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Journal of Ichthyology and Aquatic Biology Vol aqua Journal of Ichthyology and Aquatic Biology Vol. 8 (2), March 2004 Aquapress ISSN 0945-9871 aqua - Journal of Ichthyology and Aquatic Biology Managing Editor: Scope and aims Heiko Bleher aqua is an international journal which publishes original Via G. Falcone 11, 27010 Miradolo Terme (PV), Italy scientific articles in the fields of systematics, taxonomy, Tel.: +39 0382 754707/08 - Fax: +39 0382 754129 biogeography, ethology, ecology, and general biology of e-mail: [email protected] fishes, amphibians, aquatic invertebrates, and plants. Papers on freshwater, brackish, and marine organisms will be considered. aqua is fully refereed and aims at Scientific Editor: publishing manuscripts within 2-4 months of acceptance. With the publication of we are pursuing a new con - Dr. Walter Ivantsoff aqua cept: In view of the importance of colour patterns in Senior Research Fellow, species identification and animal ethology, authors are Department of Biological Sciences, encouraged to submit colour illustrations as well as Macquarie University, N.S.W. 2109, Australia descriptions of coloration. It is our aim to provide Tel. +61 2 9850 8167 - Fax +61 2 9869 8886 the international scientific community with an efficiently e-mail: [email protected] published series meeting high scientific and technical standards. Editorial Board: Gerald R. Allen, I Dreyer Road Roleystone, Call for papers W. A. Australia 6111 The editors welcome the submission of original manu - scripts which should be sent directly to the scientific editor. George W. Barlow, Department of Integrative Biology, Full length research papers and short notes will be consid - University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720-3140, ered for publication. There are no page charges and colour U.S.A. illustrations will be published free of charge. Authors will Henri J. Dumont, Rijksuniversiteit Gent, Laboratorium receive 1 free reprint and 1 PDF-file of each paper. voor Ecologie der Dieren, Zoogeografie en Natuur- behoud, K. L. Ledeganckstraat, 9000 Gent, Belgium Subscription Notice Jacques Géry, Chemin du Plantier, 24200 Sarlat, A volume (4 issues) of aqua will be published each year, France each issue comprising 48 pages (including cover). The annual subscription rate (for one volume = 4 issues) Frank Kirschbaum, Institut für Gewässerökologie und is Euro 40.00 (US$ 48.00) plus postage Euro 10.00 Binnenfischerei, Abt. 4 Forschungsverbund Berlin e. V. (US$ 12.00) and for priority postage Euro 17,00 Müggelseedamm 310, 12587 Berlin, Germany (US$ 20.00). Friedhelm Krupp, Forschungsinstitut Senckenberg, Subscription enquires should be sent to the address Senckenberganlage 25, 60325 Frankfurt am Main, given below or our e-mail: [email protected] Germany Christian Lévêque, CNRS - Programme Environnement aqua binder Vie et Sociétès, 1 Place Aristide Briand, 92195 Paris Binders for Volumes of aqua Journal Ichthyology and Cédex, France Aquatic Biology are available at cost price Euro 12,50 (US$ 15.00) plus postage Euro 8,00 (US$ 10.00). Volker Mahnert, Muséum d’Histoire Naturelle, Route de Notice: aqua Volumes 1(1)-5(4) = 1. binder; Malagnou 1, 1211 Genève 6, Switzerland Volumes 6(1)-8(4) = 2. binder. Paolo Parenti, Department of Enviromental Sciences, University of Milan-Bicocca, Piazza della Scienza 1, Special Publication I-20126 Milan, Italy From 2003 onwards Aquapress will publish a series of John E. Randall, Bishop Museum, 1525 Bernice Street, Special Publications . The first Special Publication of P.O. Box 19000-A, Honolulu, Hawaii, U.S.A. aqua will be available in December 2003. From then on, Special Publications will be printed yearly, or more often. Wolfgang Schneider, Hessisches Landesmuseum, All Special Publications will contain around 100 pages or Darmstadt, Friedensplatz 1, 64283 Darmstadt, more and will only be available separately from normal Germany issues of aqua . Enquiries about subscriptions and the prices of Special Publications should be sent to the Lothar Seegers, Grenzstraße 47b, 46535 Dinslaken, address given below or via e-mail: [email protected] Germany Wolfgang Villwock, Universität Hamburg, Zoologisches ISSN 0945-9871 Institut und Zoologisches Museum, Martin-Luther-King- Publisher: Aquapress, Redazione aqua, Platz 3, 20146 Hamburg, Germany I-27010 Miradolo Terme (Pavia), Italy Printer: Grafiche Dessì s.r.l. (Torino) Italy Chem Yi-yu, Institute of Hydrobiology, Academia Sinica, Typesetting: Rossella Bulla Wuhan Hubei, P. R. China © 2004 aqua , Journal of Ichthyology and Aquatic Biology aqua, Journal of Ichthyology and Aquatic Biology The subadult of the labrid fish Novaculoides macrolepidotus , a mimic of waspfishes of the genus Ablabys John E. Randall and Andreas Spreinat Bishop Museum, 1525 Bernice St., Honolulu, HI 96817-2704, USA Domäneweg 1, D-37079 Göttingen, Germany Accepted: 17.09.2003 Keywords portamento, mostrandosi riluttante a muoversi e Mimicry, marine fishes, Novaculoides , Ablabys tenendo completamente eretta la sua pinna dorsale. Abstract Introduction A brief review of mimicry in marine fishes is followed There has long been confusion regarding the terms by the example of the subadult of the labrid fish protective resemblance and mimicry. Poulton (1898) Novaculoides macrolepidotus believed to be a mimic defined them as follows: “In the former an animal of venomous scorpaeniform fishes of the genus resembles some object which is of no interest to its Ablabys . In addition to the resemblance in form and enemy, and in so doing is concealed; in the latter an colour to species of Ablabys , the subadult of this animal resembles an object which is well-known and labrid fish mimics Ablabys behavior by showing a avoided by its enemy, and in so doing becomes con - strong reluctance to move and by holding its dorsal fin spicuous.” After their discovery of the blenny Aspi - fully erect. dontus taeniatus mimicking the cleaner wrasse Labroides dimidiatus , Randall and Randall (1960) Zusammenfassung revised Poulton’s definition of mimicry: “…an animal Nach einer kurzen Übersicht über Fälle von Mimikry resembles an object which is well-known and is bei Meeresfischen wird das Beispiel der subadulten avoided or not preyed upon by its enemy, and in so Lippfische beschrieben , die als „Nachahmer“ der gifti - doing becomes conspicuous.” gen Skorpionsfische der Gattung Ablabys aufgefasst Far from being avoided, the cleaner wrasse is werden. Neben der Ähnlichkeit in Form und Farbe zu sought by other fishes of the community for its para - den Ablabys -Arten, ahmen die subadulten Tiere des site removal services (but it also feeds heavily on Lippfischs auch das Verhalten von Ablabys nach, mucus). It serves as the model for the mimicking indem sie sich bei der Bewegung stark zurückhalten blenny to enable the latter to get close enough to nip und die Rückenflosse gänzlich aufgerichtet halten. the fins of its reef-fish prey. Cott (1957) differentiated two well-known types of Résumé mimicry, Batesian and Müllerian. Batesian mimicry is Un bref survol du mimétisme chez les poissons de when “a relatively scarce, palatable, and unprotected mer est suivi par le cas du subadulte du labridé species resembles an abundant, relatively unpalat - Novaculoides macrolepidotus susceptible d’être un able or well-protected species, and so becomes dis - imitateur des poissons-scorpions venimeux du genre guised. In Müllerian mimicry, on the other hand, a Ablabys . En plus de la ressemblance de forme et de number of different species all possessing apose - couleur avec des espèces d’ Ablabys , le subadulte de matic attributes and appearance resemble one ce labridé imite le comportement des Ablabys en another, and so become more easily recognized.” montrant une forte répugnance au mouvement et en The resemblance of the harmless black-barred érigeant au maximum sa dorsale. snake eel Myrichthys colubrinus to the venomous sea snake Platurus colubrinus has long been given as a Sommario classic example of Batesian mimicry in the sea. Una breve rivisitazione del mimetismo nei pesci Another is the black-marked pectoral fin of the com - marini è qui proposta traendo come esempio il mon sole Solea vulgaris which resembles the black subadulto del labride Novaculoides macrolepidotus, dorsal fin of the venomous weeverfishes (Trachinus ritenuto assumere le sembianze di scorpeniformi draco and T. vipera). velonosi del genere Ablabys. Oltre alle somiglianze di Remarkable examples of Batesian mimicry are colore e forma, il labride imita Ablabys anche nel com - those blennies of the genera Ecsenius , Petroscirtes , 45 aqua vol. 8 no. 2 - 2004 The subadult of the labrid fish Novaculoides macrolepidotus , a mimic of waspfishes of the genus Ablabys and Plagiotaenia that mimic the venomous fang dorsal ray of the flatfish Asterorhombus fijiensis has blennies of the genus Meiacanthus (Springer and been shown to serve as a lure (Amaoka et al., 1994). Smith-Vaniz, 1972; Losey, 1972; Smith-Vaniz, 1976). Examples of entire fishes that are aggressive mim - Also mimicking the venomous fang blennies, though ics of benign fishes to get closer to prey are species less precisely, are one species of cardinalfish of the of the western Atlantic butter hamlets ( Hypoplectrus ) genus Cheilodipterus and two species of the that resemble damselfishes (Pomacentridae) (Ran - nemipterid genus Scolopsis (Allen et al., 1975),. dall and Randall, 1960); the juvenile of the snapper Unique is the example of McCosker (1977) depicting Lutjanus bohar that resembles the damselfishes the fright posture of the plesiopid fish Calloplesiops Chromis ternatensis
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