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Archaeological Literature Review and Field Inspection

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Archaeological Literature Review and Field Inspection Final Archaeological Literature Review and Field Inspection Report for the Pu‘unēnē Mill Master Plan Project Wailuku Ahupua‘a, Wailuku District, Maui, TMKs: [2] 3-8-006:001 por., 002 por., 004 por., 011, 020, 037, 050, 066, 070, 081, 082, 083 por., 085 por., 092, & 099 por. Prepared for Alexander & Baldwin, LLC Prepared by Trevor M. Yucha, B.S., Jay Rapoza, B.A., Josephine M. Yucha, M.S., and Hallett H. Hammatt, Ph.D. Cultural Surveys Hawai‘i, Inc. Wailuku, Hawai‘i Job Code: WAILUKU 80 May 2021 O‘ahu Office Maui Office P.O. Box 1114 1860 Main St. Kailua, Hawai‘i 96734 www.culturalsurveys.com Wailuku, Hawai‘i 96793 Ph.: (808) 262-9972 Ph.: (808) 242-9882 Fax: (808) 262-4950 Fax: (808) 244-1994 Cultural Surveys Hawai‘i Job Code: WAILUKU 80 Management Summary Management Summary Reference Archaeological Literature Review and Field Inspection Report for the Pu‘unēnē Mill Master Plan Project, Wailuku Ahupua‘a, Wailuku District, Maui, TMKs: [2] 3-8-006:001 por., 002 por., 004 por., 011, 020, 037, 050, 066, 070, 081, 082, 083 por., 085 por., 092, & 099 por. (Yucha et al. 2021) Date May 2021 Project Number Cultural Surveys Hawai‘i, Inc. (CSH) Job Code: WAILUKU 80 Investigation CSH completed the fieldwork component of this study under Permit Number archaeological fieldwork permit number 21-10, issued by the Hawai‘i State Historic Preservation Division (SHPD) per Hawai‘i Administrative Rules (HAR) §13-13-282. Agencies N/A Land Jurisdiction Private, Alexander & Baldwin, LLC (A&B) Project Location The project area includes the Pu‘unēnē Mill and surrounding lands that were historically associated with the mill. The project area is bounded by S. Pu‘unēnē Road to the west and E. Camp 5 Road to the south. The project area extends just beyond Hansen Road to the north and just beyond Spanish Road to the east. The project is depicted on a portion of the 1997 Wailuku and 1997 Paia USGS 7.5-minute topographic quadrangles. Project The proposed project was still being developed at the time of this Description study. Project Acreage The project area is 142.90 acres (57.83 hectares). Document Purpose This investigation was designed—through detailed historical, cultural, and archaeological background research and a field inspection of the project area—to determine the likelihood that historic properties may be affected by the project, and, based on findings, consider cultural resource management recommendations. This document is intended to facilitate the project’s planning and support the project’s historic preservation and environmental review compliance. This investigation does not fulfill the requirements of an archaeological inventory survey (AIS) investigation, per HAR §13-13-276. Consequently, this report cannot be used to make formal recommendations for SHPD review and acceptance. Fieldwork Effort Fieldwork was conducted between 1 and 5 February 2021 by CSH archaeologists Jennifer Frey, B.A., Jay Rapoza, B.A., Trevor Yucha, B.S., Noelani Hessler, B.A., and CSH principal investigator Josephine Yucha, M.S., under the general supervision of principal investigator, Hallett H. Hammatt Ph.D. This work required approximately 6 person-days to complete. LRFI for the Pu‘unēnē Mill Master Plan Project i TMKs: [2] 3-8-006 various parcels Cultural Surveys Hawai‘i Job Code: WAILUKU 80 Management Summary Results Summary CSH identified four previously documented historic properties within the project area: • SIHP # 50-50-04-1508, the Spreckels/Waihe‘e Ditch Complex • SIHP # 50-50-05-3112, a remnant portion of the Kahului Railroad • SIHP # 50-50-05-6628, remnants of the former alignment of Hansen Road • SIHP # 50-50-05-6629, an earthen ditch CSH identified 17 previously unrecorded historic structures or structural remnants within the project area (CSH 1 through CSH 17) that include remnants related to the Pu‘unēnē Mill, Pu‘unēnē Camp, Alabama Camp, and Spanish Road. Overall, these remnants were interpreted as being related to industrial use, transportation, habitation, water control, recreation, maintenance, and boundaries. The age of construction of these remnants spans from as early as 1879 to post-1940s, with the majority of remnants dated to near the construction of Pu‘unēnē Mill at the turn of the century. CSH notes that additional structural remnants or deposits associated within these former places may be present beneath the surface of the project area. Recommendations Consultation with the SHPD Archaeology Branch and SHPD Architecture Branch is recommended for any future project that involves ground disturbance or potential impacts to the standing architecture and remnants that are located within the project area. CSH anticipates that the SHPD will require an AIS to document the historic properties located on the surface of the project area and potentially to include subsurface testing in the areas proposed for project-related ground disturbance. If future survey is required, then ground penetrating radar (GPR) may be useful in areas where subsurface structural remnants are anticipated. LRFI for the Pu‘unēnē Mill Master Plan Project ii TMKs: [2] 3-8-006 various parcels Cultural Surveys Hawai‘i Job Code: WAILUKU 80 Table of Contents Management Summary ............................................................................................................ i Section 1 Introduction ............................................................................................................. 1 Project Background ....................................................................................................................... 1 Document Purpose ......................................................................................................................... 1 Environmental Setting ................................................................................................................... 5 1.3.1 Natural Environment............................................................................................................... 5 1.3.2 Built Environment................................................................................................................... 7 Section 2 Methods .................................................................................................................... 8 Field Methods ................................................................................................................................ 8 2.1.1 Pedestrian Survey ................................................................................................................... 8 2.1.2 GPS Data Collection ............................................................................................................... 8 2.1.3 Recordation ............................................................................................................................. 8 Research Methods .......................................................................................................................... 8 Section 3 Background Research ............................................................................................. 9 Traditional and Historical Background .......................................................................................... 9 3.1.1 Mythological and Traditional Accounts ................................................................................. 9 3.1.2 2.1.2 Place Names ................................................................................................................. 10 3.1.3 2.1.3 Habitation and Subsistence .......................................................................................... 11 3.1.4 Heiau ..................................................................................................................................... 15 3.1.5 Politics and Warfare.............................................................................................................. 16 3.1.6 Early Historic Period ............................................................................................................ 17 3.1.7 The Māhele and the Kuleana Act ......................................................................................... 20 3.1.8 Mid- to Late 1800s ................................................................................................................ 22 3.1.9 2.1.9 Early to Mid-1900s ...................................................................................................... 25 3.1.10 World War II ....................................................................................................................... 35 3.1.11 Post-World War II into the Modern Era ............................................................................. 40 Previous Archaeological Research .............................................................................................. 46 3.2.1 Early Studies ......................................................................................................................... 46 3.2.2 Fredericksen and Fredericksen (1988) .................................................................................. 46 3.2.3 Fredericksen and Fredericksen (1989) .................................................................................. 51 3.2.4 Sinoto and Pantaleo (1992) ................................................................................................... 51 3.2.5 Burgett and Spear (1997) ...................................................................................................... 51 3.2.6 Shefcheck
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