Caribbean Coral Spawning – Citations
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The Reef Corridor of the Southwest Gulf of Mexico: Challenges for Its Management and Conservation
Ocean & Coastal Management 86 (2013) 22e32 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Ocean & Coastal Management journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/ocecoaman The Reef Corridor of the Southwest Gulf of Mexico: Challenges for its management and conservation Leonardo Ortiz-Lozano a,*, Horacio Pérez-España b,c, Alejandro Granados-Barba a, Carlos González-Gándara d, Ana Gutiérrez-Velázquez e, Javier Martos d a Análisis y Síntesis de Zonas Costeras, Instituto de Ciencias Marinas y Pesquerías, Universidad Veracruzana, Av. Hidalgo #617, Col. Río Jamapa 94290, Boca del Río, Veracruz, Mexico b Arrecifes Coralinos, Instituto de Ciencias Marinas y Pesquerías, Universidad Veracruzana, Av. Hidalgo #617, Col. Río Jamapa 94290, Boca del Río, Veracruz, Mexico c Centro de Investigación de Ciencias Ambientales, Universidad Autónoma del Carmen, Av. Laguna de Términos s/n, Col. Renovación 2da sección, CP 24155, Ciudad del Carmen, Campeche, Mexico d Laboratorio de Arrecifes Coralinos, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas y Agropecuarias, Zona Poza Rica Tuxpan, Universidad Veracruzana, Carr. Tuxpan.- Tampico km 7.5, Col. Universitaria, CP 92860, Tuxpan, Veracruz, Mexico e Posgrado. Instituto de Ecología, A.C., Departamento de Ecología y Comportamiento Animal, Apartado Postal 63, Xalapa 91000, Veracruz, Mexico article info abstract Article history: Flow of species and spatial continuity of biological processes between geographically separated areas Available online may be achieved using management tools known as Ecological Corridors (EC). In this paper we propose an EC composed of three highly threatened coral reef systems in the Southwest Gulf of Mexico: Sistema Arrecifal Lobos Tuxpan, Sistema Arrecifal Veracruzano and Arrecifes de los Tuxtlas. The proposed EC is supported by the concept of Marine Protected Areas Networks, which highlights the biogeographical and habitat heterogeneity representations as the main criteria to the establishment of this kind of networks. -
Regional Studies in Marine Science Reef Condition and Protection Of
Regional Studies in Marine Science 32 (2019) 100893 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Regional Studies in Marine Science journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/rsma Reef condition and protection of coral diversity and evolutionary history in the marine protected areas of Southeastern Dominican Republic ∗ Camilo Cortés-Useche a,b, , Aarón Israel Muñiz-Castillo a, Johanna Calle-Triviño a,b, Roshni Yathiraj c, Jesús Ernesto Arias-González a a Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del I.P.N., Unidad Mérida B.P. 73 CORDEMEX, C.P. 97310, Mérida, Yucatán, Mexico b Fundación Dominicana de Estudios Marinos FUNDEMAR, Bayahibe, Dominican Republic c ReefWatch Marine Conservation, Bandra West, Mumbai 400050, India article info a b s t r a c t Article history: Changes in structure and function of coral reefs are increasingly significant and few sites in the Received 18 February 2019 Caribbean can tolerate local and global stress factors. Therefore, we assessed coral reef condition Received in revised form 20 September 2019 indicators in reefs within and outside of MPAs in the southeastern Dominican Republic, considering Accepted 15 October 2019 benthic cover as well as the composition, diversity, recruitment, mortality, bleaching, the conservation Available online 18 October 2019 status and evolutionary distinctiveness of coral species. In general, we found that reef condition Keywords: indicators (coral and benthic cover, recruitment, bleaching, and mortality) within the MPAs showed Coral reefs better conditions than in the unprotected area (Boca Chica). Although the comparison between the Caribbean Boca Chica area and the MPAs may present some spatial imbalance, these zones were chosen for Biodiversity the purpose of making a comparison with a previous baseline presented. -
MARINE FAUNA and FLORA of BERMUDA a Systematic Guide to the Identification of Marine Organisms
MARINE FAUNA AND FLORA OF BERMUDA A Systematic Guide to the Identification of Marine Organisms Edited by WOLFGANG STERRER Bermuda Biological Station St. George's, Bermuda in cooperation with Christiane Schoepfer-Sterrer and 63 text contributors A Wiley-Interscience Publication JOHN WILEY & SONS New York Chichester Brisbane Toronto Singapore ANTHOZOA 159 sucker) on the exumbrella. Color vari many Actiniaria and Ceriantharia can able, mostly greenish gray-blue, the move if exposed to unfavorable condi greenish color due to zooxanthellae tions. Actiniaria can creep along on their embedded in the mesoglea. Polyp pedal discs at 8-10 cm/hr, pull themselves slender; strobilation of the monodisc by their tentacles, move by peristalsis type. Medusae are found, upside through loose sediment, float in currents, down and usually in large congrega and even swim by coordinated tentacular tions, on the muddy bottoms of in motion. shore bays and ponds. Both subclasses are represented in Ber W. STERRER muda. Because the orders are so diverse morphologically, they are often discussed separately. In some classifications the an Class Anthozoa (Corals, anemones) thozoan orders are grouped into 3 (not the 2 considered here) subclasses, splitting off CHARACTERISTICS: Exclusively polypoid, sol the Ceriantharia and Antipatharia into a itary or colonial eNIDARIA. Oral end ex separate subclass, the Ceriantipatharia. panded into oral disc which bears the mouth and Corallimorpharia are sometimes consid one or more rings of hollow tentacles. ered a suborder of Scleractinia. Approxi Stomodeum well developed, often with 1 or 2 mately 6,500 species of Anthozoa are siphonoglyphs. Gastrovascular cavity compart known. Of 93 species reported from Ber mentalized by radially arranged mesenteries. -
Coelenterata: Anthozoa), with Diagnoses of New Taxa
PROC. BIOL. SOC. WASH. 94(3), 1981, pp. 902-947 KEY TO THE GENERA OF OCTOCORALLIA EXCLUSIVE OF PENNATULACEA (COELENTERATA: ANTHOZOA), WITH DIAGNOSES OF NEW TAXA Frederick M. Bayer Abstract.—A serial key to the genera of Octocorallia exclusive of the Pennatulacea is presented. New taxa introduced are Olindagorgia, new genus for Pseudopterogorgia marcgravii Bayer; Nicaule, new genus for N. crucifera, new species; and Lytreia, new genus for Thesea plana Deich- mann. Ideogorgia is proposed as a replacement ñame for Dendrogorgia Simpson, 1910, not Duchassaing, 1870, and Helicogorgia for Hicksonella Simpson, December 1910, not Nutting, May 1910. A revised classification is provided. Introduction The key presented here was an essential outgrowth of work on a general revisión of the octocoral fauna of the western part of the Atlantic Ocean. The far-reaching zoogeographical affinities of this fauna made it impossible in the course of this study to ignore genera from any part of the world, and it soon became clear that many of them require redefinition according to modern taxonomic standards. Therefore, the type-species of as many genera as possible have been examined, often on the basis of original type material, and a fully illustrated generic revisión is in course of preparation as an essential first stage in the redescription of western Atlantic species. The key prepared to accompany this generic review has now reached a stage that would benefit from a broader and more objective testing under practical conditions than is possible in one laboratory. For this reason, and in order to make the results of this long-term study available, even in provisional form, not only to specialists but also to the growing number of ecologists, biochemists, and physiologists interested in octocorals, the key is now pre- sented in condensed form with minimal illustration. -
Microbiomes of Gall-Inducing Copepod Crustaceans from the Corals Stylophora Pistillata (Scleractinia) and Gorgonia Ventalina
www.nature.com/scientificreports OPEN Microbiomes of gall-inducing copepod crustaceans from the corals Stylophora pistillata Received: 26 February 2018 Accepted: 18 July 2018 (Scleractinia) and Gorgonia Published: xx xx xxxx ventalina (Alcyonacea) Pavel V. Shelyakin1,2, Sofya K. Garushyants1,3, Mikhail A. Nikitin4, Sofya V. Mudrova5, Michael Berumen 5, Arjen G. C. L. Speksnijder6, Bert W. Hoeksema6, Diego Fontaneto7, Mikhail S. Gelfand1,3,4,8 & Viatcheslav N. Ivanenko 6,9 Corals harbor complex and diverse microbial communities that strongly impact host ftness and resistance to diseases, but these microbes themselves can be infuenced by stresses, like those caused by the presence of macroscopic symbionts. In addition to directly infuencing the host, symbionts may transmit pathogenic microbial communities. We analyzed two coral gall-forming copepod systems by using 16S rRNA gene metagenomic sequencing: (1) the sea fan Gorgonia ventalina with copepods of the genus Sphaerippe from the Caribbean and (2) the scleractinian coral Stylophora pistillata with copepods of the genus Spaniomolgus from the Saudi Arabian part of the Red Sea. We show that bacterial communities in these two systems were substantially diferent with Actinobacteria, Alphaproteobacteria, and Betaproteobacteria more prevalent in samples from Gorgonia ventalina, and Gammaproteobacteria in Stylophora pistillata. In Stylophora pistillata, normal coral microbiomes were enriched with the common coral symbiont Endozoicomonas and some unclassifed bacteria, while copepod and gall-tissue microbiomes were highly enriched with the family ME2 (Oceanospirillales) or Rhodobacteraceae. In Gorgonia ventalina, no bacterial group had signifcantly diferent prevalence in the normal coral tissues, copepods, and injured tissues. The total microbiome composition of polyps injured by copepods was diferent. -
St. Kitts Final Report
ReefFix: An Integrated Coastal Zone Management (ICZM) Ecosystem Services Valuation and Capacity Building Project for the Caribbean ST. KITTS AND NEVIS FIRST DRAFT REPORT JUNE 2013 PREPARED BY PATRICK I. WILLIAMS CONSULTANT CLEVERLY HILL SANDY POINT ST. KITTS PHONE: 1 (869) 765-3988 E-MAIL: [email protected] 1 2 TABLE OF CONTENTS Page No. Table of Contents 3 List of Figures 6 List of Tables 6 Glossary of Terms 7 Acronyms 10 Executive Summary 12 Part 1: Situational analysis 15 1.1 Introduction 15 1.2 Physical attributes 16 1.2.1 Location 16 1.2.2 Area 16 1.2.3 Physical landscape 16 1.2.4 Coastal zone management 17 1.2.5 Vulnerability of coastal transportation system 19 1.2.6 Climate 19 1.3 Socio-economic context 20 1.3.1 Population 20 1.3.2 General economy 20 1.3.3 Poverty 22 1.4 Policy frameworks of relevance to marine resource protection and management in St. Kitts and Nevis 23 1.4.1 National Environmental Action Plan (NEAP) 23 1.4.2 National Physical Development Plan (2006) 23 1.4.3 National Environmental Management Strategy (NEMS) 23 1.4.4 National Biodiversity Strategy and Action Plan (NABSAP) 26 1.4.5 Medium Term Economic Strategy Paper (MTESP) 26 1.5 Legislative instruments of relevance to marine protection and management in St. Kitts and Nevis 27 1.5.1 Development Control and Planning Act (DCPA), 2000 27 1.5.2 National Conservation and Environmental Protection Act (NCEPA), 1987 27 1.5.3 Public Health Act (1969) 28 1.5.4 Solid Waste Management Corporation Act (1996) 29 1.5.5 Water Courses and Water Works Ordinance (Cap. -
Octocoral Physiology: Calcium Carbonate Composition and the Effect of Thermal Stress on Enzyme Activity
OCTOCORAL PHYSIOLOGY: CALCIUM CARBONATE COMPOSITION AND THE EFFECT OF THERMAL STRESS ON ENZYME ACTIVITY by Hadley Jo Pearson A thesis submitted to the faculty of The University of Mississippi in partial fulfillment of the requirements of the Sally McDonnell Barksdale Honors College. Oxford May 2014 Approved by Advisor: Dr. Tamar Goulet Reader: Dr. Gary Gaston Reader: Dr. Marc Slattery © 2014 Hadley Jo Pearson ALL RIGHTS RESERVED ii ACKNOWLEDGMENTS I would like to thank everyone who has helped me to make this thesis a reality. First, I would like to thank Dr. Tamar L. Goulet for her direction in helping me both to choose my topics of study, and to find the finances needed for me to participate in field research in Mexico. Her help in cleaning up my writing was greatly needed and appreciated. I would also like to thank Kartick Shirur. This project would have been completely impossible without his gracious, continuous help over the past three years. Our many late nights in the lab would have been unbearable without his patience, humor, and impeccable taste in music. Thank you for teaching me so much, while keeping my spirits high. Your contributions are invaluable. I would be remiss in not also thanking my other travel companions from my two summers in Mexico: Dr. Denis Goulet, Blake Ramsby, Mark McCauley, and Lauren Camp. Thank you for teaching and helping me along this very, very long journey. I thank my other thesis readers for their time and effort: Dr. Gary Gaston and Dr. Marc Slattery. Also, thank you to Dr. Colin Jackson for the use of his laboratory equipment. -
Coral Reefs & Global Climate Change
environment+ + Coral reefs & Global climate change Potential Contributions of Climate Change to Stresses on Coral Reef Ecosystems + Robert W. Buddemeier KANSAS G EOLOGICAL S URVEY Joan A. Kleypas NATIONAL C ENTER FOR ATMOSPHERIC R ESEARCH Richard B. Aronson DAUPHIN I SLAND S EA L AB + Coral reefs & Global climate change Potential Contributions of Climate Change to Stresses on Coral Reef Ecosystems Prepared for the Pew Center on Global Climate Change by Robert W. Buddemeier KANSAS G EOLOGICAL S URVEY Joan A. Kleypas NATIONAL C ENTER FOR ATMOSPHERIC R ESEARCH Richard B. Aronson DAUPHIN I SLAND S EA L AB February 2004 Contents Foreword ii Executive Summary iii I. Introduction 1 A. Coral Reefs and Reef Organisms 1 B. The “Coral Reef Crisis” 4 C. Climate and Environmental Change 5 II. Nonclimatic Stresses to Coral Reefs 7 A. Types and Categories of Stresses and Effects 7 B. Terrestrial Inputs 9 C. Overfishing and Resource Extraction 11 D. Coastal Zone Modification and Mining 13 E. Introduced and Invasive Species 13 III. Climatic Change Stresses to Coral Reefs 14 A. Coral Bleaching 15 B. Global Warming and Reef Distribution 17 C. Reduced Calcification Potential 19 D. Sea Level 21 E. El Niño-Southern Oscillation 21 F. Ocean Circulation Changes 22 + G. Precipitation and Storm Patterns 22 IV. Synthesis and Discussion 24 A. Infectious Diseases 24 B. Predation 25 C. Connections with Global Climate Change and Human Activity 26 D. Regional Comparison 27 E. Adaptation 28 V. Resources at Risk 30 + A. Socioeconomic Impacts 30 B. Biological and Ecological Impacts 31 C. Protection and Conservation 31 VI. -
Review on Hard Coral Recruitment (Cnidaria: Scleractinia) in Colombia
Universitas Scientiarum, 2011, Vol. 16 N° 3: 200-218 Disponible en línea en: www.javeriana.edu.co/universitas_scientiarum 2011, Vol. 16 N° 3: 200-218 SICI: 2027-1352(201109/12)16:3<200:RHCRCSIC>2.0.TS;2-W Invited review Review on hard coral recruitment (Cnidaria: Scleractinia) in Colombia Alberto Acosta1, Luisa F. Dueñas2, Valeria Pizarro3 1 Unidad de Ecología y Sistemática, Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá, D.C., Colombia. 2 Laboratorio de Biología Molecular Marina - BIOMMAR, Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de los Andes, Bogotá, D.C., Colombia. 3 Programa de Biología Marina, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad Jorge Tadeo Lozano. Santa Marta. Colombia. * [email protected] Recibido: 28-02-2011; Aceptado: 11-05-2011 Abstract Recruitment, defined and measured as the incorporation of new individuals (i.e. coral juveniles) into a population, is a fundamental process for ecologists, evolutionists and conservationists due to its direct effect on population structure and function. Because most coral populations are self-feeding, a breakdown in recruitment would lead to local extinction. Recruitment indirectly affects both renewal and maintenance of existing and future coral communities, coral reef biodiversity (bottom-up effect) and therefore coral reef resilience. This process has been used as an indirect measure of individual reproductive success (fitness) and is the final stage of larval dispersal leading to population connectivity. As a result, recruitment has been proposed as an indicator of coral-reef health in marine protected areas, as well as a central aspect of the decision-making process concerning management and conservation. -
The Invasive Coral Oculina Patagonica Has Not Been Recently Introduced to the Mediterranean from the Western Atlantic Karine Posbic Leydet* and Michael E Hellberg
Leydet and Hellberg BMC Evolutionary Biology (2015) 15:79 DOI 10.1186/s12862-015-0356-7 RESEARCH ARTICLE Open Access The invasive coral Oculina patagonica has not been recently introduced to the Mediterranean from the western Atlantic Karine Posbic Leydet* and Michael E Hellberg Abstract Background: Effective policies, management, and scientific research programs depend on the correct identification of invasive species as being either native or introduced. However, many species continue to be misidentified. Oculina patagonica, first recorded in the Mediterranean Sea in 1966, is believed to have been introduced in anthropogenic times and expanding in a west to east direction. However, its present identification and status as a recently introduced species remain to be explored. In this study, we used multi-locus genetic data to test whether O. patagonica in the Mediterranean has been recently introduced from the western North Atlantic. Results: We found no genetic or historical demographic evidence to support a recent introduction of O. patagonica from the western North Atlantic or an expansion across the Mediterranean. Instead, Mediterranean and Atlantic populations are genetically distinct and appear to have begun diverging about 5 Mya. We also found evidence of a fossil record of Oculina spp. existing in the eastern North Atlantic millions of years before the present. Conclusions: Our results suggest that Mediterranean populations of O. patagonica have long been isolated from the western Atlantic, either in undetectable numbers or overlooked and undersampled sites and habitats, and have only recently been expanding to invasive levels as a result of environmental changes. Accurate identification of species’ invasive statuses will enable more effective research programs aimed at better understanding the mechanisms promoting the invasive nature of species, which can then lead to the implementation of efficient management plans. -
What Evidence Exists on the Impacts of Chemicals Arising from Human Activity on Tropical Reef-Building Corals?
Ouédraogo et al. Environ Evid (2020) 9:18 https://doi.org/10.1186/s13750-020-00203-x Environmental Evidence SYSTEMATIC MAP PROTOCOL Open Access What evidence exists on the impacts of chemicals arising from human activity on tropical reef-building corals? A systematic map protocol Dakis‑Yaoba Ouédraogo1* , Romain Sordello2, Sophie Brugneaux3, Karen Burga4, Christophe Calvayrac5,6, Magalie Castelin7, Isabelle Domart‑Coulon8, Christine Ferrier‑Pagès9, Mireille M. M. Guillaume10,11, Laetitia Hédouin11,12, Pascale Joannot13, Olivier Perceval14 and Yorick Reyjol2 Abstract Background: Tropical coral reefs cover ca. 0.1% of the Earth’s surface but host an outstanding biodiversity and provide important ecosystem services to millions of people living nearby. However, they are currently threatened by both local (e.g. nutrient enrichment and chemical pollution of coastal reefs, arising from poor land management, agriculture and industry) and global stressors (mainly seawater warming and acidifcation, i.e. climate change). Global and local stressors interact together in diferent ways, but the presence of one stressor often reduces the tolerance to additional stress. While global stressors cannot be halted by local actions, local stressors can be reduced through ecosystem management, therefore minimizing the impact of climate change on reefs. To inform decision‑makers, we propose here to systematically map the evidence of impacts of chemicals arising from anthropogenic activities on tropical reef‑building corals, which are the main engineer species of reef ecosystems. We aim to identify the combina‑ tions of chemical and coral responses that have attracted the most attention and for which evidence can be further summarized in a systematic review that will give practical information to decision‑makers. -
1 Ecological Engineering Considerations for Coral
ECOLOGICAL ENGINEERING CONSIDERATIONS FOR CORAL REEFS IN THE DESIGN OF MULTIFUNCTIONAL COASTAL STRUCTURES Michael Foley1, Yuko Stender2, Amarjit Singh1, Paul Jokiel2, and Ku‘ulei Rodgers2 A multifunctional structure is being designed for the Kahului Harbor, Maui, Hawai‘i, to mitigate operational problems caused by wave energy while also providing coral reef habitat. There is limited information on how the design of a coastal structure can be manipulated to enhance the ecology of targeted coral communities. To inform the ecological engineering of an artificial coral reef, the relationship between substrate characteristics and coral colonization was investigated through coral recruitment experiments and study of field conditions. Three concrete compositions that differed by the use of basalt, limestone, or recycled aggregates were tested in field and laboratory experiments to determine the impact of each substrate on the recruitment of juvenile hermatypic corals. The concrete test plates were deployed in three environments for a period of about one year, after which the coral recruits on each plate were identified and counted. No significant difference was found in the average number of coral recruits on the concrete mixed with basalt, limestone and recycled aggregate (60 ± 9, 83 ± 17 and 77 ± 14, respectively). Significant differences in coral recruitment were found due to the laboratory tanks, deep water, and shallow water field tests environments (86 ± 11, 135 ± 15 and 4 ± 1, respectively). These results highlight the importance of environmental site conditions for the development of coral reef habitat. A field study was conducted in the vicinity of purposed artificial reef site to relate the topographic features of the surrounding environment to the levels of live coral coverage.