodse, V.B.; Bhosle, N.B.; community and is being reported Gopalakrishna, V.V. as a possible ship-mediated Suspended particulate matter introduction. (SPM) of surface seawaters was Distribution of butyltins collected during December 2003 to (TBT, DBT, MBT) in October 2004 at 10 stations in the sediments of Gulf of Cadiz Bay of Bengal, and analyzed for particulate organic carbon (POC), (Spain) and its total particulate nitrogen (TPN), bioaccumulation in the clam total particulate carbohydrate Ruditapes philippinarum (TPCHO) and total particulate Garg, A.; Anton-Martın, R.; Garcıa-Luque, uronic acids (TPURA). The E.; Riba, I.; DelValls, T.A. concentrations of POC, TPCHO and Surface sediment samples were TPURA varied from 4.80 to 29.12, analyzed for organotins namely 0.85 to 4.24, 0.09 to 0.91μM C, tributyltin (TBT), dibutyltin and respectively. The TPCHO-C and monobutyltin from six areas TPURA-C accounted for 6.6-32.5 % located in the Gulf of Cadiz (14 and 0.87-3.65 % of POC. The stations), Spain. The total butyltin trends observed for the distribution ranged between undetected and of these compounds were generally 1,580 ng Sn g -1 . TBT generally similar to those recorded for the prevailed in most of the samples, distribution of chlorophyll a suggesting fresh inputs of butyltin (Chl a). The C/N ratios varied from compounds and/or less 3.2 to 22.3 with most of the values degradation of TBT. The observed being <10. This suggests that the levels of butyltins at several sites organic matter was mostly derived are much higher than that from phytoplankton and bacteria. required to induce toxic effect on Relatively low C/N ratios and high marine organisms, suggesting that TPCHO yield imply that freshly these sediments are polluted with derived organic matter was present butyltin compounds. The clam during SWM and FIM. Our data Ruditapes philippinarum was used suggest that the quality and for studying bioaccumulation of quantity of organic matter varied butyltins by exposing them to spatially and seasonally. contaminated sediments from the Gulf of Cadiz over a period of 28 days under laboratory conditions. Biota-sediment accumulation factor (BSAF) ranged from 0.44 to 3.99. 38 Bioactive molecules from marine environment D'Souza, L.M. A brominated compound, 2-(2',4'-Dibromophenoxy)-4,6-dibromophenol has Menezes, M. comparable activity to the marketed anti-MRSA antibiotic, linezolid. This brominated compound obtained from Dysidea granulosa has demonstrated as a potential lead Singh, K.S. molecule for anti-MRSA and anti VRE drug development. The observed MIC for this Thakur, N. brominated compound studied against 75 clinical and standard strains are 0.117- 2.5 µg/ml for gram positive and 0.5-2 µg/ml for gram negative bacteria. Study on Tilvi, S.S. batch culture of Penicillium chrysogenum, MTCC 5108 has produced citrinin, an antibiotic compound. It has been isolated and identified by chromatographic and spectroscopic techniques and showed that its concentration did not influence the growth of culture. Secondary metabolite isolated from the associated microorganism, Aspergillus sp. having a potential donor group may be used as ligand for the synthesis of coordination compounds. Compound having oxygen chelating group such as 5-hydroxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)-4-pyrone isolated from marine fungus has been used as bioligand for synthesis of water soluble coordination compounds. ESIMS analysis of bile of the euryhalin fish Oreochromis mossambicus revealed the presence of PAH-DNA adducts which may be formed in fish contaminated with PAHs and exposed to NO2 . This study indicated that tandem mass spectrometry can be used as powerful tool for analysis of PHAs and DNA adducts. The method for obtaining Diffused Reflectance Infra Red Fourier Transform spectroscopic (DRFTS) data is being studied for biological samples which can be used for studying biochemical composition, microbial cells as well as for species specific identification. Hierarchical cluster analysis has been applied to DRIFT data and obtained different spectral window for different strains. Diffuse reflectance infrared Diffuse Reflectance Infrared obtaining DRIFTS data is described fourier transform Fourier Transform Spectroscopic herein, which may be useful for spectroscopic (DRIFTS) (DRIFTS) data for biological studying the biochemical investigation of E.coli, samples in the mid infrared region composition of microbial cells as Staphylococcus aureus and (4000-600 cm-1 ). The biological well as for species-specific Candida albicans cells used in the study included identification. The raw spectrum DeSouza, L.; PrabhaDevi; Kamat, T.; identified clinical strains of E. coli for each culture was treated using Naik, C.G. (Gram negative bacterium), various algorithms (Kubelka Munk Staphylococcus aureus (Gram algorithm and Savitzky-Golay The present study consists of a positive bacterium) and Candida algorithm) and converted into its refined method for obtaining albicans (yeast). The method for second derivative (2D). Hierarchical cluster analysis of 2D data, using Ward's algorithm produced dendrogram, which was distinct for each strain under study. Principal component analysis provided clusters of groups used during the study. Antibacterial Activity of 2- (2',4'- Dibromophenoxy) -4, 6 - dibromophenol from Dysidea granulose DivyaShridhar, M.P.; Mahajan, G.B.; Kamat, V.P.; Naik, C.G.; Parab, R.R.; Thakur, N.R.; Mishra, P.D. 2 - (2',4'- Dibromophenoxy) - 4, 6 - dibromophenol isolated from the marine sponge Dysidea granulosa (Bergquist) collected off the coast of Lakshadweep islands, Indian Ocean, exhibited potent and broad spectrum in-vitro antibacterial Representative original mid-infrared absorption spectra (I), Kubelka Munk (II) and second derivative activity, especially against (III) for Candida albicans methicillin resistant 39 Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), culture and antibiotic activities with HMP. The complexes 1 and 2 methicillin sensitive assayed by disc diffusion method react with NaN3 to give in excellent Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA), using clinical pathogens. yield tetra-azido complexes [{(Eta 6 - vancomycin resistant Enterococci arene)Ru(Mu N )N } ] (arene = 6 332 (VRE), vancomycin sensitive Water soluble (Eta - arene) cymene 4, HMB = 5) but similar Enterococci (VSE) and Bacillus ruthenium (II) complexes reaction of complex 3 with NaN3 spp. Minimal inhibitory incorporating marine derived yielded di-azdo complex [{(Eta 6 - concentration (MIC) was evaluated bioligand: Synthesis, C66 H )Ru(Mu N 3 )Cl} 2 ) (6). Reaction of against 57 clinical and standard 6 spectral and structural [{(Eta -arene)Ru(Mu N32 )Cl} ] with strains of Gram positive and Gram studies HMP in the presence of NaOMe negative bacteria. The observed Singh, K.S.; Svitlyk, V.; PrabhaDevi; resulted in the formation of azido MIC range was 0.117-2.5μg / mL 6 Mozharivskyj, Y. complex [{(Eta -arene)Ru(HMP)N3 }]. against all the Gram positive Mono and dinuclear complexes A series of water soluble bacteria and 0.5 - 2μg / mL 6 [{(Eta -arene)Ru(HMP)(L1 )}] + and compounds of general formula 6 against Gram negative bacteria. 66[{(Eta -arene) Ru(HMP)} (Mu L )] + [{(Eta -arene)Ru(HMP)Cl}], [Eta - 222 The in-vitro antibacterial activity 66were also prepared by the reaction arene = Eta -cymene (1), eta - observed was better than that of 6 of complexes 1 and 2 with the HMB (2), eta -C H (3); HMP = 5- the standard antibiotic linezolid, a 66 appropriate ligand, L or L in the hydroxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)-4- 12 marketed anti-MRSA drug. The presence of AgBF (L = PyCN, pyrone] have been prepared by the 41 results establish 2 - (2',4'- 6 DMAP; L = 4,4`-bipy, pyrazine). reaction of [{(eta -arene) RuCl } ) 2 dibromophenoxy) - 4, 6 - 22 dibromophenol, as a potential lead molecule for anti-MRSA and anti- VRE drug development. Batch culture fermentation of Penicillium chrysogenum and a report on the isolation, purification, identification and antibiotic activity of citrinin PrabhaDevi; DeSouza, L.; Kamat, T.; Rodrigues, C.; Naik, C.G. Batch fermentation of Penicillium chrysogenum, MTCC 5108 was carried out using potato dextrose broth medium prepared in seawater: distilled water (1:1). Biomass as dry weight was determined by gravimetric analysis. Citrinin, the main secondary metabolite, is produced in large quantities during the stationary phase of growth. The yield amounted to ~imately 530 mg 1-1 . After optimization of culture conditions, P. chrysogenum was mass cultured and citrinin was isolated and purified from the medium using a combination of chromatographic techniques (Thin layer and column chromatography). Citrinin, thus obtained was characterized on the basis of its spectral data (UV, Proton Nuclear Magnetic Resonance and Electrospray Ionization Mass spectra). This study presented a report on the Molecular structure of complex 1 showing two independent molecule A effect of the concentration of and molecule B. All hydrogen atoms have been omitted for clarity citrinin on the growth of the 40 The complexes are characterized MS/MS) analysis of the bile of the NMR techniques), whereas the on the basis of spectroscopic data euryhaline fish Oreochromis absolute stereochemistry was and molecular structures of three mossambicus exposed suggested by the application of representative compounds have simultaneously to field relevant circular dicroism methodology. been determined by single crystal sublethal concentrations of - X-ray diffraction study. phenanthrene and NO2 and Structural studies and collision-induced dissociation of antimicrobial properties of Detection of DNA damage in selected ions revealed the presence norcembrane diterpenoid fish Oreochromis of DNA-PAH adducts. The present from an Indian soft coral mossambicus induced by co- study indicates that, although Sinularia inelegans Tixier- exposure to phenanthrene several high sensitivity techniques Durivault and nitrite by ESI-MS/MS have been developed for the Singh, K.S.; Kaminsky, W.H.; Rodrigues, Wahidullah, S.; Rajamanickam, Y.R. analysis of PAH derived DNA C.; Naik, C.G. adducts, MS/MS has emerged as a Two metabolites featuring Mutagenic nitrated polycyclic powerful tool in the detection and norcembranoid diterpene skeleton aromatic hydrocarbons (nitro- structure elucidation of DNA have been isolated from chloroform PAHs) have been known to arise in adducts. the environment through direct extract of soft coral of the genus emissions from combustion A new xenicane norditerpene sinularia, which was collected from sources and nitration of PAHs, from the Indian marine the southern coast of India. The primarily in the atmosphere. In the gorgonian Acanthogorgia structures of the metabolites were determined by 1D, 2D NMR marine environment, PAHs are one turgida of the classic anthropogenic spectroscopic data and HRESIMS Manzo, E.; Ciavatta, M.L.; Gavagnin, M.; data analysis. The compounds organic pollutants, while nitrite Villani, G.; Quaranta, C.; DeSouza, L.; - have shown moderate-to-high (NO2 ) is produced naturally via Cimino, G. various biological processes like antimicrobial activities. The imbalance in ditrification/ Chemical investigation of the structure and the relative denitrification or eutrophication liposoluble extract of the gorgonian stereochemistry of the metabolite 1 and subsequent oxygen depletion Acanthogorgia turgida, from Indian have been determined by x-ray from an oversupply of nutrients. In coasts, led us to isolate a new crystallography. this paper, we report the formation xenicane-based norditerpene, of PAH-DNA adducts in fish isoacalycixeniolide-A (1), along with contaminated with PAHs and the known structurally related - compounds 2-6. The structure of exposed to NO2 in the ambient water. Electrospray ionization the norditerpene (1) was elucidated tandem mass spectrometric (ESI- by spectral methods (mainly by 41 Environmental impact analyses of mining of marine minerals Khadge, N.H. Our understanding of the possible environmental impacts of mining of marine Mascarenhas, M.B.L. minerals is based on multi-disciplinary baseline information as well as experimental data simulating small scale mining. Two such experiments for coastal (~ 5 m deep) Nath, B.N. placer deposits have shown variable results owing to local environmental conditions Sharma, R.K. with short term impacts. On the other hand, lateral and vertical distribution of macrofauna and optimisation of their analytical methods, as well as growth Valsangkar, A.B. characteristics of culturable fungi from deep-sea (~ 5000 m) sediments provides insights into the faunal diversity associated with polymetallic nodules that occur in the area claimed by India in the international waters of Indian Ocean and are potential resource for strategic metals (Cu, Ni, Co and others) for the country. As a biotechnological application, the effects of different medium components and their interactions with laccase production in fungi were studied for optimization of growth conditions for large scale production of enzymes. Impact of offshore placer the first attempt to document the cm. However, the smaller body size mining experiments Indian Ocean abyssal benthic in the deep sea has led to the use (PLAMEX) on the sediment diversity of macro invertebrates of mesh sizes ranging between 0.25 size and heavy minerals and to investigate its relation to the and 0.5 mm to collect macrofauna, Valsangkar, A.B.; Fernandes, D. surface primary production (chl-a), 0.3 and 0.5 mm being the most sediment labile organic matter, commonly used mesh sizes for Two offshore placer mining organic carbon and texture. The deep-sea sampling. During these experiments (PLAMEX) were present study is based on 87 studies the effectiveness of sieves conducted using submersible individuals. Altogether 39 macro of two different mesh sizes (0.3 and pumps specially designed by invertebrate genera were obtained 0.5 mm) in assessing macrofaunal Central Mechanical Engineering from water depths of 4500-5500m diversity, density and biomass Research Institute (CMERI), from 23 box cores. Reduction in were tested. A total of 66 species Durgapur (India) at 8 m water macrobenthic density was seen were obtained with the smaller depth in Kalbadevi Bay (PLAMEX- towards the southern latitudes. mesh, while the larger mesh I), Ratnagiri, Maharashtra,and off The area was dominated by deposit retained only 40 macrofaunal Paradip (PLAMEX-II), Orissa, to feeding macrobenthos. Vertically, species. Thus, use of larger mesh determine the effects on sediment the fauna was distributed down to resulted in the loss of 39% species grain size and heavy mineral 30 cm depth, with the highest over the smaller mesh (p=0.0001). assemblages. The PLAMEX-I faunal density in the top 2-5 cm However, both sieves yielded high results for the sediments off sediment section. The values for densities of organisms, high Kalbadevi Bay showed no major population density were strongly species diversity and steep effects on the average sand, silt correlated with surface water chl-a rarefaction curves for nematodes and clay, grain size, and the heavy and sediment protein, indicating and polychaetes. Using the larger mineral percentages. The PLAMEX- supply of fresh organic matter as a mesh resulted in a significant loss II results for the sediments off critical factor for maintaining the in biomass of 90% and 78% for Paradip showed mixed effects due deep sea benthic diversity and polychaetes and nematodes, to the dynamic environmental abundance. respectively. Vertically in the conditions. sediment, faunal density was Importance of sieve size in Composition of sampled more effectively with the deep-sea macrobenthic smaller mesh sieve. These results macrobenthos from the studies Central Indian Ocean Basin showed a significant reduction in Pavithran, S.; Ingole, B.S.; Nanajkar, M.; the number of species, organism Pavithran, S.; Ingole, B.S.; Nanajkar, M.; Goltekar, R.C. Raghukumar, C.; Nath, B.N.; Valsangkar, density, and biomass of A.B. The deep-sea is well known for macrofauna with use of a 0.5 mm high benthic biodiversity despite mesh rather than a 0.3 mm mesh The deep sea is well known for its being a low-food environment. and that a sieve of lower mesh size high faunal diversity. But the However, most deep-sea organisms is more suitable for evaluation of current interest in its abundant are very small in size as an deep-sea macrofauna. polymetallic nodules, poses a adaptation to food limitation. threat to the little known benthic Macrofauna are generally organisms surviving in this unique considered to be organisms larger environment. The present study is than 0.5 mm and smaller than 3 42 Phylogenetic diversity of culturable fungi from the deep-sea sediments of the Central Indian Basin and their growth characteristics Singh, P.; Raghukumar, C.; Verma, P.; Shouche, Y. Very few studies have addressed the diversity of culturable fungi from deep-sea sediments. Reporting here are the diversity of culturable fungi in deep-sea Effect of glucose and citrate on (a) Biomass and (b) Laccase sediments of the Central Indian production in a low nitrogen medium Basin obtained from a depth of ~. 5,000 m. A total of 16 filamentous fungi and 12 yeasts isolated from 20 sediment cores of ~. 35 cm length were identified by 18S and Effects and interactions of carbon and nitrogen acted ITS sequencing of SSU rDNA. Most medium components on antagonistically with respect to of the filamentous fungi were laccase from a marine- laccase production. A combination Ascomycota, while two were derived fungus using of low nitrogen and high carbon Basidiomycota. Microscopic response surface concentration favored both identification of sporulating methodology biomass and laccase production. cultures mostly matched either The most favorable combination DeSouza-Ticlo, D.; Garg, S.; Raghukumar, C. -1 with 18S or ITS sequences but resulted in 917 U L of laccase. seldom with both the sequences. The effects of various synthetic After sufficient growth had Phylogenetic analysis of medium components and their occurred, addition of a surfactant ascomycetes using 18S sequence interactions with each other such as Tween 80 positively data grouped them into 7 clusters ultimately impact laccase impacted biomass and increased belonging to Aspergillus sp., production in fungi. This was the laccase activity to around -1 Sagenomella sp., Exophiala sp., studied using a laccase-hyper- 1,300 U L . Increasing the surface Capronia sp., Cladosporium sp., producing marine-derived to volume ratio of the culture Acremonium sp. and Tritirachium basidiomycete, Cerrena unicolor vessel further increased its activity -1 sp. ITS sequence data grouped MTCC 5159. Inducible laccases to almost 2,000 U L . isolates into 6 clusters belonging to were produced in the idiophase Aspergillus sp., uncultured only after addition of an inducer such as CuSO . Concentration of member of Hypocreaceae, 4 Exophiala sp., uncultured soil fungus, Hypocreales and Trichothecium sp. The two basidiomycete isolates were a Tilletiopsis sp. evident from 18S as well as ITS sequence data. In contrast, most of the yeast isolates belonged to Basidiomycota and only one isolate belonged to the phylum Ascomycota. Sequences of 18S as well as ITS gave matching identification of most of the yeasts. Filamentous fungi as well as the yeasts grew at 200 bar/5ºC indicating their adaptations to deep-sea conditions. This is the first report on isolation of Sagenomella, Exophiala, Capronia and Tilletiopsis spp. from deep-sea sediments. This study reports on the presence of terrestrial fungi as a component of culturable fungi in deep-sea sediments. 43 Genesis and occurrence of deep sea mineral deposits (Polymetallic Nodules) Banerjee, R. New crust is formed at the mid-oceanic ridges, Ray et al. discovered several such Das, P. serpentine vein networks associated with clusters of magnetite at the Central Indian Ridge. They infer that these serpentinites might have formed due to the interaction of Gowda, R.N. harzburgites and seawater at a low temperature. Further, basalts are characterized Gupta, S.M. using discriminatory diagrams, however, these diagrams are not all-encompassing. An new artificial neural network based method is presented by Das and Iyer for Iyer, S.D. classifying basalts which is all-inclusive. The Lonar lake is perhaps the only well Shyam Prasad, M. established meteorite impact crater in basaltic rocks, although discovered a century ago, the nature of the impactor was unknown. This century old mystery has been resolved with the work of Misra et al. The accuracy of any geochemical analysis is indicated by the analysis of reference standards, new data on the trace elements as well as Sr-Nd-Pb-Hf isotope ratios is provided for JSd-1 and MAG-1 reference standards using ICP-QMS and ICP-SFMS using isotope dilution-internal standardization (ID-IS) methods (please see Nath et al.). And, an improved core liner which facilitates sediment core sampling is presented by Valsangkar. Geochemical Neural Network (ANN) technique as first time, evidence of the impact or characterization of oceanic a supervised Learning Vector that formed the crater has been basalts using artificial Quantisation (LVQ) is applied to identified within the impact neural network identify the inherent geochemical spherules, which are ~ 0.3 to 1 mm in size and of different Das, P.; Iyer, S.D. signatures present in the Central Indian Ocean Basin (CIOB) basalts. aerodynamic shapes including The geochemical discriminate A range of N-MORB, E-MORB and spheres, teardrops, cylinders, diagrams help to distinguish the OIB dataset was used for training dumbbells and spindles. They were volcanics recovered from different and testing of the network. found in ejecta on the rim of the tectonic settings but these Although the identification of the crater. The spherules have high diagrams tend to group the ocean characters as N-MORB, E-MORB magnetic susceptibility (from 0.31 floor basalts (OFB) under one class and OIB is completely dependent to 0.02 SI-mass) and natural i.e., as mid-oceanic ridge basalts upon the training data set for the remanent magnetization (NRM) (MORB). Hence, a method is LVQ, but to a significant extent intensity. Both NRM and specifically needed to identify the this method is found to be saturation isothermal remanent OFB as normal (N-MORB), successful in identifying the magnetization (SIRM) intensity are 2 enriched (E-MORB) and ocean characters within the CIOB ~. 2 Am /kg. Demagnetization island basalts (OIB). Artificial basalts. The study helped to response by the NRM suggests a geochemically delineate the CIOB complicated history of remanence basalts as N-MORB with acquisition. The spherules show perceptible imprints of E-MORB schlieren structure described by and OIB characteristics in the form chains of tiny dendritic and of moderately enriched rare earth octahedral-shaped magnetite and incompatible elements. Apart crystals indicating their quenching from the fact that the magmatic from liquid droplets. Microprobe processes are difficult to be analyses show that, relative to the deciphered, the architecture target basalt compositions, the performs satisfactorily. spherules have relatively high average Fe23 O (by ~ 1.5 wt%), MgO Geochemical identification of (~ 1 wt%), Mn (~ 200 ppm), Cr impactor for Lonar crater, (~ 200 ppm), Co (~ 50 ppm), Ni India (~ 1000 ppm) and Zn (~ 70 ppm), Mishra, S.; Newsom, H.E.; ShyamPrasad, and low Na225 O (~ 1 wt%) and P O M.; Geissman, J.W.; Dube, A.; (~ 0.2 wt%). Very high Ni contents, Sengupta, D. up to 14 times the average content A use of the ANN network with 25 neurons of Lonar basalt, require the indicates the CIOB basalts to be dominantly N- The only well-known terrestrial MORB in nature but a few samples have a presence of a meteoritic component analogue of impact craters in combination of either E/P-MORB or OIB in these spherules. It is interpreted character or E/P-MORB and OIB characters basaltic crusts of the rocky planets that the high Ni, Cr, and Co along with the N-MORB character is the Lonar crater, India. For the 44 abundances in these spherules to and those in Group II form soluble MC-ICP-MS. Thus a new data on indicate that the impact or of the oxo- and fluoro-complexes in HF, the trace elements as well as Sr- Lonar crater was a chondrite, such as Zr, Nb, Hf, Ta, etc. For Nd-Pb-Hf isotope ratios is provided which is present in abundances of Group I, the sample was for JSd-1 and MAG-1. 12 to 20 percent by weight in these decomposed with HF in a tetra impact spherules. Relatively high fluoro ethylene (TFE) bomb at Evidences for seawater-rock 245ºC for 96 hrs with Mg addition. hydrothermal interaction in Zn yet low Na225 O and P O contents of these spherules indicate The elemental concentration was the serpentinites from exchange of volatiles between the measured by quadrupole type Northern Central Indian quenching spherule droplets and inductively coupled plasma source Ridge the impact plume. mass spectrometry (ICP-QMS) and Ray, Dwijesh; Banerjee, R.; Iyer, S.D.; sector field type ICP-MS (ICP- Mukhopadhyay, S. SFMS) using isotope dilution- Comprehensive analysis for Serpentinites and serpentinized internal standardization (ID-IS) major, minor and trace harzburgites were collected from a methods. The aliquot of the sample element contents and Sr-Nd- ridge-transform intersection at solution was passed through 3- Pb-Hf isotope ratios in 6º39’S-68º19’E from the Northern step column chemistry for isotope sediment reference Central Indian Ridge. The degree of ratio determination of Pb by materials, JSd-1 and MAG-1 serpentinization is extensive and multiple collector (MC) ICP-MS and Nath, B.N.; Makishima, A.; Noordmann, varies from 90 to 100%. Olivine thermal ionization mass J.; Tanaka, R.; Nakamura, E. and orthopyroxene are largely spectrometry (TIMS), and Sr and pseudomorphed to lizardite- In view of the requirement of a Nd by TIMS. For Group II elements, chrysotile 'mesh' and 'bastite' well-characterized and easily the sample was decomposed with respectively. Numerous serpentine available aquatic sediment HF in a TFE bomb with the same vein network associated with reference material, a time and temperature settings. Zr, clusters of magnetite are also comprehensive analysis comprising Mo, Sn, Sb and Hf were determined present. On the basis of of fifty major, minor and trace by ID, and Nb and Ta by ID-IS mineralogical paragenesis, mineral elements as well as Sr–Nd–Pb–Hf using ICP-QMS. The original JSd-1 chemistry and bulk rock analyses, isotopes were carried out in the powder showed heterogeneity for we infer that the present stream sediment reference Group II elements, indicating serpentinites might have formed material, JSd-1, issued by the insufficient pulverization and due to the interaction of Geological Survey of Japan. The distribution. Thus, we further harzburgites and seawater at a low data for marine sediment reference pulverized the powder and temperature. Additionally, positive material, MAG-1, issued by U.S. measured the concentration, which Eu anomaly, higher La/Sm and Geological Survey is also obtained showed improved homogeneity. low Nb/La ratios suggest for comparison. The elements were The aliquot for the re-pulverized substantial hydrothermal input divided into two groups: Group I powder was passed through 2-step during the onset of and Group II. Elements in Group I column chemistry, and the Hf serpentinization. form stable soluble ions in HNO3 ; isotope ratio was determined by X-ray diffractogram of whole-rock serpentinite (Ctl, chrysotile; Lz, lizardite). D spacing of Lizardite 1T, Lizardite aluminous, 2 M clinochrysotile and orthochrysotile mentioned within the parenthesis 45 groundmass [An ]), olivine (Fo adjacent to Vityaz transform fault A special core liner for sub- 35-79 81- ), diopside (Wo ), En ), Fs of the slow spreading (32-35 sampling of aqueous 88 45-51 25-37 14- ), and titanomagnetite (FeO ) ~ mm/yr, full spreading) Northern sediments 24 t 63.5 wt% and Ti0 ) ~ 22.69 wt%). Central Indian Ridge. Both the Valsangkar, A.B. 2 The whole-rock composition of varieties show signatures of A portable and reusable special these basalts has similar Mg [mole extensive alteration caused due to core liner (spcl) has been developed Mg/mole(Mg+Fe2+ )] (VT basalt: ~ interaction with sea water. to accomplish real-time sub- 0.56-0.58; VM basalt: ~ 0.57), but Mylonitic gabbro represents high sampling of aqueous sediments. differ in their total alkali content temperature metamorphism Besides being revolutionary, (VT basalt: ~ 2.65; VM basalt: ~ (~ 700-800ºC) and comprised of inexpensive and user-friendly, the 3.24). The bulk composition of the hornblende mineral which exhibits spcl is capable of collecting magma was gradually depleted in well defined foliation/gneissic undisturbed sediment sub- MgO and enriched in FeOt2 , Ti0 , appearance along with dynamically sections. The spcl also facilitates P25 O , and Na 2 0 with progressive recrystallised plagioclasegrains rapid sub-sampling of sediments fractionation, the basalts were frequently intercalated with onboard with remote possibility of gradually enriched in Y and Zr and magnetite-ilmenite. Altered gabbro core shortening, sample outflow, depleted in Ni and Cr. In addition, from corner high generally includes contamination or mixing. The the ΣREE of magma also increased low temperature greenschist grade proposed method of sub-sampling with fractionation, without any (~ 300ºC) mineralogical by spcl saves time, money and change in the (La/ Yb)N value. assemblages: chlorite, albite, manpower, without inducing Glass from the VM seamount quartz and locally magnesio changes in the physical and shows more fractionated hornblende. Crystal plastic biogeochemical properties of the characters (Mg#: 0.56-0.57) deformation resulted in mylonite sediments. compared to the outer ridge flank formation and often porphyroclasts lava of the VT area (Mg#: 0.63- of plagioclase and clinopyroxene Glass and mineral chemistry 0.65). This study concludes that grains, while altered gabbro locally of northern central Indian present basalts experienced low- exhibits cataclastic texture. ridge basalts: Compositional pressure crystallization at a Presence of Vityaz transform fault diversity and petrogenetic relatively shallow depth. The and adjacent megamullion at the significance geochemical changes in the NCIR weakly magmatic ridge-transform Ray, Dwijesh; Banerjee, R.; Iyer, S.D.; magmas resulted from fractional intersection and off-axis high Basavalingu, B.; Mukhopadhyay, S. crystallization at a shallow depth. locations prompted the present As a consequence, spinel was the scenario very much conducive for The glass and mineral chemistry of first mineral to crystallize at a hydrothermal circulation and basalts examined from the pressure >10 kbar, followed by Fe- further facilitate the exhumation of northern central Indian ridge rich olivine at <10 kbar pressure. present suite of gabbro. (NCIR) provides an insight into magma genesis around the vicinity Hydrothermal alteration of two transform faults: Vityaz (VT) studies of gabbros from and Vema (VM). The studied mid- northern central Indian ocean ridge basalts (MORBs) from ridge and their geodynamic the outer ridge flank (VT area) and implications a near-ridge seamount (VM area) reveal that they are moderately Ray, Dwijesh; Mevel, C.; Banerjee, R. phyric plagioclase basalts Mylonitic gabbro and altered composed of plagioclase gabbro were recovered from off-axis (phenocryst [An 60-90 ] and high and corner high locations at ridge-transform intersection, 46 Integrated studies to understand the behaviour of the geobiological environs in deciphering gas hydrate occurrence along the Indian continental margins Borole, D.V. Evidence of paleo–cold seep associated activities inferred from the analysis of a Dewangan, P. sediment core in the Krishna-Godavari basin, Bay of Bengal, where 128m thick of gas hydrate formation was discovered. The presence of Calyptogena clam shells, Gonsalves, M.J.B.D. chimneys, shell breccias suggests seepage of methane and sulfide-bearing fluid to Joao, M.H.D.M. the seafloor in the past. The observed carbonate deposition might have resulted from the flow of methane-enriched fluids through the fracture network. Geophysical and Kocherla, M. geochemical surveys off Goa revealed shallow gas charged sediments. The observed Mazumdar, A. and extrapolated sulfate methane transition zone lies between 0.7 and 2.25 m below the seabed and it is related to the depth of the gas front. Depleted carbon isotope Ramana, M.V. ratios suggest a microbial origin for the methane. High sulfate reduction rate, high Ramprasad, T. concentrations of pore water methane, phosphate and ammonium suggest an enhanced availability of reactive organic matter required for microbially mediated biodegradation processes. Analysis of newly acquired marine magnetic data, constrained by satellite and shipborne free air gravity anomalies, in the corridor between the 86?E fracture zone (FZ) and Ninetyeast Ridge, north of the equator reveals the evolutionary history of the Late Cretaceous crust under complex tectonic settings. The interpretation of magnetic anomalies suggests the presence of fossil spreading ridge segments and extra oceanic crust on the Indian plate that has been transferred from the Antarctica plate by discrete southward ridge jumps. Concentrations of carbon dioxide, methane, carbon monoxide, nitrous oxide and δ13δ 18 hydrogen, and the stable carbon ( C) and oxygen ( O) isotopic composition of CO2 from Cabo de Rama (CRI), India and the chemistry-transport model provide critical guidance in optimizing the fluxes to constrain the regional source/ sinks balances. Overall, concentrations of Preflourinated Compounds (PFC) of water and biological samples from India are lower than the concentrations reported for other countries. The flux estimates for PFOS, PFOA and PFNA from the Ganges River to the Bay of Bengal were in the range of several hundreds of kilograms per year. A survey of perfluorinated <0.04–3.91 ng L-1 ; biota: Japan and USA, where PFOA was compounds in surface water 0.248–27.9 ng g -1 ww). Long-chain the predominant compound in and biota including dolphins (C11–C18) perfluorocarboxylates waters. The flux estimates for from the Ganges River and (PFCAs) were not detected in the PFOS, PFOA and PFNA from the in other waterbodies in India water samples (<0.2 ng L-1 ), Ganges River in India to the Bay of -1 Yeung, L.W.Y.; Yamashita, N.; Taniyasu, S.; although PFDA (0.061–0.923 ng g Bengal were in the range of several Lam, P.K.S.; Sinha, R.K.; Borole, D.V.; ww) and PFUnDA (0.072–0.998 hundreds of kilograms per year. Kannan, K. ng g-1 ww) were found in biological Despite the reports of the samples. The arithmetic mean Evolution of the Late occurrence of perfluorochemicals PFOS concentration found in the Cretaceous crust in the (PFCs) in industrialized nations, liver of Ganges River dolphin was equatorial region of the -1 information on PFCs in less 27.9 ng g ww. Bioconcentration Northern Indian Ocean and industrialized countries is meager. and biomagnifications factors of its implication in In this study, concentrations and PFCs were estimated in the Ganges understanding the plate profiles of PFCs were investigated River basin food web. The highest kinematics -1 in surface waters (rivers, lakes, concentration of PFOA, 23.1 ng L , Desa, M.; Ramana, M.V.; Ramprasad, T. coastal seas and untreated sewage; was found in untreated sewage Analysis of 3100 km of newly n = 42) including the Ganges River samples. Overall, concentrations of acquired marine magnetic data, water, and biota such as shrimp (n PFCs of water and biological constrained by satellite and ship = 2), fish (n = 28), and Ganges samples from India are lower than borne free air gravity anomalies, in River dolphin (Platanista gangetica; the concentrations reported for the corridor between the 86ºE n = 15). PFOS was the dominant other countries so far. PFC profiles fracture zone (FZ) and Ninetyeast PFC found in most of the samples in Indian waters are dominated by Ridge, north of the equator reveals analyzed including water samples PFOS, followed by PFOA, which is the evolutionary history of the Late except untreated sewage (water: different from the pattern reported for other countries such as Korea, Cretaceous crust characterized by 47 anomaly 34 through 31 at Seychelles and Mauna Loa. (83.5–68.7Ma) under complex Simulations of two major tectonic settings. Seafloor anthropogenic greenhouse gases spreading model studies suggest (CO24 and CH ) concentrations using that the crust, particularly between a chemistry-transport model for the chrons 33R and 33 (79.0–73.6 the CRI site suggest that globally Ma), was formed with variable and optimized fluxes can produce slightly higher half-spreading rates results comparable to the (4.8–7.1 cm yr-1 than the crust of observations. We discuss that CRI similar age either in the regions observations have provided critical west of 86ºE FZ or east of the guidance in optimizing the fluxes Ninetyeast Ridge or the Southern to constrain the regional source/ Crozet Basin. Further, the sinks balance. interpretation of magnetic anomalies suggests the presence of Evidence of paleo–cold seep fossil spreading ridge segments activity from the Bay of and extra oceanic crust on the Bengal, offshore India Indian plate that has been Mazumdar, A.; Dewangan, P.; Joao, H.M.; transferred from the Antarctica Peketi, A.; Khosla, V.R.; Kocherla, M.; plate by discrete southward ridge Badesab, F.K.; Joshi, R.K.; Roxanne, P.; jumps. These ridge jumps are Ramamurty, P.B.; Karisiddaiah, S.M.; Patil, D.J.; Dayal, A.M.; Ramprasad, T.; caused by thermal instability of the Hawkesworth, C.J.; Avanzinelli, R. spreading centre as the Indian plate moved northward over the Evidence of paleo–cold seep Kerguelen mantle plume. The associated activities, preserved in present study indicates that the methane-derived carbonates in spreading ridge–plume interaction association with chemosynthetic is the prime mechanism for these clams (Calyptogena sp.) from a ridge jumps, which have occurred sediment core in the Krishna- since 75.8 Ma. The newly identified Godavari basin, Bay of Bengal is magnetic anomalies 34 through 31 reported. Visual observations and and the inferred ~ N3ºE trending calculations based on high- FZs refined the plate resolution wet bulk density profile reconstruction models for that of a core collected on board R/V period. Marion Dufresne (May 2007) showed zones of sharp increase in Composition of pore fluids and carbonate carbonate content (10–55 vol %) Trace gases and CO2 isotope content in the sediment records from Cabo de Rama, within 16–20 meters below seafloor India (mbsf). The presence of Bhattacharya, S.K.; Borole, D.V.; Francey, Calyptogena clam shells, R.J.; Allison, C.E.; Steele, L.P.; Krummel, chimneys, shell breccias with high from the flow of methane-enriched P.; Langenfelds, R.; Masarie, K.A.; Tiwari, Mg calcite cement, and pyrite fluids through the fracture network Y.K.; Patra, P.K. within this zone suggest seepage of formed because of shale diapirism. Concentrations of carbon dioxide methane and sulfide-bearing fluid to the seafloor in the past. Highly Shallow gas charged (CO24 ), methane (CH ), carbon depleted carbon isotopic values sediments off the Indian monoxide (CO), nitrous oxide (N2 O) (δ13C ranges from -41 to –52 ppt west coast: Genesis and and hydrogen (H2 ), and the stable 13δ VPDB) from these carbonates distribution carbon ( C- CO2 ) and oxygen 18δ indicate carbon derived via Mazumdar, A.; Peketi, A.; Dewangan, P.; ( O - CO2 ) isotopic composition of CO have been measured in air anaerobic oxidation of methane. Badesab, F.K.; Ramprasad, T.; Ramana, 2 M.V.; Patil, D.J.; Dayal, A.M. samples collected from Cabo de Extrapolated mean calendar age (~ 58.7 ka B.P.) of the clastic Rama (CRI), India, for the period Geophysical and geochemical sediments at a depth of 16 mbsf is 1993–2002. The observations show surveys were carried out off Goa, close to the upper limit of the U-Th clear signatures of Northern and central west coast of India, to based depositional age (46.2 ±3.7 Southern Hemispheric (NH and understand the genesis and and 53.0 ±1.6 ka) of authigenic SH) air masses, mixed with their distribution of shallow gases in carbonates sampled from this level, regional fluxes and chemical loss marine sediments. Shallow gas thereby constraining the younger mechanisms, resulting in complex charged sediments within the age limit of the carbonate seasonal variation of these gases. water depths of ~ 15 to 40 m are deposition/methane expulsion The CRI measurements are reported all along the west coast events. The observed carbonate compared with remote marine sites and are characterized by gas deposition might have resulted masking, high amplitude and 48 surface. The gas front lies between 1.2 and 5 m below the seabed and demarcates the transition from gas in the dissolved phase to bubble phase when the gas concentration exceeds the saturation level. The observed and extrapolated sulfate methane transition zone (SMTZ) lies between 0.7 and 2.25 m below the seabed and it is related to the depth of the gas front. Methane concentration reaches saturation below the SMTZ, and produces a bubble phase which lowers the p- wave velocity and produces high amplitude reflection observed in the seismic data. Depleted carbon isotope ratios as low as -88.9 ppt suggest a microbial origin for the methane in the study area. High sulfate reduction rate, high concentrations of pore water methane, phosphate and ammonium in the shallowest site (Sasu123/1 at 14.7 m water depth) suggest an enhanced availability of reactive organic matter required for microbialy mediated biodegradation processes. High gas flux in the shallow waters is also indicated by the shallowing of the gas front and the widening of the gas masked zone towards shore. The present investigations do not testify the origin of Holocene Vertical profiles of pore water total alkalinity, sulfate and methane concentrations in the sediment shallow gases either from buried cores. Dash–dot line indicates the location of the sulfate methane interface (SMTZ) channel deposits or the Pleistocene sediments. reverse polarity reflections in high reflections (gas front) are observed resolution seismic (sparker) data, within a Holocene fine grained, attributed to the presence of free wedge shaped sediment package gas. These high amplitude overlying the maximum flooding 49 Deciphering deep crustal structure, tectonic processes and evolution of the Indian continental margins and adjoining ocean basins Geophysical investigations on continental margins of India and adjoining regions Krishna, K.S. have revealed some important new insights for better understanding of the geological processes of the regions. India-Capricorn convergence is estimated from plate rotations and observations from seismic data. The results suggest that convergence began between 18 and 14 Ma, consistent with seismic evidence for an onset of deformation at 15.4 - 13.9 Ma. They further show that convergence rates doubled at 8 Ma, in agreement with a sharp increase in fault activity at 8 Ma seen on seismic data. Magnetic anomaly feature in Krishna-Godavari Basin is explained by a buried structural high formed by volcanism. The feature is also associated with a distinct gravity anomaly and attributed to a flexure at the Moho boundary. Magnetic anomaly studies of Gop Basin in the Arabian Sea revealed the oceanic nature of crust beneath the basin and the Palitana Ridge as the extinct spreading centre. This implies the early opening off western India – Pakistan margin either between ages ~69.3 - 56.4 Ma or between ~64.8 - 56.4 Ma. Reconciling plate kinematic in Tibet are recorded by sediment estimates of India-Somalia- and seismic estimates of input into the Indian Ocean and Capricorn plate rotations and lithospheric convergence in the strain accumulation history observations derived from seismic the central Indian Ocean across the diffuse plate boundary reflection data. New India- Capricorn plate rotations for the Bull, J.M.; DeMets, C.; Krishna, K.S.; between the Indian and Capricorn Sanderson, D.J.; Merkouriev, S. plates. Described here is the past 20 m.y. are consistent with history of India-Capricorn slow north-south convergence from The far-field signature of the India- convergence from updated 18 Ma about a stationary or nearly Asia collision and history of uplift stationary pole near the eastern edge of the Chagos-Laccadive ridge, simpler than predicted by previous models based on many fewer data. The new rotations suggest that convergence began between 18 and 14 Ma, consistent with marine seismic evidence for an onset of deformation at 15.4- 13.9 Ma. They further show that convergence rates doubled at 8 Ma, in agreement with a sharp increase in fault activity at 8-7.5 Ma seen on seismic reflection profiles. A discrepancy between the total strain estimated from kinematic and seismic reflection data can be reconciled if pervasive reverse faulting within the diffuse plate boundary is accompanied by block rotations of 1º-3º. Utilization of high resolution satellite geoid data for estimation of lithospheric Location map of study area. Red circles show shallow earthquakes from 1963 to 2008, all magnitudes, thickness in the Bay of from U.S. National Earthquake Information Center database. Red lines show locations of seismic profi Bengal les described in text. Solid blue star and circle show 8–0 Ma and 20–8 Ma Capricorn-India pole locations for this study,respectively. White star and circle labeled D05 show Capricorn-India 8–0 Ma Majumdar, T.J.; Bhattacharyya, R.; and 20–8 Ma poles from DeMets et al. (2005). Ellipses show two-dimensional, 1ó uncertainties. Inset Chatterjee, S.; Krishna, K.S. shows extent of major plates and diffuse plate boundaries (stripes); CP—Capricorn; IN—India; SM—Somalia; AU—Australia Very high-resolution database generated from Seasat, Geosat GM, 50 flexure at the Moho boundary, which could in turn be filled with the volcanic material. Inversion of the magnetic and gravity anomalies was also carried out to establish the similarity of anomalies of the two geological features (structural high on the margin and the 85ºE Ridge) and their interpretations. In both cases, the magnetic anomalies were caused dominantly by the magnetization contrast between the volcanic material and the surrounding oceanic crust, whereas the low gravity anomalies are by the flexures of the order of 3-4 km at Moho boundary beneath them. The analysis suggests that both structural high present in offshore Krishna-Godavari basin and the 85ºE Ridge have been emplaced on relatively older oceanic crust by a common volcanic process, but at discrete times, and that several of the Upper-India-Capricorn finite rotation angles for best-fitting poles from Anomaly 1n (0.781 Myr) to 6n gravity lows in the Bay of Bengal (19.722 Myr) (supplementary Table 3) and for 0-20 Ma fixed pole at 3.8ºES, 74.7ºE. Fixed-pole angles are procedurally limited to magnetic reversals for which identical crossing points were used to can be attributed to flexures on the reconstruct the Capricorn-Somalia (DeMets et al. 2005) and India-Somalia (Merkouriev and DeMets, Moho, each created due to the load 2006) plate positions. Lower-Predicted N-S shortening component across India-Capricorn plate of volcanic material. boundary, 0-20 Ma. Shortening is predicted at 3.5ºES at the longitudes of four seismic profiles that are shown in Fig.1. Filled and open symbols are derived respectively from fixed-ploe and best-fitting India-Capricorn rotations. Standard errors are propagated from the rotation covariances. Lines show Early oceanic opening off best least-sqares fits for 19.8 Ma to 16.0 Ma (dotted), 16.0 Ma to 7.5 Ma (dashed); and 7.5 Ma to the present (solid) Western India-Pakistan margin: The Gop Basin revisited ERS-1 and TOPEX/ POSEIDON a plate model according to which Yatheesh, V.; Bhattacharya, G.C.; Dyment, J. altimeters data of the northern geoid observations of the Bay of Indian Ocean has been used for The Deccan Traps, one of the best Bengal are better explained by a known examples of rapid flood the first time for preparation of larger plate thickness of 90 - 125 geoid and free-air gravity maps. In basalt, are considered as marking km for the oceanic crust of age of the inception of a mantle plume the present work, geoid height older than 30 Ma. anomalies have been analyzed on the Indian continental across the Ninetyeast and 85ºE lithosphere. Their emplacement Magnetic anomalies of may be associated with the Ridges within the Bay of Bengal. offshore Krishna-Godavari Present data sets are more continental break-up of India and basin, eastern continental the Seychelles block and later accurate and detailed (off-track margin of India resolution: about 3.33 km and grid formation of a new spreading Swamy, K.V.; Murthy, I.V.R.; Krishna, K.S.; size: about 3.5 km). Observed centre, the Carlsberg Ridge, while Murthy, K.S.R.; Subrahmanyam, A.S.; Rao, spreading progressively ceased in geoid height - age and geoid height M.M.M. derivative (with respect to age) - the Mascarene Basin. Whether The marine magnetic data acquired age relationships have been rifting, continental break-up, and from offshore Krishna-Godavari (K- established and compared with the seafloor spreading predated or G) basin, eastern continental plate model of lithospheric cooling were the consequence of the margin of India (ECMI), brought to determine. The present endeavor Deccan Traps emplacement is still out a prominent NE-SW trending is to determine the lithospheric a matter of debate. This issue is feature, which could be explained plate thickness beneath both ridge further complicated by the by a buried structural high formed structures. Attempts have been presence of a continental sliver, the by volcanic activity. The magnetic made to match the observed value Laxmi Ridge, and large basins lying anomaly feature is also associated with the computed value over the landward of the Laxmi Ridge, such with a distinct negative gravity Bay of Bengal. The lithospheric as the Laxmi and Gop basins, anomaly similar to the one plate cooling model correlates where nature of the crust is still associated with 85ºE Ridge. The convincingly with the observed ambiguous. The present study gravity low could be attributed to a value. It has shown the efficacy of attempts to decipher the tectonic 51 setting and the imprints of plume- ridge interaction in the Gop Basin, where the crust has been interpreted as either volcanic- intruded thinned continental crust or oceanic crust formed by a now- extinct spreading centre. Based on interpretation of an updated compilation of marine geophysical data, the present study supports the oceanic nature of the crust underlying the Gop Basin and proposes the Palitana Ridge as the extinct spreading centre in this region. The prominent but short sequence of fairly linear magnetic anomalies in the Gop Basin does not allow a unique identification; it can be reasonably explained either as A31r-A25r (~ 69.3-56.4 Ma) or as A29r-A25r (~ 64.8-56.4 Ma) sequence. The variations of the spreading rates assumed by both these models suggest that spreading in the Gop Basin significantly slowed around 65 Ma, contemporaneous with the magmatic outburst of the Reunion plume on the adjacent western Indian mainland. Subsequently, the Gop Basin spreading centre was waning whereas a new spreading centre was developing further south, close to the (relatively) southward migrating plume. In this last stage, the Gop Basin spreading centre was associated with an abundant (a) Generalized map of the Gop Basin and the magmatism, probably supplied adjoining regions showing major tectonic elements; (b) Two possible interpretations of from the plume region. magnetic anomalies in the Gop Basin, where Model A corresponds to anomaly sequence A25r–A31r and Model B to anomaly sequence A25r–A29r 52 Biominerals from the continental margins and conditions for their formation Chakraborty, B. Major investigations during this year are on the suspended matter in the Mandovi Karisiddaiah,S.M. estuary and bottom water conditions in the Arabian Sea using geochemistry. Turbidity maxima in estuaries are important due to their influence on primary Kessarkar, P. production, pollutant flushing, fish migration and dredging. Systematic studies on Menezes, A.A. the suspended particulate matter in the Mandovi estuary indicated the occurrence of estuarine turbidity maximum in two windiest seasons (pre-monsoon and monsoon) Mukhopadhyay, R. of the year and the role of wind-driven waves and currents and bio-geochemical Pattan, J.N. processes in its formation. The concentrations of redox-sensitive elements in a sediment core from the eastern Arabian Sea indicated several intervals of Rao, V.P. oxygenated and sub-oxic bottom water conditions during the last 140 k yrs. It Saran, A.K. appears that the sediments in this region never contained free H2 S during this period. A critical assessment of processes on the formation of ferromanganese nodules from the Central Indian Ocean has achieved to identify essential requirements for the formation of these nodules. Acoustic characterization of seafloor sediment in the western continental shelf of India was achieved using the echo features extracted from normal incidence single-beam echo sounder backscatter returns at 33 and 210 kHz. The nature and distribution of particulate matter in the Mandovi Estuary, central west coast of India Kessarkar, P.M.; Rao, V.P.; Shynu, R.; Mehra, P.; Viegas, B.E. Systematic seasonal variations of suspended particulate matter (SPM) along a 44-km transect of the Mandovi estuary reveal that the concentrations of SPM are low at river-end stations, increase generally seaward, and are highest at sea-end stations of the estuary. An estuarine turbidity maximum (ETM) occurs at sea-end stations during June-September when river discharge is high and also in February-May when river discharge is low. These are the two windiest times of year, the former associated with the southwest monsoon and the latter characterized by a persistent sea breeze. The salinity vs. SPM plot shows that high SPM is a seaward deposit and skewed landward. Suspended matter comprised of floccules, fecal pellets, and aggregates that consist of clay and biogenic particles occur everywhere in the estuary. Diatoms are the most common and are of marine type at the sea-end and freshwater dominated at river-end stations of the estuary. SPM is characterized Scanning electron microscope photographs of SPM from river-end stations (a–d) and from stations 5, by kaolinite- and smectite-rich clay 6, and 6a (e–h). (a–d) Floccules and aggregates together with centric and pennate diatoms. (e) Fecal pellets and centric diatoms, (f) high magnification photo of fecal pellet, (g) aggregate with microbial mineral suites at the river- and filaments (top right); (h) floccules adhered to marine diatoms sea-end stations, respectively. 53 Smectite concentrations increase seawards with the increase in SPM content and are not influenced by salinity. Wind driven waves and currents and biogeochemical processes at the mouth of estuary likely play an important role in the formation of ETM in resuspension and transformation of SPM into floccules and aggregates and in their upkeep or removal. Acoustic characterization of seafloor sediment employing a hybrid method of neural network architecture and fuzzy algorithm De, C.; Chakraborty, B. Seafloor sediment is characterized acoustically in the western continental shelf of India using the echo features extracted from normal incidence single-beam echo sounder backscatter returns at 33 and 210 kHz. The seafloor sediment characterization mainly depends on two important parameters: the number of sediment classes A plot showing concentrations of SPM at the regular station (right) and wind speed and direction in 24 h (left) on the day of sample collection. Star on the wind plot indicates prevailing in the area and the time of sample collection on that day selection of features having most prominent discriminating on a seasonal cycle in the Mandovi conspicuous. The strong NW and SW characteristics. In this letter, a Estuary, Goa indicate that the winds (3.2-3.7ms-1 ) and wind-driven method is proposed using average concentrations of SPM at the waves and currents seem to have Kohonen's self-organizing map to regular station are ~ 20mg/l, 5mg/l, acted effectively at the mouth of the estimate the maximum possible 19mg/l and 5mg/l for June- estuary in developing turbidity number of classes present in a given September, October-January, maximum. The impact of sea breeze data set, where no a priori February-April and May, respectively. appears nearly same as that of trade knowledge on sediment classes is SPM exhibits low-to-moderate winds and cannot be underestimated available. Applicability of this correlation with rainfall indicating in sediment resuspension and method at any site is illustrated that SPM is also influenced by other deposition. with simulated data. In addition, processes. Transect stations reveal another method is proposed to that the SPM at sea-end stations of select the three most discriminating Dynamics of formation of the estuary are at least two orders of echo features using a fuzzy ferromanganese nodules in magnitude greater than those at the algorithm. The comparison of the the Indian Ocean river-end during the monsoon. results with ground truth at two Mukhopadhyay, R.; Ghosh, A.K. Estuarine turbidity maximum (ETM) operating frequencies revealed that of nearly similar magnitude occurs at The ferromanganese nodule this hybrid method could be the same location in two periods, resources of the Indian Ocean Nodule efficiently used for sediment interrupted by a period with very low Field (IONF) are second only in the classification, without any a priori SPM concentrations. The ETM world in terms of metal content and information and applicable for a occurring in June-September is abundance. Since it was made wide range of frequencies. associated with low salinities; its known by Mero (1965) that several formation is attributed to the trillion tonnes of manganese nodules Wind-driven estuarine lay in the world oceans, extensive turbidity maxima in interactions between strong southwesterly winds (5.1-5.6ms-1 ) exploration for nodules has been Mandovi Estuary, central and wind-induced waves and tidal undertaken during the last four west coast of India currents and, dominant easterly river decades. The possibility of harvesting Kessarkar, P.M.; Rao, V.P.; Shynu, R.; Mir, flow at the mouth of the estuary. The an inexhaustible supply of nodules I.A.; Mehra, P.; Michael, G.S.; Sundar, D. ETM occurring in February-April is from oceans has resulted in Systematic studies on the suspended associated with high salinity and is formulation of several national and particulate matter (SPM) measured international programs. India started 54 her search for ferromanganese Stages 1, 3, 4 and interstitials of West Indian coastal current. The nodules in 1982. The investigations MIS-5 (5a, 5c & 5e) were all signatures of Bolling-Allerod and have resulted in a comprehensive associated with near-oxic Younger Dryas events are distinct in assessment of manganese nodule conditions. Overall, the lack of the records of magnetic susceptibility, resources at the ocean-level, and on enrichment of Mo and V above organic carbon (OC) and δ18O. Glacial inter-basin model for nodule growth, crustal abundance, and a high sediments show higher OC, CaCO3 , albeit with several inaccuracies. Re/Mo (ppm/ppm) ratio (avg. 18.2 x Ba, Mo, U and Cd, while the early-to- Some of the essential requirements 10-3 suggest that sediments of the late Holocene sediments show for the formation of nodules include southeastern Arabian Sea never increasing concentrations of OC, the availability of nucleating contained free H2 S during the last CaCO3 , Ba, Cu, Ni and Zn and materials, presence of metals in water 140 ka. These changes in the decreasing concentrations of Mo, U column and sediment, favourable bottom water oxygen content can be and Cd. Productivity induced low- tectonic and physiographic features, related to the oceanic circulation oxygenated bottom waters and helpful acoustically transparent pattern during this time and in part reducing sedimentary conditions sediment-water interface, low rate of are reflected in relationships during glaciation, and productivity sedimentation, presence of nutrient- between the timing of redox changes and oxygenated bottom waters in the rich bottom water mass and an and paleoproductivity proxies. Holocene are responsible for their oxidizing environment. An integrated variation. The core exhibits different assessment of process of formation of Paleoclimatic and diagenetic stages of diagenesis at different ferromanganese nodules from the history of the Late sediment intervals. The occurrence of IONF, which are variable even on Quaternary sediments in a fine-grained, low-coercivity, scale of metres is presented. This core from the southeastern ferrimagnetic mineral during glacial assessment has helped to evaluate Arabian Sea: Geochemical periods is indicative of its formation the metal potential of these nodules and magnetic signals in organic-rich, anoxic sediments, more realistically, and the model Rao, V.P.; Kessarkar, P.M.; Thamban, M.; which may be analogous to the should bring about a predictive Patil, S.K. diagenetic magnetic enhancement estimate of other nodule-bearing known in sapropels of the Geochemical and rock-magnetic areas in the world oceans. Mediterranean Sea and Japan Sea. investigations were carried out on a The glacial sediments exhibiting sediment core collected from the SE Bottom water oxygenation reductive diagenesis with anoxic Arabian Sea at 1420 m depth in history in southeastern sedimentary environment in this core oxygenated waters below the present- Arabian Sea during the past correspond to reductive diagenesis day oxygen minimum zone. The top 140 ka: Results from redox- and intermittent bioturbation 250 cm of the core sediments sensitive elements 18 (oxygenation) reported in another represent the last 35 kaBP. The δ O core in the vicinity. This suggests that Pattan, J.N.; Pearce, N.J.G. values of Globigerinoides ruber are the poorly oxygenated bottom water heaviest during the Last Glacial The concentrations of multiple conditions during glacial times Maximum (LGM) and appear redox-sensitive elements such as should not be generalized, but are unaffected by low-saline waters Re,U,Mo,Cd,V,Sb,andTlwere influenced locally by productivity, transported from the Bay of Bengal determined in sediments from the sedimentation rates and sediment by the strong northeast monsoon and southeastern Arabian Sea (9º21’ N: reworking. 71º59’ E) to understand the bottom water oxygenation history throughout the past 140 ka. The enrichment of redox-sensitive elements (Re, U, Cd and Sb) above average crustal abundances suggests that the Last Glacial Maxima (17.48 ka), stadials of Marine Isotope Stage (MIS)-5 (5b and 5d) and Glacial Termination (GT)-II (133 ka) were associated with suboxic bottom water conditions. Sediments deposited during these suboxic conditions show the highest Re content (up to 54 ppb normalized to a carbonate free basis) which is highly enriched over average continental crust (0.4 ppb) and these sediments appear to be the major sink for the global mass Down-core variations of OC/Al, Cd/Al, Mo/Al, U/Al and U/Sc in core SK 148/4. Small vertical balance estimation. Marine Isotope dashed line is the Al-normalized ratio of the Post-Archean Australian Shale (PAAS) 55 Seamount ferromanganese crusts in northern Indian Ocean: Genesis, paleoceanography, and resource potential Banakar, V.K. Changes in the chemistry of tropical Indian Ocean deep water during the last interglacial were driven by increased surface productivity, rather than shifting deepwater circulation, according to a recent geochemical analysis of marine sediments. In this study the authors have combined measurements of neodymium isotopes in marine sediments and stable carbon isotopes of the shells of bottom dwelling foraminifera to tease apart the influences of productivity and water source on Indian Ocean deepwater chemistry over the past 150,000 years. The neodymium isotope ratios suggest that the water masses that bathed the site during both the Holocene and the most recent interglacial period came from a similar source. However, the carbon isotopes indicate differing amounts of nutrients in the deep waters, which can sometimes be an indicator of different water masses. The team concludes that, instead, the higher nutrient concentrations during the last interglacial were driven by increased surface productivity and higher transport of organic matter from the surface to the deep ocean. Stages; MIS 1 and 5), and a Indian Ocean circulation occurs between major deep-water reduced proportion during glacials and productivity during the (MIS 2, 4, and 6), and also that last glacial cycle masses along flow paths within the Indian Ocean, so changes in water- changes occurred during MIS 3. Piotrowski, A.M.; Banakar, V.K.; Scrivner, mass provenance reflect changes The magnitude and timing of A.E.; Elderfield, H.; Galy, A.; Dennis, A. in deep-ocean circulation while deglacial and some MIS 3 The Indian Ocean is an important nutrient contents reflect addition variability is very similar to those part of the global thermohaline and dissolution of organic matter. in the RC11-83/TNO57-21 South circulation system, receiving deep Neodymium (Nd) and carbon (C) Atlantic deep Cape Basin Nd waters sourced from the Southern isotope records from an equatorial isotope record. Since the deep Ocean and being the location of Indian Ocean core (SK129-CR2) Cape Basin is oceanographically upwelling and surface-ocean spanning the last 150 kyr are upstream of the Indian Ocean from current flow which returns warm presented. The Nd isotope record a deep water circulation and salty waters to the Atlantic. It shows that an increased proportion perspective, the Nd isotopes is also an ideal location to of North Atlantic Deep Water suggest that Atlantic meridional reconstruct the link between (NADW) reached the Indian Ocean overturning circulation changes thermohaline circulation and deep- during interglacials (Marine Isotope were effectively propagated from water nutrient contents. No mixing the southeastern Atlantic into the central Indian Ocean via the Southern Ocean. Comparison of the Nd and C isotope records shows that deep-ocean circulation was decoupled from nutrient- content changes on glacial- interglacial timescales, in particular suggesting higher productivity during MIS 5. Increased equatorial productivity during MIS 5 is supported by benthic infaunal-epifaunal foraminiferal δ13 C gradients, as well as benthic foraminiferal δ13 C gradients along deep-water flow. Concurrent warming indicated by planktonic foraminiferal Mg/Ca during MIS 5 at the site is consistent with changing thermocline temperature and may Nd isotopes from Fe–Mn oxide leachates (red) compared to epifaunal benthic foraminifera indicate a link to surface-ocean δ13 Cibicidoides wuellerstorfi C (blue) and thermocline temperature from planktonic foraminifera hydrographic changes. Globigerinoides sacculifer (without the terminal sac), picked from the (250–350 µm) fraction. Thermocline temperature change during MIS 5 is denoted with the yellowbanding 56 Application of geological and geophysical methods in marine archaeology and underwater explorations Vora, K.H. India's long coastline provides multitudinous opportunities for maritime archaeological study of ports and offshore shipwrecks in depths. The present study involves botanical techniques to identify timber used for making the stock of anchor and its province. Also SEM and EDS techniques were deployed for analyzing coating material to find how iron was prevented from deterioration. stock. Wood, other than teak, such Analysis of timber and been tentatively dated contemporary with the maritime as Terminalia and Phoebe were also coating material on an iron used during the 16th and 17th anchor recovered off Aguada history of Goa and Portugal between the 16th and 17th centuries for anchor stocks Bay, Goa centuries. A thin and uniform coat because of their weight and Tripati, S.; Rao, B.R.; Shashikala, S.; Rao, of finely ground material has been endurance. This study is focused R.V.; Khedekar, V.D. noticed on the surface of the mainly on the anatomical analysis Distinct developments have been anchor and wooden stock, applied of timber to understand the timber observed in the evolution of stone for the endurance of the anchor species used in making the wooden and iron anchors. A wide variety of and the stock in tropical waters. stock of the anchor and its stone anchors have been reported The upper portion of the wooden probable provenance. In addition, a from Indian waters, preceding the stock was slightly weathered by the Scanning Electron Microscope and introduction of iron anchors by the wood borers and a deposit of an Energy Dispersive Spectrum Europeans. Recently, an Admiralty bivalves and growth of barnacles analysis of the thin coat on the Long Shanked iron anchor were also noticed on the flukes of iron anchor as well of the wooden measuring 3.30m long with a the anchor. The anatomical stock was done to infer the 4.37m wooden stock was recovered analysis of timber revealed that chemical composition of the fine off Aguada Bay, Goa at a water Terminalia spp. and Phoebe spp. powdered material applied. depth of 11 m. The anchor has timber were used for making the Recovered iron anchor with wooden stock 57 Marine pollution assessment and ecotoxicology Estuaries and their tributaries have a role to play towards coastal water quality. It is therefore important to study their physicochemical characteristics vis a vis those of coastal waters. In one such studies, observations were carried out in Devi estuary, a tributary of Mahanadi riverine system. Results of principal axis factoring and alpha factoring of the data obtained, indicated addition of phosphates and silicates to the coastal waters both during winter and summer. The anthropogenic nitrogenous species, as a fall out from modernization activities in the north, are more clearly observed off the mouth of the Devi estuary during the winter season. The study indicated that the Devi estuary adds sufficiently well-oxygenated, nutrient-rich water to the coastal waters. Geochemical characterization of major and trace elements in the coastal sediments off the Indian major river mouths have indicated metal enrichments in sediments close to the major urban areas in the east and west coasts associated with industrial activities. Genotoxic responses towards chronic exposure of diatoms Chaetoceros tenuissimus and Skeletonema costatum to water accommodated fraction of petroleum hydrocarbons (WAF-P) were evaluated as biomarkers of petroleum hydrocarbons pollution. Considering the degree of sensitivity to petroleum products and good growth under laboratory conditions, these two diatoms could be recommended as model species for evaluating ecogenotoxic effects of wide range of petroleum D'Silva, C. hydrocarbon pollutants using alkaline unwinding assays. Durga Prasad, P.V.S.S In another study, relationship between magnetic parameters and heavy metal .Kaisary, S. concentrations (Fe, Cu, Cr and Ni) showed a strong positive correlation in the east coast sediments, much less so in the case of the west coast. The results also suggest Mesquita, A.M.B. that the simple, rapid and non-destructive magnetic measurement can be used to Ray, D. detect heavy metal contamination and proxies for the measurement of heavy metals content in the coastal environment. Sarkar, A. Toxicity of organic compounds in aquatic system may be intensified by presence of certain inorganic species such as nitrite. In order to evaluate the effect of phenanthrene (PHE), a polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon, in the presence and - absence of NO2 , juvenile sea bass, Dicentrarchus labrax L, were exposed to PHE i.p. - and to NO2 in water, and several endpoints were measured at days 1, 3, and 6 of exposure. The presence of micronuclei was observed to be significantly higher only in sea bass treated with PHE alone, suggesting that different PHE metabolites, without - genotoxic properties, were formed in the presence of NO2 . Environmental magnetism and application in the continental shelf sediments of India Alagarsamy, R. Mineral magnetic and geochemical analyses were carried out on surface sediments from the continental shelf of India. The aim of this study was to examine the environmental assessment of heavy metal concentrations and its impact in the coastal environment using magnetic techniques and to gain an understanding on the factors controlling metal concentrations and distributions in the east and west coast of India. The strong relationships between Anhysteretic Remanent Magnetization (Chi ARM) and Plot of magnetic susceptibility and its concentration related parameters along the east and west coast of heavy metals can be explained by India 58 the role of iron oxides controlling metal concentrations, though the link is also reinforced by the strong tendency of Chi ARM to be associated with the finer particle sizes. Higher values of magnetic susceptibility, IRM20 mT and SIRM are associated with the east coast shelf sediments suggested the presence of high ferrimagnetic content, which can be derived from the weathering products of the Deccan Basalts. Chi ARM can be used as a normalizer for particle size effects in the way that Plot showing the variation of enrichment factor in the east and west coasts of India Aluminum (Al) is often used. The relationship between magnetic enrichments observed close to the tenuissimus with respect to DNA parameters and heavy metal major urban areas in the east and integrity and the DNA strand concentrations (Fe, Cu, Cr and Ni) west coasts are associated with the breaks in different concentrations showed a strong positive industrialised activities areas rich of WAF-P showed sufficient correlation in the east coast in Cu and Co in both the east and tolerance. However, its toxicity sediments, much less so in the west coast sediments. increased proportionately with case of the west coast. These Normalisation of metals to Al exposure to elevated levels of WAF- results suggested that the simple, indicated that high enrichment P. Although DNA damage in S. rapid and non-destructive factors are in the order of costatum was similar to C. magnetic measurement can be Ca>TiFe>Na>Mg>Co>Cu>Ga>V>Ba tenuissimus, its tolerance level to used as an indicator for the heavy except K and P depletion. This WAF-P was at least 5 times lower metal contamination and proxies indicated that the characteristic of than that of C. tenuissimus for the measurement of heavy estuarine sediment showed higher indicating its high sensitivity to metals content in the coastal level along the west coast of India, petroleum hydrocarbons. Active environment. which was reflected in the coastal growth was exhibited by C. sediments as similar to the source tenuissimus between 10 and 20% Geochemical of its origin from the riverine WAF-P (ranging from 0.59 to 1.18 characterisation of major composition and its abundances. mg/L petroleum hydrocarbons) and trace elements in the which can be related to the coastal sediments of India Evaluation of genotoxic polluted regions only, suggesting Alagarsamy, R.; Zhang, J. responses of Chaetoceros the tolerant nature of this Thirty-five surface sediment tenuissimus and organism. Considering the degree samples from the Indian Skeletonema costatum to of sensitivity to petroleum products continental shelf were recovered water accommodated and good growth under laboratory offshore from the mouths of the fraction of petroleum conditions, these two diatoms major rivers (Brahmaputra, hydrocarbons as biomarker could be recommended as model Ganges, Narmada, Tapti, Godavari, of exposure species for evaluating ecogenotoxic Krishna and Cauvery) discharging Desai, S.R.; Verlecar, X.N.; Ansari, Z.A.; . effects of wide range of petroleum into the coastal region of both east Jagtap, T.G.; Sarkar, A.; Vashistha, D.; hydrocarbon pollutants using Dalal, S.G. and west coasts were analysed alkaline unwinding assays. using inductively coupled plasma Genotoxic responses towards atomic emission spectroscopy for chronic exposure of Chaetoceros Physico-chemical selected major (i.e. Al, Ca, Fe, K, tenuissimus and Skeletonema characteristics of the coastal Ti, Mg and Na) and trace elements costatum to water accommodated water off Devi estuary, (e.g. Ba, Co, Cr, Cu, Ga, Ni, P and fraction of petroleum hydrocarbons Orissa and evaluation of its V), after total dissolution. The main (WAF-P) were evaluated as seasonal changes using objectives are to understand the biomarkers of petroleum chemometric techniques processes controlling major and hydrocarbons pollution. The DNA Pradhan, U.K.; Shirodkar, P.V.; Sahu, B.K. trace elements in the surface damage caused by water Devi estuary is one of the major sediments and to identify natural accommodated fraction of tributaries of the Mahanadi and anthropogenic sources in the petroleum hydrocarbons was riverine system in Orissa. coastal environment using assessed in terms of the DNA Modernization and statistically regressed elemental integrity measured by alkaline industrialization in its concentrations to establish unwinding assay. The comparative neighborhood in the north in the regional baseline levels. Metal study of the growth pattern of C. 59 - recent past have greatly influenced indicated the addition of as nitrite (NO2 ). In order to many tributaries of the Mahanadi phosphates and silicates to the evaluate the effect of phenanthrene and the adjacent coastal coastal water by the Devi estuary (PHE), a polycyclic aromatic environments. To trace the from natural sources during both hydrocarbon, in the presence and - influence of this modernization the seasons. The anthropogenic absence of NO2 , juvenile sea bass, activity further down south off Devi nitrogenous species, as a fallout Decentrarchus labrax L, were - estuary and to understand the from modernization activities in the exposed to PHE i.p. and to NO2 in quality of the Devi estuarine water north, are more clearly observed off water, and several endpoints were reaching the coastal region, the mouth of the Devi estuary measured at days 1, 3, and 6 of investigations on physicochemical during the winter season. The exposure. Sea bass exposed to PHE parameters (temperature, pH, study indicated that the Devi exhibited lower hepatic 7- salinity, dissolved oxygen), estuary adds sufficiently well- ethoxyresorufin O-deethylase including dissolved nutrients (PO4 - oxygenated, nutrient-rich water to (EROD) activity as compared to the P, NO32 -N, NO -N, SiO 4 -Si) were the coastal region. control group. The activity of the carried out in the water off the phase II enzyme, glutathione S- mouth of the Devi estuary, during Phenanthrene and nitrite transferase (GST), was similar in different months of the summer effects on juvenile sea bass, all the groups of fish. The and winter seasons in 2006–07. Dicentrarchus labrax, using concentration of PHE metabolites, The multivariate statistics and hepatic biotransformation determined as fluorescent aromatic principal component analysis enzymes, biliary compounds, was nearly 14 times applied to the datasets, indicated fluorescence, and higher both in the presence and - three factors each during the micronuclei as biomarkers absence of NO2 , showing that even summer and winter seasons Reis-Henriques, M.A.; Ferreira, M.; at low EROD activities this PAH is influencing the water to the extent Coimbra, A.M.; DeSilva, C.; Shailaja, M.S. metabolized. The presence of of 77 and 80% respectively. micronuclei was observed to be Aquatic organisms may absorb Principal axis factoring and alpha significantly higher only in sea organic compounds mainly from factoring have been used to bass treated with PHE alone, water and by ingestion of observe the mode of association of suggesting that different PHE contaminated food. The toxicity of parameters and their metabolites, without genotoxic such compounds may be interrelationships, for evaluating properties, were formed in the intensified by the presence of - water quality during the summer presence of No . certain inorganic compounds such 2 and winter seasons. The results 60 Paleoceanography of the northern Indian Ocean - An interdisciplinary approach Chauhan, O.S. Climate change is one of the severe challenges faced by the human beings. Our own Naidu, P.D. activities have often been cited as the cause for intensifying the climatic changes. However, the role of anthropogenic activities in climatic change is not clear. The study Naik, S. of climatic changes during the past with conditions similar as that of today but without anthropogenic influence can help infer role of humans in modulating Nigam, R. climate. It requires study of both the modern environments as well as the past. It is Paropkari ,A.L. relatively easy to study the modern environmental conditions by carrying out various investigations in field and laboratory. The study of past conditions is based on Ramaswamy, V. indirect techniques or proxies. As part of this project, we study the effect of Saraswat, R. anthropogenic activities on modern environment, especially the estuaries and coastal waters, by using various biogeochemical parameters. In addition, laboratory Shirodkar, P.V. culture experiments are conducted to develop techniques to understand environmental conditions during the past. The past environmental/climatic conditions are reconstructed by using mainly the sedimentological and micropaleontological parameters. Investigations of an intense cyclone passage. The Terra-MODIS (mouth, cargo jetty, oil jetty and aerosol loading during 2007 and AVHRR satellite images junction), indicated significant cyclone SIDR - A study showed prevalence of dust particles increases in nutrients, petroleum using satellite data and mixed with emissions from hydrocarbons (PHc) and phenols ground measurements over anthropogenic sources and from anthropogenic additions, Indian region biomass-burning AS, while the while increases in turbidity, total suspended solids (TSS) and salinity Badarinath, K.V.S.; Kharol, S.K.; Sharma, aerosol loading over BoB was A.R.; Ramaswamy, V.; Kaskaoutis, D.G.; significantly lower. The positive from natural effects. Principal Kambezidis, H.D. values of Aerosol index (AI) Component Analyses (PCA) of the obtained from the Ozone data indicated port activities Tropical cyclones are prominent Monitoring Instrument (OMI) contaminating the creek water by weather systems characterized by suggested the presence of an fallout from loading and unloading high atmospheric pressure elevated aerosol layer over the west of fertilizer and raw materials; gradients and wind speeds. Intense coast of India, AS and Thar Desert petroleum, oil and lubricants (POL) tropical cyclones occur in India during and after the cyclone and the boat traffic. Strong macro during the pre-monsoon (spring), episode. Meteorological parameters tidal currents increase turbidity early monsoon (early summer), or from the MM5 mesoscale model and TSS, while the high salinity post-monsoon (fall) periods. were used to study the variations water from creek tributaries Originating in both the Bay of in winds associated with the formed from intense evaporation Bengal (BoB) and the Arabian Sea cyclonic activity. Particulate matter during summer, and the seepage of (AS), these tropical cyclones often loading over the region during the brines in the creek from nearby attain velocities of >100 km h -1 cyclone period increased by ~45% salt pans during monsoonal and are notorious for causing with an accompanying decrease in drainage increase the salinity of intense rain and storm surge as columnar aerosol optical depth. creek water. Despite the presence they cross the Indian coast. The The variations in Angstrom of large nutrients, the decreasing changes in the aerosol properties parameters suggested coarse-mode chlorophyll a (Chl a) and primary associated with an intense tropical particle loading due to dust productivity (PP) during monsoon cyclone `SIDR`, that occurred aerosols as observed in satellite indicated detrimental effects of during 11-16 November 2007 over data. turbidity, suspended solids, BoB is examined. This cyclone, phenols and PHc. The quality of accompanied with very strong -1 Influence of anthropogenic creek water evaluated based on surface winds reaching 223 km h , activities on the existing overall index of pollution (OIP), caused extensive damage over environmental conditions of calculated from the water quality Bangladesh. Ground-based index (WQI) of each parameter, measurements of Aerosol Optical Kandla Creek (Gulf of Kutch) suggested polluted water at Depth (AOD) in the neighboring Shirodkar, P.V.; Pradhan, U.K.; Fernandes, D.; Haldankar, S.R.; Rao, G.S. junction, oil jetty and at cargo urban environment of Hyderabad, jetty; while a slightly polluted water India, showed significant variations Water characteristics of Kandla at the creek mouth during pre- due to changes in wind velocity creek, monitored seasonally from monsoon and monsoon seasons. and direction associated with the 2002 to 2006 at four locations 61 During postmonsoon, the slightly texture and dilution of sediment polluted water was observed at all components. the four locations. The study indicated that the strong ebb Evaluation of the CaCO3 currents in the creek however dissolution proxies in transport anthropogenic nutrients, sediment cores from above PHc and phenols to the inner Gulf the lysocline of Kutch. Naik, S.S.; Naidu, P.D. Calcium carbonate analyses were Apportionment of sources carried out from two size fractions affecting water quality: Case (<63μm and >63μm) from the study of Kandla Creek, Gulf Ocean Drilling Program Sites 752 of Katchchh and 715 collected from above the Dalal, S.G.; Shirodkar, P.V.; Verlekar, X.N.; lysocline depth in the Indian Jagtap, T.G.; Rao, G.S. Ocean, to evaluate the calcium Observation of a large dataset carbonate size index as collected over various seasons of paleocarbonate ion proxy in these the year in Kandla Creek, Gulf of cores. Size index values varied Katchchh, India, to identify and from 69 to 81 at Site 752 and assess the contributions of the showed a similar pattern with that sources affecting the water quality of total carbonate content at this were studied. Principal site. High values of size index and components analysis was applied the location of this site, far from to simplify and understand the any landmass, suggest that only complex relationships among water changes in productivity of overlying quality parameters. Five principal waters are responsible for the components were found observed variations. Low values of responsible for the data structure size index at Site 715 suggest and 76% of the total variance of supralysoclinal dissolution, the the data set. Absolute principal inverse relation between size index component scores receptor model variations and the total CaCO3 provided apportionment of various content shows that the total sources contributing to the water Linear sedimentation rate (a), calcium carbonate carbonate variations are controlled content (b), organic carbon content (c), by the finer fraction composed of quality. Studies reveal that the port aluminium content (d) and titanium content (e) activities contributed 80% of the in core AAS 38-4 juvenile foraminifera, foraminifera observed turbidity, 70% of fragments and coccolithophores. suspended solids and 68% of during the Holocene and Last This further confirms the observed petroleum hydrocarbons; variations of CaCO3 content of the Glacial Period. High CaCO3 and low agricultural runoff contributed Al and Ti during the Holocene, and <63 mm fraction, which follows the ~ 69% of the observed phosphate, trend of total CaCO3 content. This low CaCO3 and high Al and Ti ~ 57% of the nitrate, and 63% of during the Last Glacial Period study demonstrates that apart the nitrite; and industrial from factors such as breakup of suggest that CaCO3 content in discharges contributed 92% of the these two cores appears to be shells after burial due to organic observed ammonia. controlled by the dilution of matter respiration and dilution due terrigenous material. The supply of to terrigenous material, changes in Carbonate and organic terrigenous material to the core surface water productivity and carbon content changes over sites was higher during the Last coccolithophores might be a last 20 ka in the Glacial Period than in the constraint to use size index as a Southeastern Arabian Sea: Holocene. Organic carbon values paleocarbonate ion proxy for Paleoceanographic were lower (<2%) during the sediments from above the implications Holocene and higher (>2%) during lysocline. Narayana, A.C.; Naidu, P.D.; Shinu, N.; the Last Glacial Period in core AAS Nagabhushanam, P.; Sukhija, B.S. 38-4; but the opposite was found Evaporation-precipitation in core AAS 38-5. This inconsistent changes in the eastern Two Gravity cores (AAS 38-4 and Arabian Sea for the last 68 AAS 38-5) recovered from the pattern of organic carbon changes in the two cores studied indicates ka: Implications on monsoon eastern Arabian Sea were analyzed variability for calcium carbonate (CaCO3), that the distribution of organic Govil, P.; Naidu, P.D. organic carbon, aluminium (Al) and carbon in the eastern Arabian Sea titanium (Ti) in order to is controlled not only by the supply Variations in sea surface understand the calcium carbonate of organic matter from the water temperature (SST), δ18O of sea and terrigenous fluctuations column but also by sediment water (δ18Ow), and salinity were 62 strengthening of southwest monsoon. Monsoon reconstructions based on δ18Ow reveal that monsoon-driven precipitation was higher during MIS 3 and MIS 1 and was lower during MIS 2 and MIS 4. This is consistent with earlier monsoon reconstructions based on upwelling indices from the western Arabian Sea. However, the amplitude of monsoon fluctuations derived through upwelling indices and 18 Ow varies significantly, which may indicate spatial variability of monsoon rainfall. Effects of sudden stress due to heavy metal mercury on benthic foraminifer Rosalina leei: Laboratory culture experiment Nigam, R.; Linshy, V.N.; Kurtarkar, S.R.; Saraswat, R. Laboratory culture experiments were carried out to understand the response of benthic foraminifer Rosalina leei to gradual as well as sudden addition of heavy metal mercury into the media. When mercury was added suddenly, specimens did not show any change in morphology during the initial 40 days. However, later on, out of all the specimens subjected to mercury concentrations up to 150 ng/l, 75% developed deformities, whereas all the specimens subjected to 150–275 ng/l Hg concentrations, had deformed chambers. All specimens kept at 300 ng/l Hg concentration died within 20 days. In addition to this, irregularities were also Profiles of sea surface temperature (SST) for (a) core AAS9/21 are compared with SST of (b) ODP 723 observed in the rate of (c) NIOP929, (d) SK17. Two warm events, Arabian Sea warm event 1 (ASW1) and Arabian Sea warm event 2 (ASW2), were documented during MIS 2 . Note ASW1 event in AAS9/21 and SK 17 was a reproduction, number of juveniles part of deglaciation warming in the EAS. Shading and unshaded stages represents glacial and produced and the survival rate of interglacial marine isotopes stages the juveniles. Where as in an earlier experiment where Hg concentration was increased reconstructed for the past 68 ka there was a 2ºC increase within the gradually, irregularities in the using a sediment core (AAS9/21) Holocene. MIS 4 records higher 18 newly added chambers were from the eastern Arabian Sea (EAS) δ O and salinity values than MIS W noticed only in case of specimens in order to understand the changes 2, suggesting variable flow of low- subjected to very high (180 ng/l) in evaporation and precipitation salinity Bay of Bengal flow into the Hg concentration. However, during associated with the monsoon EAS during glacial periods. The this experiment, growth was found system. The Mg/Ca-derived SST transition from MIS 4 to MIS 3 was to be inversely proportional to the record varies by ~ 4ºC; it shows marked with a conspicuous shift 18 mercury concentration. that marine isotope stage (MIS) 4 from higher to lower δ Ow values, was warmer than MIS 3, that the which reflects a decrease in the Last Glacial Maximum was 4ºC evaporation precipitation budget in cooler than the present, and that the EAS, perhaps due to the 63 Autonomous vehicles and instrumentation for oceanography Afzalpurkar, S . Desa, E.S. The small AUV [ Autonomous Underwater Vehicle ] Maya is the first indigenous development of underwater robot technology in India. Maya was interfaced to Madhan, R. onboard sensors of dissolved oxygen, chlorophyll, turbidity, temperature and depth and used in monitoring the water quality environment of Idukki Reservoir in May Mascarenhas, A.A.M.Q. 2006 during a series of staircase dives to the bottom of the reservoir. The use of Navelkar, G.S. AUVs in confined spaces of small lakes and reservoirs is new and uncommon requiring robust safety software. Key aspects of Maya are described namely, its novel mechanical design, the autopilots which control the heading and cruising depth, and safety and endurance of the vehicle. The data acquired by Maya revealed an acute oxygen deficiency at 21m, a mid-water low turbidity layer between 10 to 15m, and a prominent chlorophyll maximum below the thermo-cline of Idukki waters at 6m. These experiments were repeated a year later in May 2007 and were found to be in unambiguous agreement with the 2006 findings of hypoxia. To the best of our knowledge, these are the first observations of hypoxic processes using a small AUV in any Indian lake. Our results show close similarities to hypoxia in saline coastal waters of the West Coast of India. The detection of annual confined spaces like small lakes prominent chlorophyll maximum in hypoxia in a low latitude and reservoirs is new and the thermocline region of Idukki freshwater reservoir in uncommon, requiring extra safety waters at 6 m. These experiments Kerala, India, using the to be implemented. As this is a were repeated a year later in May small AUV Maya prototype AUV, it has been 2007 and were in unambiguous Desa, E.S.; Madhan, R.; Maurya, P.K.; described in brief the key aspects agreement with the 2006 findings Navelkar, G.S.; Mascarenhas, A.A.M.Q.; of the vehicle attributes, namely, of hypoxia. These are the first Prabhudesai, S.; Afzulpurkar, S.; Desa, E.; its novel mechanical design, the observations of hypoxic processes Pascoal, A.M.; Nambiar, M. autopilots that control the heading using a small AUV in any Indian The Idukki Reservoir at an altitude and cruising depth, and the safety lake. The relevance of these results of 748 m covering an area of and endurance of the platform. The in freshwater systems shows 53 km2 is surrounded by tropical data acquired by Maya revealed an similarities to hypoxia in saline forests in the Western Ghats in the acute oxygen deficiency at 21 m, a coastal waters of the west coast of southwestern Indian state of mid-water low turbidity layer India. Kerala. The small autonomous between 10 m and 15 m, and a underwater vehicle (AUV) Maya with onboard sensors of dissolved oxygen, chlorophyll, turbidity, temperature, and depth to monitor the water quality environment of the Idukki Reservoir was used in May 2006. The use of AUVs in 64 Marine environmental studies for sustainable developments in the coastal zone of India Gajbhiye, S.N. Coastal zones extending from coastal plains across the continental shelves are Jaiswar, A.R.S. characterised by strong gradients in environmental and ecological properties. Marine environmental changes are driven, directly and indirectly, by various Jiyalal, R.M.J. anthropogenic activities such as withdrawal of seawater for industrial (cooling, Naidu, V.S. desalination, raw material) and traditional (salt manufacture, aquaculture) uses as well as release of domestic and industrial wastes in coastal areas. Awareness of the Rakesh, P.S. quality of coastal ecosystems being negatively impacted by multiple driving forces Sarma, R.V. has accelerated efforts to assess, monitor and mitigate coastal stressors. Given the above scenario the impacts of various anthropogenic activities in and around Sukumaran,.S Mumbai, the commercial hub of India, on its coastal waters have been investigated. Polychaete diversity and its relevance in the rapid environmental assessment of Mumbai Port Sukumaran, S.; SaralaDevi, K. The diversity and spatial patterns of polychaetes, a proven proxy for environmental assessment studies, were studied in 28 stations covering subtidal and intertidal segments as well as bunders and docks of the Mumbai Port. Univariate and multivariate analyses of polychaete data were used to determine the level of environmental degradation in various segments of the port area. The dominance of the deposit feeder, Paraprionospio pinnata along with a reduction in species Concentration of Hg (red) and Corg (blue) in surficial sediment of Amba Estuary during different diversity can be considered as sampling events indicator of stressed conditions. Mercury enrichment in metal to the estuary. Thane Creek) for 40 years, caused sediments of Amba estuary Geoaccumulation index and widespread contamination of the Ram, A.; Rokade, M.A.; Zingde, M.D. enrichment factor support Hg surrounding environment. contamination of the estuarine Untreated wastewater from the Concentrations of Hg, total organic sediment to a varying degree. Hg is plant was discharged to Thane carbon (TOC), Al, Fe and Mn were not significantly correlated with Creek for several years. Thane determined in sediment of the TOC, Al, Fe and Mn in these Creek joins to Ulhas Estuary, an Amba Estuary between the mouth sediments. impacted estuary by mercury (Hg) and the head over a distance of 24 released by several industries km in December and May during Post depositional memory including two chlor-alkali 1997-2002. Temporal and spatial record of mercury in industries by a narrow arm and changes in metal concentrations sediment near effluent opens to Arabian Sea through appear to be due to sediment disposal site of a chlor-alkali Mumbai Harbour. In order to movement associated with tidal plant in Thane Creek- understand historical record of movements. The Hg concentration anthropogenic Hg and its -1 Mumbai Harbour, India varies in 0.05-2.66 μg g range Ram, A.; Rokade, M.A.; Zingde, M.D.; association to Al, Fe and total and the profiles of its variation Borole, D.V. organic carbon (TOC),estimation of indicate Patalganga River that Hg, Al, Fe and TOC was made in opens in the Amba Estuary is a A mercury–cell chlor-alkali plant surface sediments and cores from major source of anthropogenic operating at Airoli (eastern bank of Thane Creek-Mumbai Harbour 65 established, is discussed in terms of progressive removal of Hg from the effluent after mid-1970s and partial changeover of the manufacturing process from Hg cell to membrane cell production subsequent to 1992. Based on reported sedimentation rate in the locality, maximum concentration (49.19μg g-1 dw) of Hg represents the year 1967, when the chlor- alkali plant started discharging its untreated effluent to the creek. Results indicate that >80% of Hg settles in the vicinity of its discharge and once deposited in the sediment, it is not affected to any substantial degree by diagenesis. Impact of the changing ecology on intertidal polychaetes in an anthropogenically stressed tropical creek, India Quadros, G.; Sukumaran, S.; Athalye, R.P. Polychaete assemblages and associated environment of 12 strategically selected intertidal stations along the extremely polluted Thane creek on the west coast of India were studied monthly for a year and compared with past available data to investigate changes in the creek ecology due to various anthropogenic activities like industrial, domestic, and solid waste disposal along with land reclamation. Shannon's index (H1 ) varied spatially from 0.4 to 1.5, Margalef richness index (d) from 0.4 to 1.1, and evenness index (J) from 0.3 to 0.7 indicating poor polychaete diversity. Ceratonereis Hg(μg/g) anthropogenic(Al) Hg(μg/g) anthropogenic(Fe) Hg(μg/g) anthropogenic(C ) burmensis and Lycastis indica were the most abundant and (Bay) and the adjacent coastal the catchment area were analyzed omnipresent polychaetes in the area. Though 70 % of the plant has to find out natural background of creek indicating their tolerance and been changed to membrane-cell Hg. Lithogenic and anthropogenic adaptability to various degrees of based technology, surficial Hg buried in marine sediments is pollution. Hydro-sedimentological sediment in the vicinity of effluent quantified based on normalization investigations revealed release contain high concentration with Al, Fe and TOC and inter- enhancement of total nitrogen (TN) μ -1 (upto 1.19 g g dw.) of Hg as comparisons of results indicate and organic carbon (C org ) load and compared to its background value comparable values obtained by hypoxic levels of dissolved oxygen (0.10μg g -1 dw.). The contaminated using Al and Fe while discernible (DO) over the years. Silt component creek sediments are prone to deviations are found when of sediment was increasing, with current-driven resuspension and calculated by using TOC. The Hg proportionate decrease in clay due are acting as a strong source of Hg profile in core from the effluent to various anthropogenic to the sediment of coastal region. release site for which disturbances. Species richness was Several rocks and sediments from sedimentation rate has been correlated positively with clay and 66 negatively with silt. The BIO-ENV analyses indicated the strong - influence of NO3 - N, clay and TN on the distribution patterns of polychaetes. Pollution-tolerant polychaetes like Lycastis ounaryensis and Polydora tentaculata were getting replaced by more pollution-resistant species like C. burmensis in the creek due to changing sediment texture, reduced oxygen levels, and increased Corg and TN. Diagenesis and bioavailability of mercury in the contaminated sediments of Ulhas Estuary, India Ram, A.; Borole, D.V.; Rokade, M.A.; Zingde, M.D. Sequential extraction of Hg was performed in a core collected from intertidal area in Ulhas Estuary in order to characterize the downward distribution and diagenetic behavior of Hg in a polluted Concentration of Hg in different leachates of estuary. Concentration of total Hg sequential extraction. (BS) base soluble fraction, μ -1 (AS) acid soluble fraction, (OX) oxidizable ranged between 0.46 and 6.40 g g fraction, (PW) porewater with significant decrease in surficial sediment as a result of closing of two Hg-cell based chlor- alkali plants. Results of sequential is concluded that there is no extraction showed that >65% Hg significant diagenetic was strongly bound to organo- remobilization of Hg in Ulhas sulphur and inorganic sulphide Estuary. This core also has been species that are not bioavailable. analyzed for 210 Pb geochronology. Flux of only 18.8% of Hg was found The estimated sedimentation rate compared to its value deposited on is 0.31 cm y-1 in the present sediment–water interface. Hence, it sampling region. 67 Structure, tectonics and morphology of ECMI and Bengal Fan Lakshiminarayana, S. As part of monsoon and climate variability studies of the Indian Ocean, an Murty, G.P.S. observational component has been designed by the international community for the Murty, V.S.N. Indian Ocean Observing System (Indoos) program under the Indian Ocean Global Ocean Observation System (IOGOOS). A sub-program of Indoos, named as the Rao, B.P. Research moored Array for African-Asian-Australian Monsoon Analysis and Rao, K.M. prediction (RAMA), consists of surface moorings for the collection and satellite transmission of upper ocean data along with surface meteorological data and deep- Rao, T.V.N. sea moorings for sub-surface and deep currents. The scientific rationale for the Sarma, K.V.L.N.S. development of RAMA, instruments being deployed in RAMA and the results from various existing observing systems and process oriented experiments are Subrahmanyam, V. highlighted. The Geophysics group continued their studies on land-ocean tectonics Subramanyam, A.S. towards understanding the factors responsible for the recent seismic activity over coastal and near shore regions of the Eastern Continental Margin of India in relation Sudarshan, R. to the Krishna-Godavari basin. The Research Moored Array Monsoon Analysis and contours over offshore Krishna for African-Asian-Australian Prediction (RAMA), a new Basin between 40 and 1000m Monsoon Analysis and observational network designed water depth whereas between Prediction to address outstanding Krishna and Godavari Rivers, McPhaden, M.J.; Meyers, G.; Ando, K.; scientific questions related to the pattern shows relatively Masumoto, Y.; Murty, V.S.N.; Indian Ocean variability and wider shelf from 40 m to slope Ravichandran, M.; Syamsudin, F.; Vialard, the monsoons. RAMA is a regions up to 2500 m water J.; Yu, L.; Yu, W. multinationally supported depth. The band of depth The Indian Ocean is unique element of the Indian Ocean contours ranging from 1000 to among the three tropical ocean Observing System (IndOOS), a 2400 m appears to be sheared basins in that it is blocked at combination of complementary and bounded by fault 25ºN by the Asian landmass. satellite and in situ lineaments. The NW-SE Seasonal heating and cooling of measurement platforms for trending topographic rise of the land sets the stage for climate research and 500meters from the adjacent dramatic monsoon wind forecasting. The study seafloor of 1750 meters reversals, strong ocean- discusses the scientific observed in multi-beam atmosphere interactions, and rationale, design criteria, and bathymetry study. The intense seasonal rains over the implementation of the array. landward extension of this Indian subcontinent, Southeast Initial RAMA data are presented topographic rise, well depicted Asia, East Africa, and to illustrate how they in the multibeam bathymetry Australia. Recurrence of these contribute to improved contours probably abuts trend monsoon rains is critical to documentation and of the Bhimavaram-Tanuku agricultural production that understanding of phenomena ridge at the coast. The total supports a third of the world's in the region. intensity magnetic anomaly population. The Indian Ocean map exhibits two major trends also remotely influences the Land-ocean tectonic in NE-SW and NW-SE evolution of El Nino-Southern signatures of the Krishna- directions. The NE-SW trending Oscillation (ENSO), the North Godavari Basin, a qualitative wide curvilinear anomaly zone Atlantic Oscillation (NAO), evaluation approximately runs parallel to North American weather, and Subrahmanyam, A.S.; Subrahmanyam, V.; the coast within the water hurricane activity. Despite its Sarma, K.V.L.N.S.; Murty, G.P.S.; Murthy, depths of 1000 -2500 meters K.S.R. importance in the regional and off Ongole to Kakinada. This global climate system though, The bathymetry data of Anomaly Zone is sheared and the Indian Ocean is the most Krishna-Godavari Offshore block shifted by an intervening poorly observed and least well Basin reveal that the water NW–SE trending anomaly zone understood of the three tropical depths in the area vary from 40 bounded by two fault oceans. This study describes m (near shore) to 3000 m lineaments which may be the the Research Moored Array for (offshore). The data indicate offshore extension of on land African-Asian-Australian high gradient tightly packed river lineaments off Vasishta 68 Godavari and off Krishna River. The NW-SE trending contour pattern of zone clearly depicts that there is a marked change in the coastal tectonics as evidenced from concavity of the coast. From this study it is summarized that it is highly essential to link coastal and offshore lineaments from geophysical data vis-a-vis earthquake activity of entire Eastern Continental Margin of India (ECMI) in order to understand the factors responsible for the recent seismic activity over coastal and near shore regions. Map showing the total intensity magnetic anomalies. Land-ocean tectoni lineaments are shown. The anomaly zones are denoted as A, B and C 69 Tectonic controls and hydrothermal processes along the slow spreading mid-ocean ridges and the Andaman trench-backarc system, Indian Ocean Kamesh Raju, K.A. Mudholkar, A.V. Mid-oceanic ridges are the primary sites of volcanic activity and generation of new crust. Studies of mid-ocean ridges in the Indian Ocean and the Andaman spreading Yateesh, V. centre were initiated by the CSIR and MoES to understand the geological processes, and to explore for hydrothermal mineral resources that occur at the active hydrothermal vent fields located at these divergent plate boundaries. Highlights of recently published studies are described below. Distinctive positive Ce and Eu anomalies observed in down core variations of rare earth elements (REEs) in the Andaman Sea are ascribed to be due to oxidation of deep sea sediments (Alagarsamy et al., 2010). Possible detrital and diagenetic contributions were derived based on elemental concentration, magnetic susceptibility (c), grain size and clay mineral distribution, and sedimentation rate from six sediment cores of Carlsberg Ridge (Valsangkar et al. 2009). Studies on inactive hydrothermal field discovered near Kings Triple Junction (KTJ) in northern Lau back-arc basin during a cruise of R/V Akademik Mstislav Keldysh provided in- sights in to the formation processes of different hydrothermal deposits (Paropkari et al., (2010). Potential diagenetic and detrital sources for calcareous sediments from the Carlsberg Ridge, Indian Ocean Valsangkar, A.B.; Borole, D.V.; Shejwalkar, A.S.; Kalangutkar, N.G.; Fernandes, N.O.; Dias, C.C. Six sediment cores from the Carlsberg Ridge (CR) were studied for elemental concentration, magnetic susceptibility (χ), grain size and clay mineral distribution, and sedimentation rate to decipher possible detrital and diagenetic contributions. The sediments were characterized by very low , moderate total organic carbon, Sample locations in axial valley and flank region of Carlsberg Ridge with bathymetry contours high CaCO3 content and high accumulation rate (3 cm/ kyr). Clay mineralogical and Determination of rare earth, Fe-Mn oxides of a sediment core geochemical data suggest major major and trace elements in (covering a record of last ~ 40 kyr) continental source from the authigenic fraction of from the Andaman Sea, a part of Arabian Sea, and very low Mn Andaman Sea (Northeastern the Indian Ocean shows distinctive distribution, absence of tephra and Indian Ocean) sediments by positive Ce and Eu anomalies. These positive Ce anomalies (Ce = characteristic magnetic signatures inductively coupled plasma- 1.1 ~ 1.8) are ascribed to be due to rule out volcanic or hydrothermal mass spectrometry input. Consistent peaks around oxidation of deep sea sediments. Alagarsamy, R.; You, C.-F.; Nath, B.N.; 10, 25, 45, 60 and 80 cm depth The large positive Eu anomalies SijinKumar, A.V. and high uranium are due to (i.e., Eu > 1.8 to 3.2) occur within a sedimentary diagenesis. Downcore variation of rare earth time span near the elements (REEs) in the authigenic glacial/interglacial transition (~ 70 7000-14,000 yr BP) which could be due to the past hydrothermal activity or to the effects arising from sea level changes. During glacial times, the Andaman Sea was almost completely isolated due to low sea level, leading to a reduction in sediment supply from the Ayeyarwady River. The variations of metal abundances (i.e., Ca, Al, Mn, and Fe) in the authigenic fraction provided independent information to evaluate the water column physicochemical changes during the glacial/interglacial transition period. The studied sediment core records changes in riverine inputs and reflects depositional changes related to sea level fluctuations and climatic events over the past 40 kyr in the Andaman Sea. Formation of hydrothermal deposits at Kings Triple Junction, northern Lau back-arc basin, SW Pacific: The geochemical Hydrothermal sulfide samples showing sub-sections studied presently (left frames) and their chondrite perspectives (C-1) normalized rare earth element patterns (right frames). (A) The pedestal slab, M-2226-5 with Paropkari, A.L.; Ray, D.; Balaram, V.; four sections (L-1 to L-4). (B) The peripheral chimney M-2226-6/12 with six sections (S-1 to S-6) and Prakash, L.S.; Mirza, I.H.; Satyanarayana, (C) the Fe and Mn oxide precipitate, M-2226-12 with two sections (B-12 and O-12) M.; Rao, T.G.; Kaisary, S. An inactive hydrothermal field was discovered near Kings Triple Junction (KTJ) in northern Lau higher temperatures than the formation of these different back-arc basin during 19th cruise sphalerite dominated peripheral hydrothermal deposits based on of R/V Akademik Mstislav Keldysh chimney. Extremely low their mineralogy and geochemistry. in 1990. The field consisted of a concentration of high field strength large elongated basal platform 'the elements (e.g. Zr, Hf, Nb and Ta) pedestal' with several 'small' and enrichment of light REE in chimneys on its periphery and one these sulfides indicate prominent 'main mound' superposed over it. influence of aqueous arc-magma, The surrounding region is carpeted rich in subduction components. with lava pillows having The oxide growths in the ferromanganese 'precipitate' as 'Christmas Tree' Field have two infillings. The adjoining second distinct layers, Fe rich orange-red field consisted of small chimney basal part which seems to have like growths termed as 'Christmas formed at very low temperature as Tree' Field. The basal pedestal, the precipitates from diffused peripheral chimneys and small hydrothermal flows from the 'Christmas Tree' like growths seafloor whereas Mn rich black (samples collected by MIR surface coating is formed from submersibles), though parts of the hydrothermal fluids emanated from same hydrothermal field differ the seafloor during another episode significantly in their mineralogy of hydrothermal activity. Perhaps and elemental composition this is for the first time such indicating different history of unique hydrothermal oxide formation. The pedestal slab growths are being reported in consisting of chalcopyrite and association with hydrothermal pyrite as major minerals and rich system. Here, we discuss the in Cu is likely to have formed at possible processes responsible for 71 Applications of marine geo-scientific methods to study seabed and sub-seabed geological features of near shore region of India Chaubey, A.K. The project is providing quality geo-scientific services and advisories through its Gujar, A.R. research and development activates using state-of-art technology to various Jauhari, P. industries. The project is equipped with necessary exploratory system to undertake systematic high resolution geological and geophysical surveys in near shore regions. Mahale, V.P. Apart from above, two research papers are published highlighting (i) the provenance Ranade, G.H. of near shore placer minerals, and ii) identification and delineation of beach placers enriched in ilmenite magnetite and chromite along the coastal region of south Maharashtra. The mineral chromite is discovered as a placer mineral for the first time along the beaches of India's main land. In addition consultancy services were provided to placer industry of Tamil Nadu for initiating the detail prospecting in the near shore areas of central Maharashtra between Jaigad to Kalbadevi and Mirya to Vijaydurg. Several projects related to delineation of coastal regulatory zone were completed for various industries. Provenance signature of pre- cambrian and mesozoic rocks in the nearshore placers of Konkan, central west coast of India Gujar, A.R.; Angusamy, N.; Rajamanickam, G.V. Heavy mineral studies of the nearshore placer deposits of the Konkan Coast reveal a dominant assemblage comprised of garnet and kyanite along with other accessory minerals like epidote, olivine and rutile. The heavy mineral assemblage of the study region showed a characteristic suite of 17 types of heavy minerals. Their abundance showed hardly any drastic variation in the four bays studied. Overwhelming presence of minerals like garnet and kyanite in the studied four bays points to the source as metamorphic rocks. The presence Transparent Heavy Minerals from Wada Vetye Bay of etched garnets, overgrown zircons and etched kyanites corroborate the recycling of influence of metamorphic rocks in 12.5 km from Pirwadi in the paleosediments into the bay. the present study region rather north to Talashil in the south. Characterization of opaques under than the abutting basalts. The area is a sand bar the microscope also corroborates represented by a narrow the influence of a metamorphic Ilmenite, magnetite and submergent coastal plain lying source, rather than the adjoining chromite beach placers from between the Achara and Gad basaltic rocks. However, the south Maharashtra, central Rivers. The sediments in the area absence of metamorphic rocks in west coast of India are mainly sands which are the hinterland suggests the Gujar, A.R.; Ambre, N.V.; Mislankar, P.G.; moderately well sorted to well possibility of deposition of Iyer, S.D. sorted. The heavy mineral sediments predominantly from The heavy mineral placer concentration in the surficial offshore. Factor analysis results deposits of the coastal sediments sediments ranges between 0.69 also corroborate the overwhelming in south Maharashtra stretch for and 98.32 wt % (28.73 wt % in 72 average). The heavy mineral the magnetite grains appear to be gravity and oceanographic concentration shows an of two types: pure magnetite and processes all of which result in a increasing trend from north to titano-magnetite. selective sorting of the south. The heavy mineral suite Compositionally, the total sediments. The observed mineral consists predominantly of opaque magnetite fractions have Fe23 O assemblages of transparent minerals (ilmenite, magnetite and between 32 and 46 wt %, FeO heavy minerals (pyroxene, chromite), garnet, pyroxene, between 19.0 and 25 wt % and amphibole, tourmaline, kyanite, amphibole, zircon, tourmaline, TiO2 between 14.3 and 23.9 wt %. garnet, zircon and olivine) are rutile, staurolite, etc. Ilmenite The chromite grains are an suggestive of their derivation grains are fresh whereas admixture of two varieties, ferro- from a heterogeneous provenance magnetite grains show the effect chromite and magnesio-chromite. comprising of igneous rocks, high of weathering and alteration. The The chromite grains have 32.06- grade metamorphic rocks and chromite grains are rounded to 47.5wt%ofCrO23 withtotal reworked Kaladgi sediments. The sub-rounded with alteration at iron between 23.86 wt% (4.73% chromite grains appear to have the margin of the grains. The Fe23 O and 19.13% FeO) and been derived from ultrabasic surficial textures of the opaque 27.89 wt % (4.36 % Fe23 O and rocks present in the upper minerals show mechanical 23.53 % FeO) and MgO between reaches of the Gad River. The breaking that indicates limited 12 and 40 wt %. The observed inferred reserves of ilmenite, distance of transportation. variations in the distribution of magnetite and chromite are Ilmenite has TiO2 in the range heavy minerals in the area are 0.175, 0.395 and 0.032 million between 40.04 and 46.6 wt %. due to differences in the tons, respectively. Based on ore microscopy studies, sediment supply, their specific 73 EXTERNAL PROJECTS SPONSORED PROJECTS Title Sponsoring Agency Project Leader Environmental Impact Assessment Desk studies on marine EIA for a proposed Pipavav Energy Pvt. Ltd. Naidu, V.S. 1200 MW power plant at Bherai, Amreli Dist. Gujarat Marine studies for the thermal power project Pipavav Energy Pvt. Ltd. Naidu, V.S. near Pipavav Port, Gujarat Comprehensive EIA for proposed marine Jai Prakash Associates Ltd. Naidu, V.S. facilities of cement plant by JP Associates Ltd. in Kharo Creek at Sisadhar, Kachchh District EIA of site selection to outfall for Daman Khemani Distilleries Pvt. Ltd. Naidu, V.S. Industries, Khemani and Royal Distilleries Marine release of treated effluent from Maharashtra Industrial Development Sarma, R.V. Tarapur Industrial Area Corporation EIA for proposed intake and discharge of RO Shree Renuka Sugars Ltd. Sarma, R.V. reject and construction of a jetty at Tuna village (Kutchch District, Gujarat) Marine EIA/consultancy, conceptual risk Reliance Ports & Terminal Ltd,, Navi Sarma, R.V. assessment studies and CRZ delineation Mumbai for proposed expansion of RIL petrochemical/ refinery facilities at Jamnagar Final disposal point for treated sewage of Surat Municipal Corporation JiyalalRam, M. Sewage Treatment Plant at Bamroli & Khajod Final disposal point for Sewage Treatment Surat Municipal Corporation JiyalalRam, M. Plant at Asarma & Variyav-Kosad EIA for proposed SPM for handling crude oil Kandla Port Trust JiyalalRam, M. and allied facilities off Veera in Gulf of Kutch Production capacity of expansion of the Tata Chemicals Ltd. Gajbhiye, S.N. Mithapur complex, enhancement of capacity of seawater input and effluent discharge – EIA studies Marine EIA and identification of marine Kutchch Power Generation Ltd. Gajbhiye, S.N. facilities for KPGL Thermal Power Plant at Bhadreshwar, Dist. Kutchch Advisory services relevant to the mitigation New Kolkotta International Jagtap, T.G. of impacts due to anthropogenic activities on Development Pvt. Ltd. ecologically sensitive marine habitats Consultancy services towards regeneration of P.W. Division, Chiplun, Maharashtra Jagtap, T.G. mangroves at Kelshi in response to the bridge construction activities by PWD, Chiplun, Maharashtra Pre-seismic environmental impact Adani Welspun Exploration Ltd. Soniya, S. assessment studies for Block MB-OSN- 2005/2 (Mumbai shallow offshore) Marine EIA for fishery harbour at Vanakbara U.T. Administration of Daman & Diu Soniya, S. and fish landing centre at Ghoghla, Diu Marine environmental impact assessment and Indian Oil Corporation Ltd., New Delhi SanilKumar, V. review for the offshore terminal at Paradip Rao, B.P. Sudheesh, K. 74 Title Sponsoring Agency Project Leader Comprehensive marine environmental status Oil and Natural Gas Corporation, Ansari, Z.A. report on impact assessment of ONGC Kolkata exploratory activities on water quality and coastal ecology including sea turtle in Mahanadi Basin Marine impact assessment study for Sterlite Industries (India) Ltd. Sreepada, R.A. utilization of ferros and as reclamation material at Tuticorin Port Trust, Tamil Nadu Environmental impact assessment of Solar Nirma Ltd., Ahmedabad Sukumaran, S. Salt Works of Nirma at Bhavnagar Rapid EIA studies for i) intake and outfall Universal Cresent Power Pvt. Ltd., Vethamony, P. of the coal based Thermal Power Plant (TPP) Noida Matondkar,S.G.P. at Gojiness, Gujarat and ii) construction of Shirodkar, P.V. port for TPP at Gojiness, Gujarat Gaonkar, S.S. Mesquita, A. Sreepada, R.A. Environmental impact assessment for Sethusamudram Corporation Ltd., Parameswaran, P.S. alignment 4 A of Sethusamudram channel Chennai Mahale, V.P. SanilKumar,V. Joseph, A. Fernando, V. Vethamony, P. Rapid Marine Environmental Assessment Vijayasri Organics Ltd., Murty, T.V.R. (RMEIA) studies for the disposal of treated Visakhapatnam Rao, B.P. effluents off Pydibhimavaram Murty, G.P.S. Reddy, N.P.C. Ansari, Z.A. Environmental Monitoring Study to assess the marine ecology at the National Thermal Power Corporation Sarma, V.V. Marine Outfall Point for stage-II at SMPP- Ltd. Sadhuram, Y. NTPC Ltd. Ansari, Z.A. Sreepada, R.A JawaharKumar Ch. Monitoring of chemical and biological Visakhapatnam Steel Plant Sarma, V.V. parameters in the marine environment off Ansari, Z.A. Appikonda and toxicological studies of the treated effluent of Visakhapatnam Steel Plant Environmental monitoring off Chippada and Divi's laboratories Ltd. Sarma, V.V. toxicological studies of treated effluents for M/s Divi's Laboratories Limited Periodic general monitoring of marine ecology Vadinar Oil Terminal Ltd. Gajbhiye, S.N. off Vadinar : 2009 Periodic monitoring of Amba estuary Reliance Industries Ltd. Gajbhiye, S.N. (May 2009) Monitoring off Bhavnagar in the Gulf of Nirma Ltd., Ahmedabad Ram, A. Khambhat Marine environmental monitoring of treated Indian Rayon Ltd., Gujarat Ram, A. effluent around marine discharge point of Indian Rayon in Arabian Sea Monitoring and investigation of Tapi estuary Gujarat Pollution Control Board JiyalalRam, M. fish kills and probable causes Post project monitoring in the marine Andhra Organics Ltd. Reddy, N.P.C. environment of Pydibhimavaram and Ansari, Z.A. toxicological studies for the treated effluent 75 Title Sponsoring Agency Project Leader Environmental monitoring of the western Institute of Petroleum Safety & Ingole, B.S. offshore oil fields of ONGC Mumbai Ltd. Environmental Management ONGC Shirodkar, P.V. Monitoring of marine environment around Gujarat Alkalies & Chemicals Ltd. Soniya, S. GACL effluent disposal site in the Gulf of Khambhat Environmental monitoring of ONGC well Oil and Natural Gas Corporation Ltd., DineshKumar, P.K. MDW # 6 in Mahanadi Offshore Block Mn- Kakinada Osn-2000/2 Post project monitoring in the marine Hetero Drugs Ltd., Hyderabad Reddy, N.P.C. environment off Nakkapalli and toxicological Ansari, Z.A. studies for the treated effluent for M/s. Hetero Drugs Ltd. Prevailing ecology of Savitri estuary and Maharashtra Industrial Development Naidu, V.S. assessment of impact of treated effluent on Corporation Ltd. marine environment Evaluation of Nova Oil Spill Dispersant Nova Chemicals, Kalbadevi, Sreepada, R.A. Type II/Type III concentrate Mumbai Monitoring of coastal environment off Sikka Reliance Industries, Gujarat Sarma, R.V. (2009-2010) Coastal Regulation Zone Demarcation of HTL, LTL and CRZ boundaries Indomer Coastal Hydraulics Pvt. Ltd., Rao, B.P. along Buckingham canal and open sea near Chennai Krishnapatnam Port for MEPL Demarcation of HTL,LTL and CRZ boundaries Indomer Coastal Hydraulics Pvt. Ltd., Rao, B.P. for expansion of SEPL project near Chennai Krishnapatnam Port, Andhra Pradesh Demarcation of HTL, LTL and CRZ boundaries Indomer Coastal Hydraulics Pvt. Ltd., Rao, B.P. near Kattupalli, Tamilnadu Chennai Demarcation of HTL, LTL and CRZ boundaries Indomer Coastal Hydraulics Pvt. Ltd,, Rao, B.P. for Chemplast Sanmar Limited along the Chennai shorefront and Paravanar River near Cuddalore Demarcation of HTL, LTL, and CRZ Indomer Coastal Hydraulics Pvt. Ltd., Rao, B.P. boundaries near Bhadreswar in Gulf of Chennai Kachch, Gujarat Demarcation of HTL & CRZ boundaries near Fine Envirotech Engineers Water & Air Rao, B.P. Bhiwandi for Yogi Reality Pvt. Ltd., Mumbai. Pollution Consultant Demarcation of HTL and CRZ boundaries near Fine Envirotech Engineers Water & Air Rao, B.P. Bhiwandi for Echomes construction Private Pollution Consultant Limited, Mumbai Demarcation of HTL and CRZ boundaries near Fine Envirotech Engineers Water & Air Rao, B.P. Dhokwade village, Alibag district, Pollution Consultant Maharashtra Demarcation of HTL, LTL and CRZ boundaries GMR Energy Ltd., Bangalore Rao, B.P. at south of Uppada village, East Godavari District Demarcation of HTL, LTL and CRZ boundaries GMR Consulting Services Pvt. Ltd., Rao, B.P. at Ontimavidi, near Kakinada port for GMR Bangalor Power Plant Demarcation of HTL & CRZ boundaries along PEL Power Ltd. Rao, B.P. the shore front in the north side of Sevugan Creek, Tamilnadu Demarcation of HTL & CRZ boundaries near Meghavaram Power Private Ltd. Rao, B.P. Kakarapalli village, Srikakulam District for Meghavaram Power Private Limited 76 Title Sponsoring Agency Project Leader Demarcation of HTL, LTL and CRZ boundaries AGM-Corporate Environment Rao, B.P. at Tondangi near Kakinada, East Godavari Consulting Services Pvt. Ltd., (GCSPL) Dt., A.P. Demarcation of HTL, LTL and CRZ boundaries Dhamra Port Co. Ltd., Orissa Rao, B.P. near Dhamra Demarcation of Low Tide Line (LTL), High Secon Pvt. Ltd. Rao, B.P. Tide Line (HTL) & CRZ mapping for the LNG port site near Mundra, Gujarat Demarcation of LTL, HTL and CRZ boundaries Navayuga Engineering Co. Ltd. Rao, B.P. for the development of a modern port at Astarang area, Orissa Demarcation of HTL, LTL and CRZ boundaries Parry Infrastructure Co. Pvt. Ltd. Rao, B.P. for Parry Infrastructure Company Private Limited at Vakalapudi village near Kakinada, East Godavari Dt., A.P. Demarcation of HTL, LTL & CRZ boundaries Tata Power Co. Ltd. Rao, B.P. between Mandvi and Bhujipur, Gujarat to cover the project area Demarcation of HTL, LTL and CRZ boundaries Pipavav Energy Pvt. Ltd. Rao, B.P. near Pipavav Port, Gujarat for 2X600 MW Thermal Power projects Demarcation of HTL, LTL and CRZ boundaries K. Subbareddy, Visakhapatnam Rao, B.P. for 294 survey no., at Appikonda, Visakhapatnam District, A.P. Demarcation of HTL, LTL and CRZ boundaries Enviro Analysts Engineers Pvt. Ltd., Rao, B.P. at Salav village along the Dharamtar creek, Mumbai Raigad District, Maharastra for the plant area Demarcation of HTL and CRZ boundaries SPGL Power Plant Rao, B.P. along the creek in the plant near Uppada Demarcation of HTL and CRZ boundaries Vapi Waste & Effluent Management Rao, B.P. along the Damanganga creek near Vapi Corporation Ltd.,Vapi Demarcation of HTL and delineation of CRZ Mumbai Shelter Housing Development Vaz, S.C. boundary along and across plot bearing CTS Pvt. Ltd. No. E/86-16, located at Khardanda, Mumbai Demarcation of HTL and LTL and delineation Ispat Industries Ltd. Vaz, S.C. of CRZ Boundary at villages Dolvi, Khar and Jua Bapuji, Dist. Raigad, Maharashtra Demarcation of HTL and delineation of CRZ Sai Nagar Co-Operative Housing Vaz, S.C. boundary along and across plot bearing CTS Society Ltd., Mumbai No. 1042(pt) of village Versova, Andheri (west), Mumbai Demarcation of HTL and delineation of CRZ Orra Realtors Pvt. Ltd., Mumbai Vaz, S.C. boundary along and across plot bearing C.T.S. No. G/328A & G328B of village Bandra, at Santacruz (W), Mumbai Demarcation of HTL,LTL and CRZ boundaries Nagarjuna Agrichem Ltd. JawaharKumar, Ch. at NARUVA village, Ransthalam Mandal, Srikakulam Dist. Demarcation of HTL, LTL and CRZ boundaries Adani Power Dahej Ltd., Gujarat JawaharKumar, Ch. for the proposed thermal power plant at right bank of lower estuary of Narmada river, Gujarat Demarcation of HTL, LTL and CRZ boundaries Sun Ray Properties, Visakhapatnam JawaharKumar, Ch. at Chepala Kancheru village, Bhogapuram, Vizainagaram district, Andhra Pradesh 77 Title Sponsoring Agency Project Leader Demarcation of HTL and Delineation of CRZ Alpha Environs, Mumbai Pathak, K.C. boundary along and across the site bearing CTS No 657(C) at village Kanjur Marg (E) Mumbai Maharashtra Demarcation of HTL and Delineation of CRZ Ambolgadh Beach Resort Pvt. Ltd. Pathak, K.C. boundary along and across the plot located at Ambolgadh for Ambolgadh Beach Resort Private Ltd. Demarcation of HTL and delineation of CRZ Ackruti City Pathak, K.C. boundary along and across the site bearing CTS NO B908, B909, B910, B911 (pt) of village bandra (w), H/west ward at Mount Mary hill, Khandeshwari Mandir Marg Mumbai, area 19868.41sq.mt Demarcation of HTL, and CRZ boundary along Mr. Ravi Raj Tirodkar, G.M. the plot bearing C.S No. 5 (pt.) and 15 (pt) of Mahim Division, Adarsh Nagar, Worli, Mumbai, Maharashtra, for Sagar Darshan Co. Op. Hsg. Soc. Ltd. Demarcation of HTL and CRZ boundary along S. Jadhwani Realtors Tirodkar, G.M. the plot bearing No. CTS No. G/414-B of village Bandra in H/west ward, Mumbai Demarcation of HTL and CRZ boundary for Yojana Infratech, Mumbai Tirodkar, G.M. plot bearing CTS No. E/44-B of village Bandra at 16th Road Khar(W) in H/west ward Mumbai Demarcation of HTL, LTL and CRZ boundaries Wlbur Smith Associates Pvt. Ltd. Satyanarayana, Raju Y. along the fishing villages of Pondicherry and Karaikal Coasts Physical survey of High Tide line (HTL) and Omkar Realtors, Mumbai Prabaharan, N. 500 mts distance regulatory line (on map) in respect of Plot No. 944, Mahim Mathematical Modeling studies Dredging scheme for facilitating flow of rain Indian Oil Corporation Ltd., Paradip, SanilKumar, V. water through Jatadharmohan river at Paradip Orissa Mathematical modelling studies for the coal Udangudi Power Corporation Ltd., SanilKumar, V. jetty alignment for the proposed 2x800 MW Chennai Udangudi Super Critical Thermal Power Project Preparation of risk assessment report for the Engineers India Ltd. SanilKumar, V. integrated crude handling marine facilities of Paradip Oil spill risk assessment, modelling studies Gujarat Maritime Board Babu, M.T. and preparation of contingency plan for GMB Fondekar S.P. Ports-12 nos. (Porbandar, Veraval,Jafrabad, Jakhau, Magdalla, Alang, Bhavnagar, Dahej, Okha, Bedi, Navlakhi, Mandvi) Mathematical modelling studies for the intake Udangudi Power Corporation Ltd. Babu, M.T. and outfall systems of cooling water for establishing coal based 2X800 MW Udangudi super critical thermal power project at Udangudi, Tuticorin dist., Tamilnadu Hydrodynamic modelling and wave tranqulity Environ Software Pvt. Ltd., Bangalore Sudheesh, K. study of Hazira Port Basin Oceanographic studies off Manavalakurichi to Indian Rare Earths Ltd. DineshKumar, P.K. identify the processes of near shore sediment Manavalakurichi ManiMurali, R. transport controls Kanyakumari Dist. Mahale, V.P. 78 Title Sponsoring Agency Project Leader Measurements Current measurements near the Tug M.T. Hindustan Shipyard Ltd., Raju, N.S.N. Iswari during Bollard Pull Test in Visakhapatnam Visakhapatnam Outer Harbour Hiring of services for Metocean Data Oil and Natural Gas Corporation Ltd., Murty, V.S.N. collection in deep waters of east coast of SanilKumar,V. Mumbai India: time series profiles of currents, Mehra, P. temperature, salinity, resistivity and turbidity, Sudheesh, K. at 7 pre-selected locations in the water depth range of 100 m to 700 m Evaluation of wave, tide and current condition Ambuja Cements Ltd. SanilKumar, V. off Muldwaraka based on data collected for 4 months Geological & Geophysical surveys Additional study for pre and post lay survey Public Work Department, Goa Tirodkar, G.M. for submarine pipeline across Mandovi river Old Goa (ferry point) to Diwar island Additional work against Third Party inspection Dharti Dredging & Infra. Ltd., Tirodkar, G.M. of pre, mid & final dredging survey for the Hyderabad capital dredging work off Goa Shipyard, Chicalim for GSL Seabed surveys for inspection of 650 m and Mangalore Refinery and Subrahmanyam, V. 700 m length submarine pipeline corridor of Petrochemicals Ltd., Mangalore MRPL Engineering Vetting of the design report of MSEZ marine Mangalore SEZ Ltd. SanilKumar, V. outfall facility Verification of diffuser assembly to be installed Hydroair Tectonics (SPD) Pvt. Ltd. SanilKumar, V. at Visakhapatnam Steel Plant Model studies in KIM estuary and assessment Birla Cellulosic Sarma, R.V. of impact of zinc and BOD on marine environment Feasibility study for sea water intake and Hetero Drugs Ltd., Sadhuram, Y. outfall for the proposed desalination plant of Nakkapalli Other Investigations Acute toxicity, biodegradability and bio- Q'Max Solutions Inc. Mumbai Sreepada, R.A. concentration tests on synthetic base mud (SBM) for sensitive marine biota Acute toxicity tests (LC50) for drilling mud Q'Max Solutions Inc., Mumbai Sreepada, R.A. samples to sensitive marine biota Acute toxicity and biodegradability tests on Shell MDS (Malaysia) Sendirian Sreepada, R.A. Shell Saraline 200 synthetic based mud (SBM) Berhad, Malaysia on marine biota Acute toxicity test (bioassay) of drilling mud KMC Oil tools India Pvt. Ltd. Sreepada, R.A. sample Saraline 185 V to marine biota Evaluation of oil spill dispersant by Spilcare-O Spilcare-O Metaclen Pvt. Ltd., Chennai Sreepada, R.A. Metaclen Pvt. Ltd. Chennai through dispersant efficiency test, emulsion stability and acute toxicity tests Toxicological study of drilling fluid composition Oil and Natural Gas Corporation Sreepada, R.A. Dehra Dun Offshore placer mineral exploration data of Rare (H) Minerals, Trichy, Tamil Nadu Gujar, A.R. areas between Mirya and Vijaydurg, Konkan coast, Maharashtra 79 Title Sponsoring Agency Project Leader Studies on sea-level rise and long term Kalpasar Department, Govt. of Gujarat Unnikrishnan, A.S. Changes in regional climate along the Gujarat Coast Underwater investigation for the presence of Tata Chemicals Ltd., Mithapur Vora, K.H. corals in Arabian Sea near Kachhigarh Light House, Jamnagar dist., Gujarat Technical Assistance Program - for Marine International Seabed Authority Sharma, R. Scientific Research (TAP-MAR) Grant-in-aid Projects Oceanographic observational component Department of Science and Technology, Shankar, D. during CTCZ New Delhi Canacona Flash Floods Study Committee Department of Science, Technology, Shankar, D. and Environment (Govt. of Goa) Partnerships for Sustainable Shrimp European Commission Sreepada, R.A. Aquaculture (PASSA) Acoustic characterization of seafloor and National Institute of Ocean Technology, Chakraborty, B. related habitat studies using high frequency Chennai systems- Application of Model and Model Free Techniques Oceanographic observations in the southern Department of Science and Technology, Jyothibabu R Bay of Bengal cold pool during CTCZ Pilot New Delhi Phase 2009 Study of the prevalence of human enteric Department of Science and Technology, Parvathi, A. bacterial and viral pathogens in the Periyar New Delhi and Cochin backwaters Late quaternary paleo-climate and Department of Science and Technology, Rao, V.P. paleoceanography in the North Indian Ocean New Delhi using isotopic and trace metal process from sediment cores and corals CTCZ Pilot Phase 2009: XCTD observations Department of Science and Technology, Gopalakrishna, V.V. in the northern Bay of Bengal New Delhi Microbial pathogens of corals and the events Ministry of Environment & Forest, Ravindran, J. of biotic and abiotic transformations in the New Delhi process of pathogenesis Study of land-ocean tectonic lineaments Ministry of Earth Sciences seismology Subrahmanyam, V. over major offshore sedimentary basins and division( MoES) adjacent coastal regions over the Eastern Continental Margin of India (ECMI) from geological and geophysical investigations Studies on gas hydrate exploration and National Institute of Ocean Technology RamPrasad, T. technology development for its exploitation (NIOT), MOES, Chennai Zooplankton production modeling Satellite Application Centre (ISRO), Matondkar, S.G.P. investigations Ahmedbad Application of sea level data from SARAL- Satellite Application Centre (ISRO), Somayajulu, Y.K. AlTIKa Satellite Altimeter for monitoring the Ahmedbad coastal regions of India Validation of satellite altimeter measurements Satellite Application Centre (ISRO), Mehra, P. using sea-level and meteorological data from Ahmedbad Karwar (West Coast of India) and Kavaratti Island (Lakshdweep Archipelago) Re-establishes trace gas monitoring of Department of Science & Technology, Borole, D.V. climate-forcing gases at Cabo De Rama, India New Delhi 80 RESEARCH CRUISES Cruise No. Dates/Chief Scientist Objectives RV Sindhu Sankalp Trial 28-31 Jan. 10 Test scientific and ship based instruments Afzulpurkar, S. 01 11-13 Mar. 10 Trial maiden voyage from Kochi to Mormugao Rao, P.S. 02 20-29 Mar. 10 Trials of various systems and deploy some ADCP Fernando, V moorings along coast of India 03 31 Mar. to 5 Apr. 10 Trials of various systems and deploy some ADCP Murty, V.S.N. moorings in KG basin area for ONGC CRV Sagar Sukti Trial 17-18 Sep. 09 Testing, machinery, sampling and scientific equipment Gaonkar, S.S. 183 19-29 Sep. 09 Monitoring seasonal anoxia off west coast of India Shenoy, D. 184 2-3,6-7 Oct. 09 Trial of AVP Dives Mascarenhas, A. 185 8-10 Oct. 09 Biological and geo-chemical significance of Cathrine S. the coastal regions off Goa 186 12-14 Oct. 09 Hydrographic conditions post monsoon Matondkar, S.G.P. upwellings, phytoplankton and pigments in the low oxygen bottom, water, phytoplankton fractionated biomass and production, picoplankton-bacteria relationship, effect of nutrients and low oxygen on primary production, validation of OCM-2 Geophysical Products 187 15-18 Oct. 09 Collection of water samples to detect hydrogen sulfide in Marathe, P. water column at different water depths and study the upper layer sediments for availability of syngentic pyrite 188 20-25 Oct. 09 Physico-chemical study in coastal water off Goa Kulkarni, V.K. 189 27 Oct. to 13 Nov. 09 Offshore Env monitoring in Mumbai High area Ingole, B. 190 13-14 Nov. 09 Hydrographic conditions post monsoon Matondkar, S.G.P. upwellings, phytoplankton and pigments in the low oxygen bottom, water, phytoplankton fractionated biomass and production, picoplankton-bacteria relationship, effect of nutrients and low oxygen on primary production, validation of OCM-2 Geophysical Products 191 16-22 Nov. 09 Chlorophyll measurement for SAC,Ahmedabad Madhan, R. 192 24-28 Nov. 09 Geophysic Survey Ranade, G. 193 29 Nov. to 03 Dec. 09 Geophysic Survey off Goa Chaubey, A.K. 194 5-10 Dec. 09 Geophysic Survey Mahale, V. 195 14-16 Dec. 09 Collect Chlorophyll data Afzulpurkar, S. 196 3-10 Jan. 10 Geophysic Survey south of Goa Karisiddaiah, S.M. 197 13-14 Jan. 10 Collect Chlorophyll data Navelkar, G. 198 15-17 Feb. 10 -do- Madhan, R. 81 Cruise No. Dates/Chief Scientist Objectives 199 19-24 Mar. 10 Collect Chlorophyll data and SAC-2 Mascarenhas, A. ORV Sagar Kanya 258 16 Apr. to 3 May 09 Study of Trichodesmium bloom Suresh, T. 261 14 Jul. to 18 Aug. 09 Study the movement of the Continental Tropical Sundar, D. Convergence Zone (CTCZ) in the northern and southern portion of Bay of Bengal 264 25 Sep. to 31 Oct. 09 Carry out servicing of moorings at EIO under the MoES Suryanarayana, A. funded programmes of Ocean observing systems: long-term measurements of currents in the EIO through deep sea moorings and biogio and chemical observations and collect XBT and surface met data 267 15 Jan. to 13 Feb. 10 Carry out multidisciplinary measurements under the Prasanna Kumar, S. MoES funded programme of Equatorial Indian Ocean Processes – Dynamics and biogeochemistry CRV Sagar Sampada 267 (Leg-I) 27 May to 15 Jun. 09 Studies on environment, productivity patterns, studies Sanjeevan, V.N. on sardine spawning and transport of eggs and larvae (CMLRE, Kochi) studies on benthic productivity and delieneate SM upwelling in the west coast of India 267 (Leg-II) 6-15 Jun. 09 -do- Gauns, M. 268 (Leg-I 22 Jun. to 10 Jul. 09 Studies on environment, productivity patterns of the west Sivaji, A. coast of India, studies of sardine spawning and transport (CMLRE, Kochi) of eggs and larvae, survey of marine mammals and delineate SM upwelling 268 (Leg-II) 4-13 Jul. 09 -do- Gupta, G.V.M. (CMLRE, Kochi) 273 24 Feb. to 12 Mar. 10 Determine the spatial extent and optical characteristics Matondkar, S.G.P. of the bloom (underwater light field, absorption characteristic of optical constituents), determine the rates of primary production ( C14 and N 15 ), validate existing remote sensing mixed –layer model of primary productivity developed for the bloom, determine P-I parameters, absorption characteristics of the winter bloom and vertical chlorophyll profile during winter bloom, measure new (export) primary production due to NO3 according to pre-set domains, comparison and validation of atmospheric correction model, study of environmental conditions facilitating N.miliaris blooms in the open ocean waters off the Arabian Sea and oceanographic and meteorological conditions contributing to their enhanced frequency and magnitude CRV Sagar Manjusha 20 16 Oct. to 5 Nov. 09 Deploy the ADCP/current meter moorings of the west Fernando, V. coast of India Sagar Nidhi 26 16-30 Apr. 09 Deploy the ADCP/current meter moorings of the east Fernando, V. coast of India 30 12 Jul. to 16 Aug. 09 Study the movement of the Continental Tropical Vinaychandran, P.N. Convergence Zone (CTCZ) in the northern and southern (IISC, Bangalore) portion of Bay of Bengal CRV Sagar Purvi 23 Nov. to 5 Oct. 09 Collection of aerosols and sediment samples Ramaswamy, V. 18-21 Mar. 10 As part of the ongoing COMAPS project, field Alagarsamy, R. observations at Zuari mouth and transect monitoring at Mormugao and Ratnagiri 82 Cruise No. Dates/Chief Scientist Objectives RV Akadamik Boris Petrov 20 Apr. to 26 May 09 Acquire seabed and water column samples for geological, Mudholkar, A.V. chemical, physical and biological oceanography studies related to tectonic and oceanographic processes over the Carisberg Ridge in the Indian Ocean ABP-37 9 Jun. to 10 Jul. 09 For Cobalt crust project, in the area Afanasiy-Nikitin Jai Sankar, S. seamounts in the eastern equatorial Indian Ocean ABP-38 9 Sep. to 7 Oct. 09 Under the project Environmental impact assessment of Valsangkar, A.B. nodule mining in Central Indian Ocean ABP-39 31 Oct. to 26 Nov. 09 Survey of polymetallic nodules Das, Pranab ABP-40 23-30 Jan.10 Acquire the geophysical data, conduct CTD observation, Ray, Durbar collect water column and seabed samples over the Carisberg Ridge region 83 DEPUTATIONS Scientist Country Duration Purpose Meetings/Discussions Lokabharathi, P.A. USA 6-9 Apr. 09 Poster presentation at the International Census of Marine Microbes (ICoMM ) meeting -do- Netherlands 22-24 Sep. 09 International Census of Marine Microbes (ICoMM) Scientific Advisory Council Meeting -do- USA 22-23 Nov. 09 First meeting, Inter Ridge/SCOR Working Group on “Hydrothermal Energy and Ocean Carbon Cycles” at WHOI Dalal, S.G. Austria 16-21 Jun. 09 Steering Committee meeting & General Body Ansari, Z.A. meeting of all partners of EC funded project and also Matondkar, S.G.P. & to participate in second AQUAGRIS workshop Sreepada, R.A. Sarma, V.V.S.S. UK 25-26 Jun. 09 Surface Ocean CO2 Atlas (SOCAT) Atlantic-Indian- Southern Ocean Regional meeting at University of East Anglia Saraswat, R. USA 6-11 Jul. 09 Present paper in “Past climate change” at PAGES 1st Young Scientist meeting and PAGES 3rd Open Science meeting Anil, A.C. Brazil 26 -31 Jul. 09 VIIIth meeting in Biofouling, Biocorrosion and Benthic Ecology (BIONC) and to deliver key note lecture Sreepada, R.A. Switzerland 2-10 Oct. 09 Visit zoology museum, University of Zurich for discussions on sea horse research Germany Visit University of Hannover for discussions and formulation of project proposal under FP7 of EC Belgium Visit ARC, University of Gent for discussions and formulation of project under FP7 of EC Ramesh Kumar, M.R. Germany 5-9 Oct. 09 Joint meeting with LMD, France, Max Planck Institute of Meteorology, and Deutscher Watterdienst on the collaboration concerning the Indo-French Mega tropic mission and for discussion on a potential collaboration with NIO on the usage of future version of HOAPS data Patil, J.S. & China 18-21 Oct. 09 Second Global Ecology and Oceanography Open Matondkar, S.G.P. 22-25 Oct. 09 Science meeting On Harmful Algal Blooms and Eutrophication (HABs) Ramaiah, N. China 27-30 Oct. 09 1st meeting of the Scientific Committee on Ocean Research (SCOR) Working Group on Marine Microbial Carbon Pump (SCOR WG 134) Ingole, B.S. Belgium 16-17 Nov. 09 Meeting of the Ocean Biogeographic System (OBIS) Managers Committee Divakar Naidu, P. USA 13-19 Dec. 09 American Geophysical Union Fall Meeting-2009 Matondkar, S.G.P. USA 13-27 Dec. 09 Collaborative Indo-US Science and Technology Forum (IUSSTF), participate in meeting to assess the status of data analysis, discuss plans for forthcoming cruise, to visit Bigelow Laboratory and to participate in field work on bio-optical studies in Gulf of Maine Rao, P.V. UK 4-5 Feb. 10 Post cruise meeting of the cruise YK08-11 84 Scientist Country Duration Purpose Nigam, R. USA 22-26 Feb. 10 2010 Ocean Science Meeting at Portland, Oregon Workshops/Conferences/Symposia/Sessions Kamesh Raju, K.A. & USA 1-3 Apr. 09 Workshop on Deep Sea Mining of Seafloor Massive Nath, N.B. Sulfides : a reality for Science and Society in the 21st century and visit Marine Geology and Geophysics Dept at WHOI Karapurkar, S.G. Austria 18-19 Apr. 09 International Workshop on “Strategies to improve measurement quality of Isotope-Ratio Mass Spectrometers and Laser based Isotope Analysers” Krishna, K.S. & Austria 19-24 Apr. 09 General Assembly 2009 of the European Desa, M.A. Geosciences Union Krishna, K.S. UK 25 Apr. to Work on Deformation Processes in the Central 3 May 09 Indian Ocean and Afanasy Nikitin Seamount at National Oceanography Centre Kanojia, V. Germany 11-14 May 09 Conference entitled OCEAN 2009 IEEE Ingole, B.S. USA 11-15 May 09 Workshop on “Impacts of Productivity Gradients on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Function in the Abyss” Babu, M.T. France 11-15 May 09 Workshop on “Precision Observations of Vertical Land Motion at tide gauges” and 11th Session of the Group of Experts on GLOSS -do- Cameroon 23-27 Nov. 09 IOC Workshop on Decision Support Tools for Coastal Zone Babu, M.T.& Tanzania 9-21 Nov. 09 Training sessions at the Workshop in Sudheesh, K. support of the ReCoMap Project “Empowering NSAs in Tanzania to plan for Sustainable Coastal Livelihood using decision support tools” Gopalakrishna, V.V. Switzerland 18-22 May 09 5th Session of the JCOMM Ship Observation Team (SOT-V) -do- China 9-12 Sep. 09 6th International Symposium on Digital Earth (ISDE6) -do- Italy 21-26 Sep. 09 Ocean Obs '09 Conference at Venice & discussions on the temperature bias paper with Dr. Tim Boyer (NODC) Ramesh Kumar, M.R. Greece 31 May to 2nd International Summit on Hurricanes 5 Jun. 09 and Climate Change Murty, V.S.N. France 3-5 Jun. 09 6th session of CLIVAR/GOOS Indian Ocean Panel (IOP-6) Patil, J.S. Ireland 15-19 Jun. 09 Global Ecology and Oceanography of Harmful Algal Blooms (GEOHAB) modelling Workshop Borole, D.V. Switzerland 21-26 Jun. 09 Conference on “Our volatile planet” – Godschmidt 2009 Anil, A.C. UK 13-17 Jul. 09 Member of Indian delegation to attend the fifty ninth session of the Marine Environment Protection Committee (IMO) -do- -do- 22-26 Mar. 10 Member of Indian delegation to attend the 60th session of the Marine Environment Protection Committee (IMO) Joseph, A.K. Russia 14-17 Jul. 09 24th International Tsunami Symposium and 85 Scientist Country Duration Purpose Technical Workshop on Tsunami Measurements and Real-Time Detection at Russian Academy of Sciences Shetye, S.R. Brazil 10-14 Aug. 09 Deliver a talk on “Indo-Brazil Cooperative research in Marine Sciences during seminar entitled “India in Focus” at Universidada Federal Do Rio De Janeiro Ramaiah, N. Singapore 11-15 Aug. 09 6th AOGS Conference at Suntec Prasanna Kumar, S. Vethamony, P. Borole, D.V. Sarma, V.V.S.S. Mani Murali, R. & Babu, M.T. 9-17 Aug. 09 -do- and discussions regarding research on storm surge data analysis with Dr. Pavel Tikalich, Tropical Marine Science Institute Rao, P.S. Spain 16-19 Sep. 09 World Fishing Exhibition at Vigo Biswas, H. Italy 16-26 Sep. 09 Workshop on Ocean Biology Observations and Ocean Obs'09 Conference at Venice -do- Germany 27-30 Sep. 09 Give talk at IFM-GEOMAR and hold discussions at Kiel Somayajulu, Y.K. Italy 17-25 Sep. 09 3rd Coastal Altimetry Workshop, discussions with collaborating scientists Dr. Paolo (NOCS,UK), Dr Stefano (CNR, Italy) and Dr Jerome (ESA, Italy) and Ocean Obs '09 Conference at Venice Prasanna Kumar, S. Italy 21-25 Sep. 09 Ocean Obs '09 Conference at Venice -do- China 2-5 Dec. 09 5th International Workshop on Marine Environmental Change of the South China Sea Chaubey, A.K. Iran 25 Sep. to Discussions and provide geological training to 9 Oct. 09 scientists at Marine Geology Dept. of GSI, Iran Dileep Kumar, M. France 27-30 Oct. 09 XVII Session of the Global Climate Observation System (GCOS) at IOC (UNESCO), Paris Sarma, V.V.S.S. Japan 8-13 Feb. 10 Ocean CO2 Sensor Symposium at JAMSTEC and meeting of the study of oxygen triple isotopes in aquatic ecosystems at Nagoya University Reddy, G.V. France 29-31 Mar. 10 International Marine Data and Information Systems Conference 2010 Trainings, Fellowships, etc. Jagtap, T.G. Germany 6 Apr. to Visit Hannover University to acquaint the 15 Nov. 09 activities, facilities, complementary skills etc. and to finalize the proposal to be submitted under the auspices of Indo-German S&T Centre (IGSTC) and also visit ZMT Bremen for further discussions towards the submission of proposals under IGSTC Mascarenhas, A. Portugal 20 May to Indo-Portugal S&T programme of cooperation in Madhan, R.5 Jun. 09 Science & Technology to develop Marine robots for Dabholkar, N. & oceanographic applications Desa, E. 29 May to 10 Jun. 09 86 Scientist Country Duration Purpose Sarkar, A. France 25 May to Fellowship at ENSIL, and deliver a series of 24 Jul. 09 lectures and have interactions with faculties in the field of environmental science and ecotoxicology Naqvi, S.W.A. Germany 1 Jun. to 2nd Phase of Marie Curie Incoming International 30 Nov. 09 Fellowship to work at Max-Planck Institute of Marine Microbiology, Bremen Gopalakrishna, V.V. USA 7 Jun. to 9 Jul. 09 Visit World Data Center for Oceanography for conducting scientific research and exchanging information on quality control of XBT data with Dr. Tim Boyer and also School of Oceanography, University of Washington to discuss on profiling float and glider technology, surface drifters and XBT deployments Anil, A.C. Saudi Arabia 28 Jun. to 3 Jul. 09 Presentation of R & D Project report entitled Sawant, S.S. & “Environmental analysis of ballast water Desai, D.V. for Al-Sinyar Contracting Est” Kamesh Raju, K.A. France 1-23 Jul. 09 Indo-French bilateral collaborative project funded by IFCPAR, New Delhi Prabhu, G.A. Japan 18-21 Jul. 09 Training in newly installed X- Ray Diffractometer System Ultima IV Premkumar, M.K. & UK 22 Jul. to 3 Aug. 09 Training and to get acquainted with new version Rao, Mohana, K. 26 Jul. to 2 Aug. 09 (digital model) side scan sonar system in operation and servicing Sawant, S.S. UK 22 Jul. to 15 Aug. 09 Proposed experiment regarding the ongoing UKIERI funded collaborative research program at New Castle University Sardar, A. France 4-7 Aug. 09 Equipment training in oceanographic acoustic Agarvadekar, Y. & release – Ocean 2500 Universal AR 861B2S Satelkar, N.P. Saraswat, R. USA 1 Oct. 09 to Indo-US Research Fellowship-2009 awarded by 28 Feb 10 USSTF for conducting advance research in the areas of Atmospheric & Earth Sciences at the University of California Naik, G.P. & Romania 19-31 Oct. 09 Training in installation, commissioning, operations, D'Souza, A.C. maintenance and trouble shooting of Oceanographic Direct pull winch, hydographic winch and stern “A” frame awarded by IUSSTF for conducting advance research in the areas of Atmospheric & Earth Sciences at the University of California Ramaswamy, V. Iran 23 Oct. to 11 Nov. 09 Give lectures and impart training to GSI scientists in Marine Geology specially on sedimentological aspects so that sample gathering and analysis is done systematically using the latest accepted techniques Prabha Devi Italy 16 Nov. to 6 Dec. 09 Visit the Instituto di Chimica Biomolecolare to work under the CSIR(NIO)-CNR(ICB) collaborative bilateral exchange programme Kessarkar, P. & China 14 Dec.09 to 15 Jan.10 Implement joint collaborative project entitled Biswas, H. 17 Dec.09 to 17 Jan.10 “Change in River discharges driven by monsoon and its influence on the biogeochemical progress of marine environment” Ramaiah, N. Japan 1 Jan to 31 Mar. 10 Foreign research fellowship (Leave due and 87 Scientist Country Duration Purpose admissible) to serve as a visiting professor at the Univ. of Tokyo for working on “Comparitive study on bacterial community structure and production rates in coastal environments between India and Japan” Yatheesh V. France 6-18 Jan. 10 Ongoing bilateral collaborative project funded by IFCPAR entitled “Deciphering history of the Indo- Eyrasia collision from detailed plate tectonics of the Indian Ocean” Anil, A.C. Hong Kong 25-28 Jan. 10 Member of working group for one of the marine working groups for GEF Medium sized Project “Enhancing the use of Science of International Waters” implemented by UNEP Kessarkar, P. & UK 21-26 Feb. 10 Training on Minispin magnetometer, Dewangan, P. 22-27 Feb. 10 AF-demagnetizer, Pulse magnetizer and X-T system Cruise participation Dewangan, P. USA 4 May to 27 Jun. 09 Integrated Ocean Drilling Program (IODP) onboard JOIDES Resolution in PEAT-II Expedition 321 Sarma, V.V.S.S. Mauritius 27 Nov. to 18 Dec. 09 Oceanographic cruise onboard Japanese vessel RV Hakuomaru KH-09-5 leg-2 and leg-3 for collection of water samples from Cochin to Cape Town as part of Indian Geotraces program, including a port call at Mauritius 88 Events National workshop During 3-5 April, a three-day National workshop was organized by the Department of Science and Technology, New Delhi in collaboration with NIO. The main aim of this workshop was to monitor the grant-in- aids project sanctioned by DST under WOS-A scheme of Life Sciences. 44 participants from different parts of the country attended, besides this 22 experts from different national laboratories were also present. The financial support was provided by DST. Teambuilding Workshop NIO Project Leaders' Teambuilding Workshop was conducted by Mr. Ian Dean, as Coach and Facilitator, purpose of the workshop was to identify the potential South Africa. A total of 40 project leaders attended this areas of interest among the 3 participating countries workshop which was held during 6-7 April. The and the names of the scientist/researcher who were participants were grouped in different teams to work on involved, and to prepare a draft science plan under each the issues discussed during the workshop. Towards the of the 4 broad areas. end of the workshop the groups presented recommendations for the action. Fundamentals of Oceanography course Fundamentals of Oceanography course was organized Sustained Indian Ocean Biogeochemical and by the National Institute of Oceanography during 17-29 Ecological Research workshop May, 2009. This course was organized for the visiting Sustained Indian Ocean Biogeochemical and Ecological summer trainees, a total of 41 summer interns and 15 Research workshop held during 13-14 April research students from NIO attended the programme. About 30 lectures in various disciplines of Training course for naval officers oceanography were delivered during the course. An evaluation (test) was conducted at the end and Long 'Hydrography' training course in "Industrial certificate was issued to all the participants. Offshore Surveys" for the naval officers deputed by the National Hydrographic School, Vasco-da-Gama was Hindi Seminar conducted from 20 April 2009 to 15th May 2009 at the institute. The course included imparting practical The Committee of the Official Language of the NIO knowledge to the participants on operation of geological organized a one day Seminar in Hindi on “Vaishwik Ushnata: Jalvayau Parivartna ke Pariprexsh men” and geophysical equipment and acquisition of rd underway data in addition to theory classes. Total 8 (Global Warming: In context of climate change) on 3 participants - 2 Indian Navy, 2 Sri Lankan Navy, 1 August, 2009 at the institute. Dr. Satish R. Shetye, Australian Navy, 2 Myanmar Navy and 1 Royal Director, NIO welcomed the gathering, Prof. K.S. Malaysian Navy officers participated in the programme. Valdiya, Padmashree awardee (2007), a well known Himalayan Geologist inaugurated the seminar. Over 25 presentations dealing with various aspects of global warming and their long term impact were presented. On this occasion a Hindi book “Sagarbodh” published by the National Institute of Oceanography was released ISBA Ocean workshop The institute organized the 2nd IBSA (India-Brazil-South Africa) Ocean workshop, during 4-8 May 2009. The 89 which contains latest information on various aspects of per year published in India in the field of marine and Ocean research. Dr. Z.A. Ansari was the convener of the aquatic sciences assisted by the Central Institute of seminar. Fishery Technology. ASFA Advisory Board meets every year and takes stock of the developments during the Hindi Pakhwada year, frames the policies and plans for the upcoming year for implementation. The secretariat of this The National Institute of Oceanography celebrated international cooperative information system is at the Hindi Pakhwada during 1st to 14 th September 2009. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United During these two weeks different Hindi competitions Nations in Rome, Italy. and programmes for NIO staffs and for their children were held. As a special attraction a mega confluence of CSIR Foundation Day Celebrations humor and satire was also organized on 11th September (Friday) in which prominent poets across the country Foundation day of its parental organization was participated. The poets led by Sri Chakachondh celebrated on 26th September. This year, Prof. Madhav Gyanpuri (Dr. A.K. Srivastav) and comprising Ms Gadgil was the main guest of the programme. Prof. Purnima Bharatiya, Shri Saleem Shivalvee, Shri Sabras Gadgil a noted biologist and widely acknowledged haathrasi and Shri Albela Kshtri kept the audience ecologist,he has recieved several national and mesmerized with humor and laughter. international awards such as Padmabhushan Sanman, Bhatnagar Award, Vikram Sarabhai Award, Volvo Award, etc. He has published over 150 scientific papers and has authored 6 books. On this occasion Dr. Zakir Ali Ansari and Dr. A. K. Saran of NIO were awarded 'Rajbhasha Ratna Alankaran' by Rasvarsha Sansthan, Varanasi for excellent support and contribution toward the progressive use of Hindi in NIO. Prof. Gadgil interacted with higher secondary and undergraduate science students of all schools/colleges ASFA Advisory Board meeting of Goa at 10.00 AM. The topics for interaction were: Evolution of Life on Earth, Human Evolution, Future of NIO Library (NICMAS) conducted ASFA Advisory Board Life and Biodiversity Conservation. The participating meeting during 7-11 September. Board members from students submitted one question each related to the 25 countries attended the meeting. NIO is Indian above fields before the program. Prizes were awarded to national partner of ASFA (Aquatic Sciences and three best questions. Dr. V.K. Banakar coordinated the Fisheries Abstracts) and is considered as one of the most program. active partners in the group. It reports bibliographic and abstracts information of about 800 published articles In the afternoon Prof. Gadgil also delivered the CSIR Foundation Day Lecture, “Major Transitions in Evolution” at 4.00 PM in the NIO auditorium - The Cardium. Prof. Madhav Gadgil, in his lecture briefed on how the life evolved and the transitions took place during the process of evolution over the last 3.8 billion years. During the process of evolution how complex organisms, animal societies and biotic communities have replicated and diversified. He visualized this saga of life on earth as involving nine major transitions and indicated that the culmination of evolution of artifacts to the present day information and communication technology has brought us to the threshold of a tenth major transition - Language based human societies -to- Human societies with global access to entire stock of human knowledge. 90 NIO Foundation Day 1 January 2010 44th NIO Foundation Day was celebrated on the campus, the institute was open to the common public. On this occasion Prof. M. Vijayan, President, Indian National Science Academy, New Delhi, delivered a public lecture on Structural Biology of Mycobacterial Proteins. Faculty Training and Motivation Programme During 20-23 October Faculty Training and Motivation Programme of CSIR was held at the institute. The training aimed at upgrading the knowledge base of the participants in new emerging areas of science and to provide opportunities for interaction and exchange of ideas with the scientific community. It was felt that this would improve the standard of teaching science and therefore students at large would be the final Prof.Vijayan, had pioneered study of biological beneficiaries (11 science teachers from various schools macromolecular ceystallography in India, his research of Goa participated). interest include structural studies involving lectins, TB and other mycobacterial proteins, protein hydration CPYLS organized at NIO and mobility and supramolecular association of amino The CSIR Programme on Youth for Leadership in acids and peptides with emphasis on its relevance to Science (CPYLS) was organized at the institute during chemical evolution and origin of life. He has 230 the 1 – 2 December. 14 teachers/parents and 45 scientific publications to his credit. talented students from the ICSE, CBSE and Goa board Earlier during the day the Director NIO, Dr. Satish R attended the programme. Shetye, addressed the staff and handed away the Foundation Day awards to the deserving staff members. Visit of Hon'able Minister for Science & Technology Shri Prithviraj Chavan, Hon'able Minister for Science & Technology, Govt. of India visited the Institute on 15th February, 2010. He was appraised of the work that is being carried out at this institute which included services to Indian industry and research of strategic importance to the country. He also visited couple of laboratories to understand the activities and projects of national importance that have been taken up by NIO. The main aim of CPYLS was to attract the best school students towards science through a unique 'hand handling' experience, and also encouraging them to take science as an exciting, rewarding and fulfilling career. The two days program was planned in a manner that would enthuse the students to know more about current scientific developments. Through every lecture, the theme conveyed was that good science alone can lead to overall progress. Open forum, discussions, interactions, visits to labs of interest, were the essence of the two day programme. 91 Extra-mural human resource development Internship of Foreign students – 11 Research students at NIO - 71 Summer training/dissertation of Indian students - 295 Capacity building programs for external agencies following programmes were organized/ conducted : 26 September Students' interaction with Prof. Madhav Gadgil (250 science students and 16 teachers have Presentations on select research projects were held. He participated in science interaction program on addressed the NIO staff and also inaugurated the the occasion of CSIR Foundation day. Three Biology Wing Extension. A press conference was held best questions and three good questions were during this visit, while talking to the press he stressed appreciated with prizes and certificates. The on the need for the research in the EEZ of India and topics of discussion were “Evolution of life on Antarctica and expressed his satisfaction on the work earth”; “Human evolution”; “Future of life on that is being carried out by NIO and by the National earth” and “Conservation of biodiversity”). Centre for Antarctic and Oceanic Research of the 25 October - 19 December Ministry of Earth Sciences located at Vasco-da-Gama. Technical Assistance Program for Marine Exhibitions Scientific Research (TAPMAR). The course was funded by International Sea Bed Authority (3 The Institute participated in the following exhibitions: students participated - Argentina, Nigeria and Ÿ Health Exhibition at Shri Kamaxidevi SriLanka) Homeopathic Medical College & Hospital, Shiroda, Goa, 10-13 December, 2009 Ÿ Festival Quark - 2010 organized by BITS-Pilani, Goa campus, 4-7 February, 2010 Ÿ Science Fiesta-2010 at Goa Science Centre, Miramar, 25-27 February, 2010 92 COLLABORATIONS Organisation Area Duration NIO Coordinator International Collaborations Proudman Oceanographic Sea level science and space 27.05.2009 - A.S. Unnikrishnan Laboratory, Liverpool, UK geodesy; science and 26.05.2014 monitoring of shelf seas; ocean modeling; ocean engineering; and technology research exchanges Woods Hole Oceanographic Palaeoceanography; 19.06.2009 - V. Ramaswamy Institution, USA sedimentary processes and 18.06.2014 gas hydrates National University of Ocean dynamics, advanced 16.10.2009 - P. Vethamony Singapore ocean sampling technologies, 15.10.2012 marine environment, biology and ecology National Collaborations Chilika Development Authority, Sustainable management of 28.08.2009 - R.A. Sreepada Bhubaneswar Chilika lagoon through regular 27.08.2014 environmental monitoring programmes VEA Automation and Transfer of Autonomous 04.09.2009 - Elgar Desa and Robotics Pvt. Ltd., Underwater Vehicle (AUV) 03.09.2014 R. Madhan Coimbatore, TN technology: MAYA Environ Software (Pvt.) Ltd., Ecosystem modeling for Cochin 15.01.2010 - Parameswaran PS Bangalore backwaters 07.05.2013 Larsen and Toubro Limited, Transfer of Autonomous 24.02.2010 - Elgar Desa and Mumbai Underwater Vehicle (AUV) 23.02.2015 R. Madhan Technology: MAYA IPSHEM (ONGC), Goa Oceanographic studies 05.03.2010 - Baban Ingole 04.03.2015 Ernst & Young Pvt. Ltd., Feasibility study for a Marine 30.03.2010 - N. Ramaiah Hyderabad Biotech Park at Jamnagar, Gujarat Awards/Recognition Considered for an Associate of the Indian Academy of Sciences Dr. Pawan Dewangan 93 PATENTS & PUBLICATIONS PATENTS GRANTED Alkawri, A.A.S., Ramaiah, N. Spatio- of significant sources influencing the temporal variability of dinoflagellate variation of water quality of Kandla ABROAD assemblages in different salinity creek, Gulf of Katchchh, using PCA. A process for production of low regimes in the west coast of India. Environ. Monit. Assess., 163(1-3), temperature active alkaline protease Harmful Algae, 9(2), 2010:153-162. 2010:49-56. from a deep-sea fungus Chandralata Badarinath, K.V.S., Kharol, S.K., Dalal, S.G., Shirodkar, P.V., Verlekar, Raghukumar, Samir Ravikant Sharma, A.R., Ramaswamy, V., X.N., Jagtap, T.G., Rao, G.S. Damare, Usha Devi Muraleedharan Kaskaoutis, D.G., Kambezidis, H.D. Apportionment of sources affecting (EP1692296 dt15/04/2009) Investigations of an intense aerosol water quality: case study of Kandla Vortex diode as an apparatus for loading during 2007 cyclone SIDR - a Creek, Gulf of Katchchh. Environ. filteration and disinfection of sea study using satellite data and ground Forensics, 10(2), 2009:101-106. water/ship's ballast water and a measurements over Indian region. Damare, V., Raghukumar, S. method thereof - Ranade Vivek V., Atmos. Environ., 43(24), 2009:3708- Association of the stramenopilan Pandit, Anil Arga Chandrasekhar, 3716. protists, the aplanochytrids, with Sawant Subhash Shivram, Ilangovan Bhagirathan, U., Meenakumari, B., zooplankton of the equatorial Indian Dandayupani, Madhan Jayalakshmy, K.V., Panda, S.K., Ocean. Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser., 399, Rajachandran, PIL (7585416 dt. Madhu, V.R., Vaghela, D.T. Impact of 2010:53-68. 08/09/2009) bottom trawling on sediment Das, P., Iyer, S.D. Geochemical A process for enzymatic deinking of characteristics - a study along inshore characterization of oceanic basalts printed papers - Chandralata waters off Veraval coast, India. using artificial neural network. Raghukumar, Chellandi Mohandass, Environ. Monit. Assess., 160(1-4), Geochem. Trans., 10, 2009:11 pp. Antonio Mascarenhas, Vijayakumar 2010:355-369. De, C., Chakraborty, B. Acoustic Kanojia (SE532396C2 Bhattacharya, S.K., Borole, D.V., characterization of seafloor sediment dt.12/01/2010) Francey, R.J., Allison, C.E., Steele, employing a hybrid method of neural Process for biological deinking of office L.P., Krummel, P., Langenfelds, R., network architecture and fuzzy waste paper - Chandralata Masarie, K.A., Tiwari, Y.K., Patra, P.K. algorithm. IEEE Geosci. Remote Sens. Lett., 6(4), 2009:743-747. Raghukumar, Chellandi Mohandass, Trace gases and CO2 isotope records Oliviera Telma, Raghukumar from Cabo de Rama, India. Curr. 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Kumar, D., Dash R., Dewangan, P. Island, Lakshadweep, India. Int. J. Sci. Lett., 284(3-4), 2009:399-408. Methods of gas hydrate concentration Naut. Archaeol., 38(2), 2009:406-412. Yeung, L.W.Y., Yamashita, N., Taniyasu, estimation with field examples. Tripati, S., Gaur, A.S., Sundaresh. S., Lam, P.K.S., Sinha, R.K., Borole, Geohorizons, Dec. 2009:76-86. Exploration of a steamship wreck off D.V., Kannan, K. A survey of Mandal, S., Prabaharan, N. Ocean wave Amee shoals, Goa, India: a perfluorinated compounds in surface prediction using numerical and preliminary report. Int. J. Naut. water and biota including dolphins neural network models. Open Ocean Archaeol., 39(1), 2010:182-189. from the Ganges River and in other Eng. J., 3, 2010:12-17. waterbodies in India. Chemosphere, Mazzocchi, M.G., Gonzalez, H.E., SPONSORED PROJECT 76(1), 2009:55–62. Vandromme, P., Borrione, I., deAlcala, REPORTS M.R., Gauns, M., Assmy, P., Fuchs, PAPERS IN B., Klaas, C., Martin, P., Montresor, Rao, B.P. Environmental baseline OTHER JOURNALS M., Ramaiah, N., Naqvi, S.W.A., studies and EIA for development Smetacek, V. A non-diatom plankton operation in NEC offshore block off Babu, K.N., Shukla, A.K., Matondkar, bloom controlled by copepod grazing Orissa coast - CRZ studies (SSP1578), S.G.P., Singh, S.K., Sawant, S.S. and amphipod predation: preliminary Reliance Industries Limited (NIO/SP- Characterization of chlorophyll-a over results from the LOHAFEX iron- 19/2009) CAL-VAL site at Kavaratti in the fertilisation experiment. Globec Int. Rao, B.P. Demarcation of HTL, LTL and 98 CRZ boundaries for Reliance Sinyar Contracting Est. at Saudi- Associates Private Limited, Bangalore Industries Limited at Kakinada Deep Arabia (NIO/SP-32/2009) (NIO/SP-43/2009) sea Port, Andhra Pradesh (SSP1799), DineshKumar, P.K. Environment and JiyalalRam, M. Monitoring of Mangrove Reliance Industries Limited (NIO/SP- Bio-diversity monitoring of Ten Habitat at Hazira (SSP1585), Hazira 20/2009) Exploratory drilling site at block KG- Port Pvt. Limited, Ahmedabad Vora, K.H. Marine Archaeological OSN 2001/3 (KG Block #21) (NIO/SP-44/2009) explorations at Poompuhar (SSP2127), Gujarat State Petroleum Gajbhiye, S.N. Management of marine (SSP2197), Fisheries Department, Corporation Limited (NIO/SP- ecology and conversation of corals off Government of Tamil Nadu (NIO/SP- 33/2009) vadinar Phase-IV(c): General 21/2009) Rao, B.P. Demarcation of HTL, LTL and Monitoring and Translocation of Vora, K.H. Marine underwater CRZ boundaries for proposed thermal relocated corals at intertidal and inspection of the submerged effluent power station (2*500MW) in subtidal sites off vadinar during April pipelines-BASF (SSP2142), BASF, Nagapatinam district Tamil Nadu and May 2005 (SSP1606), ESSAR Oil Mangalore (NIO/SP-22/2009) (SSP2172), PEL Power Limited Limited, Mumbai (NIO/SP-45/2009) Sarma, R.V. Monitoring of coastal (NIO/SP-34/2009) Gajbhiye, S.N. Management of marine marine and estuaries ecology of Rajagopal, M.D. Monitoring of ecological ecology and conversation of corals off Maharashtra (SSP1881), conditions of near-shore areas of vadinar Phase-IV(b): Subtidal coral Maharashtra Pollution Control Board Paradip and adjacent creeks during monitoring at transaction site off (NIO/SP-23/2009) phase-II pre-dredging period quarterly vadinal during April 2005 (SSP1607), Pathak, K.C. Demarcation of HTL and report II and III (SSP2203-SSP2204), ESSAR Oil Limited, Mumbai (NIO/SP- ground transfer of CRZ boundary Indian Oil Corporation Limited 45/2009) along and across the plot bearing CTS (NIO/SP-35/2009) Gajbhiye, S.N. Management of marine NO 198B located at Ghatkopar, Babu, M.T. Impact of Kalpasar project ecology and conversation of corals off Mumbai for PWD Maharashtra on the existing and proposed ports in vadinar during November 2005 (SSP2195), Infrastructure venture the Gulf Khambhat (SSP2008), Phase-IV (SSP1680), ESSAR Oil India Limited (NIO/SP-24/2009) National Environmental Engineering Limited, Jamnagar (NIO/SP- Reddy, N.P.C. Rapid Marine of Research Institute, Nagpur 45/2009) Environmental Impact Assessment (NIO/SP-36/2009) Gajbhiye, S.N. Management of marine studies for the disposal of treated Pathak, K.C. Demarcation of HTL and ecology and conversation of corals off effluents into marine environment off Delineation of CRZ boundaries along vadinar during April 2006 Phase-IV Mentada, Pydibhimavaram and across the plot bearing CTS. No. (SSP1742), Vadinar Oil Terminal Panchayat, Ranasthalam Mandal G/617, 15th Road, Santa Cruz (West), Limited/ESSAR Oil Limited Gujarat Srikakulam District, Andhra Pradesh Located in H-westward off Khar, (NIO/SP-45/2009) (SSP2161-SSP2164), Lantech Bandra, Mumbai, Maharashtra Gajbhiye, S.N. Management of marine Pharmaceuticals Limited (NIO/SP- (SSP2223), Girish and Associates ecology and conversation of corals off 25/2009) (NIO/SP-37/2009) vadinar during November 2006 Rao, B.P. Demarcation of HTL, LTL and Pathak, K.C. Demarcation of HTL, and Phase-IV (SSP1848), Vadinar Oil CRZ boundaries for Chemplast Delineation of CRZ boundaries along Terminal Limited, Gujarat (NIO/SP- Sanmar limited along a shorefront and and across the plot bearing CTS No. 45/2009) Paravanar creek near Cuddlore 7624, 7624(1 to 156) and adjoining Gajbhiye, S.N. Management of marine (SSP2226), Indomer Coastal nalla land of village Kolekalyan, ecology and conversation of corals off Hydraulic (P) Limited, Chennai Santa-Cruz(East), located in H-West vadinar during April 2007 Phase-IV (NIO/SP-26/2009) ward off Khar-Danda Mumbai, (SSP1891), Vadinar Oil Terminal Rao, B.P. Demarcation of HTL, LTL and Maharashtra (SSP2210), Essar Group Limited, Gujarat (NIO/SP-45/2009) CRZ boundaries of Tekkali creek near (NIO/SP-38/2009) Rao, B.P. Demarcation of HTL, LTL and Bhavanapadu (SSP2186), Energy Joseph, T. Environment and CRZ mapping for the LNG port site Infratech Private Limited, Hyderabad Biodiversity monitoring of Six near Mundra, Gujarat (SSP2259), (NIO/SP-27/2009) exploratory drilling sites at block KG- Secon Private Limited (NIO/SP- DineshKumar, P.K. Environmental and OSN-2001/3 (KG-Block) KG#19 46/2009) Bio-diversity Monitoring of ten (SSP1746), Gujarat state Petroleum Sarma, R.V. Impact Assessment on Exploratory drilling sites at block KG- Corporation Limited (NIO/SP- fishing due to activities of Dighi port OSN-2001/3 (KG Block #32) 39/2009) (SSP2062), Dighi Port Limited, (SSP2127), Gujarat State Petroleum Subrahmanyam, V. Submarine pipeline Mumbai (NIO/SP-47/2009) Corporation Limited (NIO/SP- inspection of 650m and 700m length Gajbhiye, S.N. Marine EIA for proposed 28/2009) for MRPL, Mangalore (SSP2224), expansion of power plant (Phase III) at JawaharKumar, Ch. Delineation of HTL, Mangalore Refinery and Tunda Wandh village District Kachch, LTL and CRZ boundaries for Hinduja Petrochemicals Limited (NIO/SP- Gujarat (SSP2069), Adani Power National Power Corporation Limited 40/2009) Limited, Ahmedabad (NIO/SP- (SSP2136), Hinduja National Power Naidu, V.S. Prevailing Environment and 48/2009) Corporation Limited (NIO/SP- model study in Tapi estuary for Gajbhiye, S.N. Periodic Monitoring of 29/2009) construction of GMB Jetty at Hazira Amba estuary (May 2009) (SSP2244), Rao, B.P. Demarcation of HTL, and CRZ (SSP1601), Gujarat Maritime Board, Reliance Industries Limited, boundaries in Alibag (SSP2217), Fine Gandhinagar (NIO/SP-41/2009) Nagothane (NIO/SP-49/2009) Envirotech Engineer (NIO/SP- Rao, B.P. Demarcation of HTL, LTL and Naidu, V.S. Comprehensive Marine EIA 30/2009) CRZ boundaries between for site selection of intake and outfall Soniya Sukumaran. Environment Vamsadhara and Bendi creek, of proposed power plant at Ghogha by Impact Assessment of proposed Srikakulam District Andhra Pradesh Bhavnagar Energy Company Limited development of existing Jetty of (SSP2137), Indomer Coastal (SSP2073), Bhavnagar Energy KRIBHCO at Tapi Estuary(SSP2185), Hydraulics Limited, Chennai Company Limited, Gandhinagar Krishak Bharati Cooperative Limited (NIO/SP-42/2009) (NIO/SP-50/2009) (NIO/SP-31/2009) Satyanarayana, Raju Y. Demarcation of JawaharKumar, Ch. Delineation of HTL, Sawant S.S. Environmental analysis of HTL, LTL and CRZ boundaries along LTL and CRZ boundaries for Adani Ballast water for Al-Sinyar contracting the fishing villages of Pondicherry and Power Dahej Limited in the survey Est at Saudi- Arabia (SSP2107), Al- Karaikal (SSP2228), Wilbur Smith limits of Suva village, Bharuch District 99 Limited, Gujarat (SSP2262), Adani (NIO/SP-01/2010) CRZ boundaries for the survey Power Dahej Limited (NIO/SP- Vaz, S.C. Demarcation of HTL and NO.294 near Appikonda 51/2009) Delineation of CRZ boundary along Visakhapatnam district, A.P Sreepada R.A. Marine Environmental and across plot bearing C.T.S. No. (SSP2333), K Subbareddy, Impact Assessment studies for E86-16, located at Khar - Danda, Visakhapatnam (NIO/SP-13/2010) utilization of ferrosand (Copper Slag) Mumbai (SSP2278), Mumbai Shelter SanilKumar,V. Mathematical modeling as reclamation material for berth Housing Development Pvt. Ltd. studies for the proposed jetty expansion at Tuticorin Port, Tamil (NIO/SP-02/2010) alignment in connection with the coal Nadu (SSP2229), Sterlite Industries Gajbhiye. S.N. Marine EIA of high based 2x 800MW Udangudi super Limited, Tuticorin, Tamil Nadu capacity coal and other Dry Cargo Critical Thermal Power Project at (NIO/SP-52/2009) Terminal at Tunda/ Wandh, Dist, Udangudi Tuticorin district Tamil Tirodkar G.M. Additional study for Pre Kachchh ( SSP1894), Mundra Port & Nadu (SSP2290), Udangudi Power and Post laid survey for submarine Special Economic Zone Limited, Corporation Limited (NIO/SP- pipeline across Mandovi River Old Goa Ahmedabad (NIO/SP-03/2010) 14/2010) (ferry point) to Diwar Island Gajbhiye, S.N. Marine Environmental Naidu,V.S. Comprehensive Marine EIA (SSP2266), Public Works Department, Impact Assessment for Mundra Port of 3200MW coal based power plant at Government of Goa (NIO/SP- Expansion, Phase I - Basin and Allied Sarakhadi by Gujarat State Electricity 53/2009) Development in and around Mundra Corporation Ltd., (SSP2174), Gujarat Pathak, K.C. Demarcation of HTL and (SSP1896), Mundra Port & Special State Electricity Corporation Ltd., Delineation of CRZ boundary along Economic Zone Limited, Ahmedabad (NIO/SP-15/2010) and across site bearing CTS No. 657(c) (NIO/SP-04/2010) Vaz, S.C. Demarcation of HTL and at village Kanjur Marg (E), Mumbai, Gajbhiye, S.N. Marine EIA for project Delineation of CRZ boundary along Maharashtra (SSP2256), Alpha “Mundra Port Eastern Basin at and across plot bearing C.T.S. No Environs (NIO/SP-54/2009) Mundra, District Kachchh” G/328A & G/328B of village Bandra Rao, B.P. Demarcation of HTL, LTL and (SSP1937), Mundra Port & Special at Santacruz, Mumbai (SSP2312), CRZ boundaries near Tunda village Economic Zone Limited, Ahmedabad Orra Realtors Pvt. Ltd., (NIO/SP- Gujarat (SSP2285), Coastal Gujarat (NIO/SP-05/2010) 16/2010) Power Company Ltd., Bangalore (Tata Gajbhiye,.S.N. Marine EIA for project Tirodkar, G.M. Demarcation of High Power Company Limited) (NIO/SP- “Mundra Port Northern Basin at Tide Line and Delineation of CRZ 55/2009) Mundra, District Kachchh (SSP1960), boundary along and across plot Pathak, K.C. Demarcation of HTL and Mundra Port & Special Economic Zone bearing C.T.S. No 1285-A/B, 1285- Delineation of CRZ boundary along Limited, Ahmedabad. (NIO/SP- A/C, 1285-A/E, 1285-A/F and 1286 and across the plot located at 06/2010) of village KanjurDistrict Thane Ambolgadh for Ambolgadh Beach Jawaher Kumar,Ch. Delineation of HTL, (SSP2112), Amarjit Singh Chandok Resort Private Limited (SSP2257), LTL, and CRZ boundaries for Sunray (NIO/SP-17/2010) Ambolgadh Beach Resort Private Properties in the survey limits of DineshKumar, P.K. Environmental Limited (NIO/SP-56/2009) Chepada Kancheru village, Monitoring of Well MN-OSN-2000/2-F Pathak, K.C. Demarcation of HTL and Vizainagram District, Andhra Pradesh (MDW#6) in Mahanandi Offshore delineation of CRZ boundary along (SSP2275), Sunray Properties, Block MN-OSN-2000/2 (SSP2305), and across the site bearing CTS NO. Visakhapatnam (NIO/SP-07/2010) Oil and Natural Gas Corporation Ltd, B908, B909, B911(pt) of village Tirodkar, G.M. Demarcation of HTL and Kolkata (NIO/SP-18/2010) Bandra(W), H/West ward at Mount delineation of CRZ boundary along Rao, B.P. Demarcation of HTL and CRZ Marry, Khandeshwari Mandir Marg, and across the plot bearing C.T.S No. boundaries along the creek in the Mumbai (SSP2263), Akruti City G/414-B in H/West Ward of village plant near Uppada Village, Andhra (NIO/SP-57/2009) Bandra Mumbai, Maharashtra. Pradesh (SSP2347), SGPL Power Plant Rao, B.P. Demarcation of HTL and CRZ (SSP2302), S. Jadhwani Realtors, Kakinada (NIO/SP-19/2010) Boundaries in village Ranjnali Taluka, Mumbai (NIO/SP-08/2010) JiyalalRam, M. Marine EIA for Bhiwadi District Thane Maharashtra Tirodkar, G.M. Demarcation of HTL and discharging treated effluents from (SSP2252), Fine Envirotech delineation of CRZ boundary along Jhagadia (GIDC) into coastal water of Engineer's Mumbai (NIO/SP- and across the plot bearing C.S No 5 pt Gulf of Cambay (SSP2143), Bharuch 58/2009) & 15PT of Mahim division Adarsh Eco-Aquua Infrastructure Limited, Rao, B.P. Demarcation of HTL, LTL and Nagar work Mumbai 400025, Ankleshwar (NIO/SP-20/2010) CRZ boundaries for the coal based Maharashtra (SSP2274), Ravi Raj Ingole, B.S. Part-A Trend Analysis power plant near Pipavav Port, Amreli Design Studio (NIO/SP-09/2010) (SSP2283), ONGC, Betul Goa District Gujarat (SSP2286), Pipavav Rao, B.P. Demarcation of High Tide Line (NIO/SP-21/2010) Energy Private Limited (NIO/SP- & CRZ boundaries in pimblas Village Unnikrishnan, A.S. Impact and 59/2009) Bhiwandi taluka Thane district Vulnerability studies along the coast Rao, B.P. Demarcation of HTL, LTL and Maharashtra (SSP2251), Fine of India to Projected sea-level rise and CRZ boundaries for the coal based Environtech Engineer, Mumbai changes in extreme sealevel power plant at Bhadreshwar, (NIO/SP-10/2010) (SSP2003), Winrock International, Kachchh district, Gujarat (SSP2277), Sukumaran, S. Marine EIA for Delhi (NIO/SP-22/2010) Indomer Coastal Hydraulics Private development of Vanbakbara Fishery Limited (NIO/SP-60/2009) Harbour and Ghogla Fish Landing CONSULLTANCY PROJECT Naidu, V.S. Rapid Marine EIA of centre, Diu (SSP2232), UT 1200MW coal based power plant at Administration of Daman & Diu, REPORTS Pipavav by Videocon Industries Daman (NIO/SP-11/2010) Sarma, R.V. Seawater intake effluent Limited (SSP2234), Pipavav Energy Tirodkar, G.M. Demarcation of HTL and release in Salaya creek-additional Private Limited, and New Delhi Delineation of CRZ boundary along studies (CNP2126), Essar Power (NIO/SP-61/2009) and across the plot bearing C.T.S NO. Gujarat Limited (NIO/CON-02/2009) Rao, B.P. Demarcation of HTL, LTL and E/44 of village Bandra at 16th Road Sreepada, R.A. Acute toxicity test CRZ boundaries for Astaranga Port Khar (W) in H/West Ward Mumbai, (bioassays) of SOBM, Sample with near Astaranga, Puri District Orissa ( Maharashtra (SSP2311), Yojana Saraline 200 as base fluid to marine SSP2271), Navayuga Engineering Infratech, Mumbai (NIO/SP-12/2010) biota (CNP2228), KMC Oil tools India Company Limited, Hyderabad Rao, B.P. Demarcation of HTL, LTL & Private Limited (NIO/CON-03/2009) 100 Rao, B.P. Demarcation of HTL, LTL and 2005/2(CNP2269), Adani Welspun ManiMurali, R., Kumar, R. Mapping of CRZ survey at Krishnapatnam port in exploration Limited (NIO/CON- Environmental Sensitive Index (ESI) for Nellore district (CNP2171), Indomer 17/2009) the oil spills at Goa coast, India. In: Coastal Hydraulics Private Limited Naidu, V.S. Marine EIA for proposed Proc. Geomatrix Natl. Conf. on (NIO/CON-04/2009) power plant at Pipavav by Videocon Geospatial Technologies, IIT Bombay, Sreepada, R.A. Toxicity and Limited, New Delhi (CNP2255), Pipavav India, 28 Feb-1 Mar 2009), 9 pp. biodegradability studies of shell Energy Private Limited (NIO/CON- Murty, A.S.N., Murty, V.S.N. Physical Saraline 200 synthetic base drilling 18/2009) oceanography. APH Publishing, New fluid (CNP2227), Shell MDS, Malaysia Gujar, A.R. Exploration report an placer Delhi, India, 2010:xii + 429 pp. (NIO/CON-05/2009) minerals in the nearshore area from Naqvi, S.W.A., Unnikrishnan, A.S. Sharma, R. Establishment of a geological Mirya to Vijaydurg bay Maharashtra Hydrography and biogeochemistry of model of the metals of economic (CNP2289), Rare(H) Minerals, Trichy the coastal ocean. In: Surface Ocean - interest in polymetallic deposits in Tamil Nadu (NIO/CON-19/2009) Lower Atmosphere Processes. Ed. by: central Indian Basin (CNP2219), SanilKumar, V. Risk Analysis and Le Quere, C., Saltzman, E.S. (Geophys. International Seabed Authority disaster management plan for offshore Monogr. Ser., 187). American (NIO/CON-06/2009) integrated SPM terminal off Paradip Geophysical Union, Washington, DC, Sreepada R.A. Toxicity, biodegradability (CNP2264), Engineers India Limited, USA, 2009:233-250. and Bio- concentration studies of Low- New Delhi (NIO/CON-20/2009) PrasannaKumar, S., Roshin, R.P., Toxic synthetic based drilling Mud SanilKumar, V. Verification of diffuser Narvekar, J., DineshKumar, P.K., (LTSOBM) (CNP2230), Q'Max Solutions Assembly to be installed at Vivekanandan, E. Signatures of global (NIO/CON-07/2009) Visakhapatnam Steel Plant (CNP warming and regional climate shift in Rajagopal, M.D. Shoreline change along 2304), Hydroair Tectonics (SPD) Private the Arabian Sea. In: Proc. Natl. Symp. the Gahirmatha coast, Orissa Limited, Mumbai (NIO/CON-21/2009) on Impact Climate Change and Aquatic (CNP2156), Dharma Port Corporation Subrahmanyam, V. Consultancy services Ecosystems (NSICCAE 2010). Ed. by: Limited (NIO/CON-08/2009) to Bharuch Eco- Aqua Infrastructure Joseph, A., Nandan, S.B., Augustine, Rao, B.P. Demarcation of HTL, LTL and Ltd (BEAIL) during Post-laid surveyof A., Cochin University of Science and CRZ boundaries along Buckingham offshore pipeline & diffuser (CNP1967), Technology, 18-19 Feb 2010:55-62. canal and open sea near Bharuch Eco- Aqua Infrastructure Ltd., Smetacek, V., Naqvi, S.W.A. The next Krishnapatnam for MEPL (CNP2247), Ankleshwar, Gujarat (NIO/Con- generation of iron fertilization Indomer Coastal Hydraulics Private 22/2009) experiments in the southern Ocean. In: Limited (NIO/CON-09/2009) Rao, B.P. Demarcation of HTl, LTL and Geo-engineering Climate Change: Naik, D.K. Physical Demarcation of CRZ boundaries at Ontimamidi, Environmental Necessity or Pandora's selected points on CRZ line of Aravali Tongandi mandal near Kakinada, East box?. Ed. by: Launder, B., Thompson, Tak Plateau Vengurla (CNP2147), Godavari (CNP 2300), AGM Corporate J.M.T., Cambridge University Press, Fomento Resorts and Hotels Limited Environment Consulting service Pvt. Cambridge, UK, 2010:181-204. (NIO/CON-10/2009) Ltd. (NIO/CON-01/2010) Tripati, S. Coastal structural remains on Rao, B.P. Delineation of HTL, LTL and Sreepada, R.A. Dispersion efficiency the east coast of India: Evidence of CRZ boundaries along the Tekkali emulsion stability and acute toxicity maritime activities and their creek and open coast near studies of oil spill disoersant significance. In: Saundaryashri: Meghavaram, Srikakulam district, sample,Spillcare-ADT (CNP2325), Studies of Indian History, Andhra Pradesh for proposed Thermal Spillcare-O Metaclen Pvt. Ltd., Chennai Archaeology,Lliterature & Philosophy Power Plant (CNP2265), Meghavaram (NIO/CON-02/2010) (Festschrift to Professor A. Sundara). Power Private Ltd, New Delhi Ed. by: Reddy, P.C. Sharada Publishing (NIO/CON-11/2009) PAPERS IN House, New Delhi, India, 2009:695- Sarma, R.V. EIA study for proposed 703. expansion of volt jetty at pathfinder SYMPOSIA/CONFERENCES/ inlet near Vadinar (Gujarat) (CNP2190), BOOKS Papers published in the Proc. Vadinar Oil Terminal Limited Dewangan, P., Sriram, G., RamPrasad, T. Int. Symp. on Ocean Electronics (NIO/CON-12/2009) Rock physics modeling of shallow (SYMPOL-2009), 18-20 Satyanarayana, Raju Y. Current marine sediments in the eastern November 2009. Ed. by: Pillai, measurement near the Tug M.T. Iswari continental margin of India. In: Proc. P.R.S., Supriya, M.H. Centre for during Bollard pull test in Eighth (2009) ISOPE Ocean Mining (& Visakhapatnam outer Harbour Gas Hydrates) Symp., Chennai, India, Ocean Electronics, Cochin Univ. (CNP2258), Hindustan Shipyard 20-24 2009, International Society of of Sci. and Technol., Kochi, Limited, Visakhapatnam (NIO/CON- Offshore and Polar Engineering, India: 13/2009) California, USA, 2009:34-36. Fernandes, W.A., Chakraborty, B. Gujar, A.R. Exploration report on placer Joseph, A. Exploration and utilization of Multi-beam backscatter image data minerals in the nearshore areas from energy from sea. In: Proc. Int. Symp. on processing techniques employed to Jaigad to Kalbadevi Bays Maharashtra Renewable Energy for Rural EM 1002 system, 93-99. (CNP2214), Rare(H) Minerals, Trichy Development (ISORE-2010), Ed. by: Mehra, P., Desai, R.G.P., Joseph, A., Tamil Nadu (NIO/CON-14/2009) Dalvi, S.N., Gaikwad, R.D., Aher, S.P., VijayKumar, K., Agarvadekar, Y., Babu, M.T. Modelling study for the intake Chavan, S.D., Gharule, B.B., Luis, R., Sundar, D., Viegas, B. A one and outfall of cooling water system for Sonawane, S.R., S.N. Arts, D.J.M. year comparison of radar and the super critical thermal power project Commerce and B.N.S. Science College, pressure tide gauge at Goa, west coast at Udangudi, Tuticorin district Tamil Ahmednager, India, 25-27 February of India, 173-183. Nadu (CNP2245) (NIO/CON-15/2009) 2010:11-12. Papers published in An SanilKumar, V. Design Vetting of the Krishna, K.S., Chaubey, A.K., Rao, D.G., design report of Mangalore Special Reddy, P.R. Seismic structure and assessment of assessments: Economic Zone Limited marine Facility tectonics of the continental margins of Findings of the group of experts. (CNP2246), Mangalore Special India. In: Seismic Imaging of the Indian Pursuant to UNGA Resolution Economic Zone Limited (NIO/CON- Continental and Oceanic Crust. Ed. by: 60/30, UNESCO/IOC, Paris, 16/2009) Reddy, P.R. (NGRI Golden Jubilee, 1), France, 2009: Soniya Sukumaran. Pre- Seismic EIA Professional Books, Hyderabad, India, Naqvi, S.W.A. AoA Region: South Asian studies for block MB-OSN- 2010:324-432. Seas, 163-171. 101 Naqvi, S.W.A. AoA Region: The regional production in the northern Indian Sreepada, R.A., Murugan, A., Suryavanshi, organization for the protection of the Ocean, 239-256. U., Sanaye, S.V., Pawar, H.B. Indian marine environment/regional Wiggert, J.D., Hood, R.R., Naqvi, S.W.A., sea-horse: A unique fish, 35-37. commission for fisheries Brink, K.H., Smith, S.L. Introduction Tripati, S. Maritime archaeology for (ROPME/RECOFI) area, 154-162. to Indian Ocean biogeochemical beginners. Kaveri Books, New Delhi, Naqvi, S.W.A. AoA Region: Red Sea And processes and ecological variability: 2009:156 pp. Gulf of Aden, 146-153. Current understanding and emerging Valsangkar, A.B. Ploymetallic nodule perspectives, 1-7. resources in the central Indian Ocean, Papers published in the Proc. 28-34. Workshop on Sustained Indian Papers published in Ocean Biogeochemical and Understanding the oceans. Papers published in the Ecological Research (SIBER), [Sagar Bodh] Ed. by: Ansari, Workshop on Natural resources Goa, India, 3-6 Oct. 2006 Z.A., National Inst. of of Goa: A geological perspective. (Geophys. Monogr. Ser., 185), Oceanography, Dona Paula, Ed. by: Mascarenhas, A., American Geophysical Union, Goa, India, 2009: Kalavampara, G., Geological Washington, DC, USA, 2009 Agnihotri, R. Marine nitrogen cycle of the Society of Goa, Dhempe (Indian Ocean Biogeochemical world oceans and its climatic College, Miramar, India, 2009: Processes and Ecological importance, 52-55. Mascarenhas, A. Some implications of Ansari, Z.A. Medicinal properties of marine Variability) Ed. by: Wiggert, J.D., Coastal Regulation Zone (CRZ) mussels and mussel culture, 11-16. legislation for the coast of Goa, Hood, R.R., Naqvi, S.W.A., Baragi, L., Dias, P., Gaonkar, C. Marine 189-213. Brink, K.H., Smith, S.L. corrosion, 105-107. Mascarenhas, A. An experiment to Baragi, L., Dias, P., Gaonkar, C. Biofouling: Agnihotri, R., Naqvi, S.W.A., Kurian, S., restore coastal sand dunes at Miramar A predominant marine problem, 97-104. Altabet, M.A., Bratton, J.F. Is delta beach, Goa: An appraisal, Diwan, S.G., Singh, J. Directional wave sup(15)N of sedimentary organic matter 149-165. a good proxy for paleodenitrification in measuring system: An experience of Paropkari, A.L. Mineralogical and coastal waters of the eastern Arabian National Institute of oceanography geochemical aspects of the marine Sea? 321-332. during 1990-2005, 22-27. sediments off Goa, 167-187. Gomes, H.R., Matondkar, S.G.P., Parab, Gaur, A.S., Sundaresh. Archaeology of the S.G., Goes, J.I., Pednekar, S., Al-Azri, western Saurashtra Coast: Post-urban Papers published in Carbon and A.R.N., Thoppil, P.G. Unusual blooms Harappan era, 7-12. Nutrient Fluxes in Continental of green Noctiluca miliaris Gaur, A.S., Vora, K.H. Ancient technology Margins. Ed. by: Liu, Kon-Kee, (Dinophyceae) in the Arabian Sea and history of jetties and ports in India: Study based on archaeological Atkinson, L., Quinones, R., during the winter monsoon, 347-363. evidences, 118-122. Talaue-McManus, L. (Global Hood, R.R., Wiggert, J.D., Naqvi, S.W.A. Ingole, B.S., Suryavanshi, U., Sreepada, Indian Ocean research: Opportunities Change - The IGBP Ser.), R.A. Sting ray: A marvellous fish, 38-42. and challenges, 409-428. Springer-Verlag, Berlin, JiyalalRam, M.J. A glimpses on the Hood, R.R., Naqvi, S.W.A., Wiggert, J.D. Germany, 2010: achievements of National Institute of Preface to: Indian Ocean Oceanography, Regional Centre, Naqvi, S.W.A. Indian Ocean margins, biogeochemical processes and Mumbai, 108-117. 171-180. ecological variability, p.vii. Kaisary, S., Ray, D., KameshRaju, K.A. Naqvi, S.W.A., Naik, H., DeSouza, Jayakumar, A., Naqvi, S.W.A., Ward, B.B. Tectonic and oceanic processes along the W.,Narvekar, P.V., Paropkari, A.L., Distribution and relative quantification Indian Ocean Ridge system and back arc Bange, H.W. Carbon and nitrogen of key genes involved in fixed nitrogen fluxes in the North Indian Ocean, 180- loss from the Arabian Sea oxygen basin, 17-21. 192. minimum zone, 187-203. Kumar, R., Das, S.K. Ocean resources, 84- 89. McCreary, J.P., Murtugudde, R., Vialard, Mascarenhas, A., Ingole, B.S. Miramar Papers published in Global J., Vinayachandran, P.N., Wiggert, Environmental Changes in J.D., Hood, R.R., Shankar, D., Shetye, (Goa) beach management project: An oceanographic evaluation, 212-225. S.R. Biophysical processes in the South Asia: A regional Menezes, M.R., Kunal, S., Kumar, G. Tuna Indian Ocean, 9-32. perspective. Ed. by: Mitra, fisheries in the Exclusive Economic Zone Naqvi, S.W.A., Naik, H., Jayakumar, A., A.P., Sharma, C., Capital Pub. of India: Need of molecular study, 90-92. Pratihary, A.K., Narvenkar, G., Kurian, Naik, R. From science to society: Time for Co., New Delhi, India, 2010: S., Agnihotri, R., Shailaja, M.S., action, 123-124. DeSousa, S.N., Ahmed, A.U., Narvekar, P.V. Seasonal anoxia over Narale, D. Predation of dinoflagellate cyst DileepKumar, M., Jagtap, T.G., the western Indian continental shelf, discussion and emerging questions, 93- Sardessai, S., Hassan, A. Changes in 333-345. 96. the coastal and marine environments, PrasannaKumar, S., Narvekar, J., Nuncio, Sadanandan, S., Joshi, S., Jagtap, T. 271-326. M., Gauns, M., Sardessai, S. What Marine blue-green algae, 43-51. Singhvi, A.K., Rupakumar, K., drives the biological productivity of the Sanaye, S.V., Suryavanshi, U., Pawar, H.B., Thamban, M., Gupta, A.K., Kale, V.S., northern Indian Ocean? 33-56. Ramaiah, N., Fernandes, V., Rodrigues, Murugan, A., Sreepada, R.A. Potential Yadav, R.R., Bhattacharya, A., and scope of ornamental fish industry in Phadtare, N.R., Roy, P.D., Chauhan, V.V., Paul, J.T., Gauns, M. Bacterioplankton abundance and India, 56-64. M.S., Chauhan, O.S., Chakravorty, S., production in Indian Ocean Regions, Sarkar, A., Vashistha, D. Sheikh, M.M., Manzoor, N., Adnan, Acetylcholinestuse activity as a M., Ashraf, J., Khan, A.M., Quadir, 119-132. Rixen, T., Ramaswamy, V., Gaye, B., biomarker of neurotoxic contaminant in D.A., Devkota, L.P., Shrestha, A.B. Instrumental, terrestrial and marine Herunadi, B., Maier-Reimer, E., Bange, the marine environment, 72-83. Sarkar, A., Vashistha, D., Kaisary, S., records of the climate of South Asia H.W., Ittekkot, V. Monsoonal and during the Holocene: Present status, ENSO impacts on particle fluxes and DeSilva, C. Enzyme kinetics and unresolved problems and societal the biological pump in the Indian Michaelis Menter equation, 65-71. Shetye, S.R. Tunami: A large-scale geologic Ocean, 365-383. aspects, 54-124. event, 1-10. Sarma, V.V.S.S. Net community 102 FINANCES & HUMAN RESOURCES Finances During the year we received CSIR grant of Rs. 78.10 crores for our institutional R&D Projects. External Cash flow from other Government departments and ministries for conducting their programmes was Rs. 23.00 crores while we charged Rs. 13.10 crores from industries towards sponsored projects and consultancy. CSIR BUDGET ALLOCATION vis-à-vis External Cash Flow during last 3 years. The CSIR Grant for 2007-08 and 2008-09 includes cost of research vessel. Human Resource Dr. Bahulayan N (retired on 31.05.09) Dr. Naidu Divakar P Dr. Dalal SG Dr. Chakraborty Bishwajit Director Dr. Gajbhiye SN Dr. Gujar AR Dr. Shetye SR Dr. Ansari ZA Dr. Iyer Sridhar D Dr. Murty VSN Dr. Ramesh Kumar MR GROUP IV Dr. Dileep Kumar M Dr. Vethamony P Dr. Shenoi SSC (resigned 30.04.09) Dr. Narvekar PV Documentation Officer Dr. Parameswaran PS Dr. Mukhopadhyay Ranadhir Dr. Tapaswi MP Dr. Ramaiah N Dr. Sardesai Sugandha D Dr. Banakar VK Sc.G Dr. Gopalkrishna VV Dr. Prasanna Kumar S Dr. Sarma VV Dr. Naqvi SWA Dr. Pattan JN Sh. Sarma RV Dr. Ramana MV Dr. Rao Purnachandra V Sh. Ram Prasad T Dr. Nigam Rajiv Dr. Nagender Nath B Dr. Loka Bharathi PA Dr. Shyam Prasad M Sc.F Dr. Desa Elgar S Dr. Rao Prattipati S Dr. Swamy GN Dr. Rajagopal MD (retired on 31.05.09) Dr. Kamesh Raju KA Sh. Sarupria JS Sh. Bhattacharya GC (retired on Dr. Paropkari AL Sh. Sathe PV 30.06.09) Sh. Vora KH Dr. Karisiddaiah SM Sh. Gouveia Albert D Dr. Poi Fondekar SN (retired on 30.11.09) Dr. Valsangkar AB Sh. Desai Prabhu RG Dr. Sharma Rahul K Dr. Kodagali VN Sh. Ranade GH Dr. Mandal S Dr. Chatterji Anil K (retired on 28.02.10) Dr. Banerjee R Sh. Afzalpurkar S Dr. Kadam AN (retired on 31.05.09) Dr. Ingole BS Dr. Joseph Antony K Dr. Krishna KS Dr. Chaubey Anil K Dr. Anil Chandrashekar A Smt.D'Silva Classy Dr. Achuthankutty Shanta Dr. Somayajulu YK Dr. Subrahmanyam V Dr. Ramaswamy V Dr. Sadhuram Y Dr. Borole DV Dr. Chauhan OS Dr. Prabhu Matondkar SG Dr. Mudholkar Abhay V Dr. Jayalakshmi KV Dr. Pankajakshan T Sh. Suresh T Dr. Menezes Maria (retired on 31.03.10) 103 Dr. Jagtap TG Dr. Dewangan Pawan Smt.Simon Soja Sh. Reddy Venkata G Dr. Khandeparker Rakhee DS Sh. Naik Davidas K Sh. Subramanyam AS Dr. Khandeparker Lidita DS Sh. Naik BG Dr. Wafar MVM (retired on 31.07.09) Dr. Dessai Dattesh V Lady Medical Officer Smt.Mesquita Analia MB Dr. Mitbavkar Smita Smt.Kaisary Sujata Dr. Patil Jagadish Dr. Chodankar Kalpana Dr. Muraleedharan PM Dr. Saraswat Rajeev Library Officer EI Dr. Unnikrishnan AS Dr. Chakraborty Parthasarathi Sh. Sainekar GH Sh. Ashok Kumar K Dr. Jyothibabu R Sh. Rao Mohan K Dr. Damare Samir Supt..Engg.(Electrical) Dr. D'Souza Lizette M Dr. Yatheesh V Sh. Bachcha Singh Dr. Sarkar Anupam Dr. Kessarkar Pratima M TO-C Dr. Murty Ramana TV Dr. Abdulaziz Anas Dr. Dinesh Kumar PK Dr. Tilvi Supriya S Sh. Pattanshetti SS Dr. Suryanarayana A Dr. Naik Sushant Dr. Prabha Devi Dr. Khadge NH Dr. Moturi Srirama K Sh. Venkat Krishnamurty P Sh. Reddy Purnachandra N Smt.Desa Maria Ana Sc.B Dr. Jiyalal Ram MJ Sh. Jai Sankar S Dr. Sawant SS Sh. Sudarshan R Sh. Patil Manohar P Dr. Shenoy Damodar M Smt.Nagvekar Surekha M Sc.EII Sh. Sahu Satya Rajan Sh. Mahale Arun Y Sh. Diwan SG Dr. Jaiswar Anirudh Ram S Sh. Bandodkar Shrinivas N Dr. Jauhari Pratima Sh. Muraleedharan KR Sh. Moraes Ceasar NR Dr. Sarma YVB Dr. Ravindran C Sh. Sardar Areef A Dr. Shyam Gupta M Dr. Parvathi A Sh. Prabhu Girish A Sh. Bhat SR Smt.Joao Das Merces M Hilda TO-B Sh. Krishnama Charyulu RJ Dr. Madhu NV Sh. Rao Narasimha TV Dr. Singh Keisham S Smt.Garg Anita Dr. Fernandes AA Dr. Dhale Mohan A Smt.Lasitha Ratnakaran Dr. Mascarenhas A Dr. Das Pranab Sh. Jawahar Kumar Ch Dr. Sarma KVLNS Sh. Mahale Vasu Dr. Nair Maheswari Dr. Rathod Vijayakumar P Kum.Haridevi CK Sh. Vijayakumar Kanojia Dr. Revichandran C Dr. Imchen Temjensangba Sh. Gowthaman R Sh. Naik Gajanan P Sh. Rakesh PS Medical Officer B Sh. Mascarenhas Antonio AMQ Kum. Mamatha SS Dr. Fernandes Ivone A Dr. Kunte PD Sh. Saran AK GROUP III Asst.Exe.Officer Smt.J. Tresiamma (retired on 31.10.09) Sh. Phutankar Rajendra P TO-EII Dr. Raveendran TV Library Officer B Sh. Sarma MSS Sh. Subramaniam V Dr. Rao Prabhakara B Sh. Sundaresh Sh. Thampi KE Dr. Sila Tripati Sh. Murty GPS TO-A Sh. Panneer Selvam Dr. Shirodkar PV Sh. Thorat Babasaheb Dr. Sanil Kumar VV Sh. Marathe Prakash Sh. Madhan R Dr. Gaur Anuruddh Singh STA Dr. Doraiswamy Shankar Sh. Sonawane AV Sh. Kavlekar Devanand P Sh. Navelkar Gajanan S Sh. Fernandes Blasco Sh. Prabhudesai Shivanand P Sh. Ilangovan D Sh. Mandalia AV Sh. Dabholkar Nitin A Dr. Mohandas C Sh. Sharma Prashant Sh. Fernandes William A Sh. Jayakumar Seelam Supt.Engg.(Civil) Smt.Gomes Sharon T Dr. Sarma VVSS Sh. Mathews Chacko P Sh. Methar Anand L Sh. Agarvadekar Yogesh V Sc.EI TO-EI Sh. Khalap Sadashiv T Sh. Menezes Andrew A Smt.Dias Caroline FM Sh. Tirodkar Gurudas M Sh. Ambre NV (retired on 30.06.09) Sh. Nanyasi SK Sh. Vaz Santana C Sh. Mehra Prakash Sh. Sundar Damodaran Jr. Engg. (Gr. II) Dr. Lakshiminarayana S Dr. Babu MT Dr. Velamala S Naidu Dr. Parthiban G Smt. Phatarpenkar Vandana Sh. Sarma PVSSR Dr. Balachandran KK JTA Dr. Mazumdar Aninda Dr. Srinivas Karlapati Dr. Thakur Narsinh Smt.Bandodkar Sujal S Sh. Rao Ramalingeswara B Sh. Satelkar Narayan P Sc.C Sh. Vijay Kumar B Sh. Jai Singh Sh. Durga Prasad PVSS Sh. Tony J Thottam Kum.Gawade Lata G Dr. Nagarajan R Sh. Almeida Anselmo M Sh. Naik Milind M Dr. Gauns Mangesh U Sh. Prabaharan N Smt.Karapurkar Supriya G Dr. Gonsalves Maria-Judith Dr. Prakash Babu C Sh. Kunkolikar Kishan G Smt.Neetu Suresh Dr. Alagarsamy R Sh. Das Santosh Kumar Sh. Sreepada Anantha R Sh. Rokade MA (transferred 23.07.09) Dr. Agnihotri Rajesh Sh. Krishnakumar V Sh. Sudheesh K Dr. Sukumaran Soniya Sh. Phadte GM Sh. Singh Manoranjan P Kum. Cathrine Sumathi J Sh. Fernando Vijayan Sh. Meena Ram Murti Dr. Ravindran J Sh. Khedekar VD Sh. Kerkar Miliketan S Sh. Ray Durbar Sh. Gracias DG Sh. Korgaokar Mahesh M Dr. Kurian Siby Sh. Michael G Selvan Sh. D'Souza Anthony C Dr. Naik Hema Sh. Premakumar MK Sh. Tari Prakash A Smt.Pereira Maria Brenda L Sh. Satyanarayana RY Sh. Gaonkar Mithun G Dr. Gandhi Aparna S Sh. Vijayan PRN Sh. Luis Ryan Sh. Suresh I Sh. Gaonkar SS Sh. Tari Anand Sh. Kocherla Muralidhar Sh. Pednekar PS Smt.Narvekar Vedha V Sh. Mani Murali R Sh. Pathak KC Sh. Rebello Sheldon Sh. Maurya Pramod Kumar Sh. Raju NSN Sh. Kapshikar Rajvardhan M Dr. Biswas Haimanti Sh. Walker Gavin A Sh. Krishna Kiran Sh. Ganesan P 104 Sh. Gopi G (transferred 11.09.09) Sh. Pednekar Babuso H Laboratory Attendant Sh. Naik Pradosh N (resigned 05.08.09) Jr. Technician Sh. Mustafa Basha Shaik Kum.Nagvekar Shradha Kum.Naik Suchita Sh. Shirgaunkar Anil V Khalasi Kum.Parab Shradha Printing Mechanic Sh. Jogle Vithal A Sh. Fernandes Aquino T (retired on Sh. Mapari Kaushal E Sh. Naroji Subhash S Kum.Samudrala Kiranmai 31.01.10) Sh. Kankonkar Ashok Compositor (Gr.II) Sh. Vijayan P Sh. Viswanath J Sh. Mochemadkar Mahesh V Jr.Gestetnor Operator Sh. Ghatkar Siddarth Technician (Instruments) Sh. George Thomas Sh. Mohd. Shahnvaj Smt.Vimalakumari D Watchman GROUP II Turner Sh. Parsekar SB (retired on 31.05.09) Sh. D'Silva Eulalio O Sh. Mahale Jaidev G (retired on Group II(4) 31.07.09) Driver Cum Mechanic STA Laboratory Bearer Sh. Nadar Kasi Sh. Luis RAA Sh. Sheikh Yacub Sh. Naik Kamlakant L Works Mistry Sh. Parulekar Atmaram SN Technical Assistant Sh. Krishnaiah K Sh. D'Souza Francis Sh. Sardessai RB (retired on 30.04.09) Sh. Madaswamy B Mali SLA Carpenter Sh. Gaunco Anant M Sh. Parmar UA Sh. Naik Gurudas P Sh. Vithoba Kundaiker Smt.Prabhu Beena S Cateloguer Peon Smt.Ramaswamy Philomena Sh. Gawas Atmaram K Sh. Arlekar Pradeep Sh. Fernandes Bruno Sh. Naik RL Staff Car Driver Helper Gr.A Smt.Ribeiro Basinda C Sh. John Luis Sh. Gauns Dinu P Sh. Mochemadkar Manohar V Sh. Mascarenhas Luis S Technican-C Group I(3) Sh. Naik Ganesh N Sh. Sasikumar KL SLA Sh. Nair Sivaraman KK Group II(3) Sh. Patel Babu G Sh. Mir Hussain S Sh. Chauhan Gopal K Nursing Sister Workshop Assistant Sh. Gauns Fotu Smt.Mochemadkar Kanchan M Sh. Sawant Raghunath Sh. Ribeiro Melwin Tracer Laboratory Attendant Sh. Amaral Jose AN (retired on 30.09.09) Sh. Chitari Satish B Sh. Dongrekar ST Sh. Bhobe Datta Prasad P Driver Cum Mechanic Mali Sh. Rao Koteswara A Sh. Polichetti N Sh. Keshavappa T Sh. Prasad Ranga TV Smt.Shirodkar Susheela Sh. Talkatnal YS Cook Sh. Bagde DS Sh. Godinho Jose Helper Gr.A Sh. Babu Suri A Sh. Oza Jayram G Sh. Monteiro Antonio Guest House Attendant Sh. Gawas Laxman B Sh. Kamat Dattaram S Sh. Ilyas Md Driver Cum Mechanic SLA Sh. Gauns Monu G Sh. Chorat Baji Rao (retired on Sh. Martins Naguesh 31.05.09) Sh. Dalvi Hanumant S Sh. Gawade Shivaji D Sr. Deckhand Technician Gr.II Laboratory Bearer Sh. Dhavjekar Maheshwar V Smt.Grace Joseph Smt.Geethakumari PG Sh. Mandrekar Uday D Kum.Fernandes Aida Sh. Toraskar Namdev B Group II(2) Group I (2) Sh. Kankonkar PJ Sh. Sasi EK Staff Car Driver Technician Sh. Gawas Suresh M KPO Sh. Dige Anant Shanker Sh. Sable Baban V ADMINISTRATION Smt.Rodrigues Ancy Sh. Chavan Subhash S Sh. Prabhu RK COA Sh. Naik Suryakant R Technician Gr.II Sh. Panicker Omman O Sh. Jakhi SPN Smt.Venkata Ramana K Ch. (transferred 24.11.09) Sh. Dias Mathew Sh. Dalvi MG JLA Tracer Sh. Kulkarni VK CoFA Sh. Chitari KG (retired on 28.02. 10) Sh. Murty Ch GK Sh. Akerkar SG Khalasi Sh. Pawaskar Pramod Sh. Shariff Md Bepari SPO Sh. Pant Suresh (transferred 20.11.09) Sh. Uchil R Dispatch Rider Sh. Javali Udaykumar Sh. Sundar HV Sh. Poi Venkatesh R Sh. Chavan RL SO(G) Group II(1) Photo.Asst. Smt.D'Silva Regina MC Sh. Sheikh Ali Karim Gr. II Sh. Fadte SR Sh. Manoj P Kum.Shahapurkar Meena Fitter Sh. Fernandes Agnello Sh. Fernandes Peter P Staff Car Driver Sh.Tharawal RS Sh. Morajkar Nishakant V Engine Driver Sh. Braganza Joaquim D SO(F&A) Sh. Kurle PR Sh. Phadte Namdev J Sh. Krishna Kumar M Sh. Bhaskar Kumar Ravi Mason Group I(4) Sh. Gawas Mohammad SO (S&P) Book Binder Machine Operator Sh. Mascarenhas Johny Sh. Sirvoikar Chandrakant Sh. Rao Siva PV (deceased on 4.1.10) 105 Hindi Officer Security Asst. Sh. Sharma Rakesh Sh. James P PS Asst. Halwai Kum.Cardoz Milagrina Sh. Tervankar Rama B Sh. Sasidharan V Peon (Higher Gr.) Smt.Radhakrishna K Sh. Simon TP Sh. Pereira Peter Asst. (G) Gr.I Record Keeper Sh. Ghanti Simanta Sh. Gad Surya V Smt.D'Souza Anna J Asst. Manager Smt.Fernandes M Francisca Sh. Toraskar DT Sh. Kurtarkar Ratnakar S Smt.Lobo Pia Gracinda Bearer (ACP) Sh. Sivadasan K Sh. Kharde Ramesh T Sh. Vernekar RG (retired on 31.12.09) Sh. Coelho Reginaldo Sh. Sirvoikar Onu Sh. Fernandes Cirilo Smt.D'Mello Vilma Sh. Dias Ghanashyam Smt.Rego Sacramenta M Peon (ACP) Sh. Narvekar Dileep K Sh. Verenkar Madan J Sh. Gaunco Nanu Smt.D'Costa Edith Sh. Gonsalves Joseph Smt.Mochemadkar Mamta M Sh. Gauns Nani Smt.Kala KB Sh. Martins Daku (retired on 31.01.10) Sh. Pereira Edward Sh. Gauns Digambar Sh. Cota Caitaninho Tea Maker (ACP) Sh. Rakesh Kumar Sh. Rao Rama D Kum. Fernandes Terezinha Sh. Gupta Dhanilal P Smt.Fernandes Liberate E Sh. Kannan PV Smt.Kelkar Kanti S Tea/Coffee Maker (ACP) Asst. (F&A) Gr.I Sh. Tuyekar Gopal N Sh. Murthy VS Sh. Naik Umesh B Wash Boy Sh. Vijayakumar G Sh. Nayaka Ramesh Smt.Priolkar Alka Kitchen Clerk Smt.Fernandes Ita ML Smt.Mary PK Asst. (S&P) Gr.I Safaiwala Sh. Terdalkar Surendra G Sh. Mujawar YAR Sh. Naik Mahadev H Smt.Peshwe Melita Sh. Satelkar Sabaji Sh. Sukumaran A Admn.(Gr.D) Sh. Maijikar Harish Smt.Fernandes Carmina Farash Sh. Gauns Keshav Sr. Steno (ACP) Smt.D'Souza Lucinda V Peon (ACP) Sh. Nair PB Sh. Shirodkar Govind Sh. Bhinge RS Peon Smt.Veliath Linda Sh. Hamza KH Sr. Steno Store Bearer Smt.Fernandes Maria Gorette Sh. Nair Rajagopalan K Sh. Kuttikar Mahadev Smt.Vaz Sheila Wash Boy Smt.Sudhakar Alison Sh. Appala Raju K Short-forms Smt.Subramanian Geeta Sh. Estrocio Francis Smt.Korde Vanamala P Smt.Cardozo Cleta Watchman AO - Administrative Officer Smt.Martins Fatima Sh. Gawas Pundalik ACP - Assured Career Promotion Sh. Nair Sanelkumaran Kum.Alphonso Felecidade Asst. - Assistant Sh. Patil Rajaram Sh. Singh Omkar R CoFA - Controller of Finance & Accounts Smt.Shettigar Sunita Safaiwala Exe. - Executive Hindi Translator (Jr.) Smt.Begh Subhadra Engg - Engineer Smt.Goverdhan Leena Kumari Smt.Sirvoikar Minaxi F&A - Finance and Accounts Sh. Gauns Budo JLA - Junior Laboratory Assistant Asst. (S&P) Gr.II Sh. Viegas Caitan Jr. Steno. - Junior Stenographer Sh. Lopes Craveiro Sh. Khade Ramesh M Sh. Hasanwale Ashraf (deceased on Smt.Ghanki Shanti JTA - Junior Technical Assistant 5.11.09) Smt.Martins Noli D KPO - Key Punch Operator Sh. Lamani TG Sh. Gauns Mukund Photo. Asst. - Photographic Assistant Smt.D'Mello Rosaria E Smt.Surlekar Sumitra S PS - Private Secretary Sh. Pereira Santosh R Smt.Mulgaonkar Sangita C Sc. - Scientist Asst. (F&A) Smt.Naik Vijayshree G SLA - Senior Laboratory Assistant Smt.Pandirkar Shravani S Smt.Menama Raja Deven SO - Section Officer Sh. Sawant Meghanath L S&P- Stores and Purchase Asst. (G) Gr.III Smt.Gaunco Caveri V SPO – Stores and Purchase Officer Sh. Mochemadkar Nitin S Jr. Security Guard Sr. Steno. – Senior Stenographer Receptionist Sh. Vijayan R STA – Senior Technical Assistant Smt.Almeida Shanti E Sh. Das Ram Khilavan Supt.– Superintending TO - Technical Officer 106 ADVISORY COUNCILS Research Council Chairman Dr. V.P. Dimri Dr. Shailesh Nayak Director Secretary National Geophysical Research Ministry of Earth Science Institute Govt. of India Uppal Road Mahasagar Bhavan, Block 12 Hyderabad - 500 007 CGO Complex, Lodhi Road New Delhi - 110 003 Dr. Naresh Kumar Head Members R & D and Planning Division Prof. J. Srinivasan CSIR, Rafi Marg Chairman New Delhi – 110 001 Centre for Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences Dr. S.R. Shetye Indian Institute of Science Director Bangalore – 560 012 National Institute of Oceanography Dona Paula, Goa – 403 004 Dr. Malay Mahadevia CEO Secretary Gujarat Adani Port Ltd Dr. M. Shyam Prasad Adani House, Navrangpura Scientist Ahmedabad - 380 009 National Institute of Oceanography Dona Paula, Goa – 403 004 Prof. G.C. Mishra Director National Centre for Cell Science Management Council NCCS Complex, Ganeshkhind Chairman Pune - 411 007 Dr. S.R. Shetye Dr. S. Kathiroli Director Director National Institute of Ocean Technology Members Velacherry - Tambaran Main Road Dr. T. Chakraborty Narayanapuram Sci `G', NEERI, Nagpur Chennai - 601 302 Shri G.C. Bhattacharya Dr. R.P. Bajpai Sci. `G', NIO Vice Chancellor (superannuated since 30.6.09) Guru Jambheshwar University of Science and Technology Dr. M.D. Rajagopal Hisar - 125 001 Sci. `G', NIO (superannuated since 31.5.09) Dr. D.M. Kale Executive Director, R&D Dr. P.S. Rao Oil and Natural Gas Corporation Sci. `G', NIO Chief Engineer Centre 5th to 15th Floor, South Tower Dr. V.V. Sanil Kumar Scope Minar, Lakshmi Nagar Sci. `E-II', NIO Delhi - 110 092 Dr. (Mrs.) Siby Kurian Dr. P.K. Biswas Sci. `C', NIO Consultant Recruitment and Assessment Board Mrs. Maria Ana Desa (RAB) TO `C', NIO CSIR Complex, Library Avenue Pusa, New Delhi – 110 012 Shri Ch. G.K. Murthy CoFA, NIO Member-Secretary Shri O. Omman Panicker COA, NIO 107