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Upper Aptian-Lower Albian Mural Formation: Stratigraphy, Biostratigraphy and Depositional Cycles on the Sonoran Shelf, Northern Me´Xico

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Upper Aptian-Lower Albian Mural Formation: Stratigraphy, Biostratigraphy and Depositional Cycles on the Sonoran Shelf, Northern Me´Xico Cretaceous Research 29 (2008) 249e266 www.elsevier.com/locate/CretRes Upper Aptian-Lower Albian Mural Formation: stratigraphy, biostratigraphy and depositional cycles on the Sonoran shelf, northern Me´xico Carlos M. Gonza´lez-Leo´n a,*, R.W. Scott b, Hannes Lo¨ser a, Timothy F. Lawton c, Emmanuel Robert d, Victor A. Valencia e a ERNO, Instituto de Geologı´a, Universidad Nacional Auto´noma de Me´xico, Apartado Postal 1039, Hermosillo, Sonora, Me´xico 83000 b Precision Stratigraphy Associates and Tulsa University, RR3 Box 103-3, Cleveland OK 74020, USA c Department of Geological Sciences, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, NM 88003, USA d Observatoire des Sciences de l’Univers de Grenoble (OSUG), Universite´ Joseph Fourier, Institut Dolomieu, 15 rue Maurice Gignoux, F-38031 Grenoble, cedex, France e Department of Geosciences, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA Received 3 April 2007; accepted in revised form 16 May 2007 Available online 27 June 2007 Abstract The Upper Aptian-Lower Albian Mural Formation of the Bisbee Group in northern Sonora consists of eight members, in ascending order the Fronteras, Rancho Bufalo, Cerro La Ceja, Tuape Shale, Los Coyotes, Cerro La Puerta Shale, Cerro La Espina and Mesa Quemada. These mem- bers represent shallow marine facies of a major marine transgressive-regressive event that reached the Bisbee basin, except for the Rancho Bu- falo Member which is a tongue of the fluvial Morita Formation that underlies the Mural Formation. The facies, succession and regional correlation of its members indicate that deposition of the Mural Formation occurred in northern Sonora on a broad carbonate shelf, the Sonoran shelf, where depositional environments varied from restricted shelf with local terrigenous deltaic and fluvial influence to open shelf with coral- rudist buildups, to offshore shelf. Facies of the Mural deepen across eastern Sonora into the Chihuahua trough and the formation pinches out northwestward in Sonora. The Sonoran shelf was flooded by three long-term depositional cycles of approximately 2.5 myr duration. The first cycle deposited the Fronteras and Rancho Bufalo members and is older than 115.5 Ma, about 118 Ma. The marginal to shallow marine deposits of the Fronteras Members disconformably overlie fluvial strata of the Morita Formation and are sharply overlain by fluvial deposits of the Ran- cho Bufalo Member. The second cycle deposited the Cerro La Ceja, Tuape Shale and Los Coyotes members and probably embraces the Aptian/ Albian boundary; the Cerro La Ceja Member disconformably overlies the Rancho Bufalo Member and Morita Formation in northeastern Sonora but gradationally overlies the Morita in the sections of north-central Sonora. The third cycle deposited the Cerro la Puerta Shale, Cerro la Espina and Mesa Quemada members and is Early Albian in age. The Mesa Quemada Member is gradationally overlain by fluvial deposits of the Cintura Formation. Biostratigraphy is based on ammonites, bivalves, gastropods, benthic and planktic foraminifers, and colomiellids and two biozones are erected to correlate the measured sections. Ó 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. Keywords: Mural Formation; Sonoran Shelf; Aptian-Albian; Sonora; Me´xico 1. Introduction * Corresponding author. During the Late Jurassic, the Bisbee basin began to develop E-mail addresses: [email protected] (C.M. Gonza´lez-Leo´n), [email protected] (R.W. Scott), [email protected] (H. Lo¨ser), in southeastern Arizona, USA and northeastern Sonora (north- [email protected] (T.F. Lawton), [email protected] (E. west Mexico) as an extension of the northwest-trending Robert), [email protected] (V.A. Valencia). Chihuahua trough (Bilodeau, 1982; Dickinson et al., 1986) 0195-6671/$ - see front matter Ó 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. doi:10.1016/j.cretres.2007.06.001 250 C.M. Gonza´lez-Leo´n et al. / Cretaceous Research 29 (2008) 249e266 (Fig. 1). The Chihuahua and Bisbee basins were structural Ma (Rb/Sr) (Kluth et al., 1982; Asmerom et al., 1990), and basins controlled by a mechanism, either extensional (Bilodeau, at one locality in the Chiricahua Mountains (Fig. 1), conglom- 1982; Dickinson et al., 1989; Dickinson and Lawton, 2001)or eratic strata are overlain by fossiliferous marine strata and vol- transtensional (Haenggi, 2002; Anderson and Nourse, 2005; canic flows of the Crystal Cave Formation, which contains Haenggi and Muehlberger, 2005), that remains debated. The ammonites of Kimmeridgian age (Lawton and Olmstead, sedimentary fill of the Bisbee basin is the Upper Jurassic-Lower 1995; Olmstead and Young, 2000). In central Sonora the oldest Cretaceous Bisbee Group (Ransome, 1904), composed in as- unit that fills the Altar-Cucurpe basin is the Cucurpe Forma- cending order of the Glance Conglomerate and Morita, Mural tion (Fig. 1), a marine sedimentary succession with subordi- and Cintura Formations (Fig. 1). nate volcanic rocks and late Oxfordian to early Tithonian Coeval with formation of the Bisbee basin, the similar ammonites (Villasenor~ et al., 2005). The Glance Conglomerate Altar-Cucurpe basin (Lawton et al., 2003; or the Arivechi- is present on the northern flank of this basin near the Cananea Cucurpe seaway of Haenggi and Muehlberger, 2005) devel- high, where it underlies Lower Cretaceous red beds, and is oped in central Sonora (Lawton et al., 2004a,b; Mauel et al., correlated with the Altar Formation in the northwestern part 2005; Leggett et al., 2005; Peryam et al., 2005)(Fig. 1). In of the basin (Nourse, 2001) (Fig. 1). the Jurassic, the two basins were separated by the northwest- By Early Cretaceous time, a second marine transgression trending Cananea high, which lacks an Upper Jurassic section reached central Sonora to deposit the La Colgada Formation that is present to the north and south (McKee and Anderson, (Gonza´lez-Leo´n et al., 2001) which unconformably overlies 1998). the Cucurpe Formation. The La Colgada Formation is a shal- In southeastern Arizona, the fluvial Glance Conglomerate low marine, siliciclastic unit laterally equivalent to the Late contains interbedded volcanic flows that are dated at w151 Neocomian-Early Aptian Cerro de Oro Formation of the Cerro Fig. 1. Location map and line of correlation of the studied sections of the Mural Formation in Sonora, and other localities mentioned in the text. (1) Sierra El Chanate; (2) El Ocuca; (3) Cerros Pimas; (4) Santa Ana; (5) Santa Marta; (6) Tuape; (7) Sierra San Jose´; (8) Rancho Bufalo; (9) Cerro Caloso Cabullona; (10) Cerro El Caloso Pitaycachi; (11) Cerro de Oro; (12) Lampazos. Also shown is the lithostratigraphic succession of the Bisbee Group in the different regions of, and limits of, the Bisbee basin. C.M. Gonza´lez-Leo´n et al. / Cretaceous Research 29 (2008) 249e266 251 de Oro area (Gonza´lez-Leo´n, 1989; Gonza´lez-Leo´n and Lucas, Sierra San Jose´, Rancho Bufalo (Rancho Culantrillo area stud- 1995)(Fig. 1). The younger units of the Bisbee Group, the ied by Rosales-Domı´nguez et al., 1995), and Cerro El Caloso Morita, Mural and Cintura formations, are lithologically sim- Pitaycachi area (Fig. 1). ilar north and south of the Cananea high and are distributed On the southwestern margin of the Bisbee basin, in central from southeastern Arizona through northern Sonora (Fig. 1). Sonora, the Mural Formation crops out in several ranges, and The widespread distribution of these units indicates that by there we measured new sections in localities at Sierra El Cha- the Early Cretaceous time, the Bisbee basin had merged nate, El Ocuca, Cerro Pimas, Santa Ana and Santa Marta with the Altar-Cucurpe basin. The Morita and Cintura Forma- (Fig. 1). Previously, in the Tuape area (locality 6 in Fig. 1), tions are fluvial red beds whereas the Mural Formation con- Lawton et al. (2004a) divided the Mural Formation into five sists of carbonate and siliciclastic strata that were deposited members that include, from base up the Cerro La Ceja, Tuape in a shallow marine setting. The stratigraphic succession of Shale, Los Coyotes, Cerro La Puerta Shale, Cerro La Espina, these three units indicates an important transgressive- and Mesa Quemada members. These members can be corre- regressive event of the Mexican Sea into northwestern Mexico lated, allowing for minor facies changes through northern and southwestern USA. Sonora (Fig. 2) for which in the Sierra El Chanate Jacques- This study presents results and interpretations of a detailed Ayala (1989) named the Mural Formation as the Arroyo and regional stratigraphic and biostratigraphic analysis of the Sa´sabe Formation. In this work we also recognize two new Mural Formation in northern Sonora to contribute to under- members, the Fronteras and the Rancho Bufalo Members in stand its depositional history. Although the Bisbee Group the lower part of the Mural in the Rancho Bufalo section has been studied in several places, only two previous studies (Fig. 2); in the Cerro El Caloso Pitaycachi section (Fig. 2) of the Mural Formation have been reported. Warzeski (1983) we recognize the members proposed by Warzeski (1987). studied the upper part of the Mural in northeastern Sonora and Lawton et al. (2004a) studied it in central Sonora. In this study we measured several well exposed sections of the 2.1. Fronteras member Mural Formation in a 300 km-long transect that extends from its westernmost known exposure in the Sierra El Chanate The 134-m-thick Fronteras Member is the basal member of area, to one of the northeasternmost outcrops in the Cerro El the Mural Formation. This newly designated member is pres- Caloso Pitaycahi locality (Fig. 2). The sections were measured ent only at Rancho Bufalo (Fig. 2). It sharply overlies dark with a Jacob’s staff to determine their lithostratigraphy and reddish siltstone of the fluvial Morita Formation. At its base rock samples and fossils were collected for petrographic and is a 7 m-thick, upward-thinning and -shallowing carbonate cy- paleontologic analyses (Appendix 1 for locations of measured cle composed in its lower part of medium-bedded, oolitic sections; species-list available upon request).
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