to the east on top of each other. The same rocks There are fleabanes, vetches, oxytropes, violets, appear as the rugged, precipitous cliffs and castel­ the western wood lily, wild blue flax, large- JASPER lated peaks of the Jacques and De Smet Ranges. flowered gaillardia, shooting star and the pasque (3) Mesozoic— flower, better known as the crocus anemone, Location which is also found on the prairies. Other wild- These younger rocks are softer and have been flowers are Macoun's gentian, bunchberry, twin- Jasper National Park lies along the eastern stripped off the higher mountains by the processes NATIONAL slopes of the Rocky Mountains with its townsite flower, wintergreens, asters, arnicas, water willow- of erosion. They tend to be preserved only in the herb and its cousin, the great willow-herb or 235 miles west of the City of Edmonton. valleys between the great palaeozoic mountain fireweed, Indian paint brush, elephant's head, Its southern boundary crosses the vast Colum­ ranges, where they form areas of low, undulating pentstemon, larkspur, columbine and several bia Icefield and the total Park area of 4,200 relief and where they can be seen in the steep interesting orchids such as the calypso, hooded PARK square miles makes it the second largest of the sides of some of the rivers, as for instance at ladies'-tresses, small white lady's-slipper and the National Parks in Canada. Snake Indian Falls. In places they have been round-leaved orchid. The detailed map in this folder has been pre­ crumbled and folded into structures called anti­ ALBERTA Some very interesting flowers are found around pared especially to assist visitors to identify clines and synclines. and above timberline (approximately 7,000 feet readily the various features of the Park. The great (150 square miles) altitude) among them red and pink mountain- is shared by Jasper and Banff National Parks. Much heath, white mountain-heather, forget-me-not, Purpose of it is above 8,500 feet in elevation and some mountain rhododendron, Arctic harebell, one- above 10,000 feet. It is the largest sheet of glacial Jasper National Park is one of Canada's 18 flowered wintergreen, moss-campion, and northern ice on this continent outside of the Arctic Circle. National Parks which form a chain of nature gentian. sanctuaries extending from Mount Revelstoke in From this icefield many valley glaciers reach Some of the more common shrubs found in the to Terra Nova in Newfound­ down to about 6,000 feet. One of the most spec­ Park are wild rose, buffaloberry, willow, alder, land. These parks have been established for the tacular of these, , is easily juniper, shrubby cinquefoil, silverberry, Saskatoon preservation of selected areas in their natural state accessible from the Banff-Jasper Highway near berry, Labrador tea, red osier dogwood, and two for the benefit, education, and enjoyment of the southern entry to the Park. Here there are kinds of bearberry. present and future generations of Canadians. crevasses, cascades of meltwater, interesting This vast area of nearly 29,350 square miles is Glacial waters carve their way through solid rock water channels in the ice, rock tables, and mo­ A young cow moose in sanctuary. administered by the Department of Northern at Punch Bowl Falls in Maligne Canyon. raines of several kinds. These and other interest­ Affairs and National Resources. ing glacial features may also be seen at Angel the history of the earth is represented in the rocks Glacier, on the flank of Cavell. The which were laid down in the Mesozoic, the time great masses of rock debris or moraines at both NATURAL FEATURES when reptiles dominated the earth and forests these places give a startling impression of the gradually approached those that we know today. power of erosion of glaciers. Geological The latest chapter in earth's history, the Cenozoic, A prime example of water erosion is Maligne The great movements within the earth's crust a time when mammals appeared and became suc­ Canyon. This great gash, almost 200 feet deep which have formed the mountains of Jasper cessful and, in quite recent geological times, man with nearly vertical walls less than 10 feet apart National Park have exposed rocks ranging in age appeared on the scene. in some places, has been cut through Palaeozoic from the most ancient to the most recent. Some Examples of these types of rocks are as follows: limestones by centuries of ceaseless wear by a of the rocks were laid down in the earliest defined (1) Precambrian and Cambrian— small stream of runinng water. era in the history of this planet, the Precambrian. Pyramid Mountain, six miles north of Jasper, At this time in earth's history the lands were Mount Athabasca and the Ramparts of Tonquin PlanHife naked of vegetation and in the seas there lived Valley, and on the Continental only a very few primitive invertebrates and algae. The Park is in the montane plant zone, making Divide. All have characteristic pyramid or bee­ Many of the mountains in the Park display great it botanically one of the most interesting areas hive shaped summits. thicknesses of rocks which were laid down in the of the country. Plants characteristic of both the next era, the Palaeozoic. This was a time of (2) Palaeozoic— prairies and the mountains grow in profusion rapid development of living things with plants Mountains in the eastern part of Jasper Park, throughout the Park, with a few arctics in the spreading over the lands and a vast increase in Roche a Perdrix (Fiddle Range) and Roche higher altitudes to intrigue the botanist. The animal life. Fishes swarmed in the seas and the Miette (summit of Miette Range) show folded flowers present an ever-changing carpet of colour reptiles had appeared. A third major chapter in strata, broken into large fault blocks and thrust for most of the summer season. Most of the trees in the Park are evergreen. includes an Interpretive Officer during the summer Camping Inexperienced climbers should obtain the services At the lower altitudes Douglas fir, lodgepole pine, months who conducts tours and campfire talks to of a guide and full information concerning the There are 11 campgrounds readily accessible black and western white spruce are common. At explain the purpose and natural features of this necessary equipment. to motoring visitors. Two of these, at Cotton­ National Park. Many of these nature talks are the higher altitudes Englemann spruce, western wood Creek and Miette Hot Springs, are ser­ illustrated by coloured slides and motion pictures. Pets white pine and alpine fir can be found. In some viced campgrounds and a nominal charge is made Interesting films, of an interpretative nature, are valleys, and creeping up to the lower benches of for their use. Dogs and cats may accompany visitors into the mountains may be found aspen poplar, bal­ presented frequently in the evenings at the vari­ the park. For the protection of park animals At Cottonwood Creek there are kitchen, laun­ sam poplar and birch which turn a brilliant gold ous campgrounds. Well marked nature trails of a however, dogs must be kept on leash. dry, and washrooms facilities with showers. Elec­ in the autumn and make a striking contrast to self-guiding type are laid out in various areas. trical plug-ins for trailers are available. the dark evergreens, while above, on the north­ Detailed information about the park is available Motor Licence At Miette Hot Springs, kitchens, washroom eastern slopes may be seen coppery-hued shrubs. at the Park Information Bureau. facilities and drinking water are available. Motoring visitors entering the Park are required Club-mosses, miniature forms of the giants of to obtain a Park motor vehicle licence at the No charge is made for use of the other nine How to See the Interesting Features entrance. This licence is good in all the National the coal age, are to be found at camp-grounds which provide individual tent sites, While roads lead to many of the interesting Parks for the entire season. and other localities in the Park. Small ferns are cooking facilities, drinking water and sanitary Park features, the best way to gain a full appre­ quite rare. arrangements. ciation of nature in the Park is to use the trails. Motor-Boats Picnic shelters and wayside tables are located Wildlife White-tailed ptarmigan in winter dress. A large number of visitors gain considerable satis­ at various points throughout the Park as indi­ Boating is a popular pastime in the Park, faction from walking or riding over the more The Park is a wildlife sanctuary in which wild cated on the map. Most of these free picnic sites although visitors may operate motor-boats only than 600 miles of well kept trails. Many areas animals are protected from hunting and trapping; Fish have a kitchen shelter with firewood, water, and on Pyramid and Medicine Lakes. Boat trips on consequently, many have become accustomed to Modern methods of fish management are fol­ of exceptional natural interest and beauty are sanitary facilities. Medicine and Maligne Lakes are offered by pri­ close association with humans and have lost their lowed to improve the angling in lakes and streams within a day's travel along the trails to the high vate interests. fear of man. This permits observation of them in the Park. A regular stocking program is car­ lakes and alpine meadows. For those with the Preservation at close range, but they are still wild animals and time and inclination, Jasper is one of the chief ried out from the fish hatchery under the guidance National Parks are selected areas set apart as should be viewed and photographed with caution. of the Canadian Wildlife Service. Rainbow, outfitting centres for trail riding expeditions in the The larger mammals native to the Park are . Saddle and pack horses can nature sanctuaries, and special care is taken to Eastern Brook, lake trout and splake (which is a maintain them in their natural state. For this black bear, grizzly bear, cougar, elk, mule deer, cross between lake and Eastern Brook trout) are be hired locally and guides are available if white-tailed deer, moose, bighorn sheep, mountain required. reason all birds, animals, wildlife, trees, rocks, distributed in Park waters. These are distributed and fossils are to remain undisturbed. Even the goat, and mountain caribou. For those visitors who must be satisfied with according to fishing pressure and productivity of wildflowers are not to be plucked; they are to be Some of the smaller mammals characteristic of water stocked. The fish hatchery is situated beside shorter trips, interesting trails radiate from the townsite. These trails (10 main ones in all) vary left for others to enjoy. Feeding, touching or the Park are coyote, fisher, marten, short-tailed the Maligne River, a half mile above its conflu­ molesting wild animals is not permitted. This is weasel, lynx, wolverine, skunk, bobcat, pika, ence with the Athabasca River just five miles east from three to 20 miles. Detailed descriptions of each are contained in the folder Trail Outings at Jasper in the interests of the animal, as well as the human snowshoe hare, hoary marmot, several types of of the townsite. Visitors are welcome to inspect who could receive serious injury. squirrel, pocket gopher, beaver, and muskrat. which includes a large scale map of the area. the hatchery during working hours. Please help protect your own Park for future Birdlife During the angling season Fishing Bulletins are enjoyment. It is part of your national inheritance. issued regularly to provide anglers with current GENERAL INFORMATION A Provisional Check-List of Birds to be found information on the angling conditions in various Prevent Fire in Jasper National Park names almost 200 varie­ Park Administration waters. These and fishing licences are available Campfires may be kindled only in fireplaces ties and is available free upon request. These at the National Park Information Bureau, sport­ A resident Superintendent is in charge of the range from the rarely seen, grotesque, stilt-legged Park. The protection of the Park and the visitor provided for this purpose and must be com­ ing goods stores, and from Park Wardens or pletely extinguished before campers leave the great blue heron to the impudent whiskey jack campground attendants. Fishing Regulations is in the hands of the Warden Service assisted by (grey jay) which congregate around picnic areas the Royal Canadian Mounted Police. Visitors site. Visitors observing an unattended fire should change periodically and anglers are advised to attempt to extinguish it if possible and promptly and campgrounds. consult Park Wardens or the Park Information may obtain detailed information from the nearest Park Warden. report it to the nearest Park Warden. Golden eagles and bald eagles are year round Bureau concerning these changes. residents. The bald eagle is not commonly Fire in a National Park can cause damage sighted but the golden eagle can often be seen Season which cannot be repaired in a hundred years. How You Can Learn More About the utilizing updrafts along the mountain slopes to The Park is open throughout the year, but it soar effortlessly beyond the range of most birds. Park is only from May to September that all the facili­ Mountain Climbing Hawks, woodpeckers, ptarmigan, warblers, and To help you understand and obtain greater ties are in operation. During the winter all the For the protection of mountain climbers, all grouse are but a few of the many other birds enjoyment from your park visit, the National usual facilities of a town are available in Jasper travel off the Park trails must be registered with These vigorous young pines—although badly bent which are frequently seen. Parks provide an Interpretation Service. This townsite. the District Warden, before and after the climb. —survived the force of an avalanche. MAP OF JASPER NATIONAL PARK ALBERTA

PREPARED AT THE SURVEYS AND MAPPING BRANCH. OTTAWA.

All boats operating in the Park must carry the enjoyment of this and future generations, A Brief History of the Park The present townsite, located on a boulder Hot Springs. One of these four springs gushes proper safety equipment and conform with Federal facilities have been provided to help visitors Jasper was established as a National Park in strewn flat, was originally named "Fitzhugh" and from the rocks at a temperature of 126°F. obtain greater benefits from their stay. For exam­ Navigation Regulations. 1907 and for the earlier history of the area we the first building was erected in 1911. In that Persons wishing additional information con­ ple, at Miette Hot Springs an outdoor bathing pool year the first road—to Pyramid Lake—was con­ cerning the Park may address their enquiries to: How to Reach the Park must turn to the diaries and reports of the early offers greater convenience for healthful enjoy­ explorers and fur traders. Nearly 100 years before structed and in the winter of 1912-13 the first The Superintendent, The Park is served by all usual methods of ment of these mineral waters. Specially selected this, David Thompson the pioneer explorer of bridge in the Park—a log suspension type—was Jasper National Park, transportation—rail, air, bus, and motor car. As trails have been developed as Nature Trails where the western part of Canada discovered the Atha­ built by volunteers to cross the Athabasca River JASPER, Alberta. indicated on the accompanying map, a small various species of trees, shrubs, and wildflowers basca Pass and a practical route to the Pacific near Old Fort Point. or National Parks Branch, landing field 7i miles east of Jasper townsite are identified by labels. Many miles of other trails Coast. Over the years rivalry for the fur trade On the shore of Lac Beauvert in 1915 Jack Department of Northern Affairs permits landings of light aircraft during daylight. are maintained to enable visitors to escape from between the Hudson's Bay and Northwest Com­ and Fred Brewster erected eight tent houses for and National Resources, During winter months, however, the Banff-Jasper the pressure of modern living and seek the peace panies stimulated the use of this route known as summer use by Edmonton interests. In 1921 these Highway and the Yellowhead Road are closed. OTTAWA, Canada. and quietness of forested glades. the "Grande Traverse" by great packtrains of were purchased by the Canadian National Rail­ To secure the maximum benefit from their park trade goods and fur bales. Explorers, prospectors, ways, which in the same year began construction Accommodation experience, visitors will find the use of these and engineers and missionaries came to know the of Jasper Park Lodge. A variety of accommodation is offered in the broad valley of the Athabasca en route to Boat other trails into areas of unspoiled nature most The first trip into the Park by automobile Park, details of which are listed in the Accom­ rewarding. A journey into the more secluded sec­ Encampment and, via the mighty Columbia River, to Astoria on the Oregon Coast. Among these occurred in 1923 when Charles Grant and R. L. modation Directory for Canada's National Parks tions of the Park can contribute greatly to the available at all Park Information Offices. Nearly was an employee of the Northwest Company, Greene journeyed from Edmonton on the aban­ restoration of the human spirit. It is a sanctuary all facilities of a modern town are found within Jasper Hawes, who took charge of the first trad­ doned railway grade of the Grand Trunk Pacific. for man, as well as the wild creatures. the park boundaries, the majority being con­ ing post at the outlet of Brule Lake. He soon In that year a scenic road was built to Mount Published under the authority of venient to the main townsite. Private interests offer alternative recreational moved the post upstream to the outlet of Jasper Edith Cavell. In 1929 work commenced on the activities in both winter and summer, with sight­ Lake where it became known as "Jasper's House". HON. WALTER DINSDALE, P.C., M.P. Jasper end of the Banff-Jasper Highway and this Minister of Northern Affairs Park Enjoyment seeing tours via motor car, boat, skiis, or saddle- When in 1907 several names for this new Park was officially opened in 1940. In the eastern sec­ and National Resources Although the Park was established and is main­ horse, as well as other facilities customarily found were suggested "Jasper" finally won out over tion of the Park a road was built in 1938 to tained primarily to preserve its natural state for in most vacation areas. "Athabasca". provide convenient access for visitors to Miette ROGER DUHAMEL. F.R.S.C. Queen's Printer and ControUer of Stationery Ottawa. 1961 Rcq. 39 553-EL(3(i)