BROWNS PARK NATIONAL WILDLIFE REFUGE
Maybell, Colorado
ANNUAL NARRATIVE REPORT Calendar Year 1992
U.S. Department of the Interior Fish and Wildlife Service NATIONAL WILDLIFE REFUGE SYSTEM REVIEW AND APPROVALS
BROWNS PARK NATIONAL WILDLIFE REFUGE
Maybell, Colorado
ANNUAL NARRATIVE REPORT
Calendar Year 1992
Date 41'l1! > Date 4^ 4-/4 T I ^.a.. Regional Office App Date^ ^ INTRODUCTION
Browns Park National Wildlife Refuge is located in an isolated mountain valley in extreme northwestern Colorado. It lies along both sides of the Green River, entirely within Moffat County, 25 miles below Flaming Gorge Dam. It contains 13,455 acres of river bottomland and adjacent benchland. The Utah- Colorado state line delineates the western boundary and to the south it shares a mutual boundary with Dinosaur National Monument. The remainder of the refuge shares a mutual boundary with the Bureau of Land Management lands. The refuge is 53 miles northwest of Maybell, Colorado on State Highway 318, 50 miles northeast of Vernal, Utah over Diamond Mountain, and 95 miles south of Rock Springs, Wyoming via State Highway 430 or 70 miles via State Highway 191 and Clay Basin, Utah.
The primary purpose of Browns Park Refuge is to provide high quality nesting and migration habitat for the Great Basin Canada goose, ducks and other migratory birds. Before Flaming Gorge Dam was constructed in 1962, the Green River flooded annually, creating excellent waterfowl nesting, feeding and resting marshes in the backwater sloughs and old stream meanders. The dam stopped the flooding, eliminating much of this waterfowl habitat. Pumping from the Green River, along with water diverted from Beaver and Vermillion Creeks, now maintains nine marsh units comprising approximately 1,430 acres. The river covers approximately 1,000 acres along with sedimentary river bottomlands. Well vegetated grasslands interspersed with cottonwood, willows, salt cedar, greasewood and sage cover approximately 5,000 acres. The remainder of the refuge (6,000 acres) is alluvial benchlands and steep rocky mountain slopes. Elevations vary from 5,355 to 6,200 feet above sea level.
On August 20, 1963, the Migratory Bird Conservation Commission approved acquisition of Browns Park National Wildlife Refuge to develop and manage waterfowl habitat in that portion of Browns Park within the state of Colorado. The private land was purchased with funds from the Migratory Bird Hunting Stamp Act. On July 13, 1965, the first tract of private land was acquired. At this time, 5,356 acres have been purchased at a cost of $622,976, 6,794 acres have been withdrawn from public domain lands, and 1,305 acres are leased from the state of Colorado (state school sections). There is one private inholding on the refuge, a 200 acre tract of grassland and cottonwood groves located at the southeast end of the refuge. 1
INTRODUCTION
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page A. HIGHLIGHTS 1
B. CLIMATIC CONDITIONS 1
C. LAND ACQUISITION
1. Fee Title - Nothing to report 2. Easements - Nothing to report 3. Other - Nothing to report
D. PLANNING
1. Master Plan - Nothing to report 2• Management Plan ••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 3 3. Public Participation - Nothing to report 4. Compliance with Environmental and Cultural Resource ^^andates ••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 3 5. Research and Investigations - Nothing to report 6. Other - Nothing to report
E. ADMINISTRATION
1. Personnel 3 2. Youth Programs - Nothing to report 3. Other Manpower Programs - Nothing to report 4. Volunteer Programs 5 5. Funding 6 6. Safety 7 7. Technical Assistance - Nothing to report 8. Other items - Nothing to report
F. HABITAT MANAGEMENT
1. General 8 2. Wetlands 9 3. Forests 13 4. Croplands - Nothing to report 5. Grasslands 13 6. Other Habitat 13 7. Grazing 13 8. Haying - Nothing to report 2
9. Fire Management 15 10. Pest Control 17 11. Water Rights 18 12. Wilderness and Special Areas 18 13. WPA Easement Monitoring - Nothing to report
G. WILDLIFE
1. Wildlife Diversity 18 2. Endangered and/or Threatened Species 18 3. Waterfowl 19 4. Marsh and Water Birds 2 3 5. Shorebirds, Gulls, Terns and Allied Species 23 6. Raptors 2 3 7. Other Migratory Birds 24 8. Game Mammals 24 9. Marine Mammals - Nothing to report 10. Other Resident Wildlife 24 11. Fisheries Resources 25 12. Wildlife Propagation and Stocking 25 13. Surplus Animal Disposal - Nothing to report 14. Scientific Collections - Nothing to report 15. Animal Control 26 16. Marking and Banding 26 17. Disease Prevention and Control - Nothing to report ...
H. PUBLIC USE
1. General 27 2. Outdoor Classrooms - Students - Nothing to report .... 3. Outdoor Classrooms - Teachers - Nothing to report .... 4. Interpretive Foot Trails - Nothing to report 5. Interpretive Tour Routes 27 6. Interpretive Exhibits/Demonstrations 27 7. Other Interpretive Programs 28 8. Hunting 29 9. Fishing 3 0 10. Trapping - Nothing to report 11. Wildlife Observation 30 12. Other Wildlife Oriented Recreation 30 13. Camping - Nothing to report 14. Picnicking - Nothing to report 15. Off-Road Vehicling 30 16. Other Non-Wildlife Oriented Recreation 30 17. Law Enforcement 3 0 18. Cooperating Associations - Nothing to report 19. Concessions - Nothing to report 3
I. EQUIPMENT AND FACILITIES
1. New Construction 3 2 2. Rehabilitation 35 3. Major Maintenance - Nothing to report 4. Equipment Utilization and Replacement 36 5. Communications Systems - Nothing to report 6. Computer Systems 37 7. Energy Conservation 37 8. Other - Nothing to report
J. OTHER ITEMS
1. Cooperative Programs 37 2. Other Economic Uses - Nothing to report 3. Items of Interest 39 4. Credits 41
K. FEEDBACK
Nothing to report
L. INFORMATION PACKET
Inside back cover ANNUAL NARRATIVE REPORT BROWNS PARK NATIONAL WILDLIFE REFUGE
1992
A. HIGHLIGHTS
Refuge continues to receive Colorado Waterfowl Stamp funds for wetland projects (Section E.5).
Gravity feed ditches completed from Vermillion Creek to Grimes Marsh (Section F.2).
Refuge undergoes Operational and Administration Inspection (Section E.8).
Special Achievement Awards received by six staff members (Section E.1).
Assistant Manager Ted Ondler transferred to Chassahowitzka N.W.R. in Region 4 (E.l).
B. CLIMATIC CONDITIONS
Total precipitation for 1992 was 7.86", 1.04" less than 1991 and .60" less than the 16 year average of 8.46". The wettest month of the year was November with 1.11 inches of precipitation recorded and the driest month was January with .11" recorded. The coldest temperature for the year was on December 31st when the mercury dropped to minus 20 degrees Fahrenheit, while the highest temperature recorded for the year was on August 10th and 15th when the temperature reached 98 degrees Fahrenheit.
The refuge staff maintained two thermographs throughout most of the year. The purpose of this activity was to monitor water temperatures as related to flows in the Green River.
For the third consecutive year, an evaporation pan was monitored along with recording the regular weather data. The evaporation pan was set up in cooperation with the Colorado Division of Water Resources. This data will be used in various predictions, studies, and court proceedings that involve hydrologic evaluation of evaporation from reservoirs and evapotranspiration from irrigated lands. 2
The following table #1 provides the monthly high and low temperatures and the total precipitation for the month:
Month Hiah Low Precioitation Snowfall
January 55 F. -12 F. .11" February 63 F. 0 F. .23" .28" March 66 F 13 F. .51" April 83 F. 15 F. .65" May 85 F. 27 F. .89" June 95 F. 32 F. .64" July 96 F. 34 F. 1.05" August 98 F. 24 F. .74" September 86 F. 20 F. .48" October 88 F. 8 F. .85" November 60 F. -11 F. 1.11" December 48 F. -20 F. .32"
Total 6.14" 1.72"
The combined total of precipitation (rainfall & snowfall) was 7.86". This past year Browns Park fell short of the 20 year precipitation average (8.79"). Total precipitation each year for the past 12 years is shown in the following table #2:
Year Total Precipitation
1992 7.86' 1991 8.90' 1990 8.47' 1989 6.77' 1988 4.63* 1987 7.09* 1986 10.87' 1985 9.31' 1984 9.12' 1983 10.69' 1982 9.84' 1981 10.61'
Wildlife populations on the refuge are often weather related. A late "freeze-up" will often result in higher numbers of ducks on the refuge whereas an early "freeze-up" will result in the departure of migrating waterfowl. Wintering Mule deer and elk numbers are dependent on the amount of snowfall in the mountain areas adjacent to the refuge. A heavy snowfall at higher elevations will result in higher numbers of deer and elk on the refuge. During winters when there is light snowfall at the higher elevations, the elk and Mule deer tend to remain in the high country. 3
C. LAND ACQUISITION
Nothing to report.
D. PLANNING
2. Management Plan
The Hunt Plan was revised to include elk hunting on the refuge. Revision of the Fire Management Plan was initiated due to a multi-agency cooperative agreement signed last year.
4. Compliance with Environmental and Cultural Resource Mandates
An Environmental Assessment, FONSI, Section 7 Evaluation and Compatibility Determination were completed in support of opening the refuge to elk hunting.
Personnel from the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers' office, Grand Junction, Co. were on station to review permit requirements regarding dike extension projects on the Warren and Nelson marsh units. A Cultural Resources Review was also obtained.
E. ADMINISTRATION
1. Personnel
1. Jerre L. Gamble, Refuge Manager, GS-11. EOD 09/23/87, PFT.
2. Theodore D. Ondler, Assistant Refuge Manager. GS-09, EOD 01/12/88, Transferred 11/01/92, PFT.
3. Terry D. Kostinec, Refuge Clerk, GS-05, EOD 07/14/91, PFT.
4. Robert E. Harding, Maintenance Worker, WG-08, EOD 04/18/82, PFT.
5. Mac Rodgers, Maintenance Worker, WG-08, EOD 07/28/91, PFT.
6. John Cook, Range Technician, GS-05, Temporary Appointment 04/21/92-10/03/92.
7. Keith D. Madsen, Range Technician, GS-04, Temporary Appointment 04/20/92-10/03/92. 6 7 08/21/92 Photo #2 TDK 5
Assistant Manager Ondler transferred to Chassahowitzka N.W.R. in Region 4 effective 11/01/92.
Special Achievement Awards for performance of duties were received by: Gamble, Ondler, Kostinec, Rodgers. Cook and Madsen.
The table below displays personnel status of Browns Park N.W.R. during the past five fiscal years.
Table #3 PERMANENT TEMPORARY Full Part- Full Part- FTE time time time time Total FY 1993 5 0 2 0 6.0 FY 1992 5 0 2 0 6.0 FY 1991 5 0 2 0 6.0 FY 1990 4 1 2 1 6.3 FY 1989 4 1 1 1 5.2
4. Volunteer Program . Eight volunteers provided valuable assistance this past year.
Alice Rodgers cumulatively spent many hours recording daily weather data at the National Weather Service recording station located on the refuge.
Volunteers Rick & Sharon Wirick Photo #3 6
Rita Wolgram, Amy Pedersen, Rick & Sharon Wirick, Susan Chambers, Cliff Smith and Joe Kostinec contributed in a variety of activities involving maintenance, resource support, public use and administrative support.
Total volunteer activity hours were 1,680 for the year. A significant increase compared to last year when 65 hours were reported.
5. Funding
The following table #4 is a summary of funding levels by subactivity for the last five years:
FY ACTIVITY AMOUNT TOTAL
1993 1261 $89,000 $322,500 1262 100,000 1262 (MMS) 31,100 6860 5,000 8610 (w/carry over) 5,900 9110 1,000 9120 23,000 1971 67,500 Stamp sales funding
1992 1261 $110,000 $335,490 1262 100,000 1262 (MMS) 67,500 6860 5,000 8610 (w/carry over) 4,990 9110 1,000 9120 25,000 1971 22,000 Colorado Waterfowl Stamp sales fund.
1991 1261 $110,000 $427,387 1262 100,000 1262 (FLEX) 53,000 6860 5,000 8610 (w/carry over) 7,400 9110 500 9120 151,487
1990 1261 $110,000 $223,700 1262 100,000 6860 5,000 8610 (w/carry over) 8,500 9120 12,200 7
1989 1261 $110,000 $225,500 1262 69,000 1262 (FLEX) 30,000 6860 5,000 8610 (w/carry over) 11,500
6. Safety
Refuge Clerk Terry Kostinec served as station safety chairman. Mac Rodgers and Robert Harding were safety committee members.
Four station safety meetings were held during the year. Topics included the following: 1) Use of oxygen for C.P.R., an introduction to the safe operation of our new fire dozer for emergency wildfire purposes, ladder use and safety, electrical circuit/outlet safety, heat conservation, winter driving safety and preparedness and fire extinguisher inspections. 2) C.P.R. and standard first aid certifications for all staff members. 3) How to utilize emergency helicopter service. 4) Review of safe operation of station fire fighting equipment.
One accident report was filed during the year. Assistant Manager Ondlers' horse lost its footing while assisting a permittee moving cattle off refuge. The mishap resulted in a bruised shoulder for Ted, no injuries to the horse and no lost time for either.
The refuge staff completed annual hearing exams in Craig, Co. on January 3rd.
8. Other Items
An Operational and Administration Inspection was completed during June 9-11, 1992. Deputy Associate Manager Bob Nagel conducted the overview, Assistant Manager Mike Bryant from Seedskadee N.W.R. provided specific administrative review and Biologist Bill Haglan from C.M.R. reviewed biological programs. Several pertinent and helpful suggestions surfaced following individual reviews and subsequent reports. Refuge staff were impressed with the professional approach of a very comprehensive inspection. We also appreciate the relevant and useful recommendations resulting from the review. 8
F. HABITAT MANAGEMENT
1. General
The refuge consists of the following broad types of habitat:
Habitat Acres
Seasonally Flooded Basins or Flats 30 Shallow Fresh Marshes 1,035 Deep Fresh Marshes 355 Rivers and Streams 1,004 Native Grasslands 3,335 Grasslands - Introduced 180 Brush (Shrubs) 6,816 Rocky Outcroppings 500 Administrative Lands 200
TOTAL 13,455
Green River during high water releases. 05/20/92 Photo #4 JLG
Green River water levels were lower than normal throughout the year,except during the month of May. Discharges during a three week period in May were increased by the Bureau of Reclamation for the purpose of flooding backwater areas of the Green River to enhance spawning habitat for the endangered Colorado Sqauwfish. Decreased discharges during the balance of the year from Flaming Gorge Dam, located 25 miles upriver, were due to less than normal snowpack and subsequent run-off. Flaming Gorge Dam releases fluctuated from 700 cubic feet per second to 3,700 cfs in May, but only averaged about 800 cfs.
Continued loss of cottonwood trees along the Green River is due to substantially lower water levels in the river and the absence of seasonal flooding. The only cottonwood regeneration occurring is along ditches where water is pumped to maintain marshes, along tributaries (Beaver and Vermillion Creeks) of the Green River and along the river banks and islands of the Green River. An experimental project to cut pole size cottonwoods from an undetermined location and plant them down to the water table is planned for next year. The planting will be done during the dormant season. If successful, this may become a way to obtain some regeneration of cottonwoods where there would otherwise be none.
Flows in Beaver and Vermillion Creeks were near average until fall when both ceased to flow for several days due to drought conditions. While it is normal for Vermillion Creek to periodically "dry-up" during summer or fall drought, Beaver Creek has continued to flow since a brief drought during 1977.
2. Wetlands
Before the Flaming Gorge Dam was completed during the early 1960's, seasonal flooding of the bottomlands along the Green River created excellent waterfowl habitat. After the dam was completed, the flooding ceased, thus eliminating the natural wetland areas. Since the establishment of the refuge, pumping water from the Green River along with a diversion ditch from Beaver Creek, presently creates approximately 1,430 acres of marsh. There are currently nine separate marshes on the refuge.
Flynn and Hoy Marshes along with Hog Lake were maintained at prescribed water levels from early March through late November when freeze-up occurred.
Nelson and Warren Marshes were flooded from early March through late June, then allowed to dry in preparation for emergent vegetation control.
The Butch Cassidy Marsh remained at optimum water levels until mid-summer when flows in Beaver Creek diminished due to drought conditions.
Pumping of the Spitzie Marsh was initiated during early May following the construction of a new pump support structure. 10
The former lift pump support structure became deteriorated and was in need of replacement.
Pilings for new Spitzie pump site 03/15/92 Photo #5 TDK
Crane positioning vertical lift pump. 03/20/92 Photo #6 JLG
The Horseshoe Marsh was flooded from early March through May to provide shallow "pair water" for waterfowl during late 11 winter/ early spring and then allowed to dry. A small food plot (approximately 4 acres) featuring Japanese Millet was planted during late June. The plot was periodically flooded during the growing season with excellent plant growth resulting. However, an early frost in August prevented seed heads from fully developing. This is the second consecutive year an untimely frost prevented the millet crop from maturing resulting in very little waterfowl use. However, several moose were observed feeding on the lush growth. We were pleased that some critters benefited from our effort.
Gravity feed ditch #3 coming off of Vermillion Creek. 04/15/92 Photo #7 TDK
Following the excavation of three gravity feed ditches, water from Vermillion Creek was utilized to fill the Grimes Marsh. This project was a cooperative venture with the Colorado Division of Wildlife which provided funding from State waterfowl stamp sales. Water from the Green River was not pumped into the Grimes Marsh due to its inability to hold water. However, water diverted from Vermillion Creek carrying silt-laden material should make the marsh bottom less permeable. A considerable amount of silt has been deposited in the borrows/bottoms of the marsh following just one season of flooding, resulting in improved water retention. The marsh is expected to be fully utilized next year. Gravity feed water from Vermillion Creek will again be used to fill the marsh, supplemented as needed by pumping water from the Green River. This system should result in the most efficient way possible to maintain the marsh at optimum water levels.
Grimes Pool #3 with silty water delivered from Vermillion creek via gravity feed ditch #3. 04/20/92 Photo #9 TDK 13
3. Forests
Narrow and broad-leafed trees grow along Beaver and Vermillion Creeks. There are several groves of broad-leaf cottonwoods in the bottoms along the Green River. Since the establishment of Flaming Gorge Dam in the early 1960's, there has been less cottonwood regeneration due to the lack of seasonal river flooding. Care is taken to protect the existing trees and to encourage new tree growth. Beaver numbers are controlled where excessive tree damage occurs (See Section G.15).
5. Grasslands
Approximately 3,500 acres of refuge grasslands are located in river bottoms along the Green River, adjacent to marsh units and in meadows along Beaver Creek. Upland grass species are found on benchlands adjacent to and above the river and creek bottoms.
Allowing controlled winter grazing of cattle on refuge grasslands removes dead grass and improves cycling of nutrients and structural diversity. However, due to an increasing weed problem (primarily whitetop), livestock grazing during the growing season is being considered.
6. Other Habitat
Roadways and dikes were mowed to improve visibility for maintenance purposes and for benefit of visitors.
Approximately 6,000 acres of the refuge consist of alluvial benchlands and steep rocky mountain slopes.
7. Grazing
The grazing program is an integral part of the station Grassland Management Plan. In accordance with the goals and objectives for the refuge, grassland management endeavors will be to provide residual vegetation for nesting waterfowl, improve range conditions, and increase the ecological diversity of native grasses and forbs to provide suitable habitat for nesting migratory birds and resident wildlife.
The winter grazing plan implemented on December 1,1991 was continued through March 31,1992. The general location of refuge grazing units can be found on the refuge leaflet map (back cover of narrative). 14
Summary of 1991-92 Grazing Program
Grazing Units Unit Acreage AUMs* # of Cattle
Beaver Creek/Rye Grass 475 247 72 Butch Cassidy 478 166 41 Horseshoe 275 316 60 Allen 410 355 89 Grimes 630 193 48 Nelson 755 84 21 Hoy 1,240 88 31 Warren 295 84 21
Totals 4,558 1,533 383
* = Animal Unit Month
The grassland management plan provides for several different treatments to be used to meet grassland and wildlife objectives. The treatments include: 1) Three levels of winter grazing intensity applied on a total of 12 grazing units: a) moderate to heavy stocking rate on six units; b) light to moderate stocking rate on three units; c) no grazing on three units. 2) Prescribed burning scheduled for all grazing units. 3) Scheduled drawdowns of all marsh units adjacent to grassland areas.
AUM SUMMARY bv PERMITTEE
Grazing Permittee Period #AUMs AUM Rate Revenue
Wright Dickinson 12/01/91- 1,533 $7.40/AUM $11,344.2 03/31/92 (cattle)
Jerre L. Gamble 01/01/92- 41.5 $9.375/AUM $389.0 12/31/92 (horses)
Ted D. Ondler 01/01/92- 30.0 $9.375/AUM $281.2 12/31/92 (horses)
Robert E. Harding 01/01/92- 42.0 $9.375/AUM $393.7 09/30/92 (horses)
Base AUM Rate for 1991 was $7.40/AUM. Base AUM Rate for 1992 was $7.50/AUM. Each horse is counted as 1.25 AUMs. 15
The current level of cattle grazing on the refuge represents an approximate 35% reduction in AUMs from a ten year average of 2,400 AUMs. The reduction was initiated during the 1988-89 winter grazing season and was implemented over a three year period out of economic consideration for the permittee. This reduction was seen as necessary to improve residual cover for nesting waterfowl and to improve forage conditions for wintering elk.
An additional reduction in AUMs may be necessary to further improve nesting cover for waterfowl following further development of planned wetland projects.
Another potential change currently under consideration regarding the grazing program pertains to season of use. Due to a significant noxious weed problem, primarily whitetop, grazing during the growing season is being considered as an alternative to chemical use.
Currently, one permittee has all grazing privileges on the refuge. There has recently been a number of inquiries from other livestock operators regarding the availability of grazing opportunities. The conversion to competitive bids would provide equal opportunity for all prospective bidders. Since there has been a number of local livestock operators expressing interest in refuge grazing, dividing the available AUMs into packages is being considered. This would provide the opportunity for more than one applicant to utilize refuge forage. The proposed change would not take effect until the 1994-95 winter grazing period. The delay in implementation will allow the current permittee ample time to prepare a contingency plan if he is unsuccessful in the bidding process.
9. Fire Management
Fire funds again this year allowed for the hiring of two seasonal firefighters (Range Technicians). The term of appointment was mid-April through September. Their valuable assistance was much appreciated by refuge staff and the entire local fire fighting community involving several local and federal cooperating agencies. Browns Park N.W.R. is an active cooperator regarding an interagency fire agreement which includes both wildfire suppression and prescribed burns. Other participants in the agreement are: the Moffat County Sheriff's Department, National Park Service (Dinosaur National Monument), U.S. Forest Service (Routt National Forest) and the Bureau of Land Management.
A replacement 200 gallon slip-on pumper unit was purchased with fire funds in September. The unit replaces a 300 gallon model that exceeded Gross Vehicle Weight if fully loaded with 16 water. Another problem that was periodically experienced with the 300 gallon model was failure of the exhaust prime. The new pumper unit is equipped with a gravity prime which is a major improvement. It also is equipped with a foam metering and proportioning system.
During April, Refuge Volunteer and E.M.T. Rick Wirick conducted step tests for refuge staff. Three permanent staff and the two seasonal Range Technicians were red-carded. Two permanent staff members failed to pass following multiple attempts.
There was no prescribed burning on the refuge during the year.
The following is a summary of wildfires that our seasonal fire-fighters responded to. Several of the larger wildfires also involved permanent refuge staff.
Refuge personnel responded to a 15 acre escaped controlled burn on a Colorado Division of Wildlife hay meadow located adjacent to Beaver Creek.
Upon request, refuge staff monitored a lightning caused wildfire located within the adjacent Vernal, Utah B.L.M. District. The approximate one acre fire was in a "let-burn" area. It started on June 7th and burned itself out on June 8th.
Refuge Manager Gamble at Hoy Bottom fire. 07/07/92 Photo #10 TDK 17
On June 24th, the Craig B.L.M. District requested our assistance to suppress a small lightning caused wildfire in Davis Draw, located adjacent to our south boundary.
On June 29th and 30th, the Utah Division of Wildlife Resources requested our assistance to suppress a 0.5 acre lightning caused fire.
BLM dispatched the refuge fire crew on July 7th to a 0.5 acre fire and to a 1.5 acre fire on July 21.
On July 7th, a lightning strike caused a 20 acre fire within the refuges' Hoy Unit. Two heavy engine crews from the Craig BLM District assisted with suppression.
The BLM requested our assistance on five off refuge wildfires during the month of August.
10. Pest Control
Morman Crickets were seen again this year during late spring in most refuge units. Large numbers of crickets were observed on Diamond Mountain, located south of the refuge. Since the crickets tend to forage on much of the vegetation along their path, the BLM annually applies pesticides on the heaviest cricket concentrations. Nosema locustae. a biological agent applied in a bait formula, was also utilized on BLM land adjacent to the refuge. Fortunately, the crickets were not very numerous on the refuge, making control unnecessary. Various birds and fish were frequently observed feeding on them.
The following table illustrates pesticide use for noxious weed control.
Pesticide Target Acres Pounds of Name Species Treated AI or AE Cost 2, 4-D Amine R. Knapweed 21 63 $157.00 & Whitetop
Krenite Leafy Spurge 3 18 $280.00
Telar R. Knapweed 35 3.5 $1181.10 & Whitetop
Pesticides were used for spot treatment within the Beaver Creek meadow areas. Control ranged from between 65-90 percent. 18
11. Water Rights
Refuge and Colorado Division of Wildlife meadows adjacent to Beaver Creek were irrigated during alternate weeks in accordance with our water sharing agreement. The States' permittee honored all conditions of the agreement including the minimum instream flow requirement designed to protect the fishery.
12. Wilderness and Special Areas
There are four National Historical Sites registered in Moffat County, Colorado. Three of them are located on the refuge. One is the Two-Bar Ranch, winter headquarters of one of the largest cattle and sheep operations in the west during the late 1800's. It is protected from vandals and is being allowed to yield to the effects of nature without interference.
Lodore Hall, built in 1911, was the first district funded school in the area. It presently serves as the Community Hall for Browns Park residents. The Browns Hole Homemaker's Club has a Special Use Permit for the building and grounds with the stipulation that they maintain and repair the building as needed.
The third National Historic Site on the refuge is the White- Indian Contact Area which is believed to be the site of Fort Davy Crocket, an old fur trading post. The area was partially excavated by Scientific Applications in 1980, then re-covered by refuge personnel. Since then, it has been protected from further disturbance.
G. WILDLIFE
1. Wildlife Diversity
The rich mixture of habitat types ensures a diverse array of wildlife species. The physical topography lends itself to extensive habitat edge. Several broad habitat types can be found within the long narrow river corridor. Bottomland grasslands, freshwater wetlands, riverine islands, cottonwood groves, and extensive benchlands comprise the predominant habitat types.
2. Endangered and/or Threatened Species
Bald Eagles are commonly observed roosting near the Green River during the late fall and winter months. An average of 9-12 Bald Eagles winter on the refuge. 19
There were several sightings of Peregrine Falcons this past year. There is an active peregrine aerie near the Gates of Lodore on the Dinosaur National Monument (located adjacent to the refuge).
Without protection, the Colorado squawfish, humpback chub, bonytail chub, and razorback sucker may disappear from the Upper Colorado River Basin. These four species are classified as endangered under Colorado state law and federal law. The Colorado River Fisheries Project is monitoring the releases from Flaming Gorge Reservoir in order to better manage for these endangered fish species. During mid-May, the releases from Flaming Gorge were increased to create spawning habitat for the endangered Razorback Sucker and Colorado Squawfish. The Bureau of Reclamation expected the Yampa River (the Yampa River flows into the Green River) to peak during the second or third week in May and releases from Flaming Gorge were timed to match the Yampa peak. Flows from Flaming Gorge (Green River) were increased at a rate of 1,000 cfs per day to a maximum discharge of 4,700 cfs, and held there for one week. Flows were then reduced at a rate of 300-400 cfs per day to a base of 800 cfs. A target flow of 1100-1800 cfs was established for the gage at Jensen, Utah. When the combined flow of the Yampa and Green Rivers began to fall below the target flow, releases were increased to maintain the 1800 cfs target through September 15th. After September 15, flows from Flaming Gorge were decreased to 800 cfs to remain there throughout the winter for research purposes.
The River Otter is currently classified as endangered by the state of Colorado. During 1989 and 1990 the Utah Division of Wildlife Resources (UDWR) released several river otters on the Green River below Flaming Gorge Reservoir. Since that time, River Otters have been observed all along the Green River including the refuge.
3. Waterfowl
The 1992 duck breeding pair survey was conducted on May 6th. The survey included the Green River, Beaver Creek and all of the refuge marshes. Data was tabulated in the same manner as in past years using the modified Hammond's formula. For dabbling ducks: pairs, single drakes and groups of drakes numbering less than five were counted as pairs; for divers only pairs actually observed were counted as pairs. A total of 650 pair of dabblers and 195 pair of divers were counted.
Dabbler production was calculated by multiplying the total number of dabbler pairs by the average brood size (6.1) and then multiplying this product by the estimated dabbler survival rate (45 percent). Diver production was calculated by multiplying the total number of diver pairs by the average 20 brood size (6.3) and multiplying this product by the estimated diver survival rate (60 percent).
Production estimates from the 1992 breeding pair count were as follows:
Dabbler Pairs
Mallard 167 Pintail 15 Green-winged Teal 2 Blue-winged/ Cinnamon Teal 146 Northern Shoveler 95 American Widgeon 24 Gadwall 199
Total Dabbler Pairs 648
648 pairs x 6.1 (average brood size) = 3,953
3,953 x .45 (estimated dabbler survival rate) = 1778.85 (estimated dabbler production)
Diver Pairs
Redhead 65 Canvasback 3 Common Goldeneye Common Merganser 3 Ring-necked duck 70 Bufflehead 1 Ruddy duck 41 Lesser Scaup 12
Total Diver Pairs 195
195 pairs x 6.3 (average brood size) = 1,228.5
1,228.5 x .60 (estimated diver survival rate) = 737.1 (estimated diver production)
Estimated duck production (based on pair counts) showed a increase from the previous year. Total production of dabblers and divers was estimated at 2,516 ducks compared with 2,362 in 1991. 21
Table 11. Waterfowl Production for 1973 Through 1992
Year Geese Ducks Coots
1973 150 3,200 5,700 1974 150 3,275 2,000 1975 250 ( 69) 3,200 2,000 1976 150 ( 61) 3,100 500 1977 225 ( 75) 3,060 (1,001) 1,500 1978 290 ( 85) 2,450 ( 807) 4,300 1979 225 ( 73) 2,725 ( 953) 3,150 1980 170 ( 60) 2,855 ( 955) 2,280 1981 245 ( 72) 4,025 (1,391) 2,500 1982 264 ( 76) 4,318 (1,427) 2,600 1983 305 (106) 4,406 (2,491) 3 ,600 1984 296 (107) 4,112 (1,376) 2,330 1985 277 (145) 4,036 (1,396) 1,772 1986 334 (106) 6,382 (1,957) 3,000 1987 357 (151) 3,789 (1,027) 2,500 1988 336 ( 69) 2,475 ( 820) 1,900 1989 41 (128) 3,903 (1,288) 2,400 1990 180 ( 77) 2,253 ( 788) 1,500 1991 263 (109) 2,362 ( 760) 1,820 1992 206 ( 84) 2,516 ( 843) 2,180
Breeding pair counts in parenthesis.
Canada Goose nest on ledge above Green River. 04/20/92 Photo #11 TDK 22
The goose nesting survey was conducted on April 21 with subsequent nest rechecks on May 19-20. A total of 42 successful nests were observed. The average brood size was 5.29 goslings/brood. A total of 42 successful nests produced an estimated 222 goslings.
Refuge Clerk Kostinec marks nesting structures for better long term monitoring. 05\10\92 Photo #12 JLG
Predator management at Browns Park NWR was initiated as part of an effort to monitor and improve nest success. This is the third year that predator management was conducted on the refuge. Trapping efforts began on March 25th and were discontinued on May 31st. All trapping was done by refuge staff. Predator control was conducted on the Hoy Marsh, Hog Lake and Butch Cassidy marsh units. Baited wooden cubby sets with #220 conibear traps were employed to catch predators. The target species for the control program were raccoons and skunks. The total catch was four raccoons, all of which were removed from the Hoy marsh unit. A total of 21 traps were set on the three marsh units. Each trap was set an average of 65.0 trap nights. Total trap nights were 1,366.
Catching only four raccoons in 1,366 trap nights leads one to question the value or need for predator control on Browns Park NWR. Predator trapping will probably be discontinued on this station. 23
4. Marsh and Water Birds
There is an active Great Blue Heron rookery located on the eastern end of the refuge, along the Green River. The first heron was observed in early March. An estimated 20-30 young are produced annually.
White-faced Ibis commonly migrate through the area during late April. Approximately 60 birds were observed on Hoy and Warren marshes this spring. Flocks of White-faced Ibis are usually observed moving through the area during August during fall migration.
Migrating Sandhill Cranes were seen passing over the refuge during the spring and fall months. Flocks of cranes frequently stop-over for one/two days during their migrations.
On several occasions during the summer months, small flocks (10-12) of white pelicans were observed on the refuge marshes.
Other marsh and water birds sighted were: Western Grebe, Horned Grebe, Pied-billed Grebe, American Bittern, Snowy Egret and Sora Rail.
5. Shorebirds. Gulls. Terns, and Allied Species
Black-necked Stilts were occasionally sighted during the spring and summer months. Small numbers of American Avocets are usually present on the refuge throughout the summer months.
Wilson's Phalarope were abundant during early May. Other birds commonly observed were: Common Snipe, Lesser Yellowlegs, Black Terns, Marbled Godwit, Western Willet, Spotted Sandpiper, and Killdeer.
6. Raptors
Golden Eagles were most frequently observed during the winter months. They were observed year round and nested near the refuge.
Red-tailed hawks, American Kestrel, Merlin, Northern Harriers, and Great-horned Owls were observed during most months and are known to nest on the refuge. Rough-legged hawks were infrequently observed during the winter months. Cooper's, Sharp-shinned, Swainson's, and Ferruginous hawks were occasionally observed. 24
7. Other Migratory Birds
Mountain Bluebirds generally arrived in early March and departed around the first of October. Mountain Bluebirds annually nest on the refuge.
Common Nighthawks were often observed around the refuge residences during summer evenings.
Feeders at refuge residences hosted scores of Black-chinned, Broad-tailed and Rufous Hummingbirds.
8. Game Mammals
The refuge is a wintering area for Mule deer which migrate into the river valley from Cold Springs Mountain to the north and Diamond Mountain to the south. The number of deer wintering in Browns Park is dependent on snow depth at the higher elevations. The following is a summary of the aerial deer counts conducted on the refuge over the past three years.
Table #12 Number Number Number Total Deer Deer Antlered Deer North of South of Deer Date Counted River River Observed
01/04/90 244 187 57 * 2 02/05/90 428 355 73 * 0 12/08/90 208 143 65 8 01/03/91 350 166 184 * 7 02/02/91 330 165 165 * 3 01/10/92 448 274 174 12 02/11/92 289 201 88 * 6 12/02/92 253 169 84 14 *Bucks probably shed their antlers by this time.
Elk were commonly observed on the south side of the river during the winter months. Elk numbers ranged from 160-300 head (observed) during the aerial deer counts.
10. Other Resident Wildlife
There are three species of rabbits present on the refuge. A refuge visitor can expect to see Cottontail rabbits and both White-tailed and Black-tailed Jackrabbits. The coyote population on the refuge remains high. Porcupine, Badger, Raccoon and Striped Skunks were occasionally observed.
Beaver and small numbers of muskrats can be found in all refuge marshes as well as the Green River and Beaver Creek. 25
There is a small population of Sage Grouse on the refuge. They were most often observed in the Hoy unit and the Rye Grass meadow. There were no sightings of Chukar Partridge during the past year.
Six to ten Moose now commonly range throughout Browns Park during the summer months.
11. Fisheries Resources
The Green River, which flows through the center of the refuge, is a popular sport fishery. Brown, cutthroat and rainbow trout were the species most sought after. Carp, catfish and suckers are also present in the river.
Beaver Creek supports a Brook Trout fishery in the segment of the stream that flows through the refuge.
12. Wildlife Propagation and Stocking
On May 10th and 23rd, the Colorado Division of Wildlife stocked approximately 8,000 catchable size rainbow trout (9"- 12") in the Green River at five locations on the refuge.
Colorado Division of Wildlife stocking trout in Green River. 05/23/92 Photo #13 JLG 26
15. Animal Control
Several nuisance raccoons and skunks were removed in the vicinity of the duck banding trap sites. A small number of beaver that were plugging control structures or irrigation ditches were also removed.
16. Marking and Banding
Pre-season duck banding was conducted at Browns Park NWR from August 23rd through September 4th.
Four wetlands on the refuge were selected for trap sites. The sites selected included the following: Butch Cassidy marsh, Spitzie marsh and two locations on Flynn marsh. Salt plains duck traps were used at all sites (furnished by the CDOW). Whole kernel corn was used as bait.
Volunteer Amy Pedersen assisting with duck banding efforts. 09/30/92 Photo # 14 TDK
The first trap site on Flynn Marsh was abandoned after six trap nights due to evidence of heavy raccoon use in the area. Predator control efforts were successful with four raccoons removed from the area. However, this trap site was not reused. The 2nd trap on Flynn Marsh was relocated after the initial night due to unsatisfactory water levels. The trap sites at Butch Cassidy Marsh and Spitzie Marsh were very 27 successful and were used until the percentage of "re-traps" significantly exceeded the number of un-banded ducks.
Total mortality for the entire trapping period was nine mallard ducks. All mortality was due to exposure and trap related injuries. Total trap nights were 32. A total of 440 Mallard ducks, 1 Northern Pintail, 1 Wood duck, 1 Blue-winged Teal, 1 Redhead and 1 Cinnamon Teal were banded. See Table 13 for a breakdown of banded ducks according to age and sex:
Table -Age and Sex
Species AHY-M AHY-F HY-M HY-F Totals Mallard 188 109 67 76 440 Pintail 1 Wood Duck 1 Blue-winged Teal 1 Cinnamon Teal 1 Redhead 1 445
H. PUBLIC USE 1. General
Average annual refuge visitor use (over the past five years) was 9,850. A large number of refuge visitors travel from Craig, Colorado (85 miles) and the Steamboat Springs, Colorado area (140 miles) to recreate in Browns Park.
5. Interpretive Tour Routes
A graveled tour road begins at the Crook Campground near the east end of the refuge and parallels the Green River for most of its seven mile length. The west end of the tour road is just north of the Swinging Bridge which is a local landmark. There are several interpretive signs and "Overlook Sites" above the marshes. Refuge leaflets, available in boxes along the route, were utilized by an estimated 2,275 visitors.
6. Interpretive Exhibits/Demonstrations
The refuge continues to maintain an exhibit at the Craig Chamber of Commerce Visitor Center. The refuge exhibit, which is a series of photographs and captions, was put together in 1990. The refuge exhibit compliments photo exhibits put together by the U.S. Forest Service, U.S. Bureau of Land Management, Dinosaur National Monument-National Park Service and the Colorado Division of Wildlife. In addition to the exhibit inside the visitor center, the agency logo is 28 displayed on the visitor center sign which is located on State Highway 40 in Craig, Colorado. Refuge leaflets are provided to the visitor center for distribution to the public.
7. Other Interpretive Programs
As a result of our remote location, the opportunity to provide interpretive programs occurs infrequently. On April 23rd and 24th, Manager Gamble led a trail ride for 35 members of the Hole-in-the-Wall Horse Club from Craig Colorado up Beaver Creek Canyon onto Cold Springs Mountain and Choke Cherry Draw on Diamond Mountain.
Range Technician, Keith Madsen made a fireside presentation to a group of rafters from the International Wilderness and Parks Management Short Course on August 28th.
Refuge Clerk Terry Kostinec and volunteer Amy Pedersen staffed the Fish and Wildlife Service booth at the State Fair in Pueblo, Colorado on August 28th and 29th.
Refuge Volunteer Amy Pedersen and Refuge Clerk Terry Kostinec staff the U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service booth and the Colorado State Fair. 08/29/92 Photo #15 29
8. Hunting
Hunting is permitted on the refuge under State and Federal regulations. Mule deer and cottontail rabbits may be hunted in all areas except those so-posted. Ducks, coots and geese may be hunted within the confines of the Green River channel and on Hog Lake and Butch Cassidy pond.
Archery deer season was August 29- September 27 (either sex). Muzzleloading rifle season was September 12-20. There were very few hunters during either season. No animals (Mule deer) were harvested on the refuge during either season.
The refuge is included within two separate state big game management units. The north side of the Green River is included in unit 201 and south side of the Green River is included in unit 1.
There were three separate rifle deer seasons again this year: October 10-14 (Buck deer Oct 10-12); October 17-28 (Buck deer Oct. 17-19); and October 31- November 8 (Buck deer Oct. 31- Nov. 2). Either sex Mule deer licenses for Unit 1 were subject to a limited draw and buck licenses were available over the counter. Mule deer licenses for Unit 201 were available through a limited draw.
During the first rifle deer season there were only a total of six hunters. No deer were harvested during the first season. During the second season there were approximately 10 hunters and a total of 4 antlerless and one buck deer harvested. During the 3rd rifle season there were approximately 41 hunters and a total of 12 antlerless and 9 antlered deer harvested.
Cottontail rabbit season was from September 1, 1992 until February 28, 1993. There is a daily bag limit of 10 and a possession limit of 20. Few people travel to Browns Park just to hunt rabbits. Rabbit hunting usually occurs in conjunction with deer or waterfowl hunting trips.
The Browns Park NWR is within the Pacific Flyway. The goose season was split into two segments. The first season was from October 3-16 and the second season was from October 24- January 10, 1993. The daily bag limit was two geese and the possession limit was four geese. The first goose season a total of 4 goose hunters bagged 4 Canada geese. The second season had approximately 34 hunters come up with 17 geese.
The duck season was divided into three split seasons. The first season was from October 3-15: the second season was November 7-29: and the third was from December 12- January 3, 1993. The daily bag limit was as follows: Four ducks with 30 further restrictions as to species and sex. No more than 3 Mallards of which no more than 1 can be a hen Mallard, no more than 1 Pintail, and no more than 2 Canvasbacks or 2 Redheads or 1 Canvasback and 1 Redhead in combination. The possession limit is 2 legal daily bag limits. In addition to the daily bag limit of ducks, the daily bag and possession limit for coots is 25 birds.
9. Fishing
Approximately 1,985 refuge visitors spent an estimated 7,540 hours fishing this past year. The most common fish species in the creel were Rainbow, Cutthroat and Brown trout. Channel Catfish were occasionally caught incidental to trout fishing. Beaver Creek provides a Brook trout fishery.
11. Wildlife Observation
The vast majority of the refuge visitors are here to hunt or fish. Wildlife observation is a fringe benefit of those activities. However, every once in a while there is the occasional visitor who travels to the park to go "birding" or to just observe and photograph wildlife.
12. Other Wildlife Oriented Recreation
An estimated 2,050 people visited the refuge spending approximately 21,500 hours camping, boating and rafting.
15. Off-Road Vehicling
No violations were written this past year for off-road vehicle use. The terrain on the refuge is very fragile. Off-road use of three and four-wheeled ATV's has left permanent scarring of the landscape at several locations. Whenever a refuge visitor is observed with three or four wheelers, it has become a standard practice to explain where they can be used.
16. Other Non-wildlife Oriented Recreation
Most refuge camping visits were related to hunting and fishing ventures. An exception to this was the Memorial and Labor Day weekends when many of the campers were here to attend dances at the Lodore Hall. Each year the Browns Hole Homemaker's Club hosts several dances at the Lodore Hall.
17. Law Enforcement
Refuge law enforcement was low-key but highly visible. Special enforcement patrols were conducted on the weekends during the deer and waterfowl seasons. 31
There were six citations written in 1992. A summary of the violations is as follows:
Number of Month Violations Violation Court Disposition
October Hunting in closed Federal $150 fine area.
October Failure to retain State $68.50 fine/ evidence of sex of 5 points migratory birds against license
November Unplugged shotgun State $68.00 fine/ 5 points against license
November Hunting waterfowl State $68.00 fine/ without state 10 points hunting license against license
One incident of vandalism took place during the summer at the Crook Campground. Vandals damaged a restroom door by rock throwing.
Gamble, Ondler and maintenance worker Harding attended a law enforcement coordination meeting and completed semi-annual firearms qualifications on 7/29 & 30 at Glenwood Springs, CO.
Refuge Manager Gamble served as a firearms instructor for Refuge Officer In-Service training at Marana, Arizona from 1/20- 2/2.
Refuge Officers Harding and Ondler attended In-Service training at Marana, Arizona on 1/20- 1/27 and 1/27- 2/2 respectively.
Refuge Manager Gamble participated in the 1-80 roadblock at Wendover, Utah during the week of October 3rd. 32
I. EQUIPMENT AND FACILITIES
1. New Construction
During March and April, three gravity feed ditches from Vermillion Creek to the Grimes unit were constructed. A track excavator was borrowed from Ouray NWR for work on this project.
During May, a vehicle approach ramp was developed and a concrete pad poured for wheel chair access at the Swinging Bridge Campground restroom facilities.
Range Technician, John Cook, constructed animal enclosures from surplus materials at two of the refuge residences.
Refuge staff constructed a firebreak and a fence around the historic Two-Bar Ranch winter headquarters as well as other historic homesteads.
Dirt work started in December on the Rye Grass wetland creation project.
Grimes Marsh Unit looking north, the three gravity feed ditches can be seen coming off of Vermillion creek. 12/05/92 Photo #16 TDK Vehicle approach ramp for easier handicap access to restroom at Swinging Bridge Campground. 05/20/92 Photo #17 JLG
Handicap accessible restroom with concrete pad at Crook campground. 08/02/92 Photo #18 JLG Old Homestead in Beaver Creek Bottoms. Several of these sites where fenced to protect them from livestock. 08/15/92 Photo #19 JLG
Pushin' dirt on Rye Grass Wetland Development. 11/10/92 Photo #20 JLG 35
2. Rehabilitation
The relocation of the Spitzie marsh pump site was completed during April.
New bearings were installed on the Crissofulli pump and it was given a new coat of paint. The pump and a diesel engine are now on loan to the Utah Division of Wildlife Resources.
The refuge office, shop buildings, residences and public use facilities were all stained during the summer.
The Nelson and Horseshoe lift pumps and electric motors were taken in for repairs. Following routine repairs, they will be installed on new support structures.
Two 1,000 gallon above ground fuel storage tanks were delivered and set up in November, replacing the old underground storage tanks that were removed earlier in the summer.
Removing old underground fuel storage tanks. 08/20/92 Photo #21 TDK Placing the new above ground fuel tanks on cement pads. 11/09/92 Photo #22 JLG
4. Equipment Utilization and Replacement
Manager Gamble sporting the new air boat that will be used for waterfowl surveys and river pump maintenance. 04/02/92 TDK 37
A new Panther airboat was acquired by the refuge during March. The airboat has been used for servicing goose nesting structures, waterfowl census and daily pump maintenance.
A Case 1550 dozer was delivered to the refuge on May 4th. The dozer was purchased with fire funds.
A ping pong table was donated to the Correctional Alternative Placement Program in Craig, Colorado.
Two antiquated airboats were returned to Bear River Migratory Bird Refuge. They had been stored at Browns Park NWR since Bear River was flooded by Salt Lake.
A log splitter was purchased in September. Wood heat is used to supplement electricity in the shop and in refuge residences.
6. Computer Systems
On 8/17 a new Gateway 486 computer and LaserJet printer was delivered to the refuge. Upgrades in computer software were also purchased with RO funds.
7. Energy Conservation
The three staff members living on the east end of the refuge continued to car pool to save on fuel consumption.
We continued to use the woodstove in the shop to minimize the use of electricity for the forced-air heating system.
J. OTHER ITEMS
1. Cooperative Programs
A weather station was maintained at the refuge sub- headquarters where daily temperatures, precipitation and evaporation were recorded in cooperation with the National Weather Service.
The refuge has a cooperative agreement with the National Park Service, Dinosaur National Monument, to provide mutual aid in the areas of law enforcement and fire fighting. A common boundary is shared with the Park Service on the southeast side of the refuge. 38
The refuge also has a cooperative fire-fighting agreement with the Bureau of Land Management (BLM). We share a common boundary with the BLM on the north and south sides of the refuge.
Sign displaying cooperating fire fighting agencies at the Craig CO. BLM fire dispatch center. 08/20/92 Photo# 24
During October- December of 1992, the refuge provided logistical support for a Rocky Mountain Bighorn Sheep study in Beaver Creek canyon. During this time frame employees of Dinosaur National Monument (NPS) and volunteers observed and recorded sheep behavior and pre-baited the area with apple mash to facilitate capture at a later date.
On 1/16 Refuge Manger Gamble assisted the NPS and the Colorado Division of Wildlife. Manager Gamble packed the capture net into the capture site via horseback and helped set up the capture net.
On 1/20, several refuge staff members participated in the Bighorn Sheep capture. Many employees of the CDOW and the NPS as well as a veterinarian were on hand to handle the sheep. The sheep which were lured to the bait site with apple mash, were captured with a large drop net. The nine captured sheep (5 rams and 4 ewes) were subjected to many indignities before being released. Samples were taken both fore and aft, blood and tissue samples extracted, horn measurements and photos were taken and radio collars were attached to all of the 39 sheep.
3. Items of Interest
Refuge Clerk Terry Kostinec attended Aviation Safety Training which was conducted in Denver, CO on 1/14.
Refuge Clerk Terry Kostinec attended the New Employee Orientation program in Denver during the week of 1/26.
Managers Gamble and Ondler and Refuge Clerk Kostinec attended credit card and budget tracking training sessions on 2/3-4 in Denver, CO.
Refuge Manager Gamble met with BLM, NFS and the Moffat County Sheriff's office regarding the cooperative fire fighting agreement on 2/7 in Craig, CO.
Managers Gamble and Ondler attended the project leaders meeting in Salt Lake City, Utah from 2/18- 22. The meeting included 16 hours of Workforce Diversity Training.
Manager Gamble served as Chairman of the Moffat County Weed Board throughout the year.
504 Handicap Accessibility review of stations facilities, 03/18/92 Photo # 25 TDK 40
On 03/18/92 Refuge Manager Gamble and Asst. Manager Ondler along with assistance from Ron Garcia, Asst. Manager from Ouray NWR conducted a 504 Handicap Accessibility review of the stations facilities. Wayne Rockwell, a paraplegic from Vernal Utah assisted the review team.
Refuge Manager Gamble attended Fire Management for Line Officers in Tallahassee, Florida from 3/23-26.
Throughout the year Refuge Manager Gamble and other representatives of land management agencies met with Moffat County Commissioners in Craig, CO.
Throughout the year, Refuge Manager Gamble participated on the Coordinated Resource Management Committee (CRM). CRM consists of a group of private land owners, public land managers and resource users who work together to resolve issues of national and local concern. CRM also develops and implements management plans for major resource areas.
Assistant Refuge Manager Ondler attended a public meeting on the evening of 4/30 in Dutch John, Utah. The purpose of the meeting was to discuss the proposed releases from Flaming Gorge Dam. The proposed releases were designed to benefit the endangered fish species in the Green River. The meeting was chaired by the Bureau of Reclamation and the USFWS.
Mr. Nicholas Mezei, U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Grand Junction, Colorado was on station on 5/19. The purpose of his visit was to review permit requirements for dike extensions on the Warren and Nelson marsh units.
Assistant Refuge Manager Ondler presented the revenue sharing check to the Moffat County Commissioners on 6/22.
On 7/7, Assistant Refuge Manager Ondler attended a presentation by the staff of St. Mary's Air Life which is headquartered in Grand Junction, CO.
Ranger Dan Moses, Dinosaur National Monument (NFS) conducted first aid and CPR training for refuge staff on 7/8.
Assistant Refuge Manager Ondler met with other representatives of the USFWS and Ashley National Forest to discuss proposed wetland development projects adjacent to Flaming Gorge Reservoir. The meeting was held in Manilla, Utah.
Mr. John W. Hayne, Ph.D with Argonne National Laboratory was at the refuge on 7/27. The purpose of his visit was to discuss the range of flows released from the Flaming Gorge dam and the associated impacts on the refuge. Argonne is writing an EIS for a range of releases from the dam. 4. Credits
Jerre Gamble wrote the Introduction, Sections A, B, C, D, E and F. Ted Ondler wrote Sections G, H, I, and J. Manager Gamble and Refuge Clerk Terry Kostinec edited the report. Terry Kostinec typed, and assembled the report.
Hog Lake, the Green River and Diamond Mountain: A Peaceful Setting 09/10/92 JLG BROWNS PARK NATIONAL WILDLIFE REFUGE
GENERAL REFUGE REGULATIONS • Motor vehicles are allowed only on roads. Closed roads are marked with signs. • Parking is permitted along roadways. Please do not block roads or gates. • Pets must be leashed or closely supervised. • Plants and animals are protected. Do not remove or molest them. • Please use trash barrels or take litter out with you. • Boating is permitted on the Green River. • Camping is allowed only in the Swinging Bridge and Crook Campgrounds. • Fires are permitted only in camp areas. • Firearms must be unloaded and cased on the Refuge except during authorized hunting seasons. • No target or indiscriminate shooting. • Please contact a refuge officer if you have questions on regulations or on other activities.
U.S. FISH AND WILDLIFE SERVICE Department of the Interior
RF6-65571-1 GPO 834-584 Reprinted 1991 THf i HISTORY Browns Park National Wildlife Refuge lies on The sheltered valley and abundant wildlife of the Green River in the far north-western corner the Green River lured Indians and fur trappers. of Colorado, between the Utah-Colorado stateline "Browns Flole," as it was then called, was a and Dinosaur National Monument. The Refuge favored winter rendezvous as far back as 1826. is managed by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service By the ISOO's, Butch Cassidy and other cattle as a nesting and resting area for migratory rustlers used this remote area to rest and hide their waterfowl. stolen herds. Browns Park was the winter In pristine times, annual flooding of the Green headquarters for some of the larger livestock River maintained the wet meadows preferred by operations in the West, including Ora Haley's Two nesting waterfowl. Flaming Gorge Dam now Bar Ranch. prevents this flooding. Consequently, Refuge personnel now pump water from the river to maintain approximately 6,000 acres of developed Lodore School National Historical Site - U.S.F.W.S. photo - Jim Creasy. waterfowl habitat. Two-Bar Ranch National Historical Site - U.S.F.W.S. This semiarid region receives less than 10 photo - Jim Creasy. inches of precipitation annually. Ducks, geese, and other water birds travel hundreds of miles to utilize this unique habitat.
Spitzie Marsh - U.S.F.W.S. photo - J.L. Sellers.
i, WILDLIFE ENJOYING BROWNS PARK Mallards, redheads, teal, canvasbacks, other Hikers, sightseers, and photographers are ducks, and Great Basin Canada geese nest on welcome year round. A graveled tour road the Refuge. About 300 goslings and 2,500 provides ample opportunities to view wildlife and ducklings are hatched annually and production wildlife habitat. should increase when more habitat is developed. The waterfowl population swells by thousands Primitive camping facilities are provided at during the spring and fall migrations. Wading Swinging Bridge and Crook Campgrounds. This birds, shore birds, song birds, and a variety of is remote country. Maybell, Colorado, and Vernal, hawks and eagles also use the Refuge during Utah, are 50 miles away and Dutch John, Utah, various seasons. is 40 miles. The Browns Park Store is within 5 miles Resident species include mule deer, antelope, of the Refuge. chukar partridge, and sage grouse. Elk and bighorn sheep occasionally visit the Refuge. Hunting and fishing are allowed on the Refuge under State and Federal regulations. Deer and cottontails may be hunted in all areas except those posted, 'Area Closed." Ducks, coots,and geese may be hunted within the Green River channel, Hog Lake, and Butch Cassidy Bottoms.
Left: Canada Goose - U.S.F.W.S. photo - Rex Gary Schmidt. Pronghorn Antelope - U.S.F.W.S. photo - Jim Creasy. Below: Cattle Crossing Swinging Bridge - U.S.F.W.S. photo - Jim Creasy. BROWNS PARK NATIONAL WILDLIFE REFUGE 1318 HIGHWAY 318 MAYBELL, COLORADO 81640 (303) 365-3613 REFUGE HEADQUARTERS NEAREST REGULARLY AVAILABLE SERVICES: BROWNS PARK STORE WITHIN 5 MILES OF REFUGE
LODORE HALL NATL HISTORIC SITE
TO MAYBELL 50 Ml.
COLORADO 318 to LEGEND U.S. 40
COLORADO DIV. OF WILDLIFE AREA
REFUGE RESIDENCES
PRIVATE PROPERTY
DINOSAUR • • • TOUR ROAD NATIONAL MONUMENT