Uncovering a Social Movement in the Soviet Union

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

Uncovering a Social Movement in the Soviet Union Under the Permafrost: Uncovering a Social Movement in the Soviet Union Thesis Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Master of Arts in the Graduate School of the Ohio State University By Sarah Jessica Jones, B.A. Graduate Program in Slavic and East European Studies The Ohio State University 2013 Thesis Committee: Dr. David Hoffmann, Advisor Dr. Nicholas Breyfogle Copyright by Sarah Jessica Jones 2013 Abstract Despite the wealth of information on the advent of environmentalism on the Soviet Union less is known about the social aspect of its development. This thesis examines the social aspect of environmentalism through a look at public responses to massive degradation. The instances of intense ecological ruin presented significant public health problems for surrounding communities and this study views these sources as a catalyst for social activism outside of the political spectrum. Perestroika and Chernobyl were two of the important politically charged factors that gave the environmental movement the lift it needed to function. Official organizations working under the direction of intellectuals and academics worked as a moderator between society and the government. The social movement which grew out of dissatisfaction with governmental management of the environment is a unique social activism that developed outside the scope of traditional Soviet civil society. The trilateral separation between the public engagement with environmental protection, the official organizations’ role in advocating for the environment, and the government’s response to protecting the environment left a legacy that continues to affect environmentalism under the Russian Federation. ii Dedication Dedicated to everyone who, through steps big or small, is working to save our planet and our future. iii Acknowledgments I first and foremost, want to thank my parents, Paul and Jolianne, for their persistence in backing my ideas and goals, without them I would not have gotten this far, and thanks to my friend Brittany for being a sounding board throughout the course of my research. My sincerest appreciation to the Guglielmi family for being a constant source of moral support. Thank you to the Ohio State University, the Center for Slavic and East European Studies, and the Thompson Library for granting me access to research materials and anything I needed to further my research. Thanks to Jordan for a listening ear and valuable feedback and Alex for helping to translate what I found untranslatable. Thank you to Dr. Nicholas Breyfogle whose invaluable input gave shape to my ideas. Last but most definitely not least, I want to thank Dr. David Hoffmann for his constant support, encouragement and edits that gave my paper cohesiveness. iv Vita May 2006………………………………..Grandview High school June 2010…………………………………B.A., International Relations, University of Denver Fields of Study Major Field: Slavic and East European Studies v Table of Contents Abstract ............................................................................................................................... ii Dedication .......................................................................................................................... iii Acknowledgments.............................................................................................................. iv Vita ...................................................................................................................................... v Chapter 1: Introduction ...................................................................................................... 1 Chapter 2: Sifting Through the Layers ............................................................................... 6 Chapter 3: The Incident .................................................................................................... 15 Chapter4: Exposing Eco-Glasnost .................................................................................... 31 Chapter 5: Conclusion....................................................................................................... 47 References ......................................................................................................................... 50 vi Chapter 1: Introduction In the summer of 2009, Vladimir Putin took a miniature submarine ride to the bottom of Lake Baikal, and when he resurfaced, declared the lake to be “in good condition”; he then gave the go ahead for the Baikalsk Pulp and Paper Mill to reopen.1 Lake Baikal is important to both Russia and the world because it holds one fifth of the world’s fresh water; and before the paper mill opened in 1966, there was a maelstrom of opposition from Soviet ecologists and scientists. Between 1958 and 1962, the Soviet Press was inundated with articles and letters opposing the building of a mill combine because of the chemicals it would release into the water, and the construction would require leveling the taiga surrounding the lake. 2 It took forty-two years of remonstration from environmental activists and the scientific community to close that mill, but a single year to reopen it. The struggle over the mill is based on the surrounding communities’ need for the jobs and its central heating system it provides; the mayor of Baikalsk stated that, after the 1 Moskvitch, Katia. "UN May Strike Baikal off World Heritage List." BBC News. BBC, 23 July 2010. Web. 11 Feb. 2013. 2 Komarov, Boris. The Destruction of Nature in the Soviet Union. White Plains, NY: M.E. Sharpe, 1980. Print. (4) 1 mill closed “the working rhythm that existed for the past 40 years was gone. People had no money, and this resulted in strikes, protest actions, a threat to block roads and the Trans-Siberian railway.” 3 Baikal Environmental Wave, an organization that specializes in spreading information and research pertaining to environmental degradation in Siberia, has been working since 1992 to shut down the paper mill. The group is fighting against the Baikal townspeople, owners of the mill, Putin, and all those who consider the impoverished condition of the town more important than ecological degradation. This is just one example of the legacy the Soviet Union left to the Russian social environmental movement. Environmental activists have to struggle against the forces of industrialization that continue to drive the Russian economy; they also have to combat the corruption that undermines all sectors of society, and the lack of true information percolating through the population. This thesis intends to explore that legacy through analyzing the foundations of the social environmental movement, which can be traced back to the mid-1980s. The coincidental intersection of two major events served as a catalyst in the rise of a grassroots response to the state of the environment, the Soviet government's policy of Glasnost, and the disaster at the Chernobyl nuclear power plant. Underneath these much discussed and analyzed developments at the end of the Soviet Union is the permeation of information, and the ability to independently organize and express controversial ideas, and the loss of trust and confusion that followed. This affected the way people talked about their environment, and multiplied and strengthened 3 Moskvitch, Katia. "UN May Strike Baikal off World Heritage List." BBC News. BBC, 23 July 2010. Web. 11 Feb. 2013. 2 the voices against further destruction, and at once created the opportunity to legitimize opposition to the government’s handling of environmental concerns. To exhume the development of a social activist movement in Russia is an extremely delicate process, which requires a broader understanding of the terms “social movement and social organization.” The existence of local organizations that existed for the promotion of the local popular concerns was first made possible by Nikita Khrushchev, under the Soviet term “informal organizations and movements” and was expanded under Mikhail Gorbachev.4 These organizations were almost identical to urban Komsomols and had little real influence on the Party or in the creation of policy and the public did not seriously engage in them. The true social organizations developed organically, from the people creating their own public space to voice concerns rather than using a soapbox provided by the State. The building of these independent organizations can be considered activism, and when done collectively by several groups around the State, a movement. This thesis will explore the pockets of environmental awareness that developed through the gradual spread of information to the public or where the extreme degradation of the environment affected local populations’ health and daily lives. These populations in Chelyabinsk, around the Aral Sea, and in the chernozem regions of the southern USSR were exposed to the disastrous effects of environmental degradation and where awareness grew, a response ignited. This response took shape through media and journalist 4 Jancar-Webster, Barbara. Environmental Action in Eastern Europe: Responses to Crisis. Armonk, NY: M.E. Sharpe, 1993. Print, 177 3 disclosure, and the creation of organizations with locally elected representation to defend resident interests. The second portion will examine the Chernobyl incident and present it as a focus point for the unique shape of the Soviet-Russian environmental movement through the fall of the USSR. The incident solidified the Russian population’s distrust in the political system, and prevented them from unifying
Recommended publications
  • Experimental Study of Municipal Solid Waste (Msw) Landfills and Non- Authorized Waste Damps Impact on the Environment
    Linnaeus ECO-TECH ´10 Kalmar, Sweden, November 22-24, 2010 EXPERIMENTAL STUDY OF MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE (MSW) LANDFILLS AND NON- AUTHORIZED WASTE DAMPS IMPACT ON THE ENVIRONMENT Veronica Tarbaeva Dmitry Delarov Committee on Natural Resources of Leningrad region, Russia ABSTRACT A purpose was an analysis of waste disposal sites existing in the Leningrad region and a choice of facilities potentially suitable for the removal and utilization of greenhouse- and other gases. In order to achieve the purpose in view, data were collected on the arrangement of non-authorized landfills and waste dumps within the Leningrad region. The preliminary visual evaluation and instrumental monitoring were carried out for 10 facilities. The evaluation of greenhouse- and other gas emissions into the atmosphere as well as of ground water pollution near places of waste disposal was performed. A databank was created for waste disposal sites where it could be possible to organize the work on removing and utilizing of greenhouse gas. The conducted examination stated that landfills exert negative influence on the environment in the form of emissions into the atmosphere and impurities penetrating underground and surface water. A volume of greenhouse gas emissions calculated in units of СО2 – equivalent from different projects fluctuates from 63.8 to 8091.4 t in units of СО2 – equivalent. Maximum summarized emissions of greenhouse gases in units of СО2 – equivalent were stated for MSW landfills of the towns of Kirishi, Novaya Ladoga and Slantsy, as well as for MSW landfills near Lepsari residential settlement and the town of Vyborg. KEYWORDS Non-authorized waste dumps, MSW landfills, greenhouse gases, atmospheric air pollution, instrumental monitoring.
    [Show full text]
  • Kyzylorda Oblast, Kazakhstan Challenges
    for Kyzylorda Oblast Youth Health Center Oblast Youth for Kyzylorda © Umirbai Tumenbayev, official photographer © Umirbai Tumenbayev, The Kyzylorda Oblast Medical Center, Kyzylorda Oblast, Kazakhstan Kyzylorda City General overview Kyzylorda Oblast (region) is situated along the summer, precipitation generally evaporates, and Syrdariya River in the south-western part of the it is only in winter that the soil receives moisture. Republic of Kazakhstan in central Eurasia. The There are many days with strong wind, and dust region covers an area of 226 000 km2 with a storms can occur in summer. The remaining part distance of 1000 km between its northernmost of the shrinking Aral Sea – the Small Aral Sea – is and southernmost borders (1). Comprising seven located in the southern part of the region. The districts and the capital city – also called Kyzylorda Aral Sea has been described as “one of the worst – the region is more than 190 years old, one of environmental disasters of the world”(2). The the oldest in the country. It borders on Aktobe salinity of the remaining water exceeds 100 g/l. Oblast in the north-west, Karaganda Oblast in In 2008, a project to construct a seawall made the north, South Kazakhstani Oblast in the south- it possible to increase the water level slowly in east, and the Republic of Uzbekistan in the south. the northern part of the Aral. Currently, the level It has a wide range of mineral resources, the of salinity is decreasing, which has resulted in most important being hydrocarbons, non-ferrous the appearance of some species of fish.
    [Show full text]
  • The Aral Sea
    The Aral Sea edited by David L. Alles Western Washington University e-mail: [email protected] Last Updated 2011-11-4 Note: In PDF format most of the images in this web paper can be enlarged for greater detail. 1 Introduction The Aral Sea was once the world's fourth largest lake, slightly bigger than Lake Huron, and one of the world's most fertile regions. Today it is little more than a string of lakes scattered across central Asia east of the Caspian Sea. The sea disappeared for several reasons. One is that the Aral Sea is surrounded by the Central Asian deserts, whose heat evaporates 60 square kilometers (23 sq. miles) of water from its surface every year. Second is four decades of agricultural development and mismanagement along the Syr Darya and Amu Darya rivers that have drastically reduced the amount of fresh water flowing into the sea. The two rivers were diverted starting in the 1960s in a Soviet scheme to grow cotton in the desert. Cotton still provides a major portion of foreign currency for many of the countries along the Syr Darya and Amu Darya rivers. By 2003, the Aral Sea had lost approximately 75% of its area and 90% of its pre- 1960 volume. Between 1960 and January 2005, the level of the northern Aral Sea fell by 13 meters (~ 43 ft) and the larger southern portion of the sea by 23 meters (75.5 ft) which means that water can now only flow from the north basin to the south (Roll, et al., 2006).
    [Show full text]
  • General Assembly Distr.: General 27 September 2019
    United Nations A/74/461 General Assembly Distr.: General 27 September 2019 Original: English . Seventy-fourth session Agenda item 71 (d) Strengthening of the coordination of humanitarian and disaster relief assistance of the United Nations, including special economic assistance: strengthening of international cooperation and coordination of efforts to study, mitigate and minimize the consequences of the Chernobyl disaster Persistent legacy of the Chernobyl disaster Report of the Secretary-General Summary The present report is submitted in accordance with General Assembly resolution 71/125 on the persistent legacy of the Chernobyl disaster and provides an update on the progress made in the implementation of all aspects of the resolution. The report provides an overview of the recovery and development activities undertaken by the agencies, funds and programmes of the United Nations system and other international actors to address the consequences of the Chernobyl disaster. The United Nations system remains committed to promoting the principle of leaving no one behind and ensuring that the governmental efforts to support the affected regions are aimed at achieving the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development and the Sustainable Development Goals. 19-16688 (E) 041019 151019 *1916688* A/74/461 I. General situation 1. Since the Chernobyl nuclear plant accident on 26 April 1986, the United Nations, along with the Governments of Belarus, the Russian Federation and Ukraine, has been leading the recovery and development efforts to support the affected regions. While extensive humanitarian work was conducted immediately after the accident, additional recovery and rehabilitation activities were conducted in the following years to secure the area, limit the exposure of the population, provide medical follow-up to those affected and study the health consequences of the incident.
    [Show full text]
  • Oberhänsli, H., Boroffka, N., Sorrel, P., Krivonogov, S. (2007)
    Originally published as: Oberhänsli, H., Boroffka, N., Sorrel, P., Krivonogov, S. (2007): Climate variability during the past 2,000 years and past economic and irrigation activities in the Aral Sea basin. - Irrigation and Drainage Systems, 21, 3-4, 167-183 DOI: 10.1007/s10795-007-9031-5. Irrigation and Drainage Systems, 21, 3-4, 167-183, 10.1007/s10795-007-9031-5 1 Climate variability during the past 2000 years and past economic and irrigation 2 activities in the Aral Sea basin 3 4 Hedi Oberhänsli1, Nikolaus Boroffka2, Philippe Sorrel3, Sergey Krivonogov,4 5 6 1) GeoForschungsZentrum, Telegraphenberg, D-14473 Potsdam, Germany. 7 2) Deutsches Archäologisches Institut, Im Dol 2-6, D-14195 Berlin, Germany. 8 3) Laboratoire "Morphodynamique Continentale et Côtière" (UMR 6143 CNRS), 9 Université de Caen Basse-Normandie, 24 rue des Tilleuls, F-14000 CAEN, France. 10 4) United Institute of Geoloy, Geophysics and Mineralogy of the Russian Academy of 11 Sciences, Siberian Division, Novosibirsk regional Center of Geoinformational 12 Technologies, Academic Koptyug prospekt 3, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia. 13 14 Abstract 15 The lake level history, here based on the relative abundance of Ca (gypsum), is used for 16 tracing past hydrological conditions in Central Asia. Lake level was close to a minimum 17 before approximately AD 300, at about AD 600, AD 1220 and AD 1400. Since 1960 the 18 lake level is lowering again. Lake water level was lowest during the 14th or early 15th 19 centuries as indicated by a coeval settlement, which today is still under water near the 20 well-dated mausoleum of Kerderi.
    [Show full text]
  • Bfd3bbcbd97066fa41086d0bc3b
    [email protected] www.po-mayak.ru FSUE “Mayak” PA 3 4 FSUE “Mayak” PA www.po-mayak.ru [email protected] Federal State Unitary Enterprise «Mayak» Production Association is the first Russian nuclear industrial site. Present-day PA «Mayak» is an up- to-date and dynamically developing enterprise of the State Atomic Energy Corporation «Rosatom». «Mayak» PA is the leading Russian and one of the biggest world manufacturers of sealed radionuclide sources. The product mix offered today by «Mayak» PA to domestic and foreign customers, includes more than 200 codes of alpha-, beta-, gamma- and neutron sources with various dimensional and radiation specifications, and with reactor isotopes Cobalt-60, Iridium-192, fission isotopes Caesium-137, Americium-241, Plutonium-239, Promethium-147, Strontium-90, etc., as their active material, as well as bulk isotopes with Carbon-14 and Helium-3 gas among them. Ionising sources are widely used for various scientific and technical applications such as radiation processing equipment, oil-well logging, industrial NDT instruments, gamma-radiography, various process control and measurement instruments and other gauges, and also in medicine. At present, acting under the Federal Law dated 11.07.2011, No. 190- FZ, «Mayak» PA accepts for long-term storage and re-processing the disused ionising sources operated in Russia and made both by «Mayak» PA and other manufacturers and Mayak’s origin sources operated outside Russia. At present «Mayak» PA has become an independent player in the market of re-sourcing of radiation facilities and machines. «Mayak» PA offers «from cradle to grave» service package that covers the entire life-cycle of the sources from their manufacture to disposal and allows working directly with organisations operating Mayak’s origin sources.
    [Show full text]
  • The Ukrainian Weekly 1990
    ublished by the Ukrainian National Association inc., a fraternal non-profit association rainian Weekly vol. LVIII No. 12 THE UKRAINIAN WEEKLY SUNDAY, MARCH 25,1990 50 cents 1 million in Ukraine Democratic Bloc scores impressive victories in run-offs suffer in aftermath of Chernobyl by Dr. David Mar pies in mid-February, the Supreme Soviet of the Ukrainian SSR held an impor– tant meeting on the ecological situation in Ukraine. That the focus of this meeting was largely devoted to the effects of Chornobyl was hardly sur– prising given some of the recent revela– tions about the long-term effects of that disaster. Also, it followed closely upon the publication of a "Complex Program for the Liquidation of the Consequences of the Accident of Chornobyl Nuclear Power Plant in the Ukrainian SSR"one week earlier. At the Supreme Soviet meeting, there were comments from both the propo– nents of nuclear power and the op– ponents, with the latter constituting a clear majority. While much bitterness was exhibited, along with calls for retribution against certain individuals, there were at the same time several positive suggestions that reflected a Flags of various nationalities wave at pre-election rally in Kiev, more open debate on this topic. Preliminary results further impressive victories in the Ukrainian Helsinki Union and other The tone of the Supreme Soviet Sunday, March 18, run-off elections, independent groups) are reported to meeting was set by a remarkably candid give 25 percent to DB reported Radio Liberty's Ukrainian have won 15 out of the 21 contested speech by Yuriy Spizhenko, the Ukrai– in Ukrainian Parliament desk on Monday, March 19.
    [Show full text]
  • Television and Politics in the Soviet Union by Ellen Mickiewicz TELEVISION and AMERICA's CHILDREN a Crisis of Neglect by Edward L
    SPLIT SIGNALS COMMUNICATION AND SOCIETY edited by George Gerbner and Marsha Seifert IMAGE ETHICS The Moral Rights of Subjects in Photographs, Film, and Television Edited by Larry Gross, John Stuart Katz, and Jay Ruby CENSORSHIP The Knot That Binds Power and Knowledge By Sue Curry Jansen SPLIT SIGNALS Television and Politics in the Soviet Union By Ellen Mickiewicz TELEVISION AND AMERICA'S CHILDREN A Crisis of Neglect By Edward L. Palmer SPLIT SIGNALS Television and Politics in the Soviet Union ELLEN MICKIEWICZ New York Oxford OXFORD UNIVERSITY PRESS 1988 Oxford University Press Oxford New York Toronto Delhi Bombay Calcutta Madras Karachi Petaling Jaya Singapore Hong Kong Tokyo Nairobi Dar es Salaam Cape Town Melbourne Auckland and associated companies in Berlin Ibadan Copyright © 1988 by Oxford University Press, Inc. Published by Oxford University Press, Inc., 200 Madison Avenue, New York, New York 10016 Oxford is a registered trademark of Oxford University Press All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without prior permission of Oxford University Press. Mickiewicz, Ellen Propper. Split signals : television and politics in the Soviet Union / Ellen Mickiewicz. p. cm. Includes index. ISBN 0-19-505463-6 1. Television broadcasting of news—Soviet Union. 2. Television broadcasting—Social aspects—Soviet Union. 3. Television broadcasting—Political aspects—Soviet Union. 4. Soviet Union— Politics and government—1982- I. Title. PN5277.T4M53 1988 302.2'345'0947—dc!9 88-4200 CIP 1098 7654321 Printed in the United States of America on acid-free paper Preface In television terminology, broadcast signals are split when they are divided and sent to two or more locations simultaneously.
    [Show full text]
  • Chernobyl Template.Qxd 16/09/2019 11:08 Page 39
    9Chernobyl_Template.qxd 16/09/2019 11:08 Page 39 39 Chernobyl On 3 February 1987, during a lecture trip to Japan, I was invited to meet five members of the Japan Atomic Industrial Forum Inc. Zhores Medvedev They wanted to discuss my book, Nuclear Disaster in the Urals, which described the consequences of the Kyshtym disaster, an On 8 August 2019, a explosion at a nuclear waste site in the deadly nuclear explosion Soviet Union in 1957. took place in northern The book, published in New York in 1979 Russia in the vicinity of and translated into Japanese in 1982, was the Nenoksa weapons then still the only published description of testing range. At least five this accident. The Kyshtym disaster was not people are said to have yet included in a list of nuclear accidents died. Subsequently, a prepared by the International Atomic Russian state weather Energy Agency (IAEA). Top of this list, agency confirmed release recorded at a top­of­the­scale 7 in severity, into the atmosphere of was Chernobyl, Three Mile Island was strontium, barium and scale 5, and the fire at Windscale in other radioactive isotopes, England, in 1957, was scale 3. (The indicating that a nuclear International Nuclear Event Scale was reactor was involved in revised several times, subsequently, and the the explosion. fire at Windscale is now reckoned to be Zhores Medvedev died scale 5.) in 2018, before this recent In 1987, I had already started to study the explosion. Back in 2011, available information on Chernobyl he charted a trail of because I was not satisfied with the Soviet nuclear disasters from Report to the IAEA, which blamed mainly Kyshtym in the the power station personnel for gross Cheliabinsk region of operational errors.
    [Show full text]
  • History of Radiation and Nuclear Disasters in the Former USSR
    History of radiation and nuclear disasters in the former USSR M.V.Malko Institute of Power Engineering National Academy of Sciences of Belarus Akademicheskaya Str.15, Minsk, 220 000, Republic of Belarus E-mail: [email protected] Abstracts. The report describes the history of radiation and nuclear accidents in the former USSR. These accidents accompanied development of military and civilian use of nuclear energy. Some of them as testing of the first Soviet nuclear, Kyshtym radiation accident, radiation contamination of the Karachai lake and the Techa river, nuclear accidents at the Soviet submarine on August 10, 1985 in the Chazhma Bay (near Vladivostok) as well as nuclear accidents on April 26, 1986 at the Chernobyl NPP were of large scale causing significant radiological problems for many hundreds thousands of people. There were a number of important reasons of these and other accidents. The most important among them were time pressure by development of nuclear weapon, an absence of required financial and material means for adequate management of problems of nuclear and radiation safety, and inadequate understanding of harmful interaction of ionizing radiation on organism as well as a hypersecrecy by realization of projects of military and civilian use of nuclear energy in the former USSR. Introduction. The first nuclear reactor in the USSR reached the critical state on the 25 December 1946 [1] or 4 years later than reactor constructed by Enrico Fermi [2]. The first Soviet reactor was developed at the Laboratory N2 in Moscow (later I.V.Kurchatov Institute of Atomic Energy). This was a very important step in a realization of the Soviet military atomic program that began in September 1942.
    [Show full text]
  • (Ott. 1998) 479-500. Imbedding Theorems of Sobolev
    Bollettino UMI s. VIII, v. 1-B, n.3 (ott. 1998) 479-500. Imbedding theorems of Sobolev spaces into Lorentz spaces Luc TARTAR CARNEGIE-MELLON University, Pittsburgh 15213, U.S.A. Dedicated to Jacques-Louis LIONS When I was a student at Ecole Polytechnique, which was still in Paris on the “Montagne Sainte Genevi`eve” at the time (1965 to 1967), I had the chance of having two great teachers in Mathematics, Laurent SCHWARTZ and Jacques-Louis LIONS. Apart from a lecture on Calculus of Variations that he taught in place of Laurent SCHWARTZ, Jacques-Louis LIONS taught the Numerical Analysis course, which then meant mostly classical algorithms; partial differential equations only occured in one dimension, and were treated by finite difference schemes, and it was only in a seminar for interested students that I first heard about Sobolev spaces. Later, I heard Jacques-Louis LIONS teach about various technical properties of Sobolev spaces, but although he often used Sobolev imbedding theorem, I do not remember hearing him give a proof. I had read the original proof of SOBOLEV [So], which I had first seen mentioned in Laurent SCHWARTZ’s book on distributions [Sc], and the proof that Jacques-Louis LIONS had taught in Montr´eal[Li], based on the ideas of Emilio GAGLIARDO [Ga]. While I was working for my thesis under the guidance of Jacques-Louis LIONS, I had the pleasure of being invited a few times in a restaurant near the “Halles aux Vins” (the term “Jussieu” was not yet in use). These dinners usually followed talks by famous mathematicians at the seminar which Jacques-Louis LIONS and Laurent SCHWARTZ were organizing every Friday at the Institut Henri POINCARE´ (abbreviated as IHP).
    [Show full text]
  • Argus Nefte Transport
    Argus Nefte Transport Oil transportation logistics in the former Soviet Union Volume XVI, 5, May 2017 Primorsk loads first 100,000t diesel cargo Russia’s main outlet for 10ppm diesel exports, the Baltic port of Primorsk, shipped a 100,000t cargo for the first time this month. The diesel was loaded on 4 May on the 113,300t Dong-A Thetis, owned by the South Korean shipping company Dong-A Tanker. The 100,000t cargo of Rosneft product was sold to trading company Vitol for delivery to the Amsterdam-Rotter- dam-Antwerp region, a market participant says. The Dong-A Thetis was loaded at Russian pipeline crude exports berth 3 or 4 — which can handle crude and diesel following a recent upgrade, and mn b/d can accommodate 90,000-150,000t vessels with 15.5m draught. 6.0 Transit crude Russian crude It remains unclear whether larger loadings at Primorsk will become a regular 5.0 occurrence. “Smaller 50,000-60,000t cargoes are more popular and the terminal 4.0 does not always have the opportunity to stockpile larger quantities of diesel for 3.0 export,” a source familiar with operations at the outlet says. But the loading is significant considering the planned 10mn t/yr capacity 2.0 addition to the 15mn t/yr Sever diesel pipeline by 2018. Expansion to 25mn t/yr 1.0 will enable Transneft to divert more diesel to its pipeline system from ports in 0.0 Apr Jul Oct Jan Apr the Baltic states, in particular from the pipeline to the Latvian port of Ventspils.
    [Show full text]