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Proterozoic Orogenic Magmatism Within the Western Gneiss Region, Sunnfjord, Norway

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Proterozoic Orogenic Magmatism Within the Western Gneiss Region, Sunnfjord, Norway Proterozoic orogenic magmatism within the Western Gneiss Region, Sunnfjord, Norway ØYVIND SKÅR, HARALD FURNES & STEFAN CLAESSON Skår, Ø., Furnes, H. & Claesson, S.: Proterozoic orogenic magmatism within the Western Gneiss Region, Sunnfjord, Norway. Norsk Geologisk Tidsskrift, Vol. 74, pp. 114-126. Oslo 1994. ISSN 0029-196X. The Askvoll group, in the westernmost part of the Western Gneiss Region, Norway, is a sequence of mylonitic and phyllonitic schists that houses metagabbroic to granitic rocks, of which the former predominate. It comprises three tectonostratigraphic units. The highest Sandvika Unit consists of phyllonites, quartz schists, marble and fragments of tholeiitic, MORB-type metagabbro. The Vikanes Unit is dominated by epidote-actinolite mylonites and minor amounts of felsic schists and phyllonites, hosting abundant lenses of calc-alkaline metagabbros and subordinate granodiorites, quartz diorites and granites. A quartz diorite has yielded a U/Pb-zircon age of 1640.5 ± 2.3 Ma, and is interpreted to date the calc-alkaline magmatism. The chemical composition of the epidote-actinolite mylonites is very similar to that of the calc-alkaline metagabbros. The Kumble Unit at the bottom contains felsic schists and garnet-amphibole mica schists with lenses of garnet-amphibolite. The calc-alkaline metagabbros and associated differentiates in the Vikanes Unit represent are magmatism. The epidote-actinolite mylonites are genetically related to the gabbros. On the basis of the geochemical characteristics, it is proposed that the heterogeneous Askvoll group was formed by subduction-related are magmatism. The igneous rocks of the Askvoll group correlate well with time coeval rocks in southwestern Sweden and southern Norway. These were formed during the Gothian/Kongsbergian/Labradorian orogeny ( 1700-1500 Ma) when subduction-related magmatism occurred along the margins of present Fennoscandia and northeastern Laurentia. Ø. Skår & H. Furnes, Geologisk Institutt, A/legt. 4/, N -5007 Bergen, Norway; S. Claesson, Laboratorietfor isotopgeo/ogi, Naturhistoriska riksmuseet, Box 50007, S-10405 Stockholm, Sweden. Introduction Porphyry Belt (Tucker et al. 1990). The next tectonother­ mal episode occurred between 1250 and 9 50 Ma ago The Precambrian crust in Norway, Sweden and Finland (Late Proterozoic), when various igneous rocks were shows a pattern of younging towards the southwest (Fig. intruded. During the Ca1edonian orogenesis the rocks lA). The Southwest Scandinavian Domain comprises were structurally and metamorphic reworked, with eclo­ southwestern Sweden, and southern and western Norway gite facies metamorphism around 420-41 O Ma, and sub­ (Fig. lA). It consists predominantly of various gneisses sequent amphibolite facies metamorphism around 400- ranging in age from -1 750 Ma to 830 Ma (Fig. lB), 390 Ma (Griffin 1987). amongst these the main part was formed during the The origin, age, and tectonostratigraphic appurtenance Gothian/Kongsbergian orogeny (Demaiffe & Michot of the Askvoll group in the WGR (Fig. 2A, cf. Skjerlie 1985; Kullerud et al. 1986; Padget 1990; Tucker et al. 1969) have long been controversial. Skjerlie interpreted 1990; Park et al. 1991). the Askvoll gro up to be metasupracrustal rocks of Lower The Precambrian basement in South Norway (Fig. Palaeozoic age, a view shared by Furnes et al. ( 1976), lA) consists of migmatites, various Gothian/Kongsber­ who, however, redefined the extent of the Askvoll group gian ortho- and paragneisses, and Sveconorwegian syn­ to the area as indicated in the present paper. Skjerlie & to post-kinematic intrusions (Gorbatschev 1985). The Pringle ( 1978) included the Askvoll group in the 'Vevring Western Gneiss Region (WGR) comprises the western­ Comp1ex' (which is part of the Sunnfjord nappe of most part of the South Norwegian Precambrian ( Gor­ Precambrian age) that was considered to have been batschev 1985; Milnes & Koestler 1985; cf. Fig. lA). thrusted onto the rest of the WGR during the Sveconor­ According to Kullerud et al. ( 1986), three main tec­ wegian orogeny. Swensson & Andersen (1991) inter­ tonothermal episodes can be recognized in the WGR. preted parts of the Askvoll group to be allochthonous The protoliths of paragneisses, followed by ortho­ rocks emp1aced during the Caledonian orogeny. They gneisses, are the oldest rocks. They were formed between relate the mylonitic character of the rocks of the Askvoll 1750 and 1450 Ma (Middle Proterozoic), during the group to extensional deformation in the post-Caledonian main ernst-formingevent. It must be commented that the Kvamshesten Detachment Zone, which the Askvoll paragneisses are all dated by Rb-Sr whole rock ages with group is a part of (Swensson & Andersen 1991; Sæbø considerable uncertainty. In the north central part of the Hveding 1992). WGR U-Pb dating has shown that the major crust The aim of this article is to find, with the help of formation was in the time interval of 1686 to 1653 Ma, geochemistry, the platetectonic setting of the igneous which is correlative with the Transscandinavian Granite- rocks of the Askvoll group, and a precise U-Pb age of NORSK GEOLOGISK TIDSSKRIFT 74 (1994) Proterozoic orogenic magmatism, W. Gneiss Region liS A Units of the Baltic Shield B Time scale for the Baltic and Laurentian Shields N1 300km SOUTHWEST­ SCANDINAVIAN DOMAIN CJ Southwest Scandi Domain �@� Transscandinavian Granite-P01phyry Belt ARCHEAN - Rapakivi granites DOMAIN c::=J Svecofennian Domain . t - � � Archean Domain Fig. l. A. Map (simplified after Gorbatschev 1985) showing the distribution of Precambrian and Ca1edonian rocks of the Ba1tic Shie1d. Subdivisions after Gaå1 & Gorbatschev (1987). B. Geo1ogica1 time-sca1e for the Precambrian rocks and orogenic events of the Ba1tic and Laurentian Shie1ds. Numbers refer to the following references: l. P1umb (1991); 2. Gower (1990); 3. Gaå1 & Gorbatschev (1987); 4. Stramer (1991); 5. Åhiill et al. (1990). the rocks enables us to discuss the relationship between (Fig. 2A), Bryhni (1966, 1989) and Skjerlie & Pringle this part of the WGR and the rest of the Southwest ( 1978) distinguished several complexes and groups. In Scandinavian Domain. simple outline this part of the WGR can be subdivided into (l) the Askvoll group, (2) the Fjordane comp/ex of paragneisses associated with augengneisses, amphibolites, eclogites and meta-anorthosites, and (3) the Jostedal Geology, petrography and age complex of migmatitic orthogneisses (Fig. 2A). The rocks in the Sunnfjord Region (Fig. 2A) have been The Askvoll group was subdivided by Swensson & subdivided into three tectonostratigraphic units (Brekke Andersen (1991) into the Gjervika, Vikanes and Kumle & Solberg 1987; Andersen et al. 1990). The uppermost Units. This subdivision is largely similar to the one used of these units comprises the Late Ordovician Solund­ here. However, we have renamed the Gjervika Unit as Stavfjorden ophiolite complex and its cover of meta­ the Sandvika Unit, because of its larger extent than that sedimentary and metavolcanic rocks (Furnes et al. of the original Gjervika Unit (Fig. 2B). In descending 1990). The middle unit is composed of various syenitic to order the Askvoll gro up comprises: (l) The Sandvika charnockitic orthogneisses, granites and gabbros Unit dominated by phyllonites, quartz schists, marble (Kolderup 1921), overlain by pre-Silurian and Silurian and a few metagabbroic lenses. (2) The Vikanes Unit is metasediments (Brekke & Solberg 1987; Andersen et al. the largest of the three, and is dominated by epidote-acti­ 1990). The upper and middle tectonic units are separated nolite mylonites. Throughout this unit occur abundant by an obduction melange related to the emplacement of metagabbro and minor bodies of granodiorite, granite the Ordovician ophiolite complex (Andersen et al. 1990; and quartz diorite. Felsic schists are most frequent in the Alsaker & Furnes 1994). lower part of the unit. The boundary between the Sand­ The lower tectonic unit comprises the Proterozoic vika and the Vikanes Units is gradational, and represents rocks of the WGR (Fig. 2A). In the Sunnfjord Region a change from dominantly quartz-rich schists to chlorite- 116 Ø. Skår et al. NORSK GEOLOGISK TIDSSKRIFT 74 (I994) lO km A � Caledonian nappes L:.....:.__,__J and Devonian sediments Lower tectonic unit: Western Gneiss Region (WGR) - Askvoll group li!':I::::·::jFj��:�!� ��!!� with augen gneiss, amphibolite, eclogite andmeta-anortho site � Jostedal Complex: Sognefjord � Migmatitic orthogneisses B + + + olm al LEGEND Q Paleozoic allochthonous rocks _._ Dalsfiord Fault - Sandvika Unit Askvoll Western � VikanesUnit L:...:...:J Group Gneiss DALSFJORD - KumleUnit Region 2km (WGR) � Para- and orthogneisses c TECTONOSTRATIGRAPHY OF THE ASKVOLL GROUP D Phyllonites I Il l � l Tholeiitic metagabbro � Quartz schists , I::J}:j:j::j:j] Epidote-actinolite mylonites al Calc-alkaline metagabbro \ \ \ Felsic schists \ C M Phyllonites Felsic schists Gamet-amphibole mica schists with lenses of amphibolite Fig. 2. A. Simplified map of the Pa1aeozoic and Proterozoic rocks of the Sunnfjord area (from Swensson & Andersen 1991). B. Simplified map of the Askvoll group. C. Simp1ified 1itho1ogica1/tectonostratigraphic sections (l and Il) through the Askvoll group. Locations of sections are shown in Fig. 28. At the 1ower right of the sections, their thicknesses ( 500 m and 1500 m) are indicated. NORSK GEOLOGISK TIDSSKRIFT 74 (1994) Proterozoic orogenic magmatism, W. Gneiss Region 117 actinolite mylonites. (3) The tectono-stratigraphically quartz, set in a matrix
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