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Diagnostico Del Estado Actual Y Necesidades Regionales Entorno Al Uso Y Apropiacion De Los Sistemas Y Las Telecomunicaciones

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Diagnostico Del Estado Actual Y Necesidades Regionales Entorno Al Uso Y Apropiacion De Los Sistemas Y Las Telecomunicaciones DIAGNOSTICO DEL ESTADO ACTUAL Y NECESIDADES REGIONALES ENTORNO AL USO Y APROPIACION DE LOS SISTEMAS Y LAS TELECOMUNICACIONES DAVID ANDRES PARRA BETANCUR DIEGO FERNANDO BURGOS LEGARDA UNIVERISIDAD CATOLICA DE PEREIRA FACULTAD DE CIENCIAS BASICAS E INGENIERIAS PROGRAMA DE INGENIERÍA DE SISTEMAS Y TELECOMUNICACIONES PROYECTO DE GRADO PEREIRA 2011 DIAGNOSTICO DEL ESTADO ACTUAL Y NECESIDADES REGIONALES ENTORNO AL USO Y APROPIACION DE LOS SISTEMAS Y LAS TELECOMUNICACIONES DAVID ANDRES PARRA BETANCUR DIEGO FERNANDO BURGOS LEGARDA PROYECTO DE GRADO ASESOR JUAN LUIS ARIAS VARGAS UNIVERISIDAD CATOLICA DE PEREIRA FACULTAD DE CIENCIAS BASICAS E INGENIERIAS PROGRAMA DE INGENIERÍA DE SISTEMAS Y TELECOMUNICACIONES PROYECTO DE GRADO PEREIRA 2011 DEDICATORIA Les dedicamos este trabajo a todos las personas Que nos apoyaron en la realización de este proyecto, También a nuestros familiares pilar fundamental en nuestras vida Y a Dios por darnos las ganas y dedicación. AGRADECIMIENTOS Le damos primero Gloria a Dios por permitirnos ser Personas responsables con nuestros trabajos, también A nuestras familias les agradecemos por el apoyo económico y sentimental. INDICE DE CONTENIDOS DEDICATORIA AGRADECIMIENTOS LISTAS DE GRAFICOS SÍNTESIS 11 ABSTRACT 12 INTRODUCCION 13 1. DIAGNOSTICO DEL ESTADO ACTUAL Y NECESIDADES REGIONALES ENTORNO AL USO Y APROPIACION DE LOS SISTEMAS Y LAS TELECOMUNICACIONES 15 1.1 PLANTEAMIENTO Y DESCRIPCIÓN DEL PROBLEMA 15 1.2 FORMULACIÓN DEL PROBLEMA 15 1.3 OBJETIVOS 16 1.3.1 Objetivo General 16 1.3.2 Objetivos Específicos 16 1.4 JUSTIFICACIÓN 16 2. MARCO TEÓRICO 18 2.1 Antecedentes 18 2.1.1 Panorama nacional en la calidad de productos software 18 2.1.2 Crecimiento de la industria del software 20 2.1.3 Industria del software en América Latina 21 2.1.4 Red Colombiana de Calidad de Software (RCCS) 22 2.1.5 Adopción de las tecnologías de la información y la comunicación por las empresas colombianas 23 2.1.6 Pymes colombianas, las que más adoptan transacciones en línea en Latinoamérica 24 2.1.7 Modelo de la medición de las tecnologías de la información y las comunicaciones – TIC 25 2.2 Marco Referencia 27 2.2.1 Hardware 28 2.2.2 PBX 29 2.3 Servidores 30 2.3.1 Servidor VPN 30 2.3.2 Servidor de archivo 30 2.3.3 Servidor de correo 30 2.3.4 Servidor web 31 2.3.5 Servidor de base de datos 31 2.3.6 Servidor de reserva 31 2.4 Software 31 2.4.1 Software licenciado 32 2.4.2 Software libre 32 2.5 Sistemas operativos 33 2.5.1 Windows 34 2.6 Internet 35 2.6.1 Navegador de internet 36 2.6.2 Búsqueda de la información 36 2.6.3 Tipos de buscadores 37 2.7 Medios de Acceso a Internet 38 2.7.1 Banda ancha 38 2.7.2 Cableado 39 2.7.3 Wi-Fi 39 2.7.4 Modem Celular 40 2.7.5 Satelital 41 2.7.6 ADSL 41 2.7.7 Radio enlace 42 2.8 Tipos de telefonía 44 2.8.1 Telefonía Fija 44 2.8.2 Telefonía Móvil 44 2.9 Aplicaciones 46 2.9.1 Correo electrónico 46 2.9.2 Mensajería instantánea 46 2.9.3 Redes sociales 47 2.10 Marco Conceptual 48 3. DISEÑO BÁSICO METODOLÓGICO 60 3.1 Muestreo No Probabilístico 60 3.2 Tipo de estudio 61 3.3 Población de estudio 63 4. ANÁLISIS DE LA INFORMACIÓN 64 4.1 Infraestructura Organizacional Específica 64 4.2 Infraestructura Tecnológica 74 4.3 Comportamiento tecnológico respecto a la variable software 78 4.4 Tipos de software 83 4.5 Comportamiento tecnológico respecto a la variable telecomunicaciones 101 4.6 Comportamiento tecnológico respecto a la seguridad informática 107 4.7 Comportamiento tecnológico respecto a los sistemas de comunicación organizacional 109 4.8 Proyección tecnológica de la organización 116 CONCLUSIONES Y RECOMENDACIONES 119 BIBLIOGRAFIA 123 ANEXOS 127 LISTAS DE GRAFICOS PAG. Grafico Nº1 Principales navegadores utilizados. 36 Grafico Nº2 Infraestructura Organizacional Específica 64 Grafico Nº3 Contratación por necesidades 65 Grafico Nº4 Nombre de los departamentos 66 Grafico Nº5 Funciones dentro de la organización 67 Grafico Nº6 Número de funcionarios 68 Grafico Nº7 Disponibilidad presupuestal propia 69 Grafico Nº8 Áreas subordinadas del departamento 70 Grafico Nº9 Plan estratégico de sistemas de información 71 Grafico Nº10 Desarrollos de software propios 71 Grafico Nº11 Metodologías de desarrollo utilizan 72 Grafico Nº12 Herramientas de desarrollo que utilizan 73 Grafico Nº13 Numero de servidores 74 Grafico Nº14 Número de PCs 75 Grafico Nº15 Número de equipos de cómputo especializado 76 Grafico Nº16 Periodicidad de la renovación de equipos 77 Grafico Nº17 Número de productos software 78 Grafico Nº18 Cantidad de software libre 79 Grafico Nº19 Cantidad de software licenciado 80 Grafico Nº20 Cantidad de software desarrollado por la empresa 81 Grafico Nº21 Cantidad de software desarrollado por contratación externa 82 Grafico Nº22 Cantidad Software ofimático – Libre 83 Grafico Nº23 Cantidad Software ofimático - Licenciado 84 Grafico Nº24 Cantidad Software ofimático - Desarrollo propio 85 Grafico Nº25 Cantidad Software ofimático - Desarrollo contratado 85 Grafico Nº26 Cantidad Software de gestión admón. y financiera Libre 86 Grafico Nº27 Cantidad Software de gestión admón. y financiera Licenciado 87 Grafico Nº28 Cantidad Software de gestión admón. y financiera - Dllo propio 88 Grafico Nº29 Cantidad Software de gestión admón. y financiera Dllo contratado 89 Grafico Nº30 Cantidad Software Gestión especializado - Libre 90 Grafico Nº31 Cantidad Software Gestión especializado- Licenciado 91 Grafico Nº32 Cantidad Software Gestión especializado – Desarrollo propio 92 Grafico Nº33 Cantidad Software Gestión especializado – Desarrollo contratado 93 Grafico Nº34 Cantidad Software de servidores – Libre 94 Grafico Nº35 Cantidad Software de servidores – Licenciado 95 Grafico Nº36 Cantidad Software de servidores – Desarrollo propio 96 Grafico Nº37 Cantidad Software de servidores – Desarrollo contratado 97 Grafico Nº38 Cantidad Software de desarrollo – Libre 97 Grafico Nº39 Cantidad Software de desarrollo - Licenciado 98 Grafico Nº40 Cantidad Software de desarrollo - Desarrollo propio 98 Grafico Nº41 Cantidad Software de desarrollo – Desarrollo contratado 99 Grafico Nº42 Periodicidad del mantenimiento, actualización de software 99 Grafico Nº43 Periodicidad del mantenimiento, actualización o cambio de software de las empresas que contestaron OTRO 100 Grafico Nº44 Tipo de red interna 101 Grafico Nº45 En la empresa se maneja Cableado Certificado 102 Grafico Nº46 Números de puntos de red 103 Grafico Nº47 Numero de Access Point 104 Grafico Nº48 Cobertura de la red organizacional 105 Grafico Nº49 Periodicidad de la renovación de equipos 105 Grafico Nº50 Periodicidad de la renovación de equipos de las empresas que contestaron Otros 106 Grafico Nº51 Existe una política de seguridad informática 107 Grafico Nº52 Se conoce y se aplica las políticas de seguridad informática 108 Grafico Nº53 Existen mecanismo de auditoría informática 108 Grafico Nº54 Cuál es el mecanismo de comunicación interna 109 Grafico Nº55 Cuál es el mecanismo de comunicación externa 110 Grafico Nº56 Característica del sitio web corporativo 111 Grafico Nº57 Tipo de acceso a internet 111 Grafico Nº58 Ancho de banda del canal de Internet (Mbps) 112 Grafico Nº59 Proveedor 113 Grafico Nº60 Existe canal de respaldo 114 Grafico Nº61 la empresa tiene varias sedes, la comunicación 115 Grafico Nº62 Hardware 116 Grafico Nº63 Software 117 Grafico Nº64 Telecomunicaciones 118 LISTADO DE ANEXOS ANEXO A Instrumento de recolección de información 127 ANEXO B Empresas encuestadas 132 SÍNTESIS En la investigación se busca mostrar el estado actual de las empresas de la región en lo que se refiere al uso de tecnologías y las telecomunicaciones, como se están acogiendo a las nuevas tendencias y en qué forma las están aplicando en el progreso o evolución para ser competitivas en el mercado actual. Esta información se obtuvo mediante encuesta realizada a los gerentes o encargados del área tecnológica de la empresa, tales como directores de sistemas o personal capacitado en los temas que a esta respecta. Se utilizó para el estudio un muestreo por conveniencia donde participaron empresas de Risaralda, Caldas y Quindío, principalmente de las capitales o áreas metropolitanas. Los resultados presentados corresponden entonces a una tendencia, dado que no se utilizó un muestreo probabilístico que permitiera entregar unos resultados más confiables estadísticamente hablando, sin embargo dado el número de empresas que participaron y su importancia en el sector es un buen punto de partida para diagnosticar el nivel de uso y características de la tecnología existente en el Eje Cafetero. En el presente documento, el lector encontrará de una manera detallada el proceso que se realizó para la recolección de información a las empresas de la región con el fin de estar al tanto del estado actual en cuanto a tecnología, de las mismas. De igual manera se encuentra la descripción de los temas relacionados con las Tics de actualidad para conocer cuál es el estado del País y la región en cuanto a las nuevas tecnologías de sistemas y comunicaciones. DESCRIPTORES: Información, Región, Tecnología, Tendencias en Tecnología, Uso y Apropiación de Tecnologías, Telecomunicaciones, Software. 11 ABSTRACT In this research what we are looking for it is to show the current state of businesses in this region about the use of technologies and telecommunications, how they are receiving this technologies in his progress and evolution to be competitive in the actual market. This information was obtained through surveys of managers and people in charge from technology area, like systems directors or personnel capable about this theme. Was used to study a convenience sample were some businesses participated from Risaralda, Caldas and Quindío, specially the capitols or metropolitan areas. The results presented corresponding a tendency, because it is not a probability sampling that permits show completed results statistically speaking, however the number of companies that participated and his great influence in the sector it is a good starting point for diagnosing the level use and features about the existing technology in the Eje Cafetero In this document, the reader finds out a detailed process that was done to recollect information in the businesses of this region to be aware of current state about technology.
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