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Select by Class: Insecta/Sort By: Taxon Collection Of

03/23/2010 (ACPR05) 20:30:21 Collection Of John Hunter www.Accumulatus.com Select By Class: Insecta/Sort By: Taxon Page 1 Specimen Acquired Status Genus & Species Type Entry Collected Phylum Order Class Family 0000026/Praying Mantis 05/12/2008 On Loan Stagmomantis carolina Dry PN 03/08/2009 05/12/2008 Arthropoda Dictyoptera Insecta Mantidae 0000008/Cicada 04/28/2008 In Collection * UnKnown * UnKnown Dry PN 02/22/2009 04/28/2008 Arthropoda Hemiptera Insecta Cicadidae 0000024/Velvet Ant 05/12/2008 On Loan Dasymutilla occidentalis Dry PN 03/08/2009 05/12/2008 Arthropoda Hymenoptera Insecta Mutillidae 0000042/Butterfly 05/18/2008 In Collection Colias philodice Dry PN 03/14/2009 05/18/2008 Arthropoda Lepidoptera Insecta Coliadinae 0000046/Butterfly 05/18/2008 In Collection Danaus plexippus Dry PN 03/14/2009 05/18/2008 Arthropoda Lepidoptera Insecta Danainae 0000041/Butterfly 05/18/2008 On Loan Speyeria cybele Dry PN 03/14/2009 05/18/2008 Arthropoda Lepidoptera Insecta Heliconiinae 0000044/Moth 05/18/2008 In Collection Lymantria dispar Dry PN 03/14/2009 05/18/2008 Arthropoda Lepidoptera Insecta Lymantriidae 0000039/Moth 05/18/2008 On Loan Hemaris thysbe Dry PN 03/14/2009 05/18/2008 Arthropoda Lepidoptera Insecta Macromphaliina 0000038/Butterfly 05/18/2008 On Loan Junonia coenia Dry PN 03/14/2009 05/18/2008 Arthropoda Lepidoptera Insecta Nymphalinae 0000045/Butterfly 05/18/2008 In Collection Vanessa atalanta Dry PN 03/14/2009 05/18/2008 Arthropoda Lepidoptera Insecta Nymphalinae 0000009/Butterfly 04/28/2008 In Collection * UnKnown * UnKnown Dry PN 02/22/2009 04/28/2008 Arthropoda Lepidoptera Insecta Papilionidae 0000037/Butterfly 05/18/2008 In Collection Eurytides marcellus Dry PN 03/14/2009 05/18/2008 Arthropoda Lepidoptera Insecta Papilioninae 0000036/Butterfly 05/18/2008 In Collection Papilio glaucus Dry PN 03/14/2009 05/18/2008 Arthropoda Lepidoptera Insecta Papilioninae 0000040/Butterfly 05/18/2008 In Collection Papilio glaucus Dry PN 03/14/2009 05/18/2008 Arthropoda Lepidoptera Insecta Papilioninae 0000043/Butterfly 05/18/2008 In Collection Papilio polyxenes Dry PN 03/14/2009 05/18/2008 Arthropoda Lepidoptera Insecta Papilioninae 0000029/Moth 05/14/2008 On Loan * UnKnown * UnKnown Dry PN 03/10/2009 05/14/2008 Arthropoda Lepidoptera Insecta Saturniidae 0000035/Moth 05/18/2008 On Loan Eacles imperialis Dry PN 03/14/2009 05/18/2008 Arthropoda Lepidoptera Insecta Saturniidae 0000025/Mantisfly 05/12/2008 On Loan Zeugomantispa minuta Dry PN 03/08/2009 05/12/2008 Arthropoda Neuroptera Insecta Mantispinae 0000022/Dragonfly 05/11/2008 On Loan Erythemis simplicicollis Dry PN 03/07/2009 05/11/2008 Arthropoda Odonata Insecta Libellulidae 0000027/Stick Insect 05/14/2008 On Loan * UnKnown * UnKnown Dry PN 03/10/2009 05/14/2008 Arthropoda Phasmatodea Insecta Phasmatidae * Count: 20.

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Functional Morphology of the Raptorial Forelegs in Mantispa Styriaca (Insecta: Neuroptera)
Zoomorphology https://doi.org/10.1007/s00435-021-00524-6 ORIGINAL PAPER Functional morphology of the raptorial forelegs in Mantispa styriaca (Insecta: Neuroptera) Sebastian Büsse1 · Fabian Bäumler1 · Stanislav N. Gorb1 Received: 14 September 2020 / Revised: 26 March 2021 / Accepted: 30 March 2021 © The Author(s) 2021 Abstract The insect leg is a multifunctional device, varying tremendously in form and function within Insecta: from a common walking leg, to burrowing, swimming or jumping devices, up to spinning apparatuses or tools for prey capturing. Raptorial forelegs, as predatory striking and grasping devices, represent a prominent example for convergent evolution within insects showing strong morphological and behavioural adaptations for a lifestyle as an ambush predator. However, apart from praying mantises (Mantodea)—the most prominent example of this lifestyle—the knowledge on morphology, anatomy, and the functionality of insect raptorial forelegs, in general, is scarce. Here, we show a detailed morphological description of raptorial forelegs of Mantispa styriaca (Neuroptera), including musculature and the material composition in their cuticle; further, we will discuss the mechanism of the predatory strike. We could confrm all 15 muscles previously described for mantis lacewings, regarding extrinsic and intrinsic musculature, expanding it for one important new muscle—M24c. Combining the information from all of our results, we were able to identify a possible catapult mechanism (latch-mediated spring actuation system) as a driving force of the predatory strike, never proposed for mantis lacewings before. Our results lead to a better understand- ing of the biomechanical aspects of the predatory strike in Mantispidae. This study further represents a starting point for a comprehensive biomechanical investigation of the convergently evolved raptorial forelegs in insects.
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Neuroptera: Mantispidae)
Zootaxa 4450 (5): 501–549 ISSN 1175-5326 (print edition) http://www.mapress.com/j/zt/ Article ZOOTAXA Copyright © 2018 Magnolia Press ISSN 1175-5334 (online edition) https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4450.5.1 http://zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:1CE24D40-39D3-40BF-A1A0-2D0C15DCEDE3 A revision of and keys to the genera of the Mantispinae of the Oriental and Palearctic regions (Neuroptera: Mantispidae) LOUWRENS P. SNYMAN1,2,4, CATHERINE L. SOLE2 & MICHAEL OHL3 1Department of Tropical and Veterinary Diseases, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, 0110, South Africa 2Department of Zoology and Entomology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, 0002, South Africa. E-mail: [email protected] 3Museum für Naturkunde, Invalidenstr. 43, 10115 Berlin, Germany. E-mail: [email protected] 4Corresponding author. E-mail: [email protected] Table of contents Abstract . 501 Introduction . 502 Material and methods . 502 Results and discussion . 504 Generic treatments . 505 Section I: Asperala, Austroclimaciella, Campanacella, Euclimacia, Eumantispa, Mimetispa, Nampista, Stenomantispa and Tuberonotha 505 Genus Asperala Lambkin . 505 Genus Austroclimaciella Handschin . 505 Genus Campanacella Handschin . 508 Genus Euclimacia Enderlein . 510 Genus Eumantispa Okamoto . 511 Genus Mimetispa Handschin . 512 Genus Nampista Navás . 512 Genus Stenomantispa Stitz . 512 Genus Tuberonotha Handschin . 515 Section II: Austromantispa, Necyla (=Orientispa) and Xaviera . 516 Genus Austromantispa Esben-Petersen . 517 Genus Necyla Navás . 518 Genus Xaviera Lambkin . 519 Section III: Mantispa and Mantispilla (= Sagittalata + Perlamantispa) . 519 Genus Mantispa Illiger in Kugelann . 521 Genus Mantispilla Enderlein . 522 Acknowledgements . 524 References . 524 Appendix . 526 References: catalogue section . 546 Abstract The Mantispinae (Neuroptera: Mantispidae) genera of the Oriental and Palearctic regions are revised.
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On Afromantispa and Mantispa (Insecta
A peer-reviewed open-access journal ZooKeys 523: 89–97On (2015) Afromantispa and Mantispa (Insecta, Neuroptera, Mantispidae)... 89 doi: 10.3897/zookeys.523.6068 RESEARCH ARTICLE http://zookeys.pensoft.net Launched to accelerate biodiversity research On Afromantispa and Mantispa (Insecta, Neuroptera, Mantispidae): elucidating generic boundaries Louwtjie P. Snyman1, Catherine L. Sole1, Michael Ohl2 1 Department of Zoology and Entomology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0002, South Africa 2 Museum für Naturkunde Berlin, Invalidenstr. 43, 10115 Berlin, Germany Corresponding author: Louwtjie P. Snyman ([email protected]) Academic editor: S. Winterton | Received 29 May 2015 | Accepted 31 August 2015 | Published 28 September 2015 http://zoobank.org/E51B6B90-D249-41BA-AFD7-38DC51A619B5 Citation: Snyman LP, Sole CL, Ohl M (2015) On Afromantispa and Mantispa (Insecta, Neuroptera, Mantispidae): elucidating generic boundaries. ZooKeys 523: 89–97. doi: 10.3897/zookeys.523.6068 Abstract The genus Afromantispa Snyman & Ohl, 2012 was recently synonymised with Mantispa Illiger, 1798 by Monserrat (2014). Here morphological evidence is presented in support of restoring the genus Afromantispa stat. rev. to its previous status as a valid and morphologically distinct genus. Twelve new combinations (comb. n.) are proposed as species of Afromantispa including three new synonyms. Keywords Mantispidae, Afromantispa, Mantispa, Afrotropics, Palearctic Introduction Mantispidae (Leach, 1815) is a small cosmopolitan family in the very diverse order Neuroptera. The former is characterised by an elongated prothorax, elongated procoxa protruding from the anterior pronotal margin and conspicuous raptorial forelegs. Re- cently, one of the genera, Mantispa Illiger, 1798 has been the focus of taxonomic studies (Snyman et al. 2012; Monserrat 2014). Mantispa was originally described by Illiger (1978) and quickly became the most speciose genus with a cosmopolitan distribution.
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Lacewings (Insecta:Neuropter) of The
LACEWINGS(INSECTA:NEUROPTERA) OFTHECOLUMBIARIVERBASIN PREPAREDBY: DR.JAMESB.JOHNSON 1995 INTERIORCOLUMBIABASIN ECOSYSTEMMANAGEMENTPR~JECT CONTRACT#43-OEOO-4-9222 Lacewings (Insecta: Neuroptera) of the Columbia River Basin Taxonomy’ As defined for most of this century, the Order Neuroptera included three suborders: Megaloptera Raphidioptera (= Raphidioidea) and Planipennia. Within the last few years each of the suborders has been given ordinal rank due to a reconsideration of insect classification based on cladistic or phylogenetic analyses. This has given rise to the Orders Megaloptera, Raphidioptera and Neuroptera sem strict0 (s.s., = in the narrow sense), as opposed to the Neuroptera senrrr Iato (s.l., = in the broad sense) as defined above. In this more recent classification Neuroptera S.S. = Planipennia, and the three currently recognized orders are grouped as the Neuropterida (Table 1). The Neuropterida include approximately 2 1 families and 4500 species in the world (Aspock, et al. 1980). Of these, 15 families and about 370 species occur in America north of Mexico (Penny et al., in prep.). The fauna of the Columbia River Basin is currently known to include 13 f&es and approximately 33 genera and 92 species (Table 2). These numbers are 1ikeIy to change because the regional fauna is not extensively studied. There are approximately 20 species of Neuroptera that occur in adjacent regions that are likely to occur in the Columbia River Basin. Some species almost certainly remain to be discovered, like the recently described Chrysopiella brevisetosa (Adams and Garland 198 1) and the unnamed Lomamyia sp. These species were recognized on traditional anatomical bases. Newer techniques may reveal additional taxa e.g.
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Neuroptera: Mantispidae)
Zootaxa 4450 (5): 501–549 ISSN 1175-5326 (print edition) http://www.mapress.com/j/zt/ Article ZOOTAXA Copyright © 2018 Magnolia Press ISSN 1175-5334 (online edition) https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4450.5.1 http://zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:1CE24D40-39D3-40BF-A1A0-2D0C15DCEDE3 A revision of and keys to the genera of the Mantispinae of the Oriental and Palearctic regions (Neuroptera: Mantispidae) LOUWRENS P. SNYMAN1,2,4, CATHERINE L. SOLE2 & MICHAEL OHL3 1Department of Tropical and Veterinary Diseases, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, 0110, South Africa 2Department of Zoology and Entomology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, 0002, South Africa. E-mail: [email protected] 3Museum für Naturkunde, Invalidenstr. 43, 10115 Berlin, Germany. E-mail: [email protected] 4Corresponding author. E-mail: [email protected] Table of contents Abstract . 501 Introduction . 502 Material and methods . 502 Results and discussion . 504 Generic treatments . 505 Section I: Asperala, Austroclimaciella, Campanacella, Euclimacia, Eumantispa, Mimetispa, Nampista, Stenomantispa and Tuberonotha 505 Genus Asperala Lambkin . 505 Genus Austroclimaciella Handschin . 505 Genus Campanacella Handschin . 508 Genus Euclimacia Enderlein . 510 Genus Eumantispa Okamoto . 511 Genus Mimetispa Handschin . 512 Genus Nampista Navás . 512 Genus Stenomantispa Stitz . 512 Genus Tuberonotha Handschin . 515 Section II: Austromantispa, Necyla (=Orientispa) and Xaviera . 516 Genus Austromantispa Esben-Petersen . 517 Genus Necyla Navás . 518 Genus Xaviera Lambkin . 519 Section III: Mantispa and Mantispilla (= Sagittalata + Perlamantispa) . 519 Genus Mantispa Illiger in Kugelann . 521 Genus Mantispilla Enderlein . 522 Acknowledgements . 524 References . 524 Appendix . 526 References: catalogue section . 546 Abstract The Mantispinae (Neuroptera: Mantispidae) genera of the Oriental and Palearctic regions are revised.
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Mantidflies from Egypt with a Redescription of Afromantispa Nana
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Owlfly (Ascaloptynx Appendiculata)
A JOURNAL DEVOTED TO THE NATURAL HISTORY OF VIRGINIA Owlfly (Ascaloptynx appendiculata) Owlflies are rarely seen members of the primitive insect order Neuroptera. The first summary of the Virginia representatives of this group and the closely related order Megaloptera appears on pages 3-47 of this issue. Number 45 ISSN 1066-0712 2015 Banisteria, Number 45, pages 3-47 © 2015 Virginia Natural History Society Annotated Checklist of the Neuropterida of Virginia (Arthropoda: Insecta) Oliver S. Flint, Jr. Department of Entomology National Museum of Natural History Smithsonian Institution Washington, DC 20013-7012 ABSTRACT The superorder Neuropterida is represented in Virginia by the orders Neuroptera (lacewings, dustywings, antlions, owlflies, mantisflies, and allies) and Megaloptera (dobsonflies, fishflies, and alderflies). The counties and/or cities in the state from which each species is known are listed, with full data provided when there are very few collections. Detailed range maps are provided for most species and the Virginia flight season of each species is reported. In the Neuroptera, nine families, 35 genera, and 71 species are recorded from Virginia. Of these, 18 species appear to be new state records: Ululodes macleayana, Chrysoperla downesi, Kymachrysa intacta, Leucochrysa (Nodita) callota, Helicoconis walshi, Hemerobius pacificus (accidental), H. pinidumus, H. simulans, H. stigmaterus, Megalomus angulatus, Climaciella brunnea, Dichromantispa sayi, Leptomantispa pulchella, Brachynemurus nebulosus, B. signatus, Chaetoleon pumilis, Glenurus gratus, and Sisyra apicalis. In the Megaloptera, two families, six genera, and 18 species are listed. Two of these species are new state records: Neohermes matheri and Protosialis glabella. Some of these new records represent significant range extensions. Key words: Neuroptera, Megaloptera, distribution, Virginia, new state records.
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Contribution to the Knowledge of the Neuroptera of the Oriental Region of Morocco
15 December 2019 Neuroptera of the Oriental region of Morocco Contribution to the knowledge of the Neuroptera of the Oriental region of Morocco Bruno Michel1 & Alexandre François2 1 Cirad, CBGP (INRA, Cirad, IRD, Montpellier SupAgro, Univ. Montpellier), Montpellier, France; [email protected] 2 Emirates Centre for Wildlife Propagation (ECWP), Missour, Morocco; [email protected] Received 3rd October 2018; revised and accepted 13th August 2019 Abstract. Captures of Neuroptera were performed in the Oriental region of Morocco, carried out mainly in August using a light trap to inventory the neuropterous insects of the region. Dur- ing this survey, we recorded 38 species of Myrmeleontidae, four species of Ascalaphidae, three species of Chrysopidae, and one species of Mantispidae, of Hemerobiidae and of Nemopteridae, respectively. Introduction In Morocco, the Emirate Centre for Wildlife Propagation (ECWP) designs and imple- ments an overall conservation strategy aiming to restore and preserve the native popu- lations of the Houbara Bustard, Chlamydotis undulata (Jacquin, 1784), of North Africa. To achieve this goal, the ECWP has implemented multi-disciplinary research in areas varied as physiology, nutrition, veterinary medicine and ecology in the Oriental (north- eastern) region of Morocco where the bustard’s populations are found. The Oriental region is delimited to the East by the border with Algeria, to the West by the Middle Atlas and to the South by the High Atlas (Fig. 1). It consists of a high plateau located at an average altitude of 1 000 to 1 200 m above sea level [a.s.l.]. Temperatures can fall to between -4°C and -9°C in winter (January–February), and rise to 44°C in summer (July–August).
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Neuroptera, Mantispidae)
Hoffman, K. M . and J. R. Brushwein . 1989 . Species of spiders (Araneae) associated with the immature stages of Mantispa pulchella (Neuroptera, Mantispidae) . J . Arachnol ., 17 :7-14 . SPECIES OF SPIDERS (ARANEAE) ASSOCIATED WITH THE IMMATURE STAGES OF MANTISPA PULCHELLA (NEUROPTERA, MANTISPIDAE) Kevin M . Hoffman Department of Entomology Clemson University Clemson, South Carolina 29634-0365 USA and Jeffrey R . Brushwein University of Florida, IFAS Citrus Research and Education Center 700 Experiment Station Road Lake Alfred, Florida 33850-2299 USA ABSTRACT Species of spiders associated with the immature stages of Mantispa pulchella (Banks) are presented for the first time . Twenty species in 15 genera from the families Philodromidae, Anyphaenidae, Oxyopidae, Thomisidae, and Salticidae harbored immature stages of M. pulchella in South Carolina. Some characteristics of the life history of M. pulchella are analyzed and compared with those of other North American species of Mantispinae . The cosmopolitan family Mantispidae was recently divided into the subfamilies Symphrasinae, Drepanicinae, Calomantispinae, and Mantispinae (Lambkin 1986) . Little is known about the life histories of the first three subfamilies . Several species of the Symphrasinae have been associated with nests of aculeate Hymenoptera as well as with pupae of Noctuidae and Scarabaeidae (Parker and Stange 1965), and one species of the Drepanicinae has been associated with a spider egg sac (Austin 1985) . Natural history of the Calomantispinae remains unknown, although MacLeod and Redborg (1982) suggested, based on laboratory rearings, that larvae of the Symphrasinae and Calomantispinae were generalist predators of sedentary arthropod prey . In contrast, adult Mantispinae have been reared exclusively from spider egg sacs (Redborg and MacLeod 1985 ; Brushwein 1986) .
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Uncorrected Proofs
Insect Systematics & Evolution (2020) DOI 10.1163/1876312X-bja10002 brill.com/ise Review A review of the biology and biogeography of Mantispidae (Neuroptera) Louwrens Pieter Snymana,b,d,*, Michael Ohlc, Christian Walter Werner Pirka and Catherine Lynne Solea aDepartment of Zoology and Entomology, University of Pretoria, Lynnwood road, Hatfield, Pretoria, 0002, South Africa bDepartment of Veterinary Tropical Diseases, University of Pretoria, Soutpan road, Onderstepoort, Pretoria, South Africa, 0110 cMuseum für Naturkunde, Invalidenstraße. 43, 10115 Berlin, Germany dCurrent address: Durban Natural Science Museum, Durban, South Africa *Corresponding author, e-mail: [email protected] Abstract Adult Mantispidae are general predators of arthropods equipped with raptorial forelegs. The three larval instars display varying degrees of hypermetamorphic ontogeny. The larval stages exhibit a remarkable life history ranging from specialised predators of nest-building hymenopteran larvae and pupa, to specialised predators of spider-eggs, to possible generalist predators of immature insects. Noteworthy advances in our understanding of the biology of Mantispidae has come to light over the past two decades which are compiled and addressed in this review. All interactions of mantispids with other arthropods are tabled and their biology critically discussed and compared to the current classification of the taxon. Additionally, the ambigous systematics within Mantispidae and between Mantispidae and its sister groups, Rhachiberothi- dae and Berotidae, is reviewed. Considering the biology, systematics, distribution of higher taxonomic levels and the fossil record, the historical biogeography of the group is critically discussed with Gondwana as the epicenter of MantispidaeUncorrected radiation. Proofs Keywords mantis-flies; mantidflies; life history; spider-insect interactions; mimesis Overview Neuroptera are a relatively small order of holometabolous insects that are thought to have originated during the Permian Period (Engel et al.
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The Lacewings (Insecta, Neuroptera) of Tasmania
Papers and Proceedings of the Royal Society of Tasmania, Volume 126, 1992 29 THE LACEWINGS (INSECTA, NEUROPTERA) OF TASMANIA by T.R. New (with 138 text-figures) NEW, T.R., 1992 (31 :x): The lacewings (lnsecta, Neuroptera) of Tasmania. Pap. Proc. R. Soc. TaS1n. 126: 29-45. ISSN 0080-4703. https://doi.org/10.26749/rstpp.126.29 Department of Zoology, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Vicroria, Aus[ralia 3083. A synopsis is given, with keys provided for identification, ofthe 40 species ofNeuroptera known from Tasmania and the Bass Strait Islands. Nine families are represented; the Australian mainland families Nemorthidae, Berothidae, Psychopsidae, Nemopteridae and Ascalaphidae have not been recorded. A family-level key to larvae is given. Notes on the biology and distribution of all species are provided. Endemism is low, and only two species, Kempynus longipennis (Walker) and Dictyochrysa latifascia Kimmins, are believed to be restricted to the State; most other species are widespread in southeastern Australia or more widely distributed. Key Words: lacewings, N europtera, Tasmania, key, insects, distribution. INTRODUCTION with debris, including sand, vegetable fragments and lichens, or remains of prey organisms. Neuroptera, or Planipennia, are amongst the most primitive Eggs are laid on vegetation or more casually scattered on/ groups of endopterygote insects and occur in most temperate in soil, singly or in batches of varying sizes - the particular and tropical parts of the world. The order includes around oviposition pattern usually being very characteristic of given 5000 described species of the taxa, commonly known as taxa. Eggs of most families are cemented directly to the "lacewings", "dusty wings", "sponge-flies", "owl-flies", substrate, but those of Chrysopidae, Mantispidae, Berothidae "antlions" and others.
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Spiderling Survival in a Mantispa (Neuroptera, Mantispidae) Infested Egg Sa C
1985 . The Journal of Arachnology 13 :13 9 SPIDERLING SURVIVAL IN A MANTISPA (NEUROPTERA, MANTISPIDAE) INFESTED EGG SA C Larvae of the insect subfamily Mantispinae (Neuroptera, Mantispidae) are obligatory predators on the eggs of spiders (Redborg 1983) . A first instar mantispid must gain acces s to spider eggs by one of two methods ; either the larva boards a female spider and de- scends into the egg sac during construction, or it locates and penetrates an egg sac tha t has already been formed (Redborg and MacLeod 1984) . The survival of the eggs and subsequent spiderlings would appear to be nonexistent o r very limited once a mantispid larva has successfully entered a spider egg sac, as indicate d by previous researchers . No spiders survived from three egg sacs of Scytodes sp . which were separately preyed upon by larvae of Mantispa fuscicornis Banks (Gilbert and Rayo r 1983). An egg sac of Peucetia viridans found by Killebrew (1981) contained a Mantispa cocoon which filled the entire space of the egg sac, and it is therefore assumed no eggs o r spiderlings survived . Valerio (1971) studied Mantispa viridis Walker preying upon Achaearanea tepidariorum and noted that the mantispid almost always devoured al l of the spider eggs and only when the number of eggs was sufficiently high, would a few remain intact and survive naturally . Limited spiderling survival was also observed b y Capocasale (1971) with 15 juvenile Lycosa poliostoma surviving the larva of Mantispa decorata Erichson. Within this egg sac, around 300-400 dehydrated eggs were also found . However, large numbers of spiderlings can survive in an infested egg sac .
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