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An Investigation of Acid Sulfate Soils in the Logan-Coomera Area

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An Investigation of Acid Sulfate Soils in the Logan-Coomera Area AN INVESTIGATION OF ACID SULFATE SOILS IN THE LOGAN–COOMERA AREA Volume 1 Report on Acid Sulfate Soil Mapping JA Manders, CD Smith, KM Watling, JJ Adams and CR Ahern Queensland Acid Sulfate Soils Investigation Team Queensland Department of Natural Resources and Mines Published by Department of Natural Resources and Mines, Indooroopilly, Queensland, Australia. National Library of Australia Cataloguing in Publication Data. Title: An Investigation of Acid Sulfate Soils in the Logan–Coomera Area. Volume 1 Report on Acid Sulfate Soil Mapping. November, 2002 QNRM02279 ISBN 0 7345 2418 8 (Volume 1) ISBN 0 7345 2420 X (SET) Material from the publication may be used providing both the author and publishers are acknowledged. Citation of this publication should take the form: Manders JA, Smith CD, Watling KM, Adams JJ, and Ahern CR (2002). An Investigation of Acid Sulfate Soils in the Logan–Coomera Area. Volume 1 Report on Acid Sulfate Soil Mapping. Department of Natural Resources and Mines, Indooroopilly, Queensland, Australia. Disclaimer While the Queensland Acid Sulfate Soils Investigation Team (QASSIT) and the authors have prepared this document in good faith, consulting widely, exercising all due care and attention, no representation or warranty, express or implied, is made as to the accuracy, completeness or fitness of the document in respect of any user’s circumstances. Users of the report should undertake their own quality controls, standards, safety procedures and seek appropriate expert advice where necessary in relation to their particular situation or equipment. Any representation, statement, opinion or advice, expressed or implied in this publication is made in good faith and on the basis that the State of Queensland, its agents and employees are not liable (whether by reason of negligence, lack of care or otherwise) to any person for any damage or loss whatsoever which has occurred or may occur in relation to that person taking or not taking (as the case may be) action in respect of any representation, statement or advice referred to above. For all publication inquiries and purchases contact: QASSIT Department of Natural Resources and Mines Block C, 80 Meiers Road Indooroopilly Qld 4068 Phone: (07) 3896 9819 Fax: (07) 3896 9782 Cover design by Jeremy Manders, QASSIT, Department of Natural Resources and Mines. Acknowledgements This project was funded by the Natural Heritage Trust, Gold Coast City Council and the Queensland Department of Natural Resources and Mines (NR&M). Bureau Sugar Experimental Stations provided additional financial assistance through the SIRP program. The authors wish to thank: • Earl Barry, Julie Anorov, Graham Murtha, Michelle Martens and Rob Boothroyd for their assistance and field support. • Don Malcolm and Valerie Eldershaw for their invaluable assistance towards the success of this publication. • Brian Moore, Gary Dawson, Anthony Mcloughlin and Liz Kidston for data management support. • NR&M Analytical Services Laboratory for laboratory support, in particular Niki Latham, Dave Lyons, Ian Grant, Peter Welsby, and Greig Cumming. • The cooperation of all landholders who provided access and important local knowledge. • Northeast Albert Landcare (in particular Peter Lehman) for originally sponsoring the project prior to responsibility passing to the GCCC mid term. • Rocky Point Canegrowers particularly Anthony Huth and Victor Schwanke. • Keron Gaul of GCCC for project reporting coordination and financial supervision for the NHT components . ii Table of Contents Summary ...............................................................................................................................................v 1. Introduction....................................................................................................................................1 2. The Use of High Intensity Mapping.............................................................................................1 3. Report Components.......................................................................................................................2 4. Description of the Study Area ......................................................................................................3 5. Acid Sulfate Soils – An Overview.................................................................................................5 5.1 Brief Description ......................................................................................................................5 5.2 Oxidation of iron sulfides .........................................................................................................6 5.3 Impacts......................................................................................................................................8 6. Geomorphology............................................................................................................................11 6.1 Background.............................................................................................................................11 6.2 Geomorphology of estuaries...................................................................................................13 6.3 Reference to Logan–Coomera area.........................................................................................14 7. Acid Sulfate Soil Assessment ......................................................................................................16 7.1 Pre-fieldwork planning and assessment..................................................................................16 7.2 Field survey methodology.......................................................................................................16 7.3 Field sampling procedures......................................................................................................16 7.4 Laboratory analysis.................................................................................................................17 7.5 Database recording ...............................................................................................................18 7.6 Interpretation of field and laboratory data..............................................................................18 7.7 Mapping..................................................................................................................................20 8. Results and Discussion.................................................................................................................21 9. Management Principles of Acid Sulfate Soils ...........................................................................27 9.1 Background.............................................................................................................................27 9.2 Factors to be considered in managing new disturbances........................................................27 9.3 Management strategies ...........................................................................................................29 10. Conclusions...................................................................................................................................32 11. References.....................................................................................................................................33 12. Definitions and Concepts Used in This Document....................................................................35 Appendix 1: Sampling Equipment ................................................................................................ A1–1 Appendix 2: Interpretation and use of NR&M Acid Sulfate Soil Maps.................................... A2–1 iii List of Figures Figure 1. Location of Logan–Coomera study area.....................................................................................3 Figure 2. Logan–Coomera mapping area ...................................................................................................4 Figure 3. Likely area of inundation by Pleistocene high sea level...........................................................12 Figure 4. Estuary energy zones as described by Dalrymple et al. (1992)................................................13 Figure 5. General estuary zones of the Logan–Coomera floodplain .......................................................15 Figure 6. Distribution of soil pHF over 14 552 ha of assessed land.........................................................22 Figure 7. Proportions of the assessed area with potential acid sulfate soils according to depth intervals to the first PASS layer................................................................................................23 Figure 8. Proportions of the assessed area by depth intervals and pH.....................................................23 Figure 9. Percentage of samples collected in each depth interval, indicating total samples and PASS samples......................................................................................................................................25 Figure 10. Sequence of texture group frequency for all samples and those with PASS by depth intervals.....................................................................................................................................25 Figure 11. Average %S values for PASS samples by texture groups and depth intervals.........................26 List of Tables Table 1. Potential acidity depth codes ....................................................................................................18
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