Importance of Establishing IP & Technological Innovation Policy & Strategy in Universities & R&D Institution

Importance of Establishing IP & Technological Innovation Policy & Strategy in Universities & R&D Institutions

Mohamed Shariff Mohamed Din Advisor, Putra Science Park Universiti Putra Malaysia

 Universiti Putra Malaysia (since 1977)

 Doctor of Veterinary Medicine

Fish/shrimp doctor FAST TARGET™ WHITE SPOT VIRUS DETECTION KIT 2000 Sold in a few countries

AWARDS WON Mohamed Shariff

• Scientists  2006 -2010 • Inventor Director, Innovation and • Commer commercialisation Centre technology • Established  2010 – 2013 Commm. Centre > 7 yrs Director, Putra Science Park • Still fish Dr. General introduction to UPM UPM main campus

>12,000 hectares UPM FacultiesUPM Faculties

• Agriculture • Food Science & Tech. • Biotechnology & • Forestry Biomolecular Sciences • Human Ecology • Computer Science & Information Technology • Medicine & Health Sciences • Design & Architecture • Modern Languages & Communication • Economics & Manage. • Educational Studies • Science • Engineering • Veterinary Medicine Total : • Environmental Studies • Agri. & Food Sciences 16 83.8% Human Capital Academic Staffs with Professor 197 PhD Associate Professor 349 Senior 1611 2157 Lecturers/Lecturers Administrative Staff 918 Support Staff 3427

Total 6502 2014 Number of Students Level Local Inter- Total national Undergraduate 15, 495 696 16, 191 (60%)60% Postgraduate 7,369 3,412 10, 781 (40%)40% Total 22, 864 4,108 26, 972 As of April 2011 2014 Intellectual Property

Patents Granted 182 704 Patents Pending Industrial Design 104 281 Copyright

May 2014 Cumulative Patent 2012

•Australia •Morocco •Brazil •New Zealand •Canada •Philippines •China •Singapore •Egypt •South Africa •European •Sri Lanka •Hong Kong •Switzerland •India •Taiwan •Indonesia •Thailand 108 •Japan •UAE •Korea •United Kingdom Filed in •Libya •USA Foreign •Mexico •Vietnam countries CommercialisationCOMMERCIALIZATION

• Products commercialized 97 • Gross Sales > $16.5 million • Income (royalty, licenses fee, outright) = $2.9 millions 2015 Requirements for Innovation

Research that benefits the nation Commercialization: Moving to the global market Pakistan India Philippines South Africa Guam R&D Papua New necessary Guinea to make Thailand product Vietnam technologically Egypt competitive Turkey United Arab Republic Indonesia Bangladesh China Sudan Cameroon Nigeria Gross sales >US$7 Million USA Preparing Malaysia Today for Tomorrow Universal Thermo PCR Chip stabilised (Nanotech Dot EIA Immuno- chro nology) matography PCR (Require Scientific (No cold chain) EZ TYPHI carrier DNA cold chain) Discover TYPHIrapid™ y 50kDa 15 min 1986-1991 1998 2008 2005

1997 2004 1994 Rank top out of 16 others products !

BTS (MT/ha) Tahun 1st (35-47 Bulan) AJIB Trials done by RISDA 9

21% 8 Control

7 BTS(MT/ha)

Fertilizer Types 2015 2014 Country Global Innovation Index 2014-2015 32 33 Malaysia 49 40 Mauritius 60 53 South Africa 78 84 Morocco 84 98 Senegal 90 92 Botswana 92 85 Kenya 94 102 Rwanda 95 107 Mozambique 98 113 Malawi 100 99 Egypt 102 109 Burkina Faso 105 119 Mali 108 96 Ghana 110 114 Cameroon 111 91 Uganda 116 116 Cote d’Ivoire 117 123 Tanzania 120 135 Angola 124 121 Zambia 125 124 Madagascar Northern & Sub- 127 126 Ethiopia Saharan Africa 128 110 Nigeria 134 131 Niger www.globalinnovationindex.org Transforming Malaysia into Innovation – led Economy Success: from zero to world top producer Origin of rubber plant to Malaysia

Brazil

Kew Gardens London

Natural Rubber - Malaysia

 Prior to 1957, economy heavily dependent on primary products

 1990 - World's largest producer

1/4 of world production Natural Rubber

Exported raw commodity - source of cash income for millions of rural household Natural Rubber

Processing raw rubber sheets

Exported smoked rubber sheet Sold at relatively low price Imported value added rubber products

Imported at relatively high cost Drop in value of agriculture (Rubber) based commodities

Blessing in disguise! Globalization

Cannot be complacent or else we will be dependent on other forever!

Have to compete with the rest of the world! Today world’s leader Malaysia in medical gloves

Malaysian export earnings from natural rubber & rubber products (Value in RM Billion)

Natural Rubber Rubber Products Heveawood Products Other Rubber

Fresh fruit bunches Kernel Palm kernel oil

CrudePulp palm oil Crude palm oil Palm oil industry 5 million ha 2nd world largest producer Produced 18.7 million tonnes 2011 - $26 Billion

Introduced from Africa to Malaysia! Historical perspective Ghana Malaysia  British establish  British establish plantation in 1900 plantation in 1917  Independence 1957  Independence 1957  Industry small  Production industry by global increased standard dramatically & expanded into  2008 – 300,000 ha higher-value products  2008 > 2,000,000 ha How did we do it? Strategies & Roadmaps

Increase growth National Income (GNI) to $10 New wealth creation billion for Malaysia’s palm oil industry Reduce emission of Success due to appropriatecarbon policies dioxide & strategies & develop renewable energy Act of Parliament: - $3.50 /MT of CPO producedCreate for R&D 66,000 =$65 new million - $.60 for promotional activitiesjobs =$12.5 Oil Palm R&D Exploitation of oil palm phenolics

Targeted Traits Diversification by adding value to biomass G Abundance of Biomass – 110 million tons 2020 Plastic

Compo s Coal

Fuels

Absorbent

Vanillin

Ethanol

Butanol Waste to wealth Ghana 1st country British started oil palm plantations in 19th century Top 10 world producers of palm oil

in 2011

Nigeria Hondorus Congo Indonesia Malaysia Thailand Colombo Germany PNG CoI Ecaudor Brazil Carmeroon CostaRica Rep. Dem. of Ghana Countries exporting palm oil to Ghana (average share, 2005-2010)

Malaysia 57% Disincentives for Palm Oil in Ghana In Malaysia  Poor attention at policy Several level Strategies/ Policies  Lack of diversification into value  Established Institutions added products  Incentives – upstream &  Negative impact downstream products  High access costs  Capital Investment incentives  Illicit taxation  Replanting incentives  InefficientExploitation processing of IP & Appropriate techniques Policies/Strategies makes R&D the Funds difference Angeluccibetween, F, 2013, T echnicalsuccess Notes Series, & failureMAFAP, FAO Success: due to appropriate policies & strategies Patent - financial benefit to nation

20% Oil Extraction Rate (OER)

$26 Billion (2011)

OER increased by 1% + $260 million

increase by 2% + $320 million Without IP strategy/policies

Waste valuable resources & miss opportunities to protect valuable assets 2014 2013 Country Global Competitiveness Index 2013-2014 20 24 Malaysia 39 45 Mauritius 56 53 South Africa 62 66 Rwanda 72 77 Morocco 74 74 Botswana 90 96 Kenya 96 93 Zambia 106 112 Gabon 111 114 Ghana 112 113 Senegal 115 126 Cote d’Ivoire 116 115 Cameroon 118 127 Ethiopia 119 118 Egypt 121 125 Tanzania 122 129 Uganda 124 131 Zimbabwe 127 120 Nigeria 128 135 Mali 130 132 Madagascar Northern & Sub- 132 136 Malawi Saharan Africa 133 137 Mozambique 135 140 Burkina Faso The Global Competitiveness Report 2014–2015 Without linking scientific knowledge to innovation policy, it is impossible to have sustainable development

Investing in science, research & education serves as a powerful engine of innovation in an economy

To increase productivity, & ultimately raising competitiveness of the country Role of Public Policies & Institutional Policies

 Increase R&D funds

 Support innovative activities in public & private sector

 Support for public – private sector partnership Role of public & institutional policies

 Stronger efforts to combat counterfeiting & piracy

 Serious & growing problems Policies Strengthen the building blocks of innovation

Long term goals – going global

By 2020 Malaysia will be a global player in biotechnology & will generate at least 20 global Malaysian companies Malaysia moving toward innovation-led economy, driven by knowledge, creativity, technology & innovation Target: By 2020 1980s - 1990s 1960s - 1970s Innovation- Resource-Led Driven Economy Agriculture- Economy Based Economy Knowledge- Basic Input based Critical Basic Input Factors Success Factors .Infrastructure Factors: .Collateralized .Land risk- free .Technology .Labour capital .Markets .Labour

57 Continuous improvement

Science in the nation has reached a crossroad and new strategies are needed New institutions/units established to provide financial support National Committees Headed by Cabinet Members Committee Chairperson Innovation Eco-System Committees 1.Innovation Skills Dato Seri Mohamed Khaled Nordin 2 Intellectual Properties Dato Seri Ismail Sabri Yaakob 3 Investment (Public Datuk Seri Panglima Dr Maximus Fund) Johnity Ongkili 4Innovation Megatrend Prof Emeritus Tan Seri Dato Lim Kok Wing Wealth Creation Committees 1. Innovation Impact Dato Mustapa Mohamed Projects 2. Investment (Equity) Yan Sri Nor Mohamed Yakcop Requirements for Innovation

Political Commitment & support of national authorities

COMPLEXITY Economics Systems SCOPE OF STRATEGYRESEARCH Human Technology Strategy Generic Generic Behaviour PIMS Tools Creativity/Innovation Learning Theory 26 May 2010 The Star

“To become an innovative Nation, we need a mental transformation in the Government, industry and the education sector. This is to shape the attitude of our future generations. This is our mission.” YAB Dato’ Sri Mohd Najib bin Tun Abdul Razak Prime Minister Malaysia

Agency Innovation Malaysia Creating a culture of Innovation Innovation - Inland Revenue Board wins PM Award 27 May 2010 The Star Income Tax filing done Online E-Filing LHDNM Easy, simple & Safe Renew passport

Deposit old passport Renew passport

Thumb print

1 hr New passport ready Passing immigration Passing immigration

 No more long queues UsedNo passport since stamping 2003  Cut down No. of officers R&D Expenditure

Strong link between the growth in national economies and their corresponding R&D budgets Cartogram - countries are distorted in proportion to No. of annual patents granted there. Japan & USA each accounts for roughly 1/3 of patents worldwide.

byworldmapper.org. Gross

RM Million 10000 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000 7000 8000 9000 Current Expenditure 0 0.22

1996 329.3 220 549.3 expenditure(GERD onR&D 0.39

1998 659.3 430.8 1127 0.5 2000 807.2 864.3 1671.5 0.69

2002 1375.2 Capital Expenditure 1125.4 2500.6 0.63

2004 2196.6 647.2 2843.8 0.64

2006 3297.7 349 3646.7 0.82

2008 5134.1 936.7 6070.8 1.01 2009 Source:

Total 5,873.9 1,326.0 7,199.9 ) 1996 ) 1.07

2010 6,732.5 1,778.2 MASTIC(2012 GERD/GDP 8,510.7 1.07

2011 6,674.0 2748.0 - 9,422.0 2011 0.00 0.10 0.20 0.30 0.40 0.50 0.60 0.70 0.80 0.90 1.00 1.10 1.20 77 GERD/GDP TTO Practices

 Apply best practices & structured innovation methodology

 Create healthy relationship between private sector & institution Strengthen building blocks of innovation

TTO & Graduates – must have:  Innovation methodology

Build The Workforce must: future  Master Innovation Methodology for skills today creating new products & services

Poultry vaccines production

 QC  GMP Lessons from successful nations

Switzerland No. 1 in 2013 Global Innovation Index Lessons from successful countries

1st :  Well-constructed innovation policies/strategies

 Effective implementation

Successfully able to influence & to increase their innovation capacity & competitiveness Lessons from successful countries

2nd Countries at frontiers of innovation shift dynamically - over the last 25 years Top innovative countries

Common in 26 nations  Inventor – high academic achievement & high-tech advantage

 Transformer – attract inventive firms from other countries because of production & marketing expertise

 Financier - high R&D spend per capita & availability of local & foreign venture capital Challenges

Source: MOF Policy/Strategy formulation

Crystal clear strategy

Vague policy/strategy will limit implementation IP policy/strategy

Spells out

 How best to develop the talent base for an innovation system No single policy/strategy works for all countries

 Each country is different & need to crafts its own policy/strategy

 Understand comparative advantages & design innovation policies

 Exploit advantages & raise the odds of success Fragmented research activities within ministries

MOSTI MOH MOHE MOA NRE MOD MOT KKR KPPK KETTHA

SIRIM IMR USM MARDI FRIM MIGHT STRIDE MIROSCREAM LGM PTHN UPM MIMOS CRC VRI NAHRIM MPOB TNB BIOTECH UM MDeC FRI MCB PETRONAS Others UKM •Fragmented & working in silo •No single agency to collaborate R&D •Low No. of commercialized research output •Weak linkages between RI & industry •No centralised database on research activities

•R&D allocation is not optimally utilised Source: MOF Team work Partnership Strategic alliance Innovation

Same vision, mission & wavelength! Talent Pool

 Adequate No. of skilled human capital

 Continuously enlarge talent pool

 Researchers need to be:

International players

Exploiters of the world market

Contributors to world’s agenda Barriers

Political

Econo mic Legal

Technolo gical Social

Cultural Awareness

 Keep communications open so that  Developmentevery one know & integration what’s going of boldon policies  Restructuring tax & regulatory systems to  becomeInvolve policymore competitive makers & implementing agencies in awareness campaigns  Increase support for R&D  Awareness campaigns – Phase I  Improving education systems  Awareness campaigns – Phase II, III…  Many other pro-innovation steps

Source: MOF Nation’s success

 Development & integration of bold policies

 Restructuring tax & regulatory systems to become more competitive

 Increase support for R&D

 ImprovingIntroduce IPeducation into education systems programs

 Many other pro-innovation steps

Source: MOF No quick fixes

. Innovation is still new & evolving  Development & integration of bold policies . Innovation culture takes decades to accomplishRestructuring tax & regulatory systems to become more competitive . Short-term results difficult to demonstrate & toIncrease quantify support for R&D

.PolicyImproving makers education must recognise systems these facts & build flexible programs that takes time to matureMany other& evolve pro-innovation steps

Source: MOF Nothing is impossible! Development & integration of bold policies  Restructuring tax & regulatory systems to become more competitive

You Increase can support for R&D

doImproving it! education systems

 Many other pro-innovation steps

Source: MOF