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Título an Analysis of Cites Implementation in Trinidad and Tobago Autor TÍTULO AN ANALYSIS OF CITES IMPLEMENTATION IN TRINIDAD AND TOBAGO AUTOR David Mahabir Esta edición electrónica ha sido realizada en 2019 Tutores Dr. Yula Kapetanakos ; Mr. Mark Gibson (PhD Student) Máster Propio en Gestión y Conservación de Especies en Comercio : el Curso Marco Internacional (2018/2019) ISBN 978-84-7993-532-4 David Mahabir De esta edición: Universidad Internacional de Andalucía Fecha 2019 documento Universidad Internacional de Andalucía, 2019 Reconocimiento-No comercial-Sin obras derivadas Usted es libre de: Copiar, distribuir y comunicar públicamente la obra. Bajo las condiciones siguientes: Reconocimiento. Debe reconocer los créditos de la obra de la manera. especificada por el autor o el licenciador (pero no de una manera que sugiera que tiene su apoyo o apoyan el uso que hace de su obra). No comercial. No puede utilizar esta obra para fines comerciales. Sin obras derivadas. No se puede alterar, transformar o generar una obra derivada a partir de esta obra. Al reutilizar o distribuir la obra, tiene que dejar bien claro los términos de la licencia de esta obra. Alguna de estas condiciones puede no aplicarse si se obtiene el permiso del titular de los derechos de autor. Nada en esta licencia menoscaba o restringe los derechos morales del autor. Universidad Internacional de Andalucía, 2019 Running Head: ANALYSIS OF CITES IMPLEMENTATION IN TRINIDAD AND TOBAGO Master’s Thesis Research Project An Analysis of CITES Implementation in Trinidad and Tobago Master’s Degree in Management and Conservation of Species in Trade: The International Framework (13th Edition) Author David Mahabir Trinidad and Tobago Primary Supervisor: Dr. Yula Kapetanakos Secondary Supervisor: Mr. Mark Gibson (PhD Student) UNIVERSIDAD INTERNACIONAL DE ANDALUCIA Sede Antonio Machado, Baeza (Jaén), Spain. March 22nd 2019 Universidad Internacional de Andalucía, 2019 ANALYSIS OF CITES IMPLEMENTATION IN TRINIDAD AND TOBAGO Approval Page 1 Universidad Internacional de Andalucía, 2019 ANALYSIS OF CITES IMPLEMENTATION IN TRINIDAD AND TOBAGO Table of Contents Contents Approval Page 1 Table of Contents 2 List of Tables 5 List of Figures 6 Acknowledgement 8 Abbreviation 10 Abstract 11 1.0 Introduction 12 2.0 Background and Literature Review 15 2.1 Information of Study Site and a Policy Gap Analysis 15 2.1.1 T&T and CITES. 16 2.1.2 A review of the legislations used for the protection of flora and fauna in T&T. 18 2.2 T&T: Biodiversity 21 2.2.1 Illegal trade from the mainland to the T&T. 25 2.3 Implementation of CITES 27 2.3.1 A review of global CITES implementation literature. 27 2.3.2 Institutional framework for the implementation of CITES in T&T. 30 2.3.3 CITES implementation in the Caribbean. 32 2 Universidad Internacional de Andalucía, 2019 ANALYSIS OF CITES IMPLEMENTATION IN TRINIDAD AND TOBAGO 2.4 The Use of Social Science in Conservation 33 2.4.1 A review of the different social science methods used to collect data. 34 3.0 Methodology 37 3.1 Research Questions 37 3.2 Data Collection 37 3.3 Data Analysis 39 3.3.1 Quantitative analysis 40 3.3.2 Qualitative analysis 40 4.0 Results 42 4.1 Profile of Respondents 42 4.1.1 Gender. 42 4.1.2 Ratio of enforcement officers interviewed according to work place. 43 4.1.3 Service years of respondents. 43 4.2 Knowledge of CITES 44 4.3 Agency Cooperation 46 4.4 Human Resources 46 4.5 Implementation Procedures 50 4.6 Problem Perceptions 51 4.7 Trade Information 51 4.8 Improving Implementation 54 3 Universidad Internacional de Andalucía, 2019 ANALYSIS OF CITES IMPLEMENTATION IN TRINIDAD AND TOBAGO 5.0 Discussion 56 Conclusion 65 Recommendations 67 References 70 Appendix A 77 Research Questionnaire 77 Appendix B 92 List of CITES-listed Species Traded Data for the Period 2013 to 2017 92 4 Universidad Internacional de Andalucía, 2019 ANALYSIS OF CITES IMPLEMENTATION IN TRINIDAD AND TOBAGO List of Tables Table 1: Number of Species of T&T (Table adapted from GoRTT, 2017) .................................. 23 Table 2: Showing CITES listed Species Seized for the Period 2010 to 2017 (Wildlife Section, 2018) ............................................................................................................................................. 26 Table 3: Showing Data Types Collected and the Number of Questions for Each Data Type. ..... 39 5 Universidad Internacional de Andalucía, 2019 ANALYSIS OF CITES IMPLEMENTATION IN TRINIDAD AND TOBAGO List of Figures Figure 1: Map showing proximity of T&T to South America (Constructed using ARC GIS). .. 15 Figure 2 : Showing a comparison of categories and numbers of Parties (CITES 2019). ............. 16 Figure 3: Showing the local laws that protect flora and fauna in T&T. ....................................... 19 Figure 4: Showing the illegal wildlife trade from South America to Trinidad and the rest of the world. ............................................................................................................................................ 25 Figure 5: Showing a flow chart of the roles and responsibilities of the CITES Management and Scientific Authority of T&T ......................................................................................................... 31 Figure 6: Creswell (2009) Model used for research project data analysis. ................................... 40 Picture 1 : Showing participants attentively listening to presentation on CITES knowledge, roles and functions……………………………………………………………………………………..42 Figure 7: Showing the approach taken to summarise the qualitative data collected. ................... 41 Figure 8 : Bar chart showing the profile of the respondents interviewed. .................................... 42 Figure 9. Pie Chart showing respondents knowledge of CITES existence before the day of the interview. ...................................................................................................................................... 44 Figure 10: Bar chart illustrating the number of respondents level of CITES knowledge............. 45 Figure 11: Pie chart showing the number of personnel received professional training in CITES.45 Figure 12: Pie chart illustrating respondents knowledge of the T&T CITES Management Authority. ...................................................................................................................................... 47 Figure 13: Pie chart illustrating respondents knowledge of the T&T CITES Scientific Authority. ....................................................................................................................................................... 47 Figure 14: Bar chart showing respondents knowledge of T&T Management Authority personnel to implement CITES. .................................................................................................................... 48 6 Universidad Internacional de Andalucía, 2019 ANALYSIS OF CITES IMPLEMENTATION IN TRINIDAD AND TOBAGO Figure 15: Bar chart showing respondents knowledge of T&T Scientific Authority personnel to implement CITES. ........................................................................................................................ 48 Figure 16: Bar chart illustrating respondents knowledge of Forestry Division’s personnel to implement CITES. ........................................................................................................................ 49 Figure 17: Bar chart showing the average number of hours personnel work per week................ 49 Figure 18: Respondents response to identification of CITES specimens. .................................... 50 Figure 19: Pie chart showing respondents answer to proper place to keep confiscated live animals. ....................................................................................................................................................... 51 Figure 20: Bar Chart reflecting respondents opinion on the level of seriousness of the illegal wildlife trade in TT ....................................................................................................................... 52 Figure 21: Bar chart showing CITES species the respondents mentioned that are exported from T&T............................................................................................................................................... 52 Figure 22: Bar chart showing countries of destination the respondents mentioned where wild specimens are exported to. ............................................................................................................ 53 Figure 23: Bar chart showing species the respondents mentioned that are imported into T&T. .. 53 Figure 24: Bar chart showing countries of destination the respondents mentioned where wild specimens are imported from. ....................................................................................................... 54 Figure 25: Pie chart illustrating recommendations for an effective international trade. .............. 55 7 Universidad Internacional de Andalucía, 2019 ANALYSIS OF CITES IMPLEMENTATION IN TRINIDAD AND TOBAGO Acknowledgement You had given me the power to believe in my passion and pursue my dreams. I could never have done this without the faith I have in you, the Almighty. I would like to thank my brilliant and efficient thesis advisors Dr Yula Kapetanakos and Mr Mark Gibson for their expert advising and guidance throughout this thesis. They were always there whenever I ran into a trouble spot or had a question about my research or writing. They consistently allowed
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