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STATE ~ State Fauna Series 10 STATE ~ State Fauna Series 10 FAUNA OF MANIPUR (PART-3) Invertebrates Edited by The Director, Zoological Survey of India. Kolkata Zoological Survey of India Kolkata CITATION Editor-Director, 2004. State Fauna Series 10 : Fauna of Manipur, Part-3 (Invertebrates), 1-123 (Published-Director, Zool. Surv. India, KoJkata) Published : June, 2004 ISBN 81·8171·045-2 Project Co-ordinator Dr. J. R. B. Alfred (Director, Zoological SurVey of India) © Govt. of India, 2004 All RIGHTS RESERVED • No port of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photoc;opying, recording or otherwise without the prior permission of the publisher. • This book is sold subiect to the condition that it sholl not, by way of trade, be lent, re-sold hired out or otherwise disposed of without the publisher's consent, in any form of binding or cover other than that in which it is published. • The correct price of this publication is the price printed on this page. Any revised price indicated by a rubber stomp or by a sticker or by any other means is incorrect and should be unacceptable. PRICE India Rs. 350.00 Foreign $ 25; £ 20 Published at the Publication Division by the Director, Zoological Survey of India, 234/4, AJC Bose Road, 2nd MSO Building, (13th Floor), Nizam Palace, Kolkata-700 020 and printed at Calcutta Repro Graphics, Kolkata-700 006. STATE FAUNA SERIES FAUNA OF MANIPUR Part·3 2004 1-123 CONTENTS 1. PROroZOA .............................................................................................................................. 1-44 A.K. Das, Rina Nandi, N.C. Sarkar and D. Saha 2. NEMOTODE PARASITES OF VERTEBRATES ................................................................ 45-67 S.R. Dey Sarkar and Amalendu Chatterjee 3. MOLLUSCA ......................................................................................................................... 69-118 K.V. Surya Rao, H.P. Mookherjee, S.C. Mitra, R.N. Manna and S. Barua 4. CRUSTACEA: DECAPODA : PALAEMONIDAE AND POTAMONIDAE ............... 119-123 T. Roy, S.K. Ghosh and S.S. Ghatak Zool. Surv. India State Fauna Series 10 : Fauna of Manipur, 1-44, 2004 PROTOZOA A. K. DAS, RINA NANDI, N. C. SARKAR and D. SARA Zoological Survey of India, 'M' Block, New Alipore, Kolkata-700 053 INTRODUCTION MATERIAL AND METHODS Protozoa are cosmopolitan in distribution and Freeliving protozoa were collected from occur in each and every habitat of all terrestrial freshwater ponds, ditches, lakes, rivers and streams and aquatic ecosystems of the globe. Even then, as well as mosses grown on soil, rocks and trees there is no published report of any protozoan of different districts of Manipur. Parasitic protozoa species ffom Manipur excepting a published were recovered from five host species as account of Chattopadhyay and Das (2003) wherein mentioned in the following systematic list and 16 species of testacid rhizopode have been taxonomic account. reported from this state. In this context, the present Freshwater samples were collected along with communication deals with a consolidated little algal mass, aquatic weeds, bottom ooze and taxonomic account of 86 species of protozoa, of flocculent matter arising out of squeezing of which 78 species are freeliving and 8 species aquatic vegetation of the sampling localities. parasitic. These protozoan species have been Samples were kept in wide mouthed glass jars. collected, examined and identified by the present These jars were brought to the laboratory and authors.· Collection of the samples was made kept for a few days, with their lids open for from 7 districts of the state, namely, Imphal, considerable increase in protozoa population. The Bishenpur, Senapati, Tamenglong, Jiribum, samples were then thoroughly examined under Churachandpur and Chandel while two districts, light microscope from time to time. Freeliving namely, Thoubal and Ukhrul remain unatte~ded ciliates were examined in living condition by for protozoa collection. keeping them in natural medium. Sometimes The systematic account of protozoa of Manipur methocyl solution was used for slowing down the is dealt with under two broad sub-heads, viz., movement of the fast moving ciliates for the freeliving protozoa and parasitic protozoa for the study of their internal structures ill situ under conveninence of taxonomic treatment and for light microscope. Sometimes Lugol's solution maintaining earlier treatment of protozoa fauna was added as killing agent and for detecting of the State Fauna Series published by the perepheral organellae. Schaudinn's fluid and Zoological Survey of India. It is worthmentioning Carnoy's fluid were used as fixatives of freeliving here that all the protozoan species dealt with in ciliates for preparing their permanent slides. The the present paper constitute first record for the first one is very effective for keeping the exact state excepting 13 species of testate amoebae natural shape of the specimen while the second belonging to the genera Centropyxis, Plagiopyxis, one is better for studying their nuclear structure. Corythion, Euglypha, Tracheleuglypha and Heidenhain's and Delafield's haematoxylin were Trinema as mentioned elsewhere in the systematic used for staining the ciliates. These slides were account. mounted in DPX. 2 State Faulla Series 10: Fauna of Man;pur For the preparation of permanent slides of SYSTEMATIC LIST OF PROTOZOA testaceans (rhizopods) their tests were isolated (Classification following Levi ne et ale 1980) from the bottom ooze of freshwater biotopes with Phylum SARCOMASTlGOPHORA the aid of a micropipette. These protozoans were Subphylum MASTIGOPHORA also collected by squeezing different parts of Class PHYTOMASTlGOPHOREA aquatic vegetation including their roots and Order CRYPTOMONADIDA submerged portion of leaves. These testacids were Family CRYPTOMONADIDAE placed on a glass slides covered with thin layer of Genus Chilomonas Ehrenberg albumen glycerol, with the aid of a micropipette. 1. Chilomonas paramecium Ehrenberg These were then air dried with room temperature, transferred to xylene for about 10 hours and Order DINOFLAGELLIDA mounted in DPX. Family GYMNODINllDAE Genus Gymnodinium Stejn For collecting moss dwelling protozoa moss 2. Gymnodinium aeruginosu,n Stein samples were scraped from the top soil, rocks and barks of trees with spatula and brought to the Family PERIDINIIDAE laboratory in closed plastic bags. The samples Genus Ceratium Schrank were then processed with non-flooded petridish 3. Ceratium hirundinella Muller method as described by Foissner (1987). For that 4. Ceratium tripos Nitzch purpose 1-2 g of field-moist subsamples taken Genus Peridinium Ehrenberg from each bulk sample was kept in a petridish 5. Peridinium tabulatum Claparede & with 10-15 cm diameter. The sample was then Lachmann saturated but not flooded with distilled water. Order EUGLENIDA After 48 hours about 2-3 ml run off collected Family EUGLENIDAE after tilting petri dish was thoroughly examined Genus EuglelUl Ehrenberg under a compound microscope for ciliates and 6. Euglena acus Ehrenberg rhizopods usually at magnification 450x (occular 7. Euglena oxyuris Schmadra lOx and objective 45x). Such examination was continued for 2-3 weeks, depending upon ~e Genus Phacus Dujardin availability of protozoan specimens. Testaceans 8. Phacus acuminata Stokes or ciliated protozoa observed in the run off were 9. Phacus pleuronectes (Muller) fixed, stained and moun~ed in the same manner Genus Trachelomonas Ehrenberg as described earlier for freshwater. protozoa. 10. Trachelomonas hispida (Perty) For parasitic protozoa hosts were dissected 11. Trachelomonas ureeolata Stokes and their gut contents, lungs, livers and blood Family ANISONEMIDAE smears were thoroughly examined under a Genus Entosiphon Stein compound microscope. Gut contents were 12. Entosiphon sulcatum (Dujardin) examined after ~i1uting them with physiological Subphylum SARCODINA saline. Organ smears and blood smears were Class LOBOSEA drawn on clean and greeze free slides, air dried, AMOEBIDA fixed and stained with Giemsa or Leishman's Order stains. The gut dwelling forms were fixed in Family THECAMOEBIDAE Schaudinn's fluid and stained with Heidenhain's Genus Thecamoeba Fromental iron haematokylin. For more details Das et ale 13. Thecamoeba striata (Penard) (1993, 1995) may be consulted. 14. Thecamoeba terricola (Greet) DAS et ale : Protozoa 3 Order ARCELLINIDA Family ? Family ARCELLIDAE Genus Phryganellll Penard Genus Arcella Ehrenberg 41. Phryganella acropodia (Hertwig & Lesser) 15. Arcella discoides Ehrenberg Class FaOSEA 16. Arcella hemispherica Ehrenberg Order GROMIIDA 17. Arcella vulgaris Ehrenberg Family EUGLVPHIDAE Family CENTROPYXIDAE Genus Assulina Ehrenberg Genus Centropyxis Stein 42. Assulina muscorum Greef 18. Centropyxis aculeata (Ehrenberg) 43. Assulina semi/unum (Ehrenberg) 19. Centropyxis aerophila Deflandre Genus Corythion Taranek 20. Centropyxis ecorn;s (Ehrenberg) 44. Corythion dubium Taranek 21. Centropyx;s minuta Deflandre Genus Euglyp"" Dujardin 22. Centropyxis platystoma Penard 45. Euglypha acanthophora (Ehrenberg) 23. Centropyxis spinosa (Cash & Hopkinson) 46. Euglypha rotunda Weiles & Penard Genus Cyclopyxis (Deflandre) 47. Euglypha tuberculata Dujardin 24. Cyclopyxis arcelloides (Deflandre) Genus Tracheleuglyphtl Deflandre Genus Plagiopyxis Penard 48. Tracheleuglypha dentata (Vejdowsky) 25. Plagiopyxis callida Penard Genus Trinemtl Dujardin 26. Plagiopyxis declivis Bonnet & Thomas 49. Trinenw enchelys Ehrenberg
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